Труды сотрудников ИЛ им. В.Н. Сукачева СО РАН

: материалы временных коллективов / G. F. Antonova, T. N. Varaksina, V. V. Stasova // Eurasian Journal of Forest Research. - 2007. - Vol. 10-2. - С. 149-161. - Библиогр. в конце ст.
Аннотация: The rate of lignin deposition, its content and composition, and molecular weight distribution of different stages of secondary wall thickening during tracheid development of both earlywood and latewood in Siberian larch (Larix sibirica Ldb.) were studied in the stems of 25-year-old trees. The cells of early and late xylem at different stages of secondary wall development were obtaint in late June and early in August, respectively. Lignification of the two types of wood was found to involve different dynamics. The intensity of lignin synthesis during earlywood formation increases gradually, reaching the maximum at the last stage of tracheid maturation. In contrast, lignin deposition in the course of latewood development is the highest only in the first stage of lignification and declines by the end of tracheid maturation. There were differences in the composition of alkaline oxidation products of lignin preparations at different development stages of early and late xylem. The amount of cell wall substances deposited before lignification in earlywood is larger than that in latewood.

Держатели документа:
Институт леса им. В.Н. Сукачева Сибирского отделения Российской академии наук : 660036, Красноярск, Академгородок, 50, стр., 28

Доп.точки доступа:
Varaksina, Tamara Nikonorovna; Вараксина, Тамара Никоноровна; Stasova, Victoria Victorovna; Стасова, Виктория Викторовна; Антонова, Галина Феодосиевна
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/ G. F. Antonova [et al.] // Russ. J. Dev. Biol. - 2012. - Vol. 43, Is. 4. - P199-208, DOI 10.1134/S1062360412040029. - Cited References: 51. - This work was supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research, project no. 06-04-49501. . - 10. - ISSN 1062-3604РУБ Developmental Biology

Аннотация: The content and fractional composition of alcohol soluble phenolic acids (PhA) in cells with different degree maturation and lignification in the course of early and late wood formation in the pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) stem during vegetation were studied. Phenolic compounds (PhC), extracted by 80% ethanol, were divided into free and bound fractions of PhA. In turn, the esters and ethers were isolated from bound PhA. The contents of all substances were calculated per dry weight and per cell. Considerable differences have been found to exist in both the contents and the composition of the fractions PhA on successive stages of tracheid maturation of early and late xylem. Early wood tracheids at all secondary wall thickening steps contained PhC less and free PhA more than late wood tracheids. Throughout earlywood tracheid maturation, the pool of free PhA per cell declined at the beginning of lignification and then increased gradually while that of bound PhA decreased. The maturation of late wood tracheids were accompanied by the rise of free PhA pool and the diminution of bound PhA pool. In the composition of bound PhA, the ethers were always dominant, and the amount of that in earlywood cells was less than in latewood cells. The cells of early xylem at all steps of maturation contained more of esters. The sum total of free hydroxycinnamic acids, precursors of monolignols, gradually decreased during early xylem lignification as the result of the reduction of the pools of p-coumaric, caffeic, ferulic and synapic acids, while that of their esters rised. In the course of late xylem lignification, the pools of free p-coumaric, ferulic and, especially, synapic acids increased. Simultaneously, the amount of ferulic acid ester and synapic acid ether increased too. According to the data, lignin biosynthesis in early xylem and late xylem occurs with different dynamics and the structure of lignins of two xylem types might be different too.

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Держатели документа:
[Antonova, G. F.
Varaksina, T. N.
Zheleznichenko, T. V.
Stasova, V. V.] Russian Acad Sci, Siberian Branch, Sukachev Inst Forest, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia

Доп.точки доступа:
Antonova, G.F.; Varaksina, T.N.; Zheleznichenko, T.V.; Stasova, V.V.

[Text] / G. G. Polyakova, V. V. Stasova, N. V. Pashenova // Russ. J. Plant Physiol. - 2011. - Vol. 58, Is. 5. - P819-827, DOI 10.1134/S1021443711050177. - Cited References: 23. - This work was supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research, project no. 09-04-09030. . - 9. - ISSN 1021-4437РУБ Plant Sciences

Аннотация: Ophiostomatoid fungi colonize the conducting tissues of conifer stems, the phloem and the xylem. These pathogenic fungi penetrate into the stem through injuries made by xylophagous insects vectoring these pathogens. In this study the response of the phloem of Scotch pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) to wounding (treatment 1) was compared with the response to wounding combined with application of high-molecular-weight compounds isolated from the mycelium of the ophiostomatoid fungus Ceratocystis laricicola Redfern & Minter (treatment 2). Both treatments induced the appearance of necrosis in the inner bark, the formation of periderm separating living and dead tissues, and formation of the callus alongside the wound perimeter. In addition, the bark accumulated lignin, bound proanthocyanidins, and resins, with a parallel decrease in the content of free proanthocyanidins, low-molecular-weight carbohydrates, and non-lignin components of the cell wall (P > 0.95). The size of necrotic spots, as well as changes in the content of most substances, were significantly higher in the treatment 2 than in the treatment 1 (P > 0.95). The accumulation of lignin in cell walls of phloem sieve cells was delayed in the treatment 2 as compared with that in the treatment 1. This suggested that the mycelial extract temporarily inhibited lignification at the early stage of the wound response. This disturbance of the cell wall protective transformation led to the hypothesis that the fungal suppressors retard the repair of inner bark injured by insects, thereby favoring the invasion of conifer tissues by ophiostomatoid fungi.

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Держатели документа:
[Polyakova, G. G.
Stasova, V. V.
Pashenova, N. V.] Russian Acad Sci, Sukachev Inst Forest, Siberian Branch, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia

Доп.точки доступа:
Polyakova, G.G.; Stasova, V.V.; Pashenova, N.V.

[Text] / O. A. Shapchenkova, A. A. Aniskina, S. R. Loskutov // Eurasian Soil Sci. - 2011. - Vol. 44, Is. 4. - P399-406, DOI 10.1134/S1064229311040090. - Cited References: 29. - This work was supported by Integration Project no. 23 (1.3) of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Succession Changes in the Biodiversity in Technogenically Disturbed Ecosystems of Siberia). . - 8. - ISSN 1064-2293РУБ Soil Science

Аннотация: The thermal degradation of organic matter was studied in cryogenic soils with methods of thermal analysis: differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetry (DSC and TG, respectively). The DSC curves of most of the samples within the temperature range from 221-247A degrees C to 600A degrees C were characterized by the presence of one wide exothermic peak (at 311-373A degrees C) with a shoulder (or without it) on the descending branch at a temperature of about 400A degrees C. This was connected mostly with the destruction of thermolabile compounds (oligo- and polysaccharides) and with the oxidation of low-aromatic complexes of plant residues and humus substances. Two exothermic peaks at 337-373A degrees C and 448-492A degrees C were found for some samples from the organic horizons. The high-temperature peaks were caused by the thermal destruction of lignin. The fraction of the thermolabile organic matter of the soil (237-261aEuro broken vertical bar 331-377A degrees C) reached 59-73% in the organic and 52-59% in the organomineral and mineral horizons.

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Держатели документа:
[Shapchenkova, O. A.
Aniskina, A. A.
Loskutov, S. R.] Russian Acad Sci, Sukachev Inst Forestry, Siberian Branch, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia

Доп.точки доступа:
Shapchenkova, O.A.; Aniskina, A.A.; Loskutov, S.R.

[Text] / G. G. Polyakova [et al.] // Russ. J. Plant Physiol. - 2008. - Vol. 55, Is. 4. - P496-502, DOI 10.1134/S1021443708040109. - Cited References: 25 . - 7. - ISSN 1021-4437РУБ Plant Sciences

Аннотация: The elicitor activity of compounds extracted from the mycelia of six species of phytopathogenic fungi was assessed from the sizes of necrotic lesions on the external surface of the living trunk phloem of five coniferous species inhabiting Siberia: Siberian larch (Larix sibirica L.), Scotch pine (Pinus sylvestris L.), Siberian spruce (Picea obovata Ledeb.), Siberian fir (Abies sibirica L.), and cedar pine (Pinus sibirica (Rupr.) Mayr.). The compounds for inoculation were extracted from the mycelium of ascomycetes imperfect, and basidium fungi; the living mycelia of these fungi were also used. The fungal extract or mycelium was placed into the hollows 7 mm in diameter in the trunk bark. Infection triggered the formation of hypersensitivity necrotic lesions in the inner bark exceeding in size those appeared after control wounding of four tree species (larch, pine, spruce, and cedar); fir was an exclusion. In experiments with tree trunks and conifer calluses, a dependence of immune response parameters (the sizes of necrotic lesions and the content of lignin and bound proanthocyanidins) on the quantity of the fungal preparation was elucidated. The largest necrotic lesions appeared after injection of 500 mu g of the fungal preparation into the hollow in the trunk, and its higher quantities did not increase the indices measured. The size of the necrotic lesion on the trunk bark is supposed to be used as a promising index characterizing the level of tree immunity and tolerance under various ecological conditions.

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Держатели документа:
[Polyakova, G. G.
Pashenova, N. V.
Polyakov, V. I.
Zrazhevskaya, G. K.] Russian Acad Sci, Sukachev Inst Forestry, Siberian Div, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia

Доп.точки доступа:
Polyakova, G.G.; Pashenova, N.V.; Polyakov, V.I.; Zrazhevskaya, G.K.

[Text] / O. V. Sidorova [et al.] // J. Geophys. Res.-Biogeosci. - 2008. - Vol. 113, Is. G2. - Ст. G02019, DOI 10.1029/2007JG000473. - Cited References: 63 . - 13. - ISSN 0148-0227РУБ Environmental Sciences + Geosciences, Multidisciplinary

Аннотация: We related tree ring width (TRW) and isotopic composition (delta(13)C, delta(18)O) of wood and cellulose from four larch trees (Larix cajanderi Mayr.) to climate parameters. The material was sampled in northeastern Yakutia [70 degrees N-148 degrees E] for the recent (AD 1880-2004) and early Medieval (AD 900-1000) periods. During the recent period June, July, and August air temperatures were positively correlated with delta(13)C and delta(18)O of wood and cellulose, while July precipitation was negatively correlated. Furthermore, the vapor pressure deficit (VPD) of July and August was significantly correlated with delta(13)C of wood and cellulose, but VPD had almost no influence on delta(18)O. Comparative analyses between mean isotope values for the (AD 900-1000) and (AD 1880-2004) periods indicate similar ranges of climatic conditions, with the exception of the period AD 1950-2004. While isotopic ratios in cellulose are reliably related to climatic variables, during some periods those in whole wood showed even stronger relationships. Strong positive correlations between delta(18)O of cellulose and Greenland ice-core (GISP2) data were detected for the beginning of the Medieval period (r = 0.86; p 0.05), indicating the reliability of isotope signals in tree rings for large-scale reconstructions.

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Держатели документа:
[Sidorova, Olga V.
Naurzbaev, Mukhtar M.
Vaganov, Eugene A.] Akademgorodok, VN Sukachev Inst Forest SB RAS, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia
[Siegwolf, Rolf T. W.
Saurer, Matthias] Paul Scherrer Inst, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland
[Vaganov, Eugene A.] Siberian Fed Univ, Krasnoyarsk, Russia

Доп.точки доступа:
Sidorova, O.V.; Siegwolf, RTW; Saurer, M...; Naurzbaev, M.M.; Vaganov, E.A.

[Text] / G. F. Antonova [et al.] // Russ. J. Plant Physiol. - 2005. - Vol. 52, Is. 1. - P83-92, DOI 10.1007/s11183-005-0013-x. - Cited References: 29 . - 10. - ISSN 1021-4437РУБ Plant Sciences

Аннотация: The contents of ascorbic acid (AA) and its oxidized form, dehydroascorbic acid (DHA), were assessed as related to the tracheid differentiation in the course of early and late wood development in the Siberianlarch (Larix sibirica Ldb.) trees. The samples of the cambium, cell enlargement zone and mature cells were collected at the successive developmental stages by scraping tissues off layer by layer from trunk segments of the 20-year-old trees according to anatomical and histochemical criteria. While cambium initials were rapidly dividing, the AA contents per dry weight and per cell considerably exceeded the corresponding values characteristic of the late xylem development; such difference corresponded to the higher number of early tracheids per annual ring, as compared to the late tracheids. The AA content decreased as cells enlarged. The radial growth of the early wood tracheids, as compared to the late wood tracheids, was accompanied with a threefold increase in the AA and a decline in the DHA contents. The AA/DHA ratio was in line with the early tracheid enlargement. The maximum AA content was observed at the early stage of the secondary cell wall thickening in the tracheids of early and late xylem preceding lignification. During this stage of early wood development, the DHA content exceeded sixfold the corresponding value in the late xylem; as a result, the initial rates of lignification were different in two tissues. The rate of lignification in a newly developing layer of the early xylem increased gradually and was the highest in the completely differentiated tracheids. In the late xylem, the lignification rate was at its highest at the very beginning and then declined in the course of tracheid maturation. The dissimilar patterns of lignification in the early and late xylem were primarily associated with the DHA content, which increased in the early xylem and decreased in the maturing late xylem. Thus, the AA content and its accessibility to oxidation in the growing and mature xylem cells exhibited the diverse developmental patterns in the early and late xylem: two tissues differed in the tracheid number and radial diameter as well as in the rate of lignification.

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Держатели документа:
Russian Acad Sci, Sukachev Inst Forestry, Siberian Div, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia

Доп.точки доступа:
Antonova, G.F.; Chaplygina, I.A.; Varaksina, T.N.; Stasova, V.V.

[Text] / I. V. Shein [et al.] // Russ. J. Plant Physiol. - 2003. - Vol. 50, Is. 5. - P634-639, DOI 10.1023/A:1025688023862. - Cited References: 27 . - 6. - ISSN 1021-4437РУБ Plant Sciences

Аннотация: Pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) callus culture was treated with the mycelium extracts from six Fusarium strains. Previously, pine seedlings were infected with a spore suspension in order to test the pathogenicity of the used strains. Callus culture infection resulted in a decrease in the free proanthocyanidin (PA) and an increase in bound PA content. After treating the calli with all strains except F. oxysporum var. orthoceras, the lignin content became lower than the control one. The most considerable changes involved the p-hydroxybenzoic acid (HBA) content, and its greatest change was observed after treating the calli with F. nivale, when the HBA concentration (1229 mug/g, dry wt) exceeded fourfold the control one. There was a positive correlation (R = 0.81) between the HBA content in the callus culture cells treated with a fungal extract and the virulence of Fusarium strains. At the same time, there was an inverse correlation (R = -0.80) between the lignin content in a callus culture and the fungal virulence; the latter did not affect the contents of both free and bound PA.

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Держатели документа:
Russian Acad Sci, Sukachev Inst Forestry, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia
Ctr Forest Def Krasnoyarsk Krai, Krasnoyarsk, Russia

Доп.точки доступа:
Shein, I.V.; Andreeva, O.N.; Polyakova, G.G.; Zrazhevskaya, G.K.

[Text] / I. V. Shein [et al.] // Russ. J. Plant Physiol. - 2001. - Vol. 48, Is. 2. - P216-221, DOI 10.1023/A:1009056201926. - Cited References: 23 . - 6. - ISSN 1021-4437РУБ Plant Sciences

Аннотация: Callus cultures of Siberian larch (Lar ix sibirica Ledeb.) and Siberian spruce (Picea obovata Ledeb.) were used to demonstrate the elicitor activity of two ophiostomatoid fungal species, Ceratocystis laricicola and Ceratocystis polonica, as the pioneer settlers on larch and spruce, respectively. The extract from C. laricicola mycelium stimulated the accumulation of lignin in larch cells by 37% and that of hound proanthocyanidins by 25%. In spruce callus cultures, C. laricicola and C. polonica increased the bound PA content by 25 and 46%, respectively. In the callus cultures of larch and spruce, the addition of extract of C. laricicola increased the concentration of p-hydroxybenzoic acid 13-fold and nearly 4-fold, respectively. The metabolic characteristics of accumulation of phenolic compounds in conifer cells are discussed.

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Держатели документа:
Russian Acad Sci, Sukachev Forest Inst, Siberian Div, Akademgorodok 660036, Krasnoyarsk, Russia

Доп.точки доступа:
Shein, I.V.; Polyakova, G.G.; Zrazhevskaya, G.K.; Pashenova, N.V.; Vetrova, V.P.

[Text] / G. F. Antonova, I. A. Chapligina ; ed.: R Lagana, S Kurjatko, , S Kurjat // WOOD STRUCTURE AND PROPERTIES' 06 : ARBORA PUBLISHERS, 2006. - 5th International Symposium Wood Structure and Properties (SEP 03-06, 2006, Sliac Siehnica, SLOVAKIA). - P25-31. - Cited References: 22 . - 7. - ISBN 978-80-968869-4-4РУБ Materials Science, Paper & Wood

Аннотация: The deposition of cellulose, matrix polysaccharides and lignin during secondary cell wall development of early- and latewood in larch (Larix sibirica Ldb.) were studied using biochemical and histochemical methods. Active tissues at successive stages of secondary cell wall development were sampled from larch trunk and characterized by morphological parameters and the content of cellulose, lignin and matrix hemicelluloses, being the structural base for lignification. Matrix polysaccharides were divided by their solubility in 4 % and 24 % KOH and neutral medium. All data were accounted per dry weight and per cell. The amount of biomass (as cell wall cross-section area) deposited before lignification was more in earlywood tracheids than in latewood ones. In contrast. the amount of cellulose at this stage was more in latewood tracheids. The intensity of cellulose synthesis was the highest at the initial stage of lignin deposition in both earlywood and latewood and then declined towards to mature xylem. The intensity of lignin deposition was the highest at the last stage of secondary cell wall development during earlywood formation and from the outset of latewood lignification, dropping towards mature xylem. The contents of A and B hemicellulose fractions linked or not with cellulose, before and after beginning of lignification were different during earlywood and latewood formation. Before lignin deposition, the content of B-4 fraction in both earlywood and latewood was practically equal as well as of B-24, while the amount of A-4 fraction before lignification of early xylem was two times more than that of latewood. This shows different matrix base for the beginning of lignification. All together can be the reason for different physicochemical properties of two types of wood in larch.

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Держатели документа:
Russian Acad Siences, SB, VN Sukachev Inst Forest, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia

Доп.точки доступа:
Antonova, G.F.; Chapligina, I.A.; Lagana, R \ed.\; Kurjatko, S \ed.\; Kurjat, , S \ed.\

[Text] / L. V. Mukhortova [et al.] // Biol. Bull. - 2009. - Vol. 36, Is. 1. - P58-65, DOI 10.1134/S1062359009010099. - Cited References: 42. - This study was supported by the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation and the Civic Research and Development Foundation, United States (grant RUX0-002-KR-06); the program "Basic Research and Higher Education" (project no. BRHE Y4-B-02-06); the German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD) (grant A/05/05326); and the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (project nos. 06-04-90596-BNTS-a, 07-04-00515-a, and 07-04-00293-a). . - 8. - ISSN 1062-3590РУБ Biology

Аннотация: Changes in the composition of wood organic matter in dead-standing spruce and larch trees depending on the period after their death have been studied in the north of Central Siberia. The period after tree death has been estimated by means of cross-dating. The results show that changes in the composition of wood organic matter in 63% of cases are contingent on tree species. Wood decomposition in dead-standing trees is accompanied by an increase in the contents of alkali-soluble organic compounds. Lignin oxidation in larch begins approximately 80 years after tree death, whereas its transformation in spruce begins not earlier than after 100 years. In the forest-tundra of Central Siberia, the rate of wood organic matter transformation in dead-standing trees is one to two orders of magnitude lower than in fallen wood, which accounts for their role as a long-term store of carbon and mineral elements in these ecosystems.

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[Mukhortova, L. V.
Kirdyanov, A. V.] Russian Acad Sci, Akademgorodok, Sukachev Inst Forest, Siberian Branch, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia
[Myglan, V. S.] Siberian Fed Univ, Svobodnyi pr 79, Krasnoyarsk 660041, Russia
[Mukhortova, L. V.
Kirdyanov, A. V.] Russian Acad Sci, Siberian Branch, Sukachev Inst Forest, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia
[Myglan, V. S.] Siberian Fed Univ, Krasnoyarsk 660041, Russia
[Guggenberger, G.] Univ Halle Wittenberg, Inst Agrar & Ernahrungswissensch, D-06108 Halle, Germany

Доп.точки доступа:
Mukhortova, L.V.; Kirdyanov, A.V.; Myglan, V.S.; Guggenberger, G...; Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation; Civic Research and Development Foundation, United States [RUX0-002-KR-06]; Basic Research and Higher Education [BRHE Y4-B-02-06]; German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD) [A/05/05326]; Russian Foundation for Basic Research [06-04-90596-BNTS-a, 07-04-00515-a, 07-04-00293-a]

/ R. M.W. Amon [et al.] // Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta. - 2012. - Vol. 94. - P217-237, DOI 10.1016/j.gca.2012.07.015 . - ISSN 0016-7037
Аннотация: The biomarker composition of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) of the six largest Arctic rivers was studied between 2003 and 2007 as part of the PARTNERS Project. Samples were collected over seasonal cycles relatively close to the river mouths. Here we report the lignin phenol and p-hydroxybenzene composition of Arctic river DOC in order to identify major sources of carbon. Arctic river DOC represents an important carbon conduit linking the large pools of organic carbon in the Arctic/Subarctic watersheds to the Arctic Ocean. Most of the annual lignin discharge (>75%) occurs during the two month of spring freshet with extremely high lignin concentrations and a lignin phenol composition indicative of fresh vegetation from boreal forests. The three large Siberian rivers, Lena, Yenisei, and Ob, which also have the highest proportion of forests within their watersheds, contribute about 90% of the total lignin discharge to the Arctic Ocean. The composition of river DOC is also characterized by elevated levels of p-hydroxybenzenes, particularly during the low flow season, which indicates a larger contribution from mosses and peat bogs. The lignin composition was strongly related to the average 14C-age of DOC supporting the abundance of young, boreal-vegetation-derived leachates during spring flood, and older, soil-, peat-, and wetland-derived DOC during groundwater dominated low flow conditions, particularly in the Ob and Yukon Rivers. We observed significant differences in DOC concentration and composition between the rivers over the seasonal cycles with the Mackenzie River being the most unique, the Lena River being similar to the Yenisei, and the Yukon being most similar to the Ob. The observed relationship between the lignin phenol composition and watershed characteristics suggests that DOC discharge from these rivers could increase in a warmer climate under otherwise undisturbed conditions. В© 2012 Elsevier Ltd.

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Department of Marine Sciences, Texas A and M University at Galveston, Galveston, United States
Department of Oceanography, Texas A and M University, College Station, United States
V.N. Sukachev Institute of Forest SB RAS, Akademgorodok, Krasnoyarsk, Russian Federation
Institut fur Bodenkunde, Leibniz-Universitat Hannover, Hannover, Germany
Leibniz Institute of Marine Sciences, University of Kiel (IFM-GEOMAR), Kiel, Germany
Department of Marine Ecology, National Environmental Research Institute, University of Aarhus, Roskilde, Denmark
Yale School of Forestry and Environmental Studies, Yale University, CT, United States
The Woods Hole Research Center, Woods Hole, MA, United States
Marine Science Institute, University of Texas at Austin, Port Aransas, TX, United States
Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA, United States
South Russia Centre for Preparation and Implementation of International Projects, Rostov-on-Don, Russian Federation

Доп.точки доступа:
Amon, R.M.W.; Rinehart, A.J.; Duan, S.; Louchouarn, P.; Prokushkin, A.; Guggenberger, G.; Bauch, D.; Stedmon, C.; Raymond, P.A.; Holmes, R.M.; McClelland, J.W.; Peterson, B.J.; Walker, S.A.; Zhulidov, A.V.

[Text] / G. G. POLYAKOVA [et al.] // Russ. J. Plant Physiol. - 1995. - Vol. 42, Is. 4. - P552-557. - Cited References: 21 . - 6. - ISSN 1021-4437РУБ Plant Sciences

Аннотация: The rate of accumulation and location of proanthocyanidins and lignin was studied in fir (Abies sibirica Ledeb.) trunk phloem inoculated with two species of pathogenic micromycetes Verticillium sp. and Thysanophora sp., the usual associates of the sawyer Monochamus urussovi Fisch. Greater accumulation of the phenolic substances and more rapid localization of pathogen as a result of a hypersensitivity reaction were detected in firs infected with Verticillium sp. It was concluded that accumulation of proanthocyanidins and lignin is a part of nonspecific immune response of fir to the pathogen action and that the pathogen specific of fir can inhibit induced synthesis of defensive substances by the host plant.


Доп.точки доступа:
POLYAKOVA, G.G.; VETROVA, V.P.; PASHENOVA, N.V.; OSIPOV, V.I.

[Text] / V. I. OSIPOV, I. V. SHEIN // SOVIET PLANT PHYSIOLOGY. - 1990. - Vol. 37, Is. 3. - P395-401. - Cited References: 13 . - 7. - ISSN 0038-5719РУБ Plant Sciences


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Доп.точки доступа:
OSIPOV, V.I.; SHEIN, I.V.

/ N. -N. Zhao [et al.] // Plant Soil. - 2014. - Vol. 384, Is. 1-2. - P289-301, DOI 10.1007/s11104-014-2210-x . - ISSN 0032-079X
Аннотация: Background Meadows and shrublands are two major vegetation types on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, but little is known about biochemical characteristics and its relation to decomposability of soil organic carbon (OC) under these two vegetation types. The present study was designed to evaluate effects of aspect-vegetation complex on biochemical characteristics and decomposability of soil OC. Methods Two hills were randomly selected; both with vegetation being naturally divided into southward meadows and northward shrublands by a ridge, and soils were sampled at depths of 0-15 and 15-30 cm, along contours traversing the meadow and shrubland sites. Particulate (particle size 2-0.05 mm) OC and nitrogen (N), microbial biomass C and N, non-cellulosic sugars, and CuO lignin were analyzed, and OC mineralization was measured for 49 days at 18 and 25 °C under laboratory incubation, respectively. Results More than half of soil OC was present as particulate fraction across all samples, indicating the coarse nature of soil organic matter in the region. Averaging over depths, shrublands contained 87.7 - 114.1 g OC and 7.7 - 9.3 g N per kg soil, which were 63 - 78 and 26 - 31 % higher than those in meadows, respectively. Meanwhile the C/N ratio of soil organic matter was 11.4 - 12.3 under shrublands, being 29 - 40 % higher than that under meadows. Soil OC under meadows was richer in noncellulosic carbohydrates and microbial biomass in the 0-15 and 15-30 cm depths but contained less lignin in the 15-30 cm depth. Ratios of microbially- to plant-derived monosaccharides and between acid and aldehyde of the vanillyl units were greater in soils under shrublands, showing more abundant microbially-derived sugars and microbially-transformed ligneous substances in OC as compared to meadow soils. By the end of 49 days' incubation, total CO2-C evolution from soils under meadows was 15.0-16.2 mg g-1 OC averaging over incubation temperatures and soil depths, being 27-55 % greater than that under shrublands. Across all soil samples over two sites, total CO2 - C evolved per g OC at either 18 or 25 °C was closely correlated to enrichments of noncellulosic carbohydrates and microbial biomass. This indicates that the greater soil OC decomposability under meadows was associated with its larger abundances of readily mineralizable fractions compared with shrublands. However, temperature increase effect on soil OC decomposability did not differ between the two types of vegetation. Conclusions Our findings suggest that the aspect-vegetation complex significantly affected pool size, biochemical characteristics, and decomposability of soil OC on the northeastern edge of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. However, the response of soil OC decomposability to temperature was similar between southward meadows and northward shrublands. © 2014 Springer International Publishing Switzerland.

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Держатели документа:
School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
Institute of Soil Science, Leibniz Universitat Hannover, Hannover, 30419, Germany
VN Sukachev Institute of Forest, Krasnoyarsk, 660036, Russian Federation
King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

Доп.точки доступа:
Zhao, N.-N.; Guggenberger, G.; Shibistova, O.; Thao, D.T.; Shi, W.J.; Li, X.G.

/ G. F. Antonova [et al.] // Wood Sci Technol. - 2014. - Vol. 48, Is. 5. - P. 919-936, DOI 10.1007/s00226-014-0650-3 . - ISSN 0043-7719
Аннотация: Lignin deposition at consecutive secondary wall thickening stages of early and late xylem cells during annual ring wood formation in Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) stems was studied. Lignin patterns, isolated by thioglycolic acid method, consisted of alcohol-soluble (LTGA-I) and alkali-soluble (LTGA-II) fractions. The sum of two fractions, being the total lignin content, gradually increased in the course of lignification. However, the increments of lignin amount at each development stage of early and late tracheids were different. The intensity of lignin deposition increased in the course of earlywood tracheid maturation and decreased toward the end of latewood cell differentiation. The deposition of two lignin fractions in each layer of forming wood also occurred oppositely. The increment of LTGA-I descended, whereas that of LTGA-II increased from the beginning to the end of early xylem lignification. In contrast, LTGA-I increment dropped, whereas LTGA-II rose during late xylem lignification. Gel permeation chromatography showed that the lignins, formed at the beginning of lignification, were more homogeneous and had higher molecular weight compared with the lignins at the end of cell differentiation. Besides, the content of cellulose, estimated as the residue after lignin isolation, and of cell wall substances, presented as cell wall cross-section areas, at consecutive maturation stages of early and late xylem cells have been found to be different. The data show that lignin deposition occurred in different conditions and with opposite dynamics during early and late xylem formation. © 2014 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.

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V.N. Sukachev Institute of Forest SB RAS, Akademgorodok, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russian Federation

Доп.точки доступа:
Antonova, G.F.; Varaksina, T.N.; Zheleznichenko, T.V.; Stasova, V.V.

[Text] / D. V. Yashunsky [et al.] // Russ. Chem. Bull. - 2015. - Vol. 63, Is. 11. - P2571-2576, DOI 10.1007/s11172-014-0780-7. - Cited References:18. - This work was financially supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (Project No. 14-33-00022). . - ISSN 1066-5285. - ISSN 1573-9171РУБ Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Аннотация: Productive efficiency of technology of polysaccharide and lignin manufacturing from wood raw materials can be significantly improved by integration of purification stages of low molecular weight wood components widely used in applied chemistry into the technological cycle. In this connection, phenols including lignans and flavonoids, which have a practical application potential, are of a special interest. In the present work the results of a study of the content of (-)-secoisolariciresinol, dihydroquercetin and related polyphenols in different morphological parts and anatomical structures of larch wood from the Siberia are analyzed. Analysis of the content of the listed products by reversed-phase HPLC provides the selection of optimal raw material for organizing the manufacture of the listed compounds with predictable efficiency. Increased content of (-)-secoisolariciresinol (up to 3-4%) observed in wood of the trunk knot areas of larch from Khakassia evidences the prospects of raw material processing in this region for production of (-)-secoisolariciresinol from the wastes of larch wood refinery.

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Держатели документа:
Russian Acad Sci, ND Zelinsky Inst Organ Chem, Moscow 119991, Russia.
VN Orekhovich Inst Biomed Chem, Moscow 119121, Russia.
D Mendeleev Univ Chem Technol Russia, Moscow 125047, Russia.
Closed Joint Stock Co BioKhimMak ST, Moscow 119234, Russia.
Russian Acad Sci, VN Sukachev Forest Inst, Siberian Branch, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia.
Ufa State Aviat Tech Univ, Ufa 450000, Russia.

Доп.точки доступа:
Yashunsky, D. V.; Men'shov, V. M.; Tsvetkov, D. E.; Tsvetkov, Yu. E.; Bel'ko, A. A.; Vasiyarov, G. G.; Titova, E. V.; Pimenov, A. V.; Onuchin, A. A.; Dokichev, V. A.; Tomilov, Yu. V.; Nifantiev, N. E.; Russian Foundation for Basic Research [14-33-00022]

/ A. V. Panov [et al.] // IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science : Institute of Physics Publishing, 2016. - Vol. 48: 9th International Conference and Early Career Scientists School on Environmental Observations, Modelling and Information Systems, ENVIROMIS 2016 (11 July 2016 through 16 July 2016, ) Conference code: 125703, Is. 1, DOI 10.1088/1755-1315/48/1/012017 . -
Аннотация: Summer 2012 was one of the extreme wildfire years in Siberia. At the surface air monitoring station "ZOTTO" (60°48'N, 89°21'E, 114 m a.s.l.) in Central Siberia we observed biomass burning (BB) influence on the ongoing atmospheric measurements within more than 50 % of the time in June-July 2012 that indicates a 30 times greater wildfire signal compared to previously reported ordinary biomass burning signature for the study area. While previous studies thoroughly estimated a relative input of BB into aerosol composition (i.e. size distribution, physical and optical parameters etc.) at ZOTTO, in this paper we characterize the source apportionment of the smoke aerosols with molecular tracer techniques from large-scale wildfires occurred in 2012 in the two prevailing types of Central Siberian ecosystems: complexes of pine forests and bogs and dark coniferous forests. Wildfires in the selected ecosystems are highly differed by their combustion phase (flaming/smoldering), the type of fire (crown/ground), biomass fuel, and nature of soil that greatly determines the smoke particle composition. Anhydrosugars (levoglucosan and its isomers) and lignin phenols taken as indicators of the sources and the state of particulate matter (PM) inputs in the specific fire plumes were used as powerful tools to compare wildfires in different environmental conditions and follow the role and contribution of different sources of terrestrial organic matter in the transport of BB pollutants into the pristine atmosphere of boreal zone in Central Siberia. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd.

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Держатели документа:
Laboratory of Biogeochemical Cycles in Forest Ecosystems, V.N. Sukachev Institute of Forest, SB RAS, Akademgorodok 50/28, Krasnoyarsk, Russian Federation
International Laboratory of Permafrost Ecosystems, V.N. Sukachev Institute of Forest, SB RAS, Akademgorodok 50/28, Krasnoyarsk, Russian Federation
Laboratory of Forest Fire Research, V.N. Sukachev Institute of Forest, SB RAS, Akademgorodok 50/28, Krasnoyarsk, Russian Federation
Department of Oceanography, Texas A and M University, College Station, TX, United States
Department of Marine Sciences, Texas A and M University, 200 Seawolf Parkway, Galveston, TX, United States
Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Hahn-Meitner-Weg 1, Mainz, Germany
Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Hans Knoell 10, Jena, Germany

Доп.точки доступа:
Panov, A. V.; Prokushkin, A. S.; Korets, M. A.; Bryukhanov, A. V.; Myers-Pigg, A. N.; Louchouarn, P.; Sidenko, N. V.; Amon, R.; Andreae, M. O.; Heimann, M.

[Текст] : научное издание / А. С. Прокушкин [и др.] // География и природные ресурсы. - 2017. - № 2. - С. 114-123 : табл., DOI 10.21782/GIPR0206-1619-2017-2(114-123). - Библиогр. в конце ст. . - ISSN 0206-1619
   Перевод заглавия: Carbon and nitrogen in the bogs of the northern part of the Sym-Dubches interfluve

УДК

630*182.5

Аннотация: Описаны исследования, проведенные в лесоболотных комплексах северной части Сым-Дубческого междуречья. Получены сведения о пространственном распространении болот разного генезиса на данной территории, их возрасте (2900-6225 лет), ботаническом (включая степень разложения), элементном (C и N) и биохимическом (полифенольный комплекс) составе торфяных залежей. Установлено, что запасы углерода в залежах низинных болот в 1,4 раза выше по сравнению с верховыми болотами, несмотря на их меньшую мощность. Показано, что элементный и биохимический состав, наряду с ботаническим составом торфа, служат надежными индикаторами типа торфообразовательного процесса. Выявлено резкое сужение величины соотношения C:N при переходе от сфагнового верхового к низинному типу торфа. На основе двух методов датировки получены оценки скоростей аккумуляции углерода в болотах верхового типа ряма: для верхних (до 70 см) слоев - по возрасту деревьев сосны ( Pinus sylvestris L.) и для нижних ( до 400 см ) - ме тодом радиоуглеродной датировки. Определено, что скорость накопления углерода в верхних слоях торфяной залежи более чем в два раза превышает таковую для всей колонки - 84,7 и 30,1 г С/м 2 в год соответственно.
The investigations made in the forest-bog complexes of the northern part of the Sym-Dubches interfluve are outlined. Evi dence has been obtained concerning the spatial distribution of bogs of different genesis across this territory, their age (2900-6225 years), and the botanical (including the degree of decay), elemental (C and N) and biochemical (polyphenol complex) composi tion of peat deposits. It is established that carbon storage in the deposits of lowland bogs is by a factor of 1.4 higher when com pared with raised bogs, in spite of their smaller thickness. It I shown that the elemental and biochemical composition along with the botanical composition of peat serves as a reliable indicator of the type of peat-formation process. The study revealed a dramatic narrowing of the values of the C:N ratio at the transition from the sphagnum raised to the lowland type of peat. Two methods of dating were used to obtain estimates of the carbon accumulation rates in raised bogs (riams). For the upper (up to 70 cm) layers we used the age of pine trees (Pinus sylvestris L.) and for the lower (up to 400 cm) layers - the method of ra diocarbon dating. Ascertaining that the carbon accumulation rate in the upper layers of the peat deposit exceed more than twice the rate for the entire core: 84.7 and 30.1 g C/m 2 per year, respectively.

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Держатели документа:
Институт геологических и экологических наук (GET)
Институт леса им. В.Н. Сукачева СО РАН
Сибирский федеральный университет
Томский государственный университет

Доп.точки доступа:
Прокушкин, А.С.; Prokushkin A.S.; Карпенко, Л.В.; Karpenko L.V.; Токарева, И.В.; Tokareva I.V.; Корец, М.А.; Korets M.A.; Покровский, О.С.; Pokrovskii O.S.

/ T. T. Dao [et al.] // Soil Biol. Biochem. - 2018. - Vol. 116. - P311-322, DOI 10.1016/j.soilbio.2017.10.032 . - ISSN 0038-0717
Аннотация: Permafrost soils preserve huge amounts of organic carbon (OC) prone to decomposition under changing climatic conditions. However, knowledge on the composition of soil organic matter (OM) and its transformation and vulnerability to decomposition in these soils is scarce. We determined neutral sugars and lignin-derived phenols, released by trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) and CuO oxidation, respectively, within plants and soil density fractions from the active layer and the upper permafrost layer at three different tundra types (shrubby grass, shrubby tussock, shrubby lichen) in the Northeast Siberian Arctic. The heavy fraction (HF; >1.6 g mL?1) was characterized by a larger enrichment of microbial sugars (hexoses vs. pentoses) and more pronounced lignin degradation (acids vs. aldehydes) as compared to the light fraction (LF; <1.6 g mL?1), showing the transformation from plant residue-dominated particulate OM to a largely microbial imprint in mineral-associated OM. In contrast to temperate and tropical soils, total neutral sugar contents and galactose plus mannose to arabinose plus xylose ratios (GM/AX) decreased in the HF with soil depth, which may indicate a process of effective recycling of microbial biomass rather than utilizing old plant materials. At the same time, lignin-derived phenols increased and the degree of oxidative decomposition of lignin decreased with soil depth, suggesting a selective preservation of lignin presumably due to anaerobiosis. As large parts of the plant-derived pentoses are incorporated in lignocelluloses and thereby protected against rapid decomposition, this might also explain the relative enrichment of pentoses with soil depth. Hence, our results show a relatively large contribution of plant-derived OM, particularly in the buried topsoil and subsoil, which is stabilized by the current soil environmental conditions but may become available to decomposers if permafrost degradation promotes soil drainage and improves the soil oxygen supply. © 2017

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Institute of Soil Science, Leibniz University Hannover, Germany
Soil Science and Soil Protection, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Germany
VN Sukachev Institute of Forest, Krasnoyarsk, Russian Federation
Department of Microbiology and Ecosystem Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
Austrian Polar Research Institute, Vienna, Austria
Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
Department of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, United States
Department of Ecosystem Biology, University of South Bohemia, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
Department of Biology, Centre for Geobiology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
Department of Bioscience, Center for Geomicrobiology, Aarhus, Denmark
Central Siberian Botanical Garden, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
Department of Ecogenomics and Systems Biology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
Institute of Microbiology, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt University, Greifswald, Germany

Доп.точки доступа:
Dao, T. T.; Gentsch, N.; Mikutta, R.; Sauheitl, L.; Shibistova, O.; Wild, B.; Schnecker, J.; Barta, J.; Capek, P.; Gittel, A.; Lashchinskiy, N.; Urich, T.; Santruckova, H.; Richter, A.; Guggenberger, G.