Труды сотрудников ИЛ им. В.Н. Сукачева СО РАН

/ C. J. Nichol, O. Shibistova // Tellus. Series B: Chemical and physical meteorology. - 2002. - Vol. 54B, № 5. - С. 677-687
Аннотация: The relationship between a physiological index called the photochemical reflectance index (PRI) and photosynthetic light-use-efficiency (LUE) of a Siberian boreal forest during the winter-spring transition, or green-up period, was investigated in 2000. During this time the photosynthetic apparatus was considered under stress as a result of extremes of temperature (from -20 to 35 degreesC) coupled with a high radiation load. Reflectance measurements of four stands were made from a helicopter-mounted spectroradiometer and PRI was calculated from these data. Eddy covariance towers were operating at the four stands and offered a means to calculate LUE. A significant linear relationship was apparent between PRI, calculated from the helicopter spectral data, and LUE, calculated from the eddy covariance data, for the four sites sampled. Reflectance measurements were also made of a Scots pine stand from the eddy covariance tower. Needles were also sampled during the time of spectral data acquisition for xanthophyll pigment determination. Strong linear relationships were observed among PRI, the epoxidation state of the xanthophyll cycle (EPS) and LUE over the green-up period and the diurnal cycle at the canopy scale.

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Держатели документа:
Russian Acad Sci, Inst Forest, Siberian Branch, Krasnoyarsk, Russia

Доп.точки доступа:
Nichol, C.J.; Найчол С.Дж.; Shibistova, Olga Borisovna; Шибистова, Ольга Борисовна

[Text] / V. I. Kharuk [et al.] // Scand. J. Forest Res. - 2010. - Vol. 25, Is. 5. - P446-454, DOI 10.1080/02827581.2010.509329. - Cited References: 47. - This research was supported by the NASA Science Mission Directorate, Terrestrial Ecology Program, Siberian Branch Russian Academy of Science Program 23.3.33 and grant MK-2497.2009.5. The authors thank Dr V. Miglan for help with the dendrochronology analysis and Dr Joanne Howl for editing this manuscript. . - 9. - ISSN 0282-7581РУБ Forestry

Аннотация: The elevational tree-line change within the transitional zone between boreal forest and Mongolian steppes was quantified for the last millennium. The basic approach included studies along transects and measurements of tree-line positions to identify current, historical, refugee and regeneration tree lines. Tree mortality and natality were determined based on dendrochronology analysis. Tree mortality in the sixteenth to eighteenth centuries coincided with the Little Ice Age, while tree establishment was stimulated by warming at the end of nineteenth century. Downward shifts in tree line varied by an order of magnitude. The current tree-line position reoccupied the historical tree line in some transects, and was below or above the historical line in others. The regeneration line surpassed the historical tree line by 91 +/- 46 m (mean +/- SD). Such a heterogeneous response was attributed to local topoclimatic conditions and sapling recruitment efficiency. A mean annual 1 degrees C increase in temperature was associated with an upward shift of the tree line by about 70 m. The upward migration rate of the current tree line was about 0.8 m year-1 during the last century. The regeneration migration rate was about 2.3 m year-1 over the past three decades. Finally, the transformation of krummholz forms of larch and Siberian pine into arborescent form was documented.

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Держатели документа:
[Kharuk, Vyacheslav I.
Im, Sergey T.
Dvinskaya, Maria L.] VN Sukachev Inst Forest SB RAS, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia
[Ranson, Kenneth J.] NASAs Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA

Доп.точки доступа:
Kharuk, V.I.; Im, S.T.; Dvinskaya, M.L.; Ranson, K.J.

[Text] / T. . Kajimoto [et al.] // J. For. Res. - 2007. - Vol. 12, Is. 2. - P103-112, DOI 10.1007/s10310-006-0259-y. - Cited References: 49 . - 10. - ISSN 1341-6979РУБ Forestry

Аннотация: We present results of individual-based root system measurement and analysis applied for Larix gmelinii trees growing on the continuous permafrost region of central Siberia. The data of root excavation taken from the three stands were used for the analyses; young (26 years old), mature (105 years old), and uneven-aged over-mature stand (220 years old). In this article, we highlight two topics: (1) factors affecting spatio-temporal pattern of root system development, and (2) interactions between aboveground (i.e., crown) and belowground (i.e., root) competition. For the first topic, the detailed observation of lateral roots was applied to one sample tree of the overmature stand. The tree constructed a superficial (< 30 cm in depth) and rather asymmetric root system, and each lateral root expanded mainly into elevated mounds rather than depressed troughs. This indicated that spatial development of an individual root system was largely affected by microtopography (i.e., earth hummocks). For these lateral roots, elongation growth curves were reconstructed using annual-ring data, and annual growth rates and patterns were compared among them. The comparison suggested that temporal root system development is associated with differences in carbon allocation among the lateral roots. For the second topic, we examined relationships between individual crown projection area (CA) and horizontal rooting area (RA) for the sample trees of each stand. RA was almost equal to CA in the young stand, while RA was much larger (three or four times) than CA in the mature and overmature stands. Two measures of stand-level space occupation, crown area index (aboveground: CAI; sum of CAs per unit land area) and rooting area index (belowground: RAI; sum of RAs), were estimated in each stand. The estimates of RA1 (1.3-1.8 m(2) m(-2)) exceeded unity in all stands. In contrast, CAI exceeded unity (1.3 m(2) m(-2)) only in the young stand, and was much smaller (< 0.3 m(2) m(-2)) in the two older stands. These between-stand differences in RAI-CAI relationships suggest that intertree competition for both aboveground and belowground spaces occurred in the young stand, but only belowground competition still occurred in the two older stands. Based on this finding, we hypothesized that competition below the ground may become predominant as a stand ages in L. gmelinii forests. Methodological limitations of our analysis are also discussed, especially for the analysis using the two indices of space occupation (CAI, RAI).

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Держатели документа:
Forestry & Forest Prod Res Inst, Kyushu Res Ctr, Kumamoto 8600862, Japan
Ryukoku Univ, Fac Intercultural Commun, Otsu, Shiga, Japan
Forestry & Forest Prod Res Inst, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan
Russian Acad Sci, VN Sukachev Inst Forest, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
Kyoto Univ, Fac Agr, Kyoto, Japan
Kyoto Univ, Field Sci Educ & Res Ctr, Kyoto, Japan
Okayama Univ, Grad Sch Environm Sci, Okayama 7008530, Japan

Доп.точки доступа:
Kajimoto, T...; Osawa, A...; Matsuura, Y...; Abaimov, A.P.; Zyryanova, O.A.; Kondo, K...; Tokuchi, N...; Hirobe, M...

[Text] / A. . Arneth [et al.] // Glob. Biogeochem. Cycle. - 2002. - Vol. 16, Is. 1. - Ст. 1005, DOI 10.1029/2000GB001374. - Cited References: 70 . - 13. - ISSN 0886-6236РУБ Environmental Sciences + Geosciences, Multidisciplinary + Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences

Аннотация: [1] Twenty tree ring C-13/C-12 ratio chronologies from Pinus sylvestris (Scots pine) trees were determined from five locations sampled along the Yenisei River, spaced over a total distance of similar to1000 km between the cities of Turuhansk (66degreesN) and Krasnoyarsk (56degreesN). The transect covered the major part of the natural distribution of Scots pine in the region with median growing season temperatures and precipitation varying from 12.2degreesC and 218 mm to 14.0degreesC and 278 mm for Turuhansk and Krasnoyarsk, respectively. A key focus of the study was to investigate the effects of variations in temperature, precipitation, and atmospheric CO2 concentration on long-and short-term variation in photosynthetic C-13 discrimination during photosynthesis and the marginal cost of tree water use, as reflected in the differences in the historical records of the C-13/C-12 ratio in wood cellulose compared to that of the atmosphere (Delta(13)C(c)). In 17 of the 20 samples, trees Delta(13)C(c) has declined during the last 150 years, particularly so during the second half of the twentieth century. Using a model of stomatal behaviour combined with a process-based photosynthesis model, we deduce that this trend indicates a long-term decrease in canopy stomatal conductance, probably in response to increasing atmospheric CO2 concentrations. This response being observed for most trees along the transect is suggestive of widespread decreases in Delta(13)C(c) and increased water use efficiency for Scots pine in central Siberia over the last century. Overlying short-term variations in Delta(13)C(c) were also accounted for by the model and were related to variations in growing season soil water deficit and atmospheric humidity.

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Держатели документа:
Manaaki Whenua, Landcare Res, Lincoln, New Zealand
Max Planck Inst Biogeochem, D-07701 Jena, Germany
Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Earth Sci, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia
Inst Evolut & Ecol Problems, Svertsov Lab, Moscow 117071, Russia
VN Sukachev Inst Forest, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia
Univ S Bohemia, Fac Biol Sci, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
Inst Soil Biol AS CR, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic

Доп.точки доступа:
Arneth, A...; Lloyd, J...; Santruckova, H...; Bird, M...; Grigoryev, S...; Kalaschnikov, Y.N.; Gleixner, G...; Schulze, E.D.

[Text] / E. E. Yakimenko, I. D. Grodnitskaya // Microbiology. - 2000. - Vol. 69, Is. 6. - P726-729, DOI 10.1023/A:1026670627943. - Cited References: 20 . - 4. - ISSN 0026-2617РУБ Microbiology

Аннотация: Soils in the tree nurseries studied were characterized by a lower species diversity of fungi than adjacent virgin soils. In particular, the relative abundances of representatives of the genera Mucor Chaetomium, and Trichoderma in the nursery soil were two times lower than in adjacent virgin soils. On the other hand, the nursery soil exhibited greater abundances of fungi of the genus Fusarium, which are causative agents of many diseases of conifer seedlings. To appreciate the efficiency of biocontrol of the infectious diseases of conifer seedlings, we introduced several indigenous Trichoderma strains into the nursery soil and found that this affected the species composition of soil microflora considerably. Changes in the species composition of mycobiota beneficially influenced the phytosanitary state of soils and reduced the infectious lodging of conifer seedlings.

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Держатели документа:
Russian Acad Sci, Siberian Div, Sukachev Inst Forestry, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia

Доп.точки доступа:
Yakimenko, E.E.; Grodnitskaya, I.D.

[Text] / B. D. Kloeppel [et al.] // Oecologia. - 1998. - Vol. 114, Is. 2. - P153-159, DOI 10.1007/s004420050431. - Cited References: 45 . - 7. - ISSN 0029-8549РУБ Ecology

Аннотация: Larches (Larix spp.), deciduous conifers, occur in the northern hemisphere in cold-temperate and boreal climates - an environment normally thought to favor ever-green tree species. We compare foliar carbon isotope discrimination (Delta), instantaneous water use efficiency, total foliar nitrogen concentration, and specific leaf area (for a subset of sites) between Larix spp. and co-occurring evergreen conifers at 20 sites throughout the natural range of larches. Except for Larix occidentalis in the xeric Intermountain West, USA, Delta is significantly (P < 0.05) greater for larches than co-occurring evergreen conifers at 77% of the sites, suggesting that larches use water less efficiently. At elevations greater than 3000 m, the Delta of Lar ix-spp. and co-occurring conifers converge, suggesting that water is not the limiting resource. Foliar nitrogen concentration and specific leaf area are two ecophysiological characteristics that are positively correlated with high photosynthetic capacity. Foliar nitrogen concentration is significantly greater for larches than evergreen conifers at 88% of the sites and specific leaf area is approximately three times greater for larches than co-occurring conifers. Future studies should examine the potential effect that global warming may have on the distribution of larch forests because the water use efficiency of larches is commonly less than cooccurring evergreen conifers and the boreal and high-latitude environments are likely to experience the greatest climate warming.

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Держатели документа:
Univ Wisconsin, Dept Forest Ecol & Management, Madison, WI 53706 USA
Univ Wisconsin, Dept Chem, Madison, WI 53706 USA
Russian Acad Sci, Sukachev Forest Inst, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia

Доп.точки доступа:
Kloeppel, B.D.; Gower, S.T.; Treichel, I.W.; Kharuk, S...

[Text] / A. G. Bunn [et al.] // Environ. Res. Lett. - 2013. - Vol. 8, Is. 3. - Ст. 35034, DOI 10.1088/1748-9326/8/3/035034. - Cited References: 36. - We thank the Northern Eurasian Earth Science Partnership Initiative for support via a grant from NASA-LCLUC-NEESPI (NNX09AK58G) to MKH and AGB and from NSF 0612341 and NSF 1044417 to AGB. VVS was supported by the Fulbright Scholar Program. Figure 1 was produced by Randal Bernhardt of the WWU Geography Department. . - 8. - ISSN 1748-9326РУБ Environmental Sciences + Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences

Аннотация: Different methods have been developed for measuring carbon stocks and fluxes in the northern high latitudes, ranging from intensively measured small plots to space-based methods that use reflectance data to drive production efficiency models. The field of dendroecology has used samples of tree growth from radial increments to quantify long-term variability in ecosystem productivity, but these have very limited spatial domains. Since the cambium material in tree cores is itself a product of photosynthesis in the canopy, it would be ideal to link these two approaches. We examine the associations between the normalized differenced vegetation index (NDVI) and tree growth using 19 pairs of tree-ring widths (TRW) and maximum latewood density (MXD) across much of Siberia. We find consistent correlations between NDVI and both measures of tree growth and no systematic difference between MXD and TRW. At the regional level we note strong correspondence between the first principal component of tree growth and NDVI for MXD and TRW in a temperature-limited bioregion, indicating that canopy reflectance and cambial production are broadly linked. Using a network of 21 TRW chronologies from south of Lake Baikal, we find a similarly strong regional correspondence with NDVI in a markedly drier region. We show that tree growth is dominated by variation at decadal and multidecadal time periods, which the satellite record is incapable of recording given its relatively short record.

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Держатели документа:
[Bunn, Andrew G.] Western Washington Univ, Dept Environm Sci, Huxley Coll, Bellingham, WA 98225 USA
[Hughes, Malcolm K.
Losleben, Mark] Univ Arizona, Tree Ring Res Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA
[Kirdyanov, Alexander V.] VN Sukachev Inst Forest SB RAS, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
[Shishov, Vladimir V.
Vaganov, Eugene A.] Siberian Fed Univ, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
[Berner, Logan T.] Woods Hole Res Ctr, Falmouth, MA USA
[Oltchev, Alexander] RAS, Severtsov Inst Ecol & Evolut, Moscow 117901, Russia

Доп.точки доступа:
Bunn, A.G.; Hughes, M.K.; Kirdyanov, Alexander V.; Кирдянов, Александр Викторович; Losleben, M.; Shishov, V.V.; Berner, L.T.; Oltchev, A.; Vaganov, E.A.; Northern Eurasian Earth Science Partnership Initiative via NASA-LCLUC-NEESPI [NNX09AK58G]; NSF [0612341, 1044417]; Fulbright Scholar Program

[Text] / A. . Shevyrnogov [et al.] // Adv. Space Res. - 2008. - Vol. 41, Is. 1. - P36-40, DOI 10.1016/j.asr.2007.02.008. - Cited References: 7 . - 5. - ISSN 0273-1177РУБ Astronomy & Astrophysics + Geosciences, Multidisciplinary + Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences

Аннотация: The paper shows the efficiency of an application of the vegetation index image time series to determine long-term vegetation dynamics. The influence of large industrial centers of Siberia on the near-by vegetation is demonstrated. The analysis of the data shows that the influence of industrial waste is stronger in the Siberian North. These regions are characterized by critical conditions for vegetation existence. In the south of the Krasnoyarsk region, human impact is also important, but the possibility of vegetation self-rehabilitation is higher. The present-day economic situation in Russia is unique, with a temporary abrupt fall of industrial production and its following increase. Thus, we managed to analyze the degree of human impact on the environment within a relatively short-time interval. (C) 2007 Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of COSPAR.

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Держатели документа:
[Shevyrnogov, A.
Vysotskaya, G.
Tchernetsky, M.] Inst Biophys SB RAS, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Akademgorodak, Russia
[Vysotskaya, G.] Inst Computat Modeling SB RAS, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Akademgorodak, Russia
[Sukhinin, A.] Inst Forest SB RAS, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Akademgorodak, Russia
[Frolikova, O.] CC Krasnoyarskgeophys, Krasnoyarsk 660022, St Partizana Zh, Russia

Доп.точки доступа:
Shevyrnogov, A...; Vysotskaya, G...; Sukhinin, A...; Frolikova, O...; Tchernetsky, M...

[Text] / M. . Slot [et al.] // Tree Physiol. - 2005. - Vol. 25, Is. 9. - P1139-1150. - Cited References: 37 . - 12. - ISSN 0829-318XРУБ Forestry

Аннотация: Regeneration patterns of Pinus sylvestris L. juveniles in central Siberian glades were studied in relation to cold-induced photoinhibition. Spatial distribution of seedlings in different height classes revealed higher seedling densities beneath the canopy than beyond the canopy, and significantly higher densities of seedlings < 50 cm tall on the north side of the trees. These patterns coincided with differences in light conditions. Compared with plants on the north side of canopy trees (north-exposed), photosynthetic photon flux (PPF) received by plants on the south side of canopy trees (south-exposed) was always higher, making south-exposed plants more susceptible to photoinhibition, especially on cool mornings. Chlorophyll fluorescence data revealed lower photochemical efficiency and increased non-photochemical quenching of small (20-50 cm in height), south-exposed seedlings from spring to early autumn, indicating increased excitation pressure on photosynthesis. Maximum rate of oxygen evolution was less in south-exposed plants than in north-exposed plants. Increased pools of xanthophyll cycle pigments and formation of the photoprotective zeaxanthin provided further evidence for the higher susceptibility to photoinhibition of south-exposed seedlings. A linear mixed model analysis explained many of the physiological differences observed in seedlings according to height class and aspect with early morning temperature and PPF as predictors. The link between photoinhibition and differential distribution of seedlings by height class suggests that photoinhibition, together with other environmental stresses, decreases the survival of small, south-exposed P sylvestris seedlings, thereby significantly affecting the regeneration pattern of central Siberian pine glades.

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Держатели документа:
Univ Wageningen & Res Ctr, Forest Ecol & Forest Management Grp, NL-6700 AH Wageningen, Netherlands
Princeton Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA
Russian Acad Sci, Inst Forest, Siberian Branch, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia
Max Planck Inst Biogeochem, D-07745 Jena, Germany

Доп.точки доступа:
Slot, M...; Wirth, C...; Schumacher, J...; Mohren, GMJ; Shibistova, O...; Lloyd, J...; Ensminger, I...

[Text] / I. . Ensminger [et al.] // Glob. Change Biol. - 2004. - Vol. 10, Is. 6. - P995-1008, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2004.00781.x. - Cited References: 57 . - 14. - ISSN 1354-1013РУБ Biodiversity Conservation + Ecology + Environmental Sciences

Аннотация: During winter and early spring, evergreen boreal conifers are severely stressed because light energy cannot be used when photosynthesis is pre-empted by low ambient temperatures. To study photosynthetic performance dynamics in a severe boreal climate, seasonal changes in photosynthetic pigments, chloroplast proteins and photochemical efficiency were studied in a Scots pine forest near Zotino, Central Siberia. In winter, downregulation of photosynthesis involved loss of chlorophylls, a twofold increase in xanthophyll cycle pigments and sustained high levels of the light stress-induced zeaxanthin pigment. The highest levels of xanthophylls and zeaxanthin did not occur during the coldest winter period, but rather in April when light was increasing, indicating an increased capacity for thermal dissipation of excitation energy at that time. Concomitantly, in early spring the D1 protein of the photosystem II (PSII) reaction centre and the light-harvesting complex of PSII dropped to their lowest annual levels. In April and May, recovery of PSII activity, chloroplast protein synthesis and rearrangements of pigments were observed as air temperatures increased above 0degreesC. Nevertheless, severe intermittent low-temperature episodes during this period not only halted but actually reversed the physiological recovery. During these spring low-temperature episodes, protective processes involved a complementary function of the PsbS and early light-induced protein thylakoid proteins. Full recovery of photosynthesis did not occur until the end of May. Our results show that even after winter cold hardening, photosynthetic activity in evergreens responds opportunistically to environmental change throughout the cold season. Therefore, climate change effects potentially improve the sink capacity of boreal forests for atmospheric carbon. However, earlier photosynthesis in spring in response to warmer temperatures is strongly constrained by environmental variation, counteracting the positive effects of an early recovery process.

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Max Planck Inst Biogeochem, D-07701 Jena, Germany
Umea Univ, Dept Plant Physiol, S-90187 Umea, Sweden
Mt Allison Univ, Sackville, NB E4L 1G7, Canada
Umea Univ, Dept Biochem, S-90187 Umea, Sweden
Russian Acad Sci, Inst Forest, Siberian Branch, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia

Доп.точки доступа:
Ensminger, I...; Sveshnikov, D...; Campbell, D.A.; Funk, C...; Jansson, S...; Lloyd, J...; Shibistova, O...; Oquist, G...

[Текст] / N. I. Kirichenko, Y. N. Baranchikov // Zool. Zhurnal. - 2004. - Vol. 83, Is. 1. - С. 54-60. - Cited References: 21 . - 7. - ISSN 0044-5134РУБ Zoology

Аннотация: The optimal density of larvae in Siberian moth (Dendrolimus superans sibiricus) kept in chambers varied in ontogenesis: the larvae living in grups predominated in the I-st-IVth instars, whereas those living alone, in the VIth instar. The critical moment equalizing feeding and growth parameters in single larvae and those grown in groups was observed in the V-th instar. The larval aggregation favored the survival rate in the I-st-IIIrd instars and the developmental intensity in the IIIth-IVth instars due to the higher efficiency of using food (ingested and digested) for growth. The relative growth rate and digestibility of food did not depend on the density of larval populations. The effects of density on feeding and growth parameters, as well as on the survival rate, were displayed even when three larvae were kept in one chamber. The increase of the number of larvae up to 20 did not change these effects.

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Держатели документа:
Russian Acad Sci, Siberian Div, Inst Forestry, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia

Доп.точки доступа:
Kirichenko, N.I.; Baranchikov, Y.N.

[Текст] / Y. N. Baranchikov, N. I. Kirichenko // Zool. Zhurnal. - 2002. - Vol. 81, Is. 11. - С. 1345-1349. - Cited References: 27 . - 5. - ISSN 0044-5134РУБ Zoology

Аннотация: The importance of summer diapause in Siberian moth larvae in the intrapopulation synchronization of hatching imago is estimated. The larval stage becomes longer due to reducing food consumption and efficiency of its utilization by larvae, despite favorable conditions of their development. The summer diapause in larvae of the IVth instar increases the developmental period up to 3 weeks and lowers significantly a relative rate of food consumption as compared to the control specimens. The diapausing larvae digested food by 20% less than the control ones. The efficiency of using the food for the growth of insects was 2 times lower. As a result, the relative growth rate in the diapausing larvae has reduced by 8 times (0.009 vs. 0.073 mg/mg per day).

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Держатели документа:
Russian Acad Sci, Siberian Div, Inst Forestry, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia

Доп.точки доступа:
Baranchikov, Y.N.; Kirichenko, N.I.

[Text] / E. A. Vaganov [et al.] // Oecologia. - 2009. - Vol. 161, Is. 4. - P729-745, DOI 10.1007/s00442-009-1421-y. - Cited References: 72. - This work was supported by Alexander von Humboldt (Research Award 2003 for E. Vaganov) and the Russian Foundation of Basic Research (RFBR-05-04-48069). We thank Alessandro Cescatti, Leonardo Montagnani, Stefano Minerbi and Claudio Mutinelli for providing the climate and nitrogen data for Renon, Sune Linder for dendrometer data, and Anders Lindroth for eddy flux data of the Flakaliden site. We thank Gerd Gleixner for discussion of this manuscript. We also like to thank Annett Boerner for the artwork and Jens Schumacher for advice on statistical analyses. . - 17. - ISSN 0029-8549РУБ Ecology

Аннотация: Tree-ring width, wood density, anatomical structure and C-13/C-12 ratios expressed as delta C-13-values of whole wood of Picea abies were investigated for trees growing in closed canopy forest stands. Samples were collected from the alpine Renon site in North Italy, the lowland Hainich site in Central Germany and the boreal Flakaliden site in North Sweden. In addition, Pinus cembra was studied at the alpine site and Pinus sylvestris at the boreal site. The density profiles of tree rings were measured using the DENDRO-2003 densitometer, delta C-13 was measured using high-resolution laser-ablation-combustion-gas chromatography-infra-red mass spectrometry and anatomical characteristics of tree rings (tracheid diameter, cell-wall thickness, cell-wall area and cell-lumen area) were measured using an image analyzer. Based on long-term statistics, climatic variables, such as temperature, precipitation, solar radiation and vapor pressure deficit, explained < 20% of the variation in tree-ring width and wood density over consecutive years, while 29-58% of the variation in tree-ring width were explained by autocorrelation between tree rings. An intensive study of tree rings between 1999 and 2003 revealed that tree ring width and delta C-13-values of whole wood were significantly correlated with length of the growing season, net radiation and vapor pressure deficit. The delta C-13-values were not correlated with precipitation or temperature. A highly significant correlation was also found between delta C-13 of the early wood of one year and the late wood of the previous year, indicating a carry-over effect of the growing conditions of the previous season on current wood production. This latter effect may explain the high autocorrelation of long-term tree-ring statistics. The pattern, however, was complex, showing stepwise decreases as well as stepwise increases in the delta C-13 between late wood and early wood. The results are interpreted in the context of the biochemistry of wood formation and its linkage to storage products. It is clear that the relations between delta C-13 and tree-ring width and climate are multi-factorial in seasonal climates.

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Держатели документа:
[Schulze, Ernst-Detlef
Brand, Willi A.
Roscher, Christiane] Max Planck Inst Biogeochem, D-07701 Jena, Germany
[Vaganov, Eugene A.
Skomarkova, Marina V.] RAS, Inst Forest SB, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia
[Knohl, Alexander] ETH, Dept Plant Sci, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland

Доп.точки доступа:
Vaganov, E.A.; Schulze, E.D.; Skomarkova, M.V.; Knohl, A...; Brand, W.A.; Roscher, C...; Alexander von Humboldt; Russian Foundation of Basic Research [RFBR-05-04-48069]

[Text] / D. L. Grodnitsky // Evolution. - 1995. - Vol. 49, Is. 6. - P1158-1162, DOI 10.2307/2410440. - Cited References: 39 . - 5. - ISSN 0014-3820РУБ Ecology + Evolutionary Biology + Genetics & Heredity

Аннотация: Classification of the main types of insect in-flight kinematics is proposed here, based on comparative data of wing movement during flapping flight. By comparing the described kinematic patterns with the results of studies of the vortex-wake structures of flying insects, these patterns can be explained as adaptations for overcoming the negative effects of mutual deceleration of fore- and hind wing starting vortex bubbles, which take place in insects with the most primitive type of wing kinematics. The aerodynamic efficiency of the flying system can be decreased if natural selection favors behavioral patterns that involve suboptimal wing kinematics.


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Grodnitsky, D.L.

[] / C. -H. Cheng [et al.] // Org. Geochem. - 2014. - Vol. 70. - P53-61, DOI 10.1016/j.orggeochem.2014.02.013 . - ISSN 0146-6380
Аннотация: Amending soil with black carbon (BC) can change the sorption properties of the soil. However, there is some concern based on studies that deal with newly produced BC and barely consider the possible changes in sorption properties for BC after being amended in soil. This study uses newly produced BC and historical BC samples, along with soils containing high levels of historical BC and adjacent soils without visible BC, to compare their diuron, atrazine and Cu2+ sorption properties. Compared with newly produced BC, historical BC exhibited reduced (56-91%) sorption capacity for diuron and atrazine but 2-5 times enhanced sorption capacity of Cu2+. These changes in sorption properties can be interpreted via the formation of surface functional groups in BC. Whereas the sorption capacity for diuron and atrazine was reduced with historical BC, the sorption capacity of BC-containing soils was higher than for the adjacent soils, indicating that BC possessed stronger sorption capacity than non-BC material. A biological assay revealed reduced herbicide efficiency for the newly produced BC, and even the historical BC still exerted an influence on reducing herbicide efficiency. Along with its recalcitrance in environments, BC has a significant long term effect on the toxicity of contaminants and soil fertility. © 2014 Elsevier Ltd.

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Держатели документа:
School of Forestry and Resource Conservation, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, United States
National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
Institute of Forest SB RAS, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russian Federation
Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute, Taichung 413, Taiwan

Доп.точки доступа:
Cheng, C.-H.; Lin, T.-P.; Lehmann, J.; Fang, L.-J.; Yang, Y.-W.; Menyailo, O.V.; Chang, K.-H.; Lai, J.-S.

[Text] / D. V. Yashunsky [et al.] // Russ. Chem. Bull. - 2015. - Vol. 63, Is. 11. - P2571-2576, DOI 10.1007/s11172-014-0780-7. - Cited References:18. - This work was financially supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (Project No. 14-33-00022). . - ISSN 1066-5285. - ISSN 1573-9171РУБ Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Аннотация: Productive efficiency of technology of polysaccharide and lignin manufacturing from wood raw materials can be significantly improved by integration of purification stages of low molecular weight wood components widely used in applied chemistry into the technological cycle. In this connection, phenols including lignans and flavonoids, which have a practical application potential, are of a special interest. In the present work the results of a study of the content of (-)-secoisolariciresinol, dihydroquercetin and related polyphenols in different morphological parts and anatomical structures of larch wood from the Siberia are analyzed. Analysis of the content of the listed products by reversed-phase HPLC provides the selection of optimal raw material for organizing the manufacture of the listed compounds with predictable efficiency. Increased content of (-)-secoisolariciresinol (up to 3-4%) observed in wood of the trunk knot areas of larch from Khakassia evidences the prospects of raw material processing in this region for production of (-)-secoisolariciresinol from the wastes of larch wood refinery.

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Держатели документа:
Russian Acad Sci, ND Zelinsky Inst Organ Chem, Moscow 119991, Russia.
VN Orekhovich Inst Biomed Chem, Moscow 119121, Russia.
D Mendeleev Univ Chem Technol Russia, Moscow 125047, Russia.
Closed Joint Stock Co BioKhimMak ST, Moscow 119234, Russia.
Russian Acad Sci, VN Sukachev Forest Inst, Siberian Branch, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia.
Ufa State Aviat Tech Univ, Ufa 450000, Russia.

Доп.точки доступа:
Yashunsky, D. V.; Men'shov, V. M.; Tsvetkov, D. E.; Tsvetkov, Yu. E.; Bel'ko, A. A.; Vasiyarov, G. G.; Titova, E. V.; Pimenov, A. V.; Onuchin, A. A.; Dokichev, V. A.; Tomilov, Yu. V.; Nifantiev, N. E.; Russian Foundation for Basic Research [14-33-00022]

/ E. I. Ponomarev, V. Ivanov, N. Korshunov // Wildfire Hazards, Risks, and Disasters . - 2014. - P187-205, DOI 10.1016/B978-0-12-410434-1.00010-5 . - ISBN 9780124096011 (ISBN); 9780124104341 (ISBN)
Аннотация: Wildfire is one of the main natural disturbances in Russian forests, with some 2-17. million hectares being burned annually. The trend of large-scale wildfires, with areas burnt exceeding 2,000. ha, having increased over recent years, is making significant contributions to atmospheric emissions that contribute to climate change, and highlights the need for and complexity of fire risk management and monitoring. The challenges faced in monitoring and risk management can be understood in relation to the natural conditions of forest environments in Russia. Given the vast nature of the geographical area to be managed, satellite techniques are the primary means for wildfire monitoring in most part of the boreal forest zone of Russia. This increases both the efficiency of wildfire detection and the capacity to obtain information on wildfire attributes. The chapter then proceeds to discuss how the scale and remoteness of much wildfire activity, a lack of transport routes, and low density of population in northern regions of Siberia results in a high level of burn and a significant number of extreme large-scale wildfires annually. The chapter also discusses how fire risk management must accommodate the modern state politics in forestry, climate change, and the growing anthropogenic impact on fire risk. © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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Держатели документа:
V.N. Sukachev Institute of Forest, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Akademgorodok, Krasnoyarsk, Russian Federation
Siberian Federal University, pr. Svobodnyi, Krasnoyarsk, Russian Federation
Siberian State Technological University, pr. Mira, Krasnoyarsk, Russian Federation
Russian Institute of Continuous Education in Forestry, Pushkino, Moscow obl., Russian Federation

Доп.точки доступа:
Ponomarev, E.I.; Ivanov, V.; Korshunov, N.

[Text] / L. A. Diemer [et al.] // Freshw. Sci. - 2015. - Vol. 34, Is. 4. - P1443-1456, DOI 10.1086/683481. - Cited References:63. - We thank the Russian and American researchers and volunteers and the University of New Hampshire (UNH) Water Quality Analysis Laboratory technicians for their assistance in the field and laboratory. Special thanks to Alison Appling, Wilfred Wollheim, Jody Potter, and 2 anonymous referees for their suggestions on the manuscript. This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship Program under Grant No. 147640. We also acknowledge the research support of the Russian Fund for Basic Research No. 14-05-00420 and the Russian Ministry of Education No. 14.B25.31.0031. This research was taken from a thesis submitted to the Graduate School at the University of New Hampshire as part of the requirements for completion of a MS degree (Diemer 2014). . - ISSN 2161-9549. - ISSN 2161-9565РУБ Ecology + Marine & Freshwater Biology

Аннотация: Fire can transform the boreal forest landscape, thereby leading to potential changes in the loading of organic matter and nutrients to receiving streams and in the retention or transformation of these inputs within the drainage network. We used the Tracer Additions for Spiraling Curve Characterization (TASCC) method to conduct 17 nutrient-addition experiments (9 single additions of NO3- and 8 combined additions of NH4+ and PO43-) in 5 boreal headwater streams underlain by continuous permafrost and draining watersheds with a range of burn histories (4->100 y since last burn) in the Nizhnyaya Tunguska River watershed in Central Siberia. Hydrology, ambient nutrient concentration, and the ratio of dissolved organic C (DOC) to nutrients drove rates of nutrient uptake in the streams. Nutrients were taken up with greater efficiency and magnitude under conditions with high flow and reduced diffusive boundary layer (DBL), regardless of watershed burn history. Ambient molar ratio of DOC: PO43- explained some variation in ambient uptake velocity (upsilon(f)) for NH4+ and PO43-. We also observed tight coupling between ambient rates of NH4+ and PO43- uptake across the watershed burn-history gradient. These data suggest that fire-driven changes in stream chemistry may alter N and P retention and subsequent export of materials to downstream receiving waters. Climate change is likely to enhance the frequency and intensity of boreal forest fires and alter the extent of permafrost. Therefore, understanding the interactions among C, N, and P in these Arctic systems has important implications for global biogeochemical cycling.

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Держатели документа:
Univ New Hampshire, Dept Nat Resources, Durham, NH 03824 USA.
Russian Acad Sci, Siberian Branch, VN Sukachev Inst Forest, Krasnoyarsk, Russia.

Доп.точки доступа:
Diemer, Laura A.; McDowell, William H.; Wymore, Adam S.; Prokushkin, Anatoly S.; National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship Program [147640]; Russian Fund for Basic Research [14-05-00420]; Russian Ministry of Education [14.B25.31.0031]

/ I. P. Panyushkina [et al.] // Tree-Ring Res. - 2016. - Vol. 72, Is. 2. - P67-77, DOI 10.3959/1536-1098-72.02.67 . - ISSN 1536-1098
Аннотация: The biogeochemistry and ecology of the Arctic environment have been heavily impacted by anthropogenic pollution and climate change. We used ICP-MS to measure concentrations of 26 elements in the AD 1300-2000 tree rings of larch from the Taymyr Peninsula in northern Siberia for studying the interaction between environmental change and wood chemistry. We applied a two-stage data reduction technique to identify trends in the noisy measurement data. Statistical assessment of variance of normalized time series reveals pronounced depletion of xylem Ca, Mg, Cl, Bi and Si concentrations and enrichment of P, K, Mn, Rb, Sr and Ba concentrations after ca. AD 1900. The trends are unprecedented in the 700-year records, but multiple mechanisms may be at work and difficult to attribute with certainty. The declining xylem Ca and Mg may be a response to soil acidification from air pollution, whereas increasing P, K, and Mn concentrations may signal changes in root efficiency and excess water-soluble minerals liberated by the permafrost thaw. The changes seem consistent with mounting stress on Arctic vegetation. This study supports the potential of tree rings for monitoring past and ongoing changes in biogeochemistry of Arctic ecosystems related to pollution and permafrost thaw. © 2016 by The Tree-Ring Society.

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Держатели документа:
Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research, University of Arizona, 1215 E. Lowell St., Tucson, AZ, United States
Siberian Federal University, 79 Svobodniy Ave., Krasnoyarsk, Russian Federation
Institute of Geography, 29 Staromonetniy Pereulok, Moscow, Russian Federation
Sukachev Institute of Forest SB RAS, Akademgorodok, Krasnoyarsk, Russian Federation
Limnological Institute SB RAS, 3 Ulan-Batorskaya St., Irkutsk, Russian Federation

Доп.точки доступа:
Panyushkina, I. P.; Shishov, V. V.; Grachev, A. M.; Knorre, A. A.; Kirdyanov, A. V.; Leavitt, S. W.; Vaganov, E. A.; Chebykin, E. P.; Zhuchenko, N. A.; Hughes, M. K.

[Text] / O. V. Churakova [et al.] // Tree Physiol. - 2016. - Vol. 36, Is. 8. - P942-953, DOI 10.1093/treephys/tpw060. - Cited References:42. - This work was supported by the Swiss National Science Foundation, Marie-Heim Voegtlin Programme PMPD2-145507 granted to O.V.C and COST-action FP1106 (SBF C12.0093) granted to M.S. . - ISSN 0829-318X. - ISSN 1758-4469РУБ Forestry

Аннотация: We aim to achieve a mechanistic understanding of the eco-physiological processes in Larix decidua and Pinus mugo var. uncinata growing on north- and south-facing aspects in the Swiss National Park in order to distinguish the short- and long-term effects of a changing climate. To strengthen the interpretation of the delta O-18 signal in tree rings and its coherence with the main factors and processes driving evaporative-delta O-18 needle water enrichment, we analyzed the delta O-18 in needle, xylem and soil water over the growing season in 2013 and applied the mechanistic Craig-Gordon model (1965) for the short-term responses. We found that delta O-18 needle water strongly reflected the variability of relative humidity mainly for larch, while only delta O-18 in pine xylem water showed a strong link to delta O-18 in precipitation. Larger differences in offsets between modeled and measured delta O-18 needle water for both species from the south-facing aspects were detected, which could be explained by the high transpiration rates. Different soil water and needle water responses for the two species indicate different water-use strategies, further modulated by the site conditions. To reveal the long-term physiological response of the studied trees to recent and past climate changes, we analyzed delta C-13 and delta O-18 in wood chronologies from 1900 to 2013. Summer temperatures as well as summer and annual amount of precipitations are important factors for growth of both studied species from both aspects. However, mountain pine trees reduced sensitivity to temperature changes, while precipitation changes come to play an important role for the period from 1980 to 2013. Intrinsic water-use efficiency (WUEi) calculated for larch trees since the 1990s reached a saturation point at elevated CO2. Divergent trends between pine WUEi and delta O-18 are most likely indicative of a decline of mountain pine trees and are also reflected in decoupling mechanisms in the isotope signals between needles and tree-rings.

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Держатели документа:
ETH, Inst Terr Ecosyst, Forest Ecol, Dept Environm Syst Sci, Univ Str 16, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland.
Paul Scherrer Inst, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland.
Univ Bern, Inst Geol Sci, Dendrolab Ch, Balzerstr 1 3, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland.
SB RAS, VN Sukachev Inst Forest, Akademgorodok 660036, Russia.
Siberian Fed Univ, 79 Svobodny Pr, Krasnoyarsk 660041, Russia.

Доп.точки доступа:
Churakova, O. V.; Saurer, Matthias; Bryukhanova, Marina V.; Siegwolf, Rolf T. W.; Bigler, Christof; Swiss National Science Foundation; Marie-Heim Voegtlin Programme [PMPD2-145507]; COST-action [FP1106 (SBF C12.0093)]