Труды сотрудников ИЛ им. В.Н. Сукачева СО РАН

/ B. Wild [et al.] // Soil Biology and Biochemistry. - 2013. - Vol. 67. - P85-93, DOI 10.1016/j.soilbio.2013.08.004 . - ISSN 0038-0717
Аннотация: Turbic Cryosols (permafrost soils characterized by cryoturbation, i.e., by mixing of soil layers due to freezing and thawing) are widespread across the Arctic, and contain large amounts of poorly decomposed organic material buried in the subsoil. This cryoturbated organic matter exhibits retarded decomposition compared to organic material in the topsoil. Since soil organic matter (SOM) decomposition is known to be tightly linked to N availability, we investigated N transformation rates in different soil horizons of three tundra sites in north-eastern Siberia and Greenland. We measured gross rates of protein depolymerization, N mineralization (ammonification) and nitrification, as well as microbial uptake of amino acids and NH4 + using an array of 15N pool dilution approaches. We found that all sites and horizons were characterized by low N availability, as indicated by low N mineralization compared to protein depolymerization rates (with gross N mineralization accounting on average for 14% of gross protein depolymerization). The proportion of organic N mineralized was significantly higher at the Greenland than at the Siberian sites, suggesting differences in N limitation. The proportion of organic N mineralized, however, did not differ significantly between soil horizons, pointing to a similar N demand of the microbial community of each horizon. In contrast, absolute N transformation rates were significantly lower in cryoturbated than in organic horizons, with cryoturbated horizons reaching not more than 32% of the transformation rates in organic horizons. Our results thus indicate a deceleration of the entire N cycle in cryoturbated soil horizons, especially strongly reduced rates of protein depolymerization (16% of organic horizons) which is considered the rate-limiting step in soil N cycling. В© 2013 The Authors.

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University of Vienna, Department of Microbiology and Ecosystem Science, Division of Terrestrial Ecosystem Research, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
Austrian Polar Research Institute, 1090 Vienna, Austria
University of South Bohemia, Department of Ecosystems Biology, Branisovska 31, 37005 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
Leibniz Universitat Hannover, Institut fur Bodenkunde, Herrenhauser Strasse 2, 30419 Hannover, Germany
International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), Schlossplatz 1, 2361 Laxenburg, Austria
Central Siberian Botanical Garden, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Zolotodolinskaya 101, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
VN Sukachev Institute of Forest, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Akademgorodok, 660036 Krasnoyarsk, Russian Federation
University of Vienna, Department of Ecogenomics and Systems Biology, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
University of Bergen, Department of Biology/Centre for Geobiology, Allegaten 41, 5007 Bergen, Norway
Northeast Scientific Station, Pacific Institute for Geography, Far-East Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 678830 Chersky, Republic of Sakha, Russian Federation

Доп.точки доступа:
Wild, B.; Schnecker, J.; Barta, J.; Capek, P.; Guggenberger, G.; Hofhansl, F.; Kaiser, C.; Lashchinsky, N.; Mikutta, R.; Mooshammer, M.; Santruckova, H.; Shibistova, O.; Urich, T.; Zimov, S.A.; Richter, A.

/ A. Gittel [et al.] // ISME J. - 2013, DOI 10.1038/ismej.2013.219 . - ISSN 1751-7362
Аннотация: Cryoturbation, the burial of topsoil material into deeper soil horizons by repeated freeze-thaw events, is an important storage mechanism for soil organic matter (SOM) in permafrost-affected soils. Besides abiotic conditions, microbial community structure and the accessibility of SOM to the decomposer community are hypothesized to control SOM decomposition and thus have a crucial role in SOM accumulation in buried soils. We surveyed the microbial community structure in cryoturbated soils from nine soil profiles in the northeastern Siberian tundra using high-throughput sequencing and quantification of bacterial, archaeal and fungal marker genes. We found that bacterial abundances in buried topsoils were as high as in unburied topsoils. In contrast, fungal abundances decreased with depth and were significantly lower in buried than in unburied topsoils resulting in remarkably low fungal to bacterial ratios in buried topsoils. Fungal community profiling revealed an associated decrease in presumably ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi. The abiotic conditions (low to subzero temperatures, anoxia) and the reduced abundance of fungi likely provide a niche for bacterial, facultative anaerobic decomposers of SOM such as members of the Actinobacteria, which were found in significantly higher relative abundances in buried than in unburied topsoils. Our study expands the knowledge on the microbial community structure in soils of Northern latitude permafrost regions, and attributes the delayed decomposition of SOM in buried soils to specific microbial taxa, and particularly to a decrease in abundance and activity of ECM fungi, and to the extent to which bacterial decomposers are able to act as their functional substitutes.The ISME Journal advance online publication, 12 December 2013; doi:10.1038/ismej.2013.219.

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Держатели документа:
1] Department of Biology, Centre for Geobiology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
Austrian Polar Research Institute, Vienna, Austria
Department of Ecosystems Biology, University of South Bohemia, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
Institut fur Bodenkunde, Leibniz Universitat Hannover, Hannover, Germany
1] Institute of Genomics and Systems Biology, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, USA
Computation Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
1] Austrian Polar Research Institute, Vienna, Austria
Division of Terrestrial Ecosystem Research, Department of Microbiology and Ecosystem Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
Department of Earth Science, Centre for Geobiology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
Division of Ecosystem Modelling, Institute of Coastal Research, Helmholtz Zentrum Geesthacht, Geesthacht, Germany
Central Siberian Botanical Garden, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
1] Institut fur Bodenkunde, Leibniz Universitat Hannover, Hannover, Germany
VN Sukachev Institute of Forest, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Akademgorodok, Russia
Department of Biology, Centre for Geobiology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
Division of Archaea Biology and Ecogenomics, Department of Ecogenomics and Systems Biology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria

Доп.точки доступа:
Gittel, A.; Barta, J.; Kohoutova, I.; Mikutta, R.; Owens, S.; Gilbert, J.; Schnecker, J.; Wild, B.; Hannisdal, B.; Maerz, J.; Lashchinskiy, N.; Capek, P.; Santruckova, H.; Gentsch, N.; Shibistova, O.; Guggenberger, G.; Richter, A.; Torsvik, V.L.; Schleper, C.; Urich, T.

[] / J. Schnecker [et al.] // PLoS ONE. - 2014. - Vol. 9, Is. 4. - Ст. e94076, DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0094076 . - ISSN 1932-6203
Аннотация: Enzyme-mediated decomposition of soil organic matter (SOM) is controlled, amongst other factors, by organic matter properties and by the microbial decomposer community present. Since microbial community composition and SOM properties are often interrelated and both change with soil depth, the drivers of enzymatic decomposition are hard to dissect. We investigated soils from three regions in the Siberian Arctic, where carbon rich topsoil material has been incorporated into the subsoil (cryoturbation). We took advantage of this subduction to test if SOM properties shape microbial community composition, and to identify controls of both on enzyme activities. We found that microbial community composition (estimated by phospholipid fatty acid analysis), was similar in cryoturbated material and in surrounding subsoil, although carbon and nitrogen contents were similar in cryoturbated material and topsoils. This suggests that the microbial community in cryoturbated material was not well adapted to SOM properties. We also measured three potential enzyme activities (cellobiohydrolase, leucine-amino-peptidase and phenoloxidase) and used structural equation models (SEMs) to identify direct and indirect drivers of the three enzyme activities. The models included microbial community composition, carbon and nitrogen contents, clay content, water content, and pH. Models for regular horizons, excluding cryoturbated material, showed that all enzyme activities were mainly controlled by carbon or nitrogen. Microbial community composition had no effect. In contrast, models for cryoturbated material showed that enzyme activities were also related to microbial community composition. The additional control of microbial community composition could have restrained enzyme activities and furthermore decomposition in general. The functional decoupling of SOM properties and microbial community composition might thus be one of the reasons for low decomposition rates and the persistence of 400 Gt carbon stored in cryoturbated material. В© 2014 Schnecker et al.

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Держатели документа:
University of Vienna, Department of Microbiology and Ecosystem Science, Division of Terrestrial Ecosystem Research, Vienna, Austria
Austrian Polar Research Institute, Vienna, Austria
University of Vienna, Department of Ecogenomics and Systems Biology, Division of Archaea Biology and Ecogenomics, Vienna, Austria
University of South Bohemia, Department of Ecosystems Biology, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
Leibniz Universitat Hannover, Institut fur Bodenkunde, Hannover, Germany
University of Bergen, Centre for Geobiology, Department of Biology, Bergen, Norway
Central Siberian Botanical Garden, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
VN Sukachev Institute of Forest, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Krasnoyarsk, Russian Federation
International Atomic Energy Agency, Joint FAO/IAEA Division for Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, Soil and Water Management and Crop Nutrition Laboratory, Vienna, Austria

Доп.точки доступа:
Schnecker, J.; Wild, B.; Hofhansl, F.; Alves, R.J.E.; Barta, J.; Capek, P.; Fuchslueger, L.; Gentsch, N.; Gittel, A.; Guggenberger, G.; Hofer, A.; Kienzl, S.; Knoltsch, A.; Lashchinskiy, N.; Mikutta, R.; Santruckova, H.; Shibistova, O.; Takriti, M.; Urich, T.; Weltin, G.; Richter, A.

[Text] / N. Gentsch [et al.] // Biogeosciences. - 2015. - Vol. 12, Is. 14. - P4525-4542, DOI 10.5194/bg-12-4525-2015. - Cited References:95. - Financial support was provided by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (03F0616A) within the ERANET EUROPOLAR project CryoCARB. N. Gentsch appreciates financial support by the Evangelisches Studienwerk Villigst, and O. Shibistova and G. Guggenberger acknowledge funding by the Russian Ministry of Education and Science (no. 14.B25.31.0031). Contributions from P. Kuhry, G. Hugelius, and J. Palmtag were supported by the Swedish Research Council within the ERANET EUROPOLAR project CryoCARB. Special thanks go to Claudia Borchers for in-depth statistical discussions, Charles Tarnocai for helpful comments on soil descriptions, and all members of the CryoCARB project for the incredible team spirit. We acknowledge support from the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft and the Open Access Publishing Fund of the Leibniz Universitat Hannover. . - ISSN 1726-4170. - ISSN 1726-4189РУБ Ecology + Geosciences, Multidisciplinary

Аннотация: In permafrost soils, the temperature regime and the resulting cryogenic processes are important determinants of the storage of organic carbon (OC) and its small-scale spatial variability. For cryoturbated soils, there is a lack of research assessing pedon-scale heterogeneity in OC stocks and the transformation of functionally different organic matter (OM) fractions, such as particulate and mineral-associated OM. Therefore, pedons of 28 Turbels were sampled in 5m wide soil trenches across the Siberian Arctic to calculate OC and total nitrogen (TN) stocks based on digital profile mapping. Density fractionation of soil samples was performed to distinguish between particulate OM (light fraction, LF, 1.6 g cm(-3)), mineral associated OM (heavy fraction, HF, 1.6 g cm(-3)), and a mobilizable dissolved pool (mobilizable fraction, MoF). Across all investigated soil profiles, the total OC storage was 20.2 +/- 8.0 kgm(-2) (mean +/- SD) to 100 cm soil depth. Fifty-four percent of this OC was located in the horizons of the active layer (annual summer thawing layer), showing evidence of cryoturbation, and another 35% was present in the upper permafrost. The HF-OC dominated the overall OC stocks (55 %), followed by LF-OC (19% in mineral and 13% in organic horizons). During fractionation, approximately 13% of the OC was released as MoF, which likely represents a readily bioavailable OM pool. Cryogenic activity in combination with cold and wet conditions was the principle mechanism through which large OC stocks were sequestered in the subsoil (16.4 +/- 8.1 kgm(-2); all mineral B, C, and permafrost horizons). Approximately 22% of the subsoil OC stock can be attributed to LF material subducted by cryoturbation, whereas migration of soluble OM along freezing gradients appeared to be the principle source of the dominant HF (63 %) in the subsoil. Despite the unfavourable abiotic conditions, low C/N ratios and high delta C-13 values indicated substantial microbial OM transformation in the subsoil, but this was not reflected in altered LF and HF pool sizes. Partial least-squares regression analyses suggest that OC accumulates in the HF fraction due to co-precipitation with multivalent cations (Al, Fe) and association with poorly crystalline iron oxides and clay minerals. Our data show that, across all permafrost pedons, the mineral-associated OM represents the dominant OM fraction, suggesting that the HF-OC is the OM pool in permafrost soils on which changing soil conditions will have the largest impact.

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Держатели документа:
Leibniz Univ Hannover, Inst Soil Sci, Hannover, Germany.
Univ Halle Wittenberg, Soil Sci, D-06108 Halle, Germany.
Univ Vienna, Dept Ecogen & Syst Biol, Vienna, Austria.
Univ South Bohemia, Dept Ecosyst Biol, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic.
Aarhus Univ, Ctr Geomicrobiol, Aarhus, Denmark.
Stockholm Univ, Dept Phys Geog & Quaternary Geol, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden.
Russian Acad Sci, Siberian Branch, Cent Siberian Bot Garden, Novosibirsk, Russia.
Univ Vienna, Dept Microbiol & Ecosyst Sci, Vienna, Austria.
Austrian Polar Res Inst, Vienna, Austria.
Univ New Hampshire, Dept Nat Resources & Environm, Durham, NH 03824 USA.
Russian Acad Sci, Siberian Branch, VN Sukachev Inst Forest, Krasnoyarsk, Russia.
Univ Gothenburg, Dept Earth Sci, Gothenburg, Sweden.

Доп.точки доступа:
Gentsch, N.; Mikutta, R.; Alves, R. J. E.; Barta, J.; Capek, P.; Gittel, A.; Hugelius, G.; Kuhry, P.; Lashchinskiy, N.; Palmtag, J.; Richter, A.; Santruckova, H.; Schnecker, J.; Shibistova, O.; Urich, T.; Wild, B.; Guggenberger, G.; German Federal Ministry of Education and Research within ERANET EUROPOLAR CryoCARB [03F0616A]; Evangelisches Studienwerk Villigst; Russian Ministry of Education and Science [14.B25.31.0031]; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft; Open Access Publishing Fund of the Leibniz Universitat Hannover

/ P. Capek [et al.] // Soil Biol. Biochem. - 2015. - Vol. 90. - P19-29, DOI 10.1016/j.soilbio.2015.07.013 . - ISSN 0038-0717
Аннотация: Arctic permafrost soils contain large stocks of organic carbon (OC). Extensive cryogenic processes in these soils cause subduction of a significant part of OC-rich topsoil down into mineral soil through the process of cryoturbation. Currently, one-fourth of total permafrost OC is stored in subducted organic horizons. Predicted climate change is believed to reduce the amount of OC in permafrost soils as rising temperatures will increase decomposition of OC by soil microorganisms. To estimate the sensitivity of OC decomposition to soil temperature and oxygen levels we performed a 4-month incubation experiment in which we manipulated temperature (4-20 °C) and oxygen level of topsoil organic, subducted organic and mineral soil horizons. Carbon loss (CLOSS) was monitored and its potential biotic and abiotic drivers, including concentrations of available nutrients, microbial activity, biomass and stoichiometry, and extracellular oxidative and hydrolytic enzyme pools, were measured. We found that independently of the incubation temperature, CLOSS from subducted organic and mineral soil horizons was one to two orders of magnitude lower than in the organic topsoil horizon, both under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. This corresponds to the microbial biomass being lower by one to two orders of magnitude. We argue that enzymatic degradation of autochthonous subducted OC does not provide sufficient amounts of carbon and nutrients to sustain greater microbial biomass. The resident microbial biomass relies on allochthonous fluxes of nutrients, enzymes and carbon from the OC-rich topsoil. This results in a "negative priming effect", which protects autochthonous subducted OC from decomposition at present. The vulnerability of subducted organic carbon in cryoturbated arctic soils under future climate conditions will largely depend on the amount of allochthonous carbon and nutrient fluxes from the topsoil. © 2015 Elsevier Ltd.

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Держатели документа:
University of South Bohemia, Department of Ecosystems Biology, Branisovska 31, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
Institute of Systematic Botany and Ecology, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, Ulm, Germany
University of Vienna, Department of Microbiology and Ecosystem Research, Division of Terrestrial Ecosystem Research, Althanstrasse 14, Vienna, Austria
Austrian Polar Research Institute, Althanstrasse 14, Vienna, Austria
University of Gothenburg, Department of Earth Sciences, Guldhedsgatan 5A, Gothenburg, Sweden
University of New Hampshire, Department of Natural Resources and the Environment, Durham, NH, United States
University of Vienna, Department of Ecogenomics and Systems Biology, Division of Archaea Biology and Ecogenomics, Vienna, Austria
Leibniz Universitat Hannover, Institute of Soil Science, Herrenhauser Strasse 2, Hannover, Germany
Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Soil Sciences, Halle, Germany
University of Stockholm, Department of Physical Geography, Stockholm, Sweden
Central Siberian Botanical Garden, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Zolotodolinskaya 101, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
University of Bergen, Department of Biology, Centre for Geobiology, Thormohlensgate 53B, Bergen, Norway
Center for Geomicrobiology, Department of Bioscience, Ny Munkegade 114, Aarhus C, Denmark
VN Sukachev, Institute of Forest, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Akademgorodok, Krasnoyarsk, Russian Federation
University of Greifswald, Institute for Microbiology, Greifswald, Germany

Доп.точки доступа:
Capek, P.; Diakova, K.; Dickopp, J.-E.; Barta, J.; Wild, B.; Schnecker, J.; Alves, R.J.E.; Aiglsdorfer, S.; Guggenberger, G.; Gentsch, N.; Hugelius, G.; Lashchinsky, N.; Gittel, A.; Schleper, C.; Mikutta, R.; Palmtag, J.; Shibistova, O.; Urich, .; Richter, A.; Santruckova, H.

/ S. Evgrafova [et al.] // International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference Surveying Geology and Mining Ecology Management, SGEM : International Multidisciplinary Scientific Geoconference, 2017. - Vol. 17: 17th International Multidisciplinary Scientific Geoconference, SGEM 2017 (29 June 2017 through 5 July 2017, ) Conference code: 130796, Is. 32. - P257-264, DOI 10.5593/sgem2017/32/S13.034 . -
Аннотация: We aimed at identifying the microbial response and associated release of CO2 and CH4 in/from thawing soil that has been permanently frozen. For that we performed an in situ field-based incubation experiment in a rim of ice-wedge polygon on Samoylov island, Lena Delta, Russia (72°22’N, 126°28’E). Frozen "buried' organic matter were taken from eroded Lena river bank and transferred to the soil surface in a rim of ice-wedge polygon. The principle includes that formerly frozen soil is moved to the active layer, but still residing in the subsoil in order to mimic cryoturbation processes. The mean seasonal methane efflux from soil surface with the transplaced permafrost soil, as measured in the vegetation period after experiment set up, was 0.55±0.07 mg CH4 m-2 h-1; whereas the mean seasonal methane efflux from plots without buried organic material (i.e., disturbance control) was 0.50±0.02 mg CH4 m-2 h-1. Hence, differences were minor. CO2 emission measured by dark chambers did not differ in magnitude during 4 weeks from the beginning of the vegetation period, and then was approximately 1.5 times larger in plots containing organic material. The release of CO2 from soil was mainly responding to soil temperature, as the Pearson's coefficient for correlation between heterotrophic respiration rate and soil and air temperature was r=0.63, r=0.38, respectively. We conclude that the heterotrophic part of microbial community needs some period for adaptation to the chemical properties of the introduced organic matter (approximately 3-4 weeks). Consequently, due to the short vegetation period in this ecosystem we expect that the acceleration of carbon release is possibly not pronounced. © SGEM2017. All Rights Reserved.

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Держатели документа:
V.N. Sukachev Institute of Forest FIC SB RAS, Krasnoyarsk, Russian Federation
Siberian Federal University, Krasnoyarsk, Russian Federation
Institute of Soil Science, Leibniz University of Hannover, Germany

Доп.точки доступа:
Evgrafova, S.; Novikov, O.; Meteleva, M.; Guggenberger, G.

/ S. Evgrafova [et al.] // International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference Surveying Geology and Mining Ecology Management, SGEM : International Multidisciplinary Scientific Geoconference, 2018. - Vol. 18: 18th International Multidisciplinary Scientific Geoconference, SGEM 2018 (2 July 2018 through 8 July 2018, ) Conference code: 142896, Is. 3.2. - P213-218, DOI 10.5593/sgem2018/3.2/S13.028 . -
Аннотация: A fundamental research question related to the impact of thawing permafrost on global change is, how fast organic matter in the thawing permafrost can be converted to CO2 and CH4 and released into the atmosphere. Current estimates on the degradability of thawing organic matter in permafrost are based on incubation studies which are highly artificial and probably overestimate the greenhouse gas production under in situ conditions. We aimed at identifying the microbial response and associated release of CO2 and CH4 from thawing soil that has previously been permanently frozen. For this, we performed an in situ field-based incubation experiment in a rim of an ice-wedge polygon on Samoylov island in the Lena River Delta, Russia, at 72°22’N, 126°28’E. We moved formerly frozen soil to the active layer. This material was either placed partly in the subsoil, to mimic the cryoturbation processes, or was exposed to the soil surface to simulate an eroded river bank. Data from the incubation experiment showed low intensity of gas emission which indicates a weak involvement of the buried soil in the present-day processes of microbial decomposition. © SGEM 2018.

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Держатели документа:
V.N. Sukachev Institute, of Forest FIC SB RAS, Krasnoyarsk, Russian Federation
Siberian Federal University, Krasnoyarsk, Russian Federation
Institute of Soil Science, Leibniz University of Hannover, Germany

Доп.точки доступа:
Evgrafova, S.; Novikov, O.; Meteleva, M.; Guggenberger, G.