/ O. Shibistova, G. Zrazhevskaya et al // Tellus. Series B: Chemical and physical meteorology. - 2002. - Vol. 54B, № 5. - С. 568-589
Аннотация: Using a ground-based and an above-canopy eddy covariance system in addition to stem respiration measurements, the annual respiratory fluxes attributable to soil, stems and foliage were determined for a Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) forest growing in central Siberia. Night-time foliar respiration was estimated on the basis of the difference between fluxes measured below and above the canopy and the stem respiration measurements. Comparison of the effects of night-time turbulence on measured CO2 fluxes showed flux loss above the canopy at low wind speeds, but no such effect was observed for the ground-based eddy system. This suggests that problems with flow homogeneity or flux divergence (both of which would be expected to be greater above the canopy than below) were responsible for above-canopy losses under these conditions. After correcting for this, a strong seasonality in foliar respiration was observed. This was not solely attributable to temperature variations, with intrinsic foliar respiratory capacities being much greater in spring and autumn. The opposite pattern was observed for stem respiration, with the intrinsic respiratory capacity being lower from autumn through early spring. Maximum respiratory activity was observed in early summer. This was not simply associated with a response to higher temperatures but seemed closely linked with cambial activity and the development of new xylem elements. Soil respiration rates exhibited an apparent high sensitivity to temperature, with seasonal data implying a Q(10) of about 7. We interpret this as reflecting covarying changes in soil microbial activity and soil temperatures throughout the snow-free season. Averaged over the two study years (1999 and 2000), the annual respiratory flux was estimated at 38.3 mol C m(-2) a(-1). Of this 0.61 was attributable to soil respiration, with stem respiration accounting for 0.21 and foliar respiration 0.18.
WOS,
Scopus
Держатели документа:
Russian Acad Sci, VN Sukacehv Forest Inst, Siberian Branch, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia
Доп.точки доступа:
Shibistova, Olga Borisovna; Шибистова, Ольга Борисовна; Zrazhevskaya, Galina Kirillovna; Зражевская, Галина Кирилловна
Труды сотрудников ИЛ им. В.Н. Сукачева СО РАН
w10=
Найдено документов в текущей БД: 74
Seasonal and annual variations in the photosynthetic productivity and carbon balance of a central Siberian pine forest
/ J. Lloyd, O. Shibistova et al // Tellus. Series B: Chemical and physical meteorology. - 2002. - Vol. 54B, № 5. - С. 590-610
Аннотация: We present a first analysis of data (June 1998 to December 2000) from the long-term eddy covariance site established in a Pinus sylvestris stand near Zotino in central Siberia as part of the EUROSIBERIAN CARBONFLUX project. As well as examining seasonal patterns in netecosystem exchange (N-E), daily, seasonal and annual estimates of the canopy photosynthesis (or gross primary productivity, G(P)) were obtained using N-E and ecosystem respiration measurements. Although the forest was a small (but significant) source of CO2 throughout the snow season (typically mid-October to early May) there was a rapid commencement of photosynthetic capacity shortly following the commencement of above-zero air temperatures in spring: in 1999 the forest went from a quiescent state to significant photosynthetic activity in only a few days. Nevertheless, canopy photosynthetic capacity was observed to continue to increase slowly throughout the summer months for both 1999 and 2000, reaching a maximum capacity in early August. During September there was a marked decline in canopy photosynthesis which was only partially attributable to less favourable environmental conditions. This suggests a reduction in canopy photosynthetic capacity in autumn, perhaps associated with the cold hardening process. For individual time periods the canopy. photosynthetic rate was mostly dependent upon incoming photon irradiance. However, reductions in both canopy conductance and overall photosynthetic rate in response to high canopy-to-air vapour differences were clearly evident on hot dry days. The relationship between canopy conductance and photosynthesis was examined using Cowan's notion of optimality in which stomata serve to maximise the marginal evaporative cost of plant carbon gain. The associated Lagrangian multiplier (lambda) was surprisingly constant throughout the growing season. Somewhat remarkably, however, its value was markedly different between years, being 416 mol mol(-1) in 1999 but 815 mol mol(-1) in 2000. Overall the forest was a substantial sink for CO2 in both 1999 and 2000: around 13 Mol C m(-2) a(-1). Data from this experiment, when combined with estimates of net primary productivity from biomass sampling suggest that about 20% of this sink was associated with increasing plant biomass and about 80% with an increase in the litter and soil organic carbon pools. This high implied rate of carbon accumulation in the litter soil organic matter pool seems unsustainable in the long term and is hard to explain on the basis of current knowledge.
WOS,
Scopus
Держатели документа:
Russian Acad Sci, VN Sukachev Forest Inst, Siberian Branch, Krasnoyarsk 66003, Russia
Доп.точки доступа:
Lloyd, J.; Лойд Дж.; Shibistova, Olga Borisovna; Шибистова, Ольга Борисовна
Аннотация: We present a first analysis of data (June 1998 to December 2000) from the long-term eddy covariance site established in a Pinus sylvestris stand near Zotino in central Siberia as part of the EUROSIBERIAN CARBONFLUX project. As well as examining seasonal patterns in netecosystem exchange (N-E), daily, seasonal and annual estimates of the canopy photosynthesis (or gross primary productivity, G(P)) were obtained using N-E and ecosystem respiration measurements. Although the forest was a small (but significant) source of CO2 throughout the snow season (typically mid-October to early May) there was a rapid commencement of photosynthetic capacity shortly following the commencement of above-zero air temperatures in spring: in 1999 the forest went from a quiescent state to significant photosynthetic activity in only a few days. Nevertheless, canopy photosynthetic capacity was observed to continue to increase slowly throughout the summer months for both 1999 and 2000, reaching a maximum capacity in early August. During September there was a marked decline in canopy photosynthesis which was only partially attributable to less favourable environmental conditions. This suggests a reduction in canopy photosynthetic capacity in autumn, perhaps associated with the cold hardening process. For individual time periods the canopy. photosynthetic rate was mostly dependent upon incoming photon irradiance. However, reductions in both canopy conductance and overall photosynthetic rate in response to high canopy-to-air vapour differences were clearly evident on hot dry days. The relationship between canopy conductance and photosynthesis was examined using Cowan's notion of optimality in which stomata serve to maximise the marginal evaporative cost of plant carbon gain. The associated Lagrangian multiplier (lambda) was surprisingly constant throughout the growing season. Somewhat remarkably, however, its value was markedly different between years, being 416 mol mol(-1) in 1999 but 815 mol mol(-1) in 2000. Overall the forest was a substantial sink for CO2 in both 1999 and 2000: around 13 Mol C m(-2) a(-1). Data from this experiment, when combined with estimates of net primary productivity from biomass sampling suggest that about 20% of this sink was associated with increasing plant biomass and about 80% with an increase in the litter and soil organic carbon pools. This high implied rate of carbon accumulation in the litter soil organic matter pool seems unsustainable in the long term and is hard to explain on the basis of current knowledge.
WOS,
Scopus
Держатели документа:
Russian Acad Sci, VN Sukachev Forest Inst, Siberian Branch, Krasnoyarsk 66003, Russia
Доп.точки доступа:
Lloyd, J.; Лойд Дж.; Shibistova, Olga Borisovna; Шибистова, Ольга Борисовна
Soil and canopy CO2, 13CO2, H2O and sensible heat flux partitions in a forest canopy inferred from concentration measurements
/ J.M. Styles et al, O. Shibistova // Tellus. Series B: Chemical and physical meteorology. - 2002. - Vol. 54B, № 5. - С. 655-676
Аннотация: A canopy scale model is presented that utilises Lagrangian dispersal theory to describe the relationship between source distribution and concentration within the canopy. The present study differs from previous studies in three ways: (1) source/sink distributions are solved simultaneously for CO2, (CO2)-C-13, H2O and sensible heat to find a solution consistent with leaf-level constraints imposed by photosynthetic capacity, stomatal and boundary layer conductance, available energy and carbon isotopic discrimination during diffusion and carboxylation; (2) the model is used to solve for parameters controlling the nonlinear source interactions rather than the sources themselves; and (3) this study used plant physiological principles to allow the incorporation of within- and above-canopy measurements of the C-13/C-12 ratios Of CO2 as an additional constraint. Source strengths Of CO2, H2O, sensible heat and (CO2)-C-13 within a Siberian mixed-coniferous forest were constrained by biochemical and energy-balance principles applied to sun and shaded leaves throughout the canopy. Parameters relating to maximum photosynthetic capacity, stomatal conductance, radiation penetration and turbulence structure were determined by the optimisation procedure to match modelled and measured concentration profiles, effectively inverting the concentration data. Ground fluxes Of CO2, H2O and sensible heat were also determined by the inversion. Total ecosystem fluxes predicted from the inversion were compared to hourly averaged above-canopy eddy covariance measurements over a ten-day period, with good agreement. Model results showed that stomatal conductance and maximum photosynthetic capacity were depressed due to the low temperatures experienced during snow melt; radiation penetrated further than simple theoretical predictions because of leaf clumping and penumbra, and stability effects were important in the morning and evening. The inversion was limited by little vertical structure in the concentration profiles, particularly of water vapour, and by co-dependence of canopy parameters.
WOS,
Scopus
Держатели документа:
VN Sukachev Inst Forests, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia
Доп.точки доступа:
Styles , J.M.; Стайлес Дж.М.; Shibistova, Olga Borisovna; Шибистова, Ольга Борисовна
Аннотация: A canopy scale model is presented that utilises Lagrangian dispersal theory to describe the relationship between source distribution and concentration within the canopy. The present study differs from previous studies in three ways: (1) source/sink distributions are solved simultaneously for CO2, (CO2)-C-13, H2O and sensible heat to find a solution consistent with leaf-level constraints imposed by photosynthetic capacity, stomatal and boundary layer conductance, available energy and carbon isotopic discrimination during diffusion and carboxylation; (2) the model is used to solve for parameters controlling the nonlinear source interactions rather than the sources themselves; and (3) this study used plant physiological principles to allow the incorporation of within- and above-canopy measurements of the C-13/C-12 ratios Of CO2 as an additional constraint. Source strengths Of CO2, H2O, sensible heat and (CO2)-C-13 within a Siberian mixed-coniferous forest were constrained by biochemical and energy-balance principles applied to sun and shaded leaves throughout the canopy. Parameters relating to maximum photosynthetic capacity, stomatal conductance, radiation penetration and turbulence structure were determined by the optimisation procedure to match modelled and measured concentration profiles, effectively inverting the concentration data. Ground fluxes Of CO2, H2O and sensible heat were also determined by the inversion. Total ecosystem fluxes predicted from the inversion were compared to hourly averaged above-canopy eddy covariance measurements over a ten-day period, with good agreement. Model results showed that stomatal conductance and maximum photosynthetic capacity were depressed due to the low temperatures experienced during snow melt; radiation penetrated further than simple theoretical predictions because of leaf clumping and penumbra, and stability effects were important in the morning and evening. The inversion was limited by little vertical structure in the concentration profiles, particularly of water vapour, and by co-dependence of canopy parameters.
WOS,
Scopus
Держатели документа:
VN Sukachev Inst Forests, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia
Доп.точки доступа:
Styles , J.M.; Стайлес Дж.М.; Shibistova, Olga Borisovna; Шибистова, Ольга Борисовна
Intraspecific response of Scots pine (Pinus silvestris L.) to pathogens in a provenance trial in Middle Siberia
: материалы временных коллективов / N. A. Kuzmina, Sergey R. Kuz'min // Eurasian Journal of Forest Research. - 2008. - Vol. 11-2. - С. 51-59. - Библиогр. в конце ст.
Аннотация: The results of assessing the resistance of 84 Scotch pine climatypes, growing in a provenance trial in a taiga zone of Middle Siberia, to pathogens of needle cast (Lophodermium pinastri Chev.), snow blight (Phacidium infestans Karst.), Cenangium diebak (Cenangium ferruginosum Fr.: Fr.) and rust (cronartium flaccidum (Alb. et Schw.) Wint and Peridermium pini (Pers.) Lew. et Kleb). The dynamics of the diseases caused by these pathogens are shown for 30-year period. The authors found that Scotch pine resistance to the pathogens in the provenance trial depended both on ecological regime of the growing site and on the genetic peculiarities of the climatypes determined by their site of origin. Differences in the resistance of the same Scotch pine climatypes to the pathogens showed itself when growing them on different ecological backgrounds (on sandy soil - the bear berry pine forest type, and on dark-grey forest soil - the tall-herb pine forest (type). Climatypes of "northern Lapponian" and "Siberian" pine subspecies are more tolerant to the pathogens.
Держатели документа:
Институт леса им. В.Н. Сукачева Сибирского отделения Российской академии наук : 660036, Красноярск, Академгородок, 50, стр., 28
Доп.точки доступа:
Kuz'min, Sergey Rudol'fovich; Кузьмин, Сергей Рудольфович; Кузьмина, Нина Алексеевна
Аннотация: The results of assessing the resistance of 84 Scotch pine climatypes, growing in a provenance trial in a taiga zone of Middle Siberia, to pathogens of needle cast (Lophodermium pinastri Chev.), snow blight (Phacidium infestans Karst.), Cenangium diebak (Cenangium ferruginosum Fr.: Fr.) and rust (cronartium flaccidum (Alb. et Schw.) Wint and Peridermium pini (Pers.) Lew. et Kleb). The dynamics of the diseases caused by these pathogens are shown for 30-year period. The authors found that Scotch pine resistance to the pathogens in the provenance trial depended both on ecological regime of the growing site and on the genetic peculiarities of the climatypes determined by their site of origin. Differences in the resistance of the same Scotch pine climatypes to the pathogens showed itself when growing them on different ecological backgrounds (on sandy soil - the bear berry pine forest type, and on dark-grey forest soil - the tall-herb pine forest (type). Climatypes of "northern Lapponian" and "Siberian" pine subspecies are more tolerant to the pathogens.
Держатели документа:
Институт леса им. В.Н. Сукачева Сибирского отделения Российской академии наук : 660036, Красноярск, Академгородок, 50, стр., 28
Доп.точки доступа:
Kuz'min, Sergey Rudol'fovich; Кузьмин, Сергей Рудольфович; Кузьмина, Нина Алексеевна
System analysis of weather fire danger in predicting large fires in Siberian forests
[Text] / A. V. Rubtsov, A. I. Sukhinin, E. A. Vaganov // Izv. Atmos. Ocean. Phys. - 2011. - Vol. 47, Is. 9. - P1049-1056, DOI 10.1134/S0001433811090143. - Cited References: 19. - The work was supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (project no. 09-05-00900-a).
. - 8. - ISSN 0001-4338
РУБ Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences + Oceanography
Кл.слова (ненормированные):
satellite data -- AVHRR -- MODIS -- moisture indices -- meteorological data -- snow cover fraction -- vegetation types -- fire prediction -- Siberia
Аннотация: The prediction results of large-scale forest fire development are given for Siberia. To evaluate the fire risks, the Canadian Forest Fire Weather Index System (CFFWIS) and the Russian moisture indices (MI1 and MI2) were compared on the basis of the data of a network of meteorological stations as input weather parameters. Parameters of active fires were detected daily from the NOAA satellite data for the period of 1996-2008. To determine the length of the fire danger season, the snow cover fractions from Terra/MODIS data (2001-2008) were used. The features of fire development on territories with different types of flammable fuel are considered. The statistical analysis of the areas and number of fires typical of each vegetation class is made with the use of the GLC2000 vegetation map. A positive correlation (similar to 0.45, p < 0.05) between the cumulative area of local fires and the MI1 and Canadian BUI and DMC indices is revealed. The Canadian ISI and FWI indices describe best the diurnal dynamics of fire areas. The above correlations are higher (similar to 0.62, p < 0.05) when we select the fires larger than 2000-10000 ha in size for the forested areas. Other cases point to the lack of a linear relation between the fire area and the values of all indices, because the fire spread depends on many natural and anthropogenic factors.
Полный текст,
WOS,
Scopus
Держатели документа:
[Rubtsov, A. V.
Sukhinin, A. I.
Vaganov, E. A.] Siberian Fed Univ, Inst Space & Informat Technol, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
[Rubtsov, A. V.
Sukhinin, A. I.] Russian Acad Sci, Sukachev Inst Forest, Siberian Branch, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
Доп.точки доступа:
Rubtsov, A.V.; Sukhinin, A.I.; Vaganov, E.A.
Кл.слова (ненормированные):
satellite data -- AVHRR -- MODIS -- moisture indices -- meteorological data -- snow cover fraction -- vegetation types -- fire prediction -- Siberia
Аннотация: The prediction results of large-scale forest fire development are given for Siberia. To evaluate the fire risks, the Canadian Forest Fire Weather Index System (CFFWIS) and the Russian moisture indices (MI1 and MI2) were compared on the basis of the data of a network of meteorological stations as input weather parameters. Parameters of active fires were detected daily from the NOAA satellite data for the period of 1996-2008. To determine the length of the fire danger season, the snow cover fractions from Terra/MODIS data (2001-2008) were used. The features of fire development on territories with different types of flammable fuel are considered. The statistical analysis of the areas and number of fires typical of each vegetation class is made with the use of the GLC2000 vegetation map. A positive correlation (similar to 0.45, p < 0.05) between the cumulative area of local fires and the MI1 and Canadian BUI and DMC indices is revealed. The Canadian ISI and FWI indices describe best the diurnal dynamics of fire areas. The above correlations are higher (similar to 0.62, p < 0.05) when we select the fires larger than 2000-10000 ha in size for the forested areas. Other cases point to the lack of a linear relation between the fire area and the values of all indices, because the fire spread depends on many natural and anthropogenic factors.
Полный текст,
WOS,
Scopus
Держатели документа:
[Rubtsov, A. V.
Sukhinin, A. I.
Vaganov, E. A.] Siberian Fed Univ, Inst Space & Informat Technol, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
[Rubtsov, A. V.
Sukhinin, A. I.] Russian Acad Sci, Sukachev Inst Forest, Siberian Branch, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
Доп.точки доступа:
Rubtsov, A.V.; Sukhinin, A.I.; Vaganov, E.A.
Climate change and climate-induced hot spots in forest shifts in central Siberia from observed data
[Text] / N. M. Tchebakova, E. I. Parfenova, A. J. Soja // Reg. Envir. Chang. - 2011. - Vol. 11, Is. 4. - P817-827, DOI 10.1007/s10113-011-0210-4. - Cited References: 65. - This study was supported by grant #10-05-00941 of the Russian Foundation for Basic Research and NASA Research Opportunities in Space and Earth Sciences (ROSES) 2009 InterDisciplinary Science (IDS) 09-IDS09-0116.
. - 11. - ISSN 1436-3798
РУБ Environmental Sciences + Environmental Studies
Аннотация: Regional Siberian studies have already registered climate warming over the last several decades. We evaluated ongoing climate change in central Siberia between 1991 and 2010 and a baseline period, 1961-1990, and between 1991 and 2010 and Hadley 2020 climate change projections, represented by the moderate B1 and severe A2 scenarios. Our analysis showed that winters are already 2-3A degrees C warmer in the north and 1-2A degrees C warmer in the south by 2010. Summer temperatures increased by 1A degrees C in the north and by 1-2A degrees C in the south. Change in precipitation is more complicated, increasing on average 10% in middle latitudes and decreasing 10-20% in the south, promoting local drying in already dry landscapes. Hot spots of possible forest shifts are modeled using our Siberian bioclimatic vegetation model and mountain vegetation model with respect to climate anomalies observed pre-2010 and predicted 2020 Hadley scenarios. Forests are predicted to shift northwards along the central Siberian Plateau and upslope in both the northern and southern mountains. South of the central Siberian Plateau, steppe advancement is predicted that was previously non-existent north of 56A degrees N latitude. South of 56A degrees N, steppe expansion is predicted in the dry environments of Khakasiya and Tyva. In the southern mountains, it is predicted that the lower tree line will migrate upslope due to increased dryness in the intermontane Tyvan basins. The hot spots of vegetation change that are predicted by our models are confirmed by regional literature data.
Полный текст,
WOS,
Scopus
Держатели документа:
[Tchebakova, N. M.
Parfenova, E. I.] Russian Acad Sci Academgorodok, VN Sukachev Inst Forest, Siberian Branch, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia
[Soja, A. J.] NASA Langley Res Ctr, Natl Inst Aerosp, Hampton, VA 23681 USA
Доп.точки доступа:
Tchebakova, N.M.; Parfenova, E.I.; Soja, A.J.
Рубрики:
NORTHERN EURASIA
WHITE SPRUCE
FIRE
20TH-CENTURY
GROWTH
ALASKA
COVER
SNOW
Кл.слова (ненормированные):
Instrumental climate record -- IPCC climate change projections -- Forest shift -- Siberia
NORTHERN EURASIA
WHITE SPRUCE
FIRE
20TH-CENTURY
GROWTH
ALASKA
COVER
SNOW
Кл.слова (ненормированные):
Instrumental climate record -- IPCC climate change projections -- Forest shift -- Siberia
Аннотация: Regional Siberian studies have already registered climate warming over the last several decades. We evaluated ongoing climate change in central Siberia between 1991 and 2010 and a baseline period, 1961-1990, and between 1991 and 2010 and Hadley 2020 climate change projections, represented by the moderate B1 and severe A2 scenarios. Our analysis showed that winters are already 2-3A degrees C warmer in the north and 1-2A degrees C warmer in the south by 2010. Summer temperatures increased by 1A degrees C in the north and by 1-2A degrees C in the south. Change in precipitation is more complicated, increasing on average 10% in middle latitudes and decreasing 10-20% in the south, promoting local drying in already dry landscapes. Hot spots of possible forest shifts are modeled using our Siberian bioclimatic vegetation model and mountain vegetation model with respect to climate anomalies observed pre-2010 and predicted 2020 Hadley scenarios. Forests are predicted to shift northwards along the central Siberian Plateau and upslope in both the northern and southern mountains. South of the central Siberian Plateau, steppe advancement is predicted that was previously non-existent north of 56A degrees N latitude. South of 56A degrees N, steppe expansion is predicted in the dry environments of Khakasiya and Tyva. In the southern mountains, it is predicted that the lower tree line will migrate upslope due to increased dryness in the intermontane Tyvan basins. The hot spots of vegetation change that are predicted by our models are confirmed by regional literature data.
Полный текст,
WOS,
Scopus
Держатели документа:
[Tchebakova, N. M.
Parfenova, E. I.] Russian Acad Sci Academgorodok, VN Sukachev Inst Forest, Siberian Branch, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia
[Soja, A. J.] NASA Langley Res Ctr, Natl Inst Aerosp, Hampton, VA 23681 USA
Доп.точки доступа:
Tchebakova, N.M.; Parfenova, E.I.; Soja, A.J.
Hierarchical mapping of Northern Eurasian land cover using MODIS data
[Text] / D. . Sulla-Menashe [et al.] // Remote Sens. Environ. - 2011. - Vol. 115, Is. 2. - P392-403, DOI 10.1016/j.rse.2010.09.010. - Cited References: 71. - The research was supported by NASA grant numbers NNG06GF54G and NNX08AE61A. An additional thanks goes to Dr. Bin Tan who was instrumental in implementing the MODIS classification algorithms, and to the rest of the NELDA team for helpful input and discussions.
. - 12. - ISSN 0034-4257
РУБ Environmental Sciences + Remote Sensing + Imaging Science & Photographic Technology
Аннотация: The Northern Eurasian land mass encompasses a diverse array of land cover types including tundra, boreal forest, wetlands, semi-arid steppe, and agricultural land use. Despite the well-established importance of Northern Eurasia in the global carbon and climate system, the distribution and properties of land cover in this region are not well characterized. To address this knowledge and data gap, a hierarchical mapping approach was developed that encompasses the study area for the Northern Eurasia Earth System Partnership Initiative (NEESPI). The Northern Eurasia Land Cover (NELC) database developed in this study follows the FAO-land Cover Classification System and provides nested groupings of land cover characteristics, with separate layers for land use, wetlands, and tundra. The database implementation is substantially different from other large-scale land cover datasets that provide maps based on a single set of discrete classes. By providing a database consisting of nested maps and complementary layers, the NELC database provides a flexible framework that allows users to tailor maps to suit their needs. The methods used to create the database combine empirically derived climate-vegetation relationships with results from supervised classifications based on Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) data. The hierarchical approach provides an effective framework for integrating climate-vegetation relationships with remote sensing-based classifications, and also allows sources of error to be characterized and attributed to specific levels in the hierarchy. The cross-validated accuracy was 73% for the land cover map and 73% and 91% for the agriculture and wetland classifications, respectively. These results support the use of hierarchical classification and climate-vegetation relationships for mapping land cover at continental scales. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
WOS,
Полный текст,
Scopus
Держатели документа:
[Sulla-Menashe, Damien
Friedl, Mark A.
Woodcock, Curtis E.
Sibley, Adam] Boston Univ, Dept Geog & Environm, Boston, MA 02215 USA
[Krankina, Olga N.] Oregon State Univ, Coll Forestry, Dept Forest Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA
[Baccini, Alessandro] Woods Hole Res Ctr, Falmouth, MA 02540 USA
[Sun, Guoqing] NASA, GSFC, Biospher Sci Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20770 USA
[Kharuk, Viacheslav] Acad Gorodok Krasnoyarsk, Sukachev Forest Inst, Forest Ecol & Monitoring Branch, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia
[Elsakov, Vladimir] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Biol, Komi Sci Ctr, Syktyvkar 167610, Russia
Доп.точки доступа:
Sulla-Menashe, D...; Friedl, M.A.; Krankina, O.N.; Baccini, A...; Woodcock, C.E.; Sibley, A...; Sun, G.Q.; Kharuk, V...; Elsakov, V...
Рубрики:
REMOTELY-SENSED DATA
ACCURACY ASSESSMENT
CLIMATE-CHANGE
CARBON-CYCLE
VEGETATION CLASSIFICATION
PRIOR PROBABILITIES
ARCTIC VEGETATION
SNOW COVER
RESOLUTION
PRODUCTS
Кл.слова (ненормированные):
Land cover -- Classification -- MODIS -- Decision trees -- Biogeography -- Hierarchical classification system
REMOTELY-SENSED DATA
ACCURACY ASSESSMENT
CLIMATE-CHANGE
CARBON-CYCLE
VEGETATION CLASSIFICATION
PRIOR PROBABILITIES
ARCTIC VEGETATION
SNOW COVER
RESOLUTION
PRODUCTS
Кл.слова (ненормированные):
Land cover -- Classification -- MODIS -- Decision trees -- Biogeography -- Hierarchical classification system
Аннотация: The Northern Eurasian land mass encompasses a diverse array of land cover types including tundra, boreal forest, wetlands, semi-arid steppe, and agricultural land use. Despite the well-established importance of Northern Eurasia in the global carbon and climate system, the distribution and properties of land cover in this region are not well characterized. To address this knowledge and data gap, a hierarchical mapping approach was developed that encompasses the study area for the Northern Eurasia Earth System Partnership Initiative (NEESPI). The Northern Eurasia Land Cover (NELC) database developed in this study follows the FAO-land Cover Classification System and provides nested groupings of land cover characteristics, with separate layers for land use, wetlands, and tundra. The database implementation is substantially different from other large-scale land cover datasets that provide maps based on a single set of discrete classes. By providing a database consisting of nested maps and complementary layers, the NELC database provides a flexible framework that allows users to tailor maps to suit their needs. The methods used to create the database combine empirically derived climate-vegetation relationships with results from supervised classifications based on Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) data. The hierarchical approach provides an effective framework for integrating climate-vegetation relationships with remote sensing-based classifications, and also allows sources of error to be characterized and attributed to specific levels in the hierarchy. The cross-validated accuracy was 73% for the land cover map and 73% and 91% for the agriculture and wetland classifications, respectively. These results support the use of hierarchical classification and climate-vegetation relationships for mapping land cover at continental scales. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
WOS,
Полный текст,
Scopus
Держатели документа:
[Sulla-Menashe, Damien
Friedl, Mark A.
Woodcock, Curtis E.
Sibley, Adam] Boston Univ, Dept Geog & Environm, Boston, MA 02215 USA
[Krankina, Olga N.] Oregon State Univ, Coll Forestry, Dept Forest Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA
[Baccini, Alessandro] Woods Hole Res Ctr, Falmouth, MA 02540 USA
[Sun, Guoqing] NASA, GSFC, Biospher Sci Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20770 USA
[Kharuk, Viacheslav] Acad Gorodok Krasnoyarsk, Sukachev Forest Inst, Forest Ecol & Monitoring Branch, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia
[Elsakov, Vladimir] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Biol, Komi Sci Ctr, Syktyvkar 167610, Russia
Доп.точки доступа:
Sulla-Menashe, D...; Friedl, M.A.; Krankina, O.N.; Baccini, A...; Woodcock, C.E.; Sibley, A...; Sun, G.Q.; Kharuk, V...; Elsakov, V...
Spatial distribution and temporal dynamics of high-elevation forest stands in southern Siberia
[Text] / V. I. Kharuk [et al.] // Glob. Ecol. Biogeogr. - 2010. - Vol. 19, Is. 6. - P822-830, DOI 10.1111/j.1466-8238.2010.00555.x. - Cited References: 33. - This research was supported by the NASA Science Mission Directorate, Terrestrial Ecology Program, the Siberian Branch Russian Academy of Science Program no. 23.3.33, and grant no. MK-2497.2009.5. Thanks to Joanne Howl for edits of the manuscript.
. - 9. - ISSN 1466-822X
РУБ Ecology + Geography, Physical
Аннотация: Aim To evaluate the hypothesis that topographic features of high-elevation mountain environments govern spatial distribution and climate-driven dynamics of the forest. Location Upper mountain forest stands (elevation range 1800-2600 m) in the mountains of southern Siberia. Methods Archive maps, satellite and on-ground data from1960 to 2002 were used. Data were normalized to avoid bias caused by uneven distribution of topographic features (elevation, azimuth and slope steepness) within the analysed area. Spatial distribution of forest stands was analysed with respect to topography based on a digital elevation model (DEM). Results Spatial patterns in mountain forests are anisotropic with respect to azimuth, slope steepness and elevation. At a given elevation, the majority of forests occupied slopes with greater than mean slope values. As the elevation increased, forests shifted to steeper slopes. The orientation of forest azimuth distribution changed clockwise with increase in elevation (the total shift was 120 degrees), indicating a combined effect of wind and water stress on the observed forest patterns. Warming caused changes in the forest distribution patterns during the last four decades. The area of closed forests increased 1.5 times, which was attributed to increased stand density and tree migration. The migration rate was 1.5 +/- 0.9 m year-1, causing a mean forest line shift of 63 +/- 37 m. Along with upward migration, downward tree migration onto hill slopes was observed. Changes in tree morphology were also noted as widespread transformation of the prostrate forms of Siberian pine and larch into erect forms. Main conclusions The spatial pattern of upper mountain forests as well as the response of forests to warming strongly depends on topographic relief features (elevation, azimuth and slope steepness). With elevation increase (and thus a harsher environment) forests shifted to steep wind-protected slopes. A considerable increase in the stand area and increased elevation of the upper forest line was observed coincident with the climate warming that was observed. Warming promotes migration of trees to areas that are less protected from winter desiccation and snow abrasion (i.e. areas with lower values of slope steepness). Climate-induced forest response has significantly modified the spatial patterns of high-elevation forests in southern Siberia during the last four decades, as well as tree morphology.
Полный текст,
WOS,
Scopus
Держатели документа:
[Kharuk, Vyacheslav I.
Im, Sergey T.] Sukachev Inst Forest SB RAS, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia
[Ranson, Kenneth J.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA
[Vdovin, Alexander S.] Siberian Fed Univ, Krasnoyarsk 660041, Russia
Доп.точки доступа:
Kharuk, V.I.; Ranson, K.J.; Im, S.T.; Vdovin, A.S.
Рубрики:
GLACIER-NATIONAL-PARK
CLIMATE-CHANGE
SWEDISH SCANDES
TUNDRA ECOTONE
ALPINE
MOUNTAINS
TREELINE
20TH-CENTURY
PERSPECTIVE
ENVIRONMENT
Кл.слова (ненормированные):
Alpine ecotone -- climate change -- landscape ecology -- mountain forests -- Siberia -- tree line -- topographic analysis
GLACIER-NATIONAL-PARK
CLIMATE-CHANGE
SWEDISH SCANDES
TUNDRA ECOTONE
ALPINE
MOUNTAINS
TREELINE
20TH-CENTURY
PERSPECTIVE
ENVIRONMENT
Кл.слова (ненормированные):
Alpine ecotone -- climate change -- landscape ecology -- mountain forests -- Siberia -- tree line -- topographic analysis
Аннотация: Aim To evaluate the hypothesis that topographic features of high-elevation mountain environments govern spatial distribution and climate-driven dynamics of the forest. Location Upper mountain forest stands (elevation range 1800-2600 m) in the mountains of southern Siberia. Methods Archive maps, satellite and on-ground data from1960 to 2002 were used. Data were normalized to avoid bias caused by uneven distribution of topographic features (elevation, azimuth and slope steepness) within the analysed area. Spatial distribution of forest stands was analysed with respect to topography based on a digital elevation model (DEM). Results Spatial patterns in mountain forests are anisotropic with respect to azimuth, slope steepness and elevation. At a given elevation, the majority of forests occupied slopes with greater than mean slope values. As the elevation increased, forests shifted to steeper slopes. The orientation of forest azimuth distribution changed clockwise with increase in elevation (the total shift was 120 degrees), indicating a combined effect of wind and water stress on the observed forest patterns. Warming caused changes in the forest distribution patterns during the last four decades. The area of closed forests increased 1.5 times, which was attributed to increased stand density and tree migration. The migration rate was 1.5 +/- 0.9 m year-1, causing a mean forest line shift of 63 +/- 37 m. Along with upward migration, downward tree migration onto hill slopes was observed. Changes in tree morphology were also noted as widespread transformation of the prostrate forms of Siberian pine and larch into erect forms. Main conclusions The spatial pattern of upper mountain forests as well as the response of forests to warming strongly depends on topographic relief features (elevation, azimuth and slope steepness). With elevation increase (and thus a harsher environment) forests shifted to steep wind-protected slopes. A considerable increase in the stand area and increased elevation of the upper forest line was observed coincident with the climate warming that was observed. Warming promotes migration of trees to areas that are less protected from winter desiccation and snow abrasion (i.e. areas with lower values of slope steepness). Climate-induced forest response has significantly modified the spatial patterns of high-elevation forests in southern Siberia during the last four decades, as well as tree morphology.
Полный текст,
WOS,
Scopus
Держатели документа:
[Kharuk, Vyacheslav I.
Im, Sergey T.] Sukachev Inst Forest SB RAS, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia
[Ranson, Kenneth J.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA
[Vdovin, Alexander S.] Siberian Fed Univ, Krasnoyarsk 660041, Russia
Доп.точки доступа:
Kharuk, V.I.; Ranson, K.J.; Im, S.T.; Vdovin, A.S.
Storage and mobility of black carbon in permafrost soils of the forest tundra ecotone in Northern Siberia
[Text] / G. . Guggenberger [et al.] // Glob. Change Biol. - 2008. - Vol. 14, Is. 6. - P1367-1381, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01568.x. - Cited References: 72
. - 15. - ISSN 1354-1013
РУБ Biodiversity Conservation + Ecology + Environmental Sciences
Аннотация: Boreal permafrost soils store large amounts of organic carbon (OC). Parts of this carbon (C) might be black carbon (BC) generated during vegetation fires. Rising temperature and permafrost degradation is expected to have different consequences for OC and BC, because BC is considered to be a refractory subfraction of soil organic matter. To get some insight into stocks, variability, and characteristics of BC in permafrost soils, we estimated the benzene polycarboxylic acid (BPCA) method-specific composition and storage of BC, i.e. BPCA-BC, in a 0.44 km(2)-sized catchment at the forest tundra ecotone in northern Siberia. Furthermore, we assessed the BPCA-BC export with the stream draining the catchment. The catchment is composed of various landscape units with south-southwest (SSW) exposed mineral soils characterized by thick active layer or lacking permafrost, north-northeast (NNE) faced mineral soils with thin active layer, and permafrost-affected raised bogs in plateau positions showing in part thermokarst formation. There were indications of vegetation fires at all landscape units. BC was ubiquitous in the catchment soils and BPCA-BC amounted to 0.6-3.0% of OC. This corresponded to a BC storage of 22-3440 g m(-2). The relative contribution of BPCA-BC to OC, as well as the absolute stocks of BPCA-BC were largest in the intact bogs with a shallow active layer followed by mineral soils of the NNE aspects. In both landscape units, a large proportion of BPCA-BC was stored within the permafrost. In contrast, mineral soils with thick active layer or lacking permafrost and organic soils subjected to thermokarst formation stored less BPCA-BC. Permafrost is, hence, not only a crucial factor in the storage of OC but also of BC. In the stream water BPCA-BC amounted on an average to 3.9% of OC, and a yearly export of 0.10 g BPCA-BC m(-2) was calculated, most of it occurring during the period of snow melt with dominance of surface flow. This suggests that BC mobility in dissolved and colloidal phase is an important pathway of BC export from the catchment. Such a transport mechanism may explain the high BC concentrations found in sediments of the Arctic Ocean.
WOS,
Scopus,
Полный текст
Держатели документа:
[Guggenberger, Georg
Rodionov, Andrej
Grabe, Matthias] Univ Halle Wittenberg, Inst Agr & Nutr Sci, D-06108 Halle, Germany
[Rodionov, Andrej] Brandenburg Tech Univ Cottbus, Chair Soil Protect & Recultivat, D-03013 Cottbus, Germany
[Shibistova, Olga
Mikheyeva, Natalia
Zrazhevskaya, Galina] RAS, VN Sukachev Inst Forest, Akademgorodok, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia
[Grabe, Matthias] Max Planck Inst Biogeochem, D-07745 Jena, Germany
[Kasansky, Oleg A.] RAS, SB, Field Stn Igarka, Permafrost Inst Yakutsk, Igarka 663200, Russia
[Fuchs, Hans] Univ Gottingen, Inst Forest Management & Yield Sci, D-37077 Gottingen, Germany
[Flessa, Heiner] Univ Gottingen, Inst Soil Sci & Forest Nutr, D-37077 Gottingen, Germany
Доп.точки доступа:
Guggenberger, G...; Rodionov, A...; Shibistova, O...; Grabe, M...; Kasansky, O.A.; Fuchs, H...; Mikheyeva, N...; Zrazhevskaya, G...; Flessa, H...
Рубрики:
DISSOLVED ORGANIC-MATTER
SCOTS PINE FORESTS
BOREAL FOREST
ISOTOPE GEOCHEMISTRY
PYROGENIC CARBON
ARCTIC TUNDRA
STATE C-13
FIRE
CHARCOAL
ECOSYSTEMS
Кл.слова (ненормированные):
active layer -- benzene polycarboxylic acid method -- black carbon -- catchment -- forest tundra -- permafrost -- raised bogs -- soil organic carbon -- thermokarst -- topography
DISSOLVED ORGANIC-MATTER
SCOTS PINE FORESTS
BOREAL FOREST
ISOTOPE GEOCHEMISTRY
PYROGENIC CARBON
ARCTIC TUNDRA
STATE C-13
FIRE
CHARCOAL
ECOSYSTEMS
Кл.слова (ненормированные):
active layer -- benzene polycarboxylic acid method -- black carbon -- catchment -- forest tundra -- permafrost -- raised bogs -- soil organic carbon -- thermokarst -- topography
Аннотация: Boreal permafrost soils store large amounts of organic carbon (OC). Parts of this carbon (C) might be black carbon (BC) generated during vegetation fires. Rising temperature and permafrost degradation is expected to have different consequences for OC and BC, because BC is considered to be a refractory subfraction of soil organic matter. To get some insight into stocks, variability, and characteristics of BC in permafrost soils, we estimated the benzene polycarboxylic acid (BPCA) method-specific composition and storage of BC, i.e. BPCA-BC, in a 0.44 km(2)-sized catchment at the forest tundra ecotone in northern Siberia. Furthermore, we assessed the BPCA-BC export with the stream draining the catchment. The catchment is composed of various landscape units with south-southwest (SSW) exposed mineral soils characterized by thick active layer or lacking permafrost, north-northeast (NNE) faced mineral soils with thin active layer, and permafrost-affected raised bogs in plateau positions showing in part thermokarst formation. There were indications of vegetation fires at all landscape units. BC was ubiquitous in the catchment soils and BPCA-BC amounted to 0.6-3.0% of OC. This corresponded to a BC storage of 22-3440 g m(-2). The relative contribution of BPCA-BC to OC, as well as the absolute stocks of BPCA-BC were largest in the intact bogs with a shallow active layer followed by mineral soils of the NNE aspects. In both landscape units, a large proportion of BPCA-BC was stored within the permafrost. In contrast, mineral soils with thick active layer or lacking permafrost and organic soils subjected to thermokarst formation stored less BPCA-BC. Permafrost is, hence, not only a crucial factor in the storage of OC but also of BC. In the stream water BPCA-BC amounted on an average to 3.9% of OC, and a yearly export of 0.10 g BPCA-BC m(-2) was calculated, most of it occurring during the period of snow melt with dominance of surface flow. This suggests that BC mobility in dissolved and colloidal phase is an important pathway of BC export from the catchment. Such a transport mechanism may explain the high BC concentrations found in sediments of the Arctic Ocean.
WOS,
Scopus,
Полный текст
Держатели документа:
[Guggenberger, Georg
Rodionov, Andrej
Grabe, Matthias] Univ Halle Wittenberg, Inst Agr & Nutr Sci, D-06108 Halle, Germany
[Rodionov, Andrej] Brandenburg Tech Univ Cottbus, Chair Soil Protect & Recultivat, D-03013 Cottbus, Germany
[Shibistova, Olga
Mikheyeva, Natalia
Zrazhevskaya, Galina] RAS, VN Sukachev Inst Forest, Akademgorodok, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia
[Grabe, Matthias] Max Planck Inst Biogeochem, D-07745 Jena, Germany
[Kasansky, Oleg A.] RAS, SB, Field Stn Igarka, Permafrost Inst Yakutsk, Igarka 663200, Russia
[Fuchs, Hans] Univ Gottingen, Inst Forest Management & Yield Sci, D-37077 Gottingen, Germany
[Flessa, Heiner] Univ Gottingen, Inst Soil Sci & Forest Nutr, D-37077 Gottingen, Germany
Доп.точки доступа:
Guggenberger, G...; Rodionov, A...; Shibistova, O...; Grabe, M...; Kasansky, O.A.; Fuchs, H...; Mikheyeva, N...; Zrazhevskaya, G...; Flessa, H...
Responses of ring widths and maximum densities of Larix gmelinii to climate on contrasting north- and south-facing slopes in central Siberia
[Text] / J. . Kujansuu [et al.] // Ecol. Res. - 2007. - Vol. 22, Is. 4. - P582-592, DOI 10.1007/s11284-006-0062-4. - Cited References: 27
. - 11. - ISSN 0912-3814
РУБ Ecology
Аннотация: An analysis was performed of the climatic responses of the radial growth of Larix gmelinii (Rupr.) Rupr. at two sites-both of which included contrasting north- and south-facing slopes-in Tura, central Siberia, with the development of ring width and maximum-density chronologies for each slope. Both residual and standard chronologies of ring widths were positively correlated with temperature from late May until mid June on all four slopes. By contrast, standard chronologies of ring widths were negatively correlated with precipitation during the winter (from October to April) and in May on the north-facing slope at site 1 and on the south-facing slope at site 2 respectively. The negative correlations with precipitation during the winter and in May on some of the slopes suggested that delayed snowmelt in early spring might inhibit the radial growth of L. gmelinii, and the effects of snow are likely to vary with topography. Both residual and standard chronologies of maximum densities were positively correlated with temperature in early July on all four slopes. Maximum densities were also positively correlated with precipitation during summer of the previous year on all the slopes. These suggest that no major differences exist in terms of responses of maximum density to climatic factors between the north- and south-facing slopes.
Полный текст,
WOS,
Scopus
Держатели документа:
Shinshu Univ, Fac Agr, Dept Forest Sci, Nagano 3994598, Japan
Gifu Univ, United Grad Sch Agr Sci, Gifu 5011193, Japan
Hokkaido Univ, Grad Sch Agr, Sapporo, Hokkaido 0600811, Japan
Russian Acad Sci, Sukachev Inst Forest, Siberian Branch, Academgorodok, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia
Forestry & Forest Prod Res Inst, Kyushu Res Ctr, Kumamoto 8600862, Japan
Forestry & Forest Prod Res Inst, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058687, Japan
Доп.точки доступа:
Kujansuu, J...; Yasue, K...; Koike, T...; Abaimov, A.P.; Kajimoto, T...; Takeda, T...; Tokumoto, M...; Matsuura, Y...
Рубрики:
TRACHEID DIMENSIONS
SUMMER TEMPERATURE
TREE GROWTH
TIME-SERIES
MELT
Кл.слова (ненормированные):
Larix gmelinii -- Siberia -- climatic response -- ring width -- maximum density
TRACHEID DIMENSIONS
SUMMER TEMPERATURE
TREE GROWTH
TIME-SERIES
MELT
Кл.слова (ненормированные):
Larix gmelinii -- Siberia -- climatic response -- ring width -- maximum density
Аннотация: An analysis was performed of the climatic responses of the radial growth of Larix gmelinii (Rupr.) Rupr. at two sites-both of which included contrasting north- and south-facing slopes-in Tura, central Siberia, with the development of ring width and maximum-density chronologies for each slope. Both residual and standard chronologies of ring widths were positively correlated with temperature from late May until mid June on all four slopes. By contrast, standard chronologies of ring widths were negatively correlated with precipitation during the winter (from October to April) and in May on the north-facing slope at site 1 and on the south-facing slope at site 2 respectively. The negative correlations with precipitation during the winter and in May on some of the slopes suggested that delayed snowmelt in early spring might inhibit the radial growth of L. gmelinii, and the effects of snow are likely to vary with topography. Both residual and standard chronologies of maximum densities were positively correlated with temperature in early July on all four slopes. Maximum densities were also positively correlated with precipitation during summer of the previous year on all the slopes. These suggest that no major differences exist in terms of responses of maximum density to climatic factors between the north- and south-facing slopes.
Полный текст,
WOS,
Scopus
Держатели документа:
Shinshu Univ, Fac Agr, Dept Forest Sci, Nagano 3994598, Japan
Gifu Univ, United Grad Sch Agr Sci, Gifu 5011193, Japan
Hokkaido Univ, Grad Sch Agr, Sapporo, Hokkaido 0600811, Japan
Russian Acad Sci, Sukachev Inst Forest, Siberian Branch, Academgorodok, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia
Forestry & Forest Prod Res Inst, Kyushu Res Ctr, Kumamoto 8600862, Japan
Forestry & Forest Prod Res Inst, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058687, Japan
Доп.точки доступа:
Kujansuu, J...; Yasue, K...; Koike, T...; Abaimov, A.P.; Kajimoto, T...; Takeda, T...; Tokumoto, M...; Matsuura, Y...
The importance of early summer temperature and date of snow melt for tree growth in the Siberian Subarctic
[Text] / A. . Kirdyanov [et al.] // Trees-Struct. Funct. - 2003. - Vol. 17, Is. 1. - P61-69, DOI 10.1007/s00468-002-0209-z. - Cited References: 51
. - 9. - ISSN 0931-1890
РУБ Forestry
Аннотация: Wood material for at least 12 larch trees at six sites [Larix sibirica Ldb, Larix gmelinii (Rupr.) Rupr, Larix cajanderi Mayr] near the northern timberline in Siberia was analyzed to investigate influence of climatic factor changes on tree-ring growth at high latitudes. Tree-ring cell size, maximum latewood density and ring width measured by means of image analysis and X-ray radiodensitometry and calculated latewood cell-wall thickness were used. Correlation analysis of tree-ring structure parameter chronologies with temperatures averaged over periods of 5 days (pentad) shows that early summer temperature (mean for 5-6 pentads, depending on the region, starting from the middle of June) and date of snow melt are the most important factors that define seasonal growth and tree-ring structure. Analysis of instrumental climatic data indicates that a positive trend of early summer temperature was combined with winter precipitation (October-April) increase and this combination leads to later snow melt. Based of the results of tree-ring growth modelling, it was shown that later snow melt (hence, delayed initiation of cambial activity and, as a result, decrease of wood production) explains the changes in the relationship between tree ring width and summer temperature dynamics observed after the 1960s for a large area of the Siberian Subarctic. The understanding of the role of winter precipitation in controlling ring growth, through its effect on the timing of cambial activation, suggests the possibility of using ring structure parameters to create reconstructions of past winter precipitation variations.
Полный текст,
WOS,
Scopus
Держатели документа:
RAS, SB, VN Sukachev Inst Forest, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia
Univ Arizona, Tree Ring Res Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA
Swiss Fed Inst Forest Snow & Landscape Res, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
Доп.точки доступа:
Kirdyanov, A...; Hughes, M...; Vaganov, E...; Schweingruber, F...; Silkin, P...
Рубрики:
ALASKAN WHITE SPRUCE
ENVIRONMENTAL-FACTORS
WOOD FORMATION
20TH-CENTURY
STEMS
Кл.слова (ненормированные):
dendrochronology -- tree-ring growth -- tree-ring structure -- early summer temperature -- snow cover
ALASKAN WHITE SPRUCE
ENVIRONMENTAL-FACTORS
WOOD FORMATION
20TH-CENTURY
STEMS
Кл.слова (ненормированные):
dendrochronology -- tree-ring growth -- tree-ring structure -- early summer temperature -- snow cover
Аннотация: Wood material for at least 12 larch trees at six sites [Larix sibirica Ldb, Larix gmelinii (Rupr.) Rupr, Larix cajanderi Mayr] near the northern timberline in Siberia was analyzed to investigate influence of climatic factor changes on tree-ring growth at high latitudes. Tree-ring cell size, maximum latewood density and ring width measured by means of image analysis and X-ray radiodensitometry and calculated latewood cell-wall thickness were used. Correlation analysis of tree-ring structure parameter chronologies with temperatures averaged over periods of 5 days (pentad) shows that early summer temperature (mean for 5-6 pentads, depending on the region, starting from the middle of June) and date of snow melt are the most important factors that define seasonal growth and tree-ring structure. Analysis of instrumental climatic data indicates that a positive trend of early summer temperature was combined with winter precipitation (October-April) increase and this combination leads to later snow melt. Based of the results of tree-ring growth modelling, it was shown that later snow melt (hence, delayed initiation of cambial activity and, as a result, decrease of wood production) explains the changes in the relationship between tree ring width and summer temperature dynamics observed after the 1960s for a large area of the Siberian Subarctic. The understanding of the role of winter precipitation in controlling ring growth, through its effect on the timing of cambial activation, suggests the possibility of using ring structure parameters to create reconstructions of past winter precipitation variations.
Полный текст,
WOS,
Scopus
Держатели документа:
RAS, SB, VN Sukachev Inst Forest, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia
Univ Arizona, Tree Ring Res Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA
Swiss Fed Inst Forest Snow & Landscape Res, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
Доп.точки доступа:
Kirdyanov, A...; Hughes, M...; Vaganov, E...; Schweingruber, F...; Silkin, P...
Comparative ecosystem-atmosphere exchange of energy and mass in a European Russian and a central Siberian bog II. Interseasonal and interannual variability of CO2 fluxes
[Text] / A. . Arneth [et al.] // Tellus Ser. B-Chem. Phys. Meteorol. - 2002. - Vol. 54, Is. 5. - P514-530, DOI 10.1034/j.1600-0889.2002.01349.x. - Cited References: 53
. - 17. - ISSN 0280-6509
РУБ Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Аннотация: Net ecosystem-atmosphere exchange of CO2 (NEE) was measured in two boreal bogs during the snow-free periods of 1998, 1999 and 2000. The two sites were located in European Russia (Fyodorovskoye), and in central Siberia (Zotino). Climate at both sites was generally continental but with more extreme summer-winter gradients in temperature at the more eastern site Zotino. The snow-free period in Fyodorovskoye exceeded the snow-free period at Zotino by several weeks. Marked seasonal and interannual differences in NEE were observed at both locations, with contrasting rates and patterns. Amongst the most important contrasts were: (1) Ecosystem respiration at a reference soil temperature was higher at Fyodorovskoye than at Zotino. (2) The diurnal amplitude of summer NEE was larger at Fyodorovskoye than at Zotino. (3) There was a modest tendency for maximum 24 h NEE during average rainfall years to be more negative at Zotino (-0.17 versus -0.15 mol m(-2) d(-1)), suggesting a higher productivity during the summer months. (4) Cumulative net uptake of CO2 during the snow-free period was strongly related to climatic differences between years. In Zotino the interannual variability in climate, and also in the CO2 balance during the snow-free period, was small. However, at Fyodorovskoye the bog was a significant carbon sink in one season and a substantial source for CO2-C in the next, which was below-average dry. Total snow-free uptake and annual estimates of net CO2-C uptake are discussed, including associated uncertainties.
WOS
Держатели документа:
Max Planck Inst Biogeochem, D-07701 Jena, Germany
Max Planck Inst Meteorol, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany
Severtsov Inst Ecol & Evolut, Moscow, Russia
VN Sukachev Forest Inst, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia
Доп.точки доступа:
Arneth, A...; Kurbatova, J...; Kolle, O...; Shibistova, O.B.; Lloyd, J...; Vygodskaya, N.N.; Schulze, E.D.
Рубрики:
CARBON-DIOXIDE EXCHANGE
EDDY COVARIANCE
ARCTIC FEN
PEATLAND ECOSYSTEM
NORTHERN PEATLANDS
BOREAL WETLAND
GAS-EXCHANGE
WATER
FOREST
ACCUMULATION
CARBON-DIOXIDE EXCHANGE
EDDY COVARIANCE
ARCTIC FEN
PEATLAND ECOSYSTEM
NORTHERN PEATLANDS
BOREAL WETLAND
GAS-EXCHANGE
WATER
FOREST
ACCUMULATION
Аннотация: Net ecosystem-atmosphere exchange of CO2 (NEE) was measured in two boreal bogs during the snow-free periods of 1998, 1999 and 2000. The two sites were located in European Russia (Fyodorovskoye), and in central Siberia (Zotino). Climate at both sites was generally continental but with more extreme summer-winter gradients in temperature at the more eastern site Zotino. The snow-free period in Fyodorovskoye exceeded the snow-free period at Zotino by several weeks. Marked seasonal and interannual differences in NEE were observed at both locations, with contrasting rates and patterns. Amongst the most important contrasts were: (1) Ecosystem respiration at a reference soil temperature was higher at Fyodorovskoye than at Zotino. (2) The diurnal amplitude of summer NEE was larger at Fyodorovskoye than at Zotino. (3) There was a modest tendency for maximum 24 h NEE during average rainfall years to be more negative at Zotino (-0.17 versus -0.15 mol m(-2) d(-1)), suggesting a higher productivity during the summer months. (4) Cumulative net uptake of CO2 during the snow-free period was strongly related to climatic differences between years. In Zotino the interannual variability in climate, and also in the CO2 balance during the snow-free period, was small. However, at Fyodorovskoye the bog was a significant carbon sink in one season and a substantial source for CO2-C in the next, which was below-average dry. Total snow-free uptake and annual estimates of net CO2-C uptake are discussed, including associated uncertainties.
WOS
Держатели документа:
Max Planck Inst Biogeochem, D-07701 Jena, Germany
Max Planck Inst Meteorol, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany
Severtsov Inst Ecol & Evolut, Moscow, Russia
VN Sukachev Forest Inst, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia
Доп.точки доступа:
Arneth, A...; Kurbatova, J...; Kolle, O...; Shibistova, O.B.; Lloyd, J...; Vygodskaya, N.N.; Schulze, E.D.
Spring in the boreal environment: observations on pre- and post-melt energy and CO2 fluxes in two central Siberian ecosystems
[Text] / A. . Arneth [et al.] // Boreal Environ. Res. - 2006. - Vol. 11, Is. 4. - P311-328. - Cited References: 79
. - 18. - ISSN 1239-6095
РУБ Environmental Sciences
Аннотация: A range of observations points towards earlier onset of spring in northern high latitudes. However, despite the profound effects this may have on vegetation-atmosphere exchange of carbon (NEE), vegetation-atmosphere physical coupling, or the location of the tundra-taiga interface, the number of studies that investigate winter-spring transition fluxes in contrasting northern vegetation types is limited. Here, we examine spring ecosystem-atmosphere energy and carbon exchange in a Siberian pine forest and mire. Divergent surface albedo before and during snow-melt resulted in daytime net radiation (R-n) above the forest exceeding R. above the mire by up to 10 MJ m(-2). Until stomata could open, absorbed radiation by the green pine canopy caused substantial daytime sensible heat fluxes (H 10 MJ m(-2)). H above the mire was very low, even negative (-2 MJ M-2), during that same period. Physiological activity in both ecosystems responded rapidly to warming temperatures and snow-melt, which is essential for survival in Siberia with its very short summers. On days with above-zero temperatures, before melt. was complete, low rates of forest photosynthesis (1-2 mu mol m(-2) s(-1)) were discernible. Forest and mire NEE became negative the same day, or shortly after, photosynthesis commenced. The mire lagged by about two weeks behind the forest and regained its full carbon uptake capacity at a slower rate. Our data provide empirical evidence for the importance the timing of spring and the relative proportion of forest vs. mire has for late winter/spring boundary-layer growth, and production and surface-atmosphere mixing of trace gases. Models that seek to investigate effects of increasingly earlier spring in high latitudes must correctly account for contrasting physical and biogeochemical ecosystem-atmosphere exchange in heterogeneous landscapes.
WOS,
Scopus
Держатели документа:
Lund Univ, Dept Phys Geog & Ecolsyst Anal, SE-22363 Lund, Sweden
Univ Leeds, Sch Geog, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England
VN Sukachev Forest Inst, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia
Univ Helsinki, Dept Phys Sci, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
Max Planck Inst Biogeochem, D-07701 Jena, Germany
Доп.точки доступа:
Arneth, A...; Lloyd, J...; Shibistova, O...; Sogachev, A...; Kolle, O...
Рубрики:
PINUS-SYLVESTRIS FOREST
CARBON BALANCE
INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY
ATMOSPHERE EXCHANGE
SEASONAL-VARIATIONS
RADIATION BALANCE
HIGH-LATITUDES
LARCH FOREST
SCOTS PINE
VEGETATION
PINUS-SYLVESTRIS FOREST
CARBON BALANCE
INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY
ATMOSPHERE EXCHANGE
SEASONAL-VARIATIONS
RADIATION BALANCE
HIGH-LATITUDES
LARCH FOREST
SCOTS PINE
VEGETATION
Аннотация: A range of observations points towards earlier onset of spring in northern high latitudes. However, despite the profound effects this may have on vegetation-atmosphere exchange of carbon (NEE), vegetation-atmosphere physical coupling, or the location of the tundra-taiga interface, the number of studies that investigate winter-spring transition fluxes in contrasting northern vegetation types is limited. Here, we examine spring ecosystem-atmosphere energy and carbon exchange in a Siberian pine forest and mire. Divergent surface albedo before and during snow-melt resulted in daytime net radiation (R-n) above the forest exceeding R. above the mire by up to 10 MJ m(-2). Until stomata could open, absorbed radiation by the green pine canopy caused substantial daytime sensible heat fluxes (H 10 MJ m(-2)). H above the mire was very low, even negative (-2 MJ M-2), during that same period. Physiological activity in both ecosystems responded rapidly to warming temperatures and snow-melt, which is essential for survival in Siberia with its very short summers. On days with above-zero temperatures, before melt. was complete, low rates of forest photosynthesis (1-2 mu mol m(-2) s(-1)) were discernible. Forest and mire NEE became negative the same day, or shortly after, photosynthesis commenced. The mire lagged by about two weeks behind the forest and regained its full carbon uptake capacity at a slower rate. Our data provide empirical evidence for the importance the timing of spring and the relative proportion of forest vs. mire has for late winter/spring boundary-layer growth, and production and surface-atmosphere mixing of trace gases. Models that seek to investigate effects of increasingly earlier spring in high latitudes must correctly account for contrasting physical and biogeochemical ecosystem-atmosphere exchange in heterogeneous landscapes.
WOS,
Scopus
Держатели документа:
Lund Univ, Dept Phys Geog & Ecolsyst Anal, SE-22363 Lund, Sweden
Univ Leeds, Sch Geog, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England
VN Sukachev Forest Inst, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia
Univ Helsinki, Dept Phys Sci, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
Max Planck Inst Biogeochem, D-07701 Jena, Germany
Доп.точки доступа:
Arneth, A...; Lloyd, J...; Shibistova, O...; Sogachev, A...; Kolle, O...
Do centennial tree-ring and stable isotope trends of Larix gmelinii (Rupr.) Rupr. indicate increasing water shortage in the Siberian north?
[Text] / O. V. Sidorova [et al.] // Oecologia. - 2009. - Vol. 161, Is. 4. - P825-835, DOI 10.1007/s00442-009-1411-0. - Cited References: 70. - This study was supported by the Swiss National Science Foundation (SNF 200021_121838/1, PIOI2-119259), the Joint Research Project SCOPES (no. IB73A0-111134), and the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (RFBR nos. 06-05-64095-a, 07-04-96819r_enisey, 07-04-00293a, 09-05-98015_r_sibir_a). This work was conducted in collaboration with the European Union-funded Millennium Project (017008). Special thanks to Prof. Danny McCarroll from Swansea University, UK for useful discussion and valuable comments on the early stage of this manuscript. We would like to thank the editor-in-chief, Christian Korner, the handling editor, Dan Yakir, and the two anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments.
. - 11. - ISSN 0029-8549
РУБ Ecology
Аннотация: Tree-ring width of Larix gmelinii (Rupr.) Rupr., ratios of stable isotopes of C (delta(13)C) and O (delta(18)O) of whole wood and cellulose chronologies were obtained for the northern part of central Siberia (Tura, Russia) for the period 1864-2006. A strong decrease in the isotope ratios of O and C (after atmospheric delta(13)C corrections) and tree-ring width was observed for the period 1967-2005, while weather station data show a decrease in July precipitation, along with increasing July air temperature and vapor pressure deficit (VPD). Temperature at the end of May and the whole month of June mainly determines tree radial growth and marks the beginning of the vegetation period in this region. A positive correlation between tree-ring width and July precipitation was found for the calibration period 1929-2005. Positive significant correlations between C isotope chronologies and temperatures of June and July were found for whole wood and cellulose and negative relationships with July precipitation. These relationships are strengthened when the likely physiological response of trees to increased CO(2) is taken into account (by applying a recently developed delta(13)C correction). For the O isotope ratios, positive relationships with annual temperature, VPD of July and a negative correlation with annual precipitation were observed. The delta(18)O in tree rings may reflect annual rather than summer temperatures, due to the late melting of the winter snow and its contribution to the tree water supply in summer. We observed a clear change in the isotope and climate trends after the 1960s, resulting in a drastic change in the relationship between C and O isotope ratios from a negative to a positive correlation. According to isotope fractionation models, this indicates reduced stomatal conductance at a relatively constant photosynthetic rate, as a response of trees to water deficit for the last half century in this permafrost region.
Полный текст,
WOS,
Scopus
Держатели документа:
[Sidorova, Olga Vladimirovna
Shashkin, Alexander V.
Knorre, Anastasia A.
Prokushkin, Anatoliy S.
Vaganov, Eugene A.
Kirdyanov, Alexander V.] VN Sukachev Inst Forest, Akademgorodok 660036, Russia
[Sidorova, Olga Vladimirovna
Siegwolf, Rolf T. W.
Saurer, Matthias] Paul Scherrer Inst, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland
[Knorre, Anastasia A.
Vaganov, Eugene A.] Siberian Fed Univ, Krasnoyarsk 660041, Russia
Доп.точки доступа:
Sidorova, O.V.; Siegwolf, RTW; Saurer, M...; Shashkin, A.V.; Knorre, A.A.; Prokushkin, A.S.; Vaganov, E.A.; Kirdyanov, A.V.; Swiss National Science Foundation [SNF 200021_121838/1, PIOI2-119259]; Joint Research Project SCOPES [IB73A0-111134]; Russian Foundation for Basic Research (RFBR) [06-05-64095-a, 07-04-96819r_enisey, 07-04-00293a, 09-05-98015_r_sibir_a]; European Union [017008]
Рубрики:
ATMOSPHERIC CO2
PINUS-SYLVESTRIS
CARBON ISOTOPES
CLIMATE SIGNAL
FRENCH ALPS
GROWTH
DELTA-C-13
CELLULOSE
RATIOS
OXYGEN
Кл.слова (ненормированные):
Stable carbon isotope ratio -- Stable oxygen isotope ratio -- Climatic changes -- Tree-ring width -- Tura
ATMOSPHERIC CO2
PINUS-SYLVESTRIS
CARBON ISOTOPES
CLIMATE SIGNAL
FRENCH ALPS
GROWTH
DELTA-C-13
CELLULOSE
RATIOS
OXYGEN
Кл.слова (ненормированные):
Stable carbon isotope ratio -- Stable oxygen isotope ratio -- Climatic changes -- Tree-ring width -- Tura
Аннотация: Tree-ring width of Larix gmelinii (Rupr.) Rupr., ratios of stable isotopes of C (delta(13)C) and O (delta(18)O) of whole wood and cellulose chronologies were obtained for the northern part of central Siberia (Tura, Russia) for the period 1864-2006. A strong decrease in the isotope ratios of O and C (after atmospheric delta(13)C corrections) and tree-ring width was observed for the period 1967-2005, while weather station data show a decrease in July precipitation, along with increasing July air temperature and vapor pressure deficit (VPD). Temperature at the end of May and the whole month of June mainly determines tree radial growth and marks the beginning of the vegetation period in this region. A positive correlation between tree-ring width and July precipitation was found for the calibration period 1929-2005. Positive significant correlations between C isotope chronologies and temperatures of June and July were found for whole wood and cellulose and negative relationships with July precipitation. These relationships are strengthened when the likely physiological response of trees to increased CO(2) is taken into account (by applying a recently developed delta(13)C correction). For the O isotope ratios, positive relationships with annual temperature, VPD of July and a negative correlation with annual precipitation were observed. The delta(18)O in tree rings may reflect annual rather than summer temperatures, due to the late melting of the winter snow and its contribution to the tree water supply in summer. We observed a clear change in the isotope and climate trends after the 1960s, resulting in a drastic change in the relationship between C and O isotope ratios from a negative to a positive correlation. According to isotope fractionation models, this indicates reduced stomatal conductance at a relatively constant photosynthetic rate, as a response of trees to water deficit for the last half century in this permafrost region.
Полный текст,
WOS,
Scopus
Держатели документа:
[Sidorova, Olga Vladimirovna
Shashkin, Alexander V.
Knorre, Anastasia A.
Prokushkin, Anatoliy S.
Vaganov, Eugene A.
Kirdyanov, Alexander V.] VN Sukachev Inst Forest, Akademgorodok 660036, Russia
[Sidorova, Olga Vladimirovna
Siegwolf, Rolf T. W.
Saurer, Matthias] Paul Scherrer Inst, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland
[Knorre, Anastasia A.
Vaganov, Eugene A.] Siberian Fed Univ, Krasnoyarsk 660041, Russia
Доп.точки доступа:
Sidorova, O.V.; Siegwolf, RTW; Saurer, M...; Shashkin, A.V.; Knorre, A.A.; Prokushkin, A.S.; Vaganov, E.A.; Kirdyanov, A.V.; Swiss National Science Foundation [SNF 200021_121838/1, PIOI2-119259]; Joint Research Project SCOPES [IB73A0-111134]; Russian Foundation for Basic Research (RFBR) [06-05-64095-a, 07-04-96819r_enisey, 07-04-00293a, 09-05-98015_r_sibir_a]; European Union [017008]
Regeneration patterns in boreal Scots pine glades linked to cold-induced photoinhibition
[Text] / M. . Slot [et al.] // Tree Physiol. - 2005. - Vol. 25, Is. 9. - P1139-1150. - Cited References: 37
. - 12. - ISSN 0829-318X
РУБ Forestry
Аннотация: Regeneration patterns of Pinus sylvestris L. juveniles in central Siberian glades were studied in relation to cold-induced photoinhibition. Spatial distribution of seedlings in different height classes revealed higher seedling densities beneath the canopy than beyond the canopy, and significantly higher densities of seedlings < 50 cm tall on the north side of the trees. These patterns coincided with differences in light conditions. Compared with plants on the north side of canopy trees (north-exposed), photosynthetic photon flux (PPF) received by plants on the south side of canopy trees (south-exposed) was always higher, making south-exposed plants more susceptible to photoinhibition, especially on cool mornings. Chlorophyll fluorescence data revealed lower photochemical efficiency and increased non-photochemical quenching of small (20-50 cm in height), south-exposed seedlings from spring to early autumn, indicating increased excitation pressure on photosynthesis. Maximum rate of oxygen evolution was less in south-exposed plants than in north-exposed plants. Increased pools of xanthophyll cycle pigments and formation of the photoprotective zeaxanthin provided further evidence for the higher susceptibility to photoinhibition of south-exposed seedlings. A linear mixed model analysis explained many of the physiological differences observed in seedlings according to height class and aspect with early morning temperature and PPF as predictors. The link between photoinhibition and differential distribution of seedlings by height class suggests that photoinhibition, together with other environmental stresses, decreases the survival of small, south-exposed P sylvestris seedlings, thereby significantly affecting the regeneration pattern of central Siberian pine glades.
Полный текст,
WOS,
Scopus
Держатели документа:
Univ Wageningen & Res Ctr, Forest Ecol & Forest Management Grp, NL-6700 AH Wageningen, Netherlands
Princeton Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA
Russian Acad Sci, Inst Forest, Siberian Branch, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia
Max Planck Inst Biogeochem, D-07745 Jena, Germany
Доп.точки доступа:
Slot, M...; Wirth, C...; Schumacher, J...; Mohren, GMJ; Shibistova, O...; Lloyd, J...; Ensminger, I...
Рубрики:
DEPENDENT ENERGY-DISSIPATION
XANTHOPHYLL CYCLE
ALPINE-TREELINE
LOW-TEMPERATURE
SNOW GUM
SEEDLINGS
GROWTH
PLANTS
LIGHT
PHOTOSYNTHESIS
Кл.слова (ненормированные):
environmental stress -- excitation pressure -- Pinus sylvestris -- Siberia -- xanthophyll cycle
DEPENDENT ENERGY-DISSIPATION
XANTHOPHYLL CYCLE
ALPINE-TREELINE
LOW-TEMPERATURE
SNOW GUM
SEEDLINGS
GROWTH
PLANTS
LIGHT
PHOTOSYNTHESIS
Кл.слова (ненормированные):
environmental stress -- excitation pressure -- Pinus sylvestris -- Siberia -- xanthophyll cycle
Аннотация: Regeneration patterns of Pinus sylvestris L. juveniles in central Siberian glades were studied in relation to cold-induced photoinhibition. Spatial distribution of seedlings in different height classes revealed higher seedling densities beneath the canopy than beyond the canopy, and significantly higher densities of seedlings < 50 cm tall on the north side of the trees. These patterns coincided with differences in light conditions. Compared with plants on the north side of canopy trees (north-exposed), photosynthetic photon flux (PPF) received by plants on the south side of canopy trees (south-exposed) was always higher, making south-exposed plants more susceptible to photoinhibition, especially on cool mornings. Chlorophyll fluorescence data revealed lower photochemical efficiency and increased non-photochemical quenching of small (20-50 cm in height), south-exposed seedlings from spring to early autumn, indicating increased excitation pressure on photosynthesis. Maximum rate of oxygen evolution was less in south-exposed plants than in north-exposed plants. Increased pools of xanthophyll cycle pigments and formation of the photoprotective zeaxanthin provided further evidence for the higher susceptibility to photoinhibition of south-exposed seedlings. A linear mixed model analysis explained many of the physiological differences observed in seedlings according to height class and aspect with early morning temperature and PPF as predictors. The link between photoinhibition and differential distribution of seedlings by height class suggests that photoinhibition, together with other environmental stresses, decreases the survival of small, south-exposed P sylvestris seedlings, thereby significantly affecting the regeneration pattern of central Siberian pine glades.
Полный текст,
WOS,
Scopus
Держатели документа:
Univ Wageningen & Res Ctr, Forest Ecol & Forest Management Grp, NL-6700 AH Wageningen, Netherlands
Princeton Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA
Russian Acad Sci, Inst Forest, Siberian Branch, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia
Max Planck Inst Biogeochem, D-07745 Jena, Germany
Доп.точки доступа:
Slot, M...; Wirth, C...; Schumacher, J...; Mohren, GMJ; Shibistova, O...; Lloyd, J...; Ensminger, I...
Land-atmosphere energy exchange in Arctic tundra and boreal forest: available data and feedbacks to climate
[Text] / W. . Eugster [et al.] // Glob. Change Biol. - 2000. - Vol. 6. - P84-115, DOI 10.1046/j.1365-2486.2000.06015.x. - Cited References: 132
. - 32. - ISSN 1354-1013
РУБ Biodiversity Conservation + Ecology + Environmental Sciences
Аннотация: This paper summarizes and analyses available data on the surface energy balance of Arctic tundra and boreal forest. The complex interactions between ecosystems and their surface energy balance are also examined, including climatically induced shifts in ecosystem type that might amplify or reduce the effects of potential climatic change. High latitudes are characterized by large annual changes in solar input. Albedo decreases strongly from winter, when the surface is snow-covered, to summer, especially in nonforested regions such as Arctic tundra and boreal wetlands. Evapotranspiration (Q(E)) of high-latitude ecosystems is less than from a freely evaporating surface and decreases late in the season, when soil moisture declines, indicating stomatal control over Q(E), particularly in evergreen forests. Evergreen conifer forests have a canopy conductance half that of deciduous forests and consequently lower Q(E) and higher sensible heat flux (Q(H)), There is a broad overlap in energy partitioning between Arctic and boreal ecosystems, although Arctic ecosystems and light taiga generally have higher ground heat flux because there is less leaf and stem area to shade the ground surface, and the thermal gradient from the surface to permafrost is steeper. Permafrost creates a strong heat sink in summer that reduces surface temperature and therefore heat flux to the atmosphere. Loss of permafrost would therefore amplify climatic warming. If warming caused an increase in productivity and leaf area, or fire caused a shift from evergreen to deciduous forest, this would increase Q(E) and reduce Q(H). Potential future shifts in vegetation would have varying climate feedbacks, with largest effects caused by shifts from boreal conifer to shrubland or deciduous forest (or vice versa) and from Arctic coastal to wet tundra. An increase of logging activity in the boreal forests appears to reduce Q(E) by roughly 50% with little change in Q(H), while the ground heat flux is strongly enhanced.
Полный текст,
WOS,
Scopus
Держатели документа:
Univ Bern, Inst Geog, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
McMaster Univ, Sch Geog & Geol, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA
Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Integrat Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
NOAA, ERL, ATDD, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA
Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA
Univ Alaska, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA
Russian Acad Sci, Inst Forestry, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia
Доп.точки доступа:
Eugster, W...; Rouse, W.R.; Pielke, R.A.; McFadden, J.P.; Baldocchi, D.D.; Kittel, TGF; Chapin, F.S.; Liston, G.E.; Vidale, P.L.; Vaganov, E...; Chambers, S...
Рубрики:
WILLOW BIRCH FOREST
BLACK SPRUCE FOREST
HUDSON-BAY LOWLANDS
WATER-BALANCE
EASTERN SIBERIA
CARBON-DIOXIDE
EDDY-CORRELATION
NET-RADIATION
PINE FOREST
SEASONAL-VARIATION
Кл.слова (ненормированные):
Arctic tundra -- boreal forest -- circumpolar high-latitudes -- climate feedbacks -- eddy covariance flux data -- surface energy balance
WILLOW BIRCH FOREST
BLACK SPRUCE FOREST
HUDSON-BAY LOWLANDS
WATER-BALANCE
EASTERN SIBERIA
CARBON-DIOXIDE
EDDY-CORRELATION
NET-RADIATION
PINE FOREST
SEASONAL-VARIATION
Кл.слова (ненормированные):
Arctic tundra -- boreal forest -- circumpolar high-latitudes -- climate feedbacks -- eddy covariance flux data -- surface energy balance
Аннотация: This paper summarizes and analyses available data on the surface energy balance of Arctic tundra and boreal forest. The complex interactions between ecosystems and their surface energy balance are also examined, including climatically induced shifts in ecosystem type that might amplify or reduce the effects of potential climatic change. High latitudes are characterized by large annual changes in solar input. Albedo decreases strongly from winter, when the surface is snow-covered, to summer, especially in nonforested regions such as Arctic tundra and boreal wetlands. Evapotranspiration (Q(E)) of high-latitude ecosystems is less than from a freely evaporating surface and decreases late in the season, when soil moisture declines, indicating stomatal control over Q(E), particularly in evergreen forests. Evergreen conifer forests have a canopy conductance half that of deciduous forests and consequently lower Q(E) and higher sensible heat flux (Q(H)), There is a broad overlap in energy partitioning between Arctic and boreal ecosystems, although Arctic ecosystems and light taiga generally have higher ground heat flux because there is less leaf and stem area to shade the ground surface, and the thermal gradient from the surface to permafrost is steeper. Permafrost creates a strong heat sink in summer that reduces surface temperature and therefore heat flux to the atmosphere. Loss of permafrost would therefore amplify climatic warming. If warming caused an increase in productivity and leaf area, or fire caused a shift from evergreen to deciduous forest, this would increase Q(E) and reduce Q(H). Potential future shifts in vegetation would have varying climate feedbacks, with largest effects caused by shifts from boreal conifer to shrubland or deciduous forest (or vice versa) and from Arctic coastal to wet tundra. An increase of logging activity in the boreal forests appears to reduce Q(E) by roughly 50% with little change in Q(H), while the ground heat flux is strongly enhanced.
Полный текст,
WOS,
Scopus
Держатели документа:
Univ Bern, Inst Geog, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
McMaster Univ, Sch Geog & Geol, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA
Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Integrat Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
NOAA, ERL, ATDD, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA
Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA
Univ Alaska, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA
Russian Acad Sci, Inst Forestry, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia
Доп.точки доступа:
Eugster, W...; Rouse, W.R.; Pielke, R.A.; McFadden, J.P.; Baldocchi, D.D.; Kittel, TGF; Chapin, F.S.; Liston, G.E.; Vidale, P.L.; Vaganov, E...; Chambers, S...
Influence of snowfall and melt timing on tree growth in subarctic Eurasia
[Text] / E. A. Vaganov [et al.] // Nature. - 1999. - Vol. 400, Is. 6740. - P149-151. - Cited References: 23
. - 3. - ISSN 0028-0836
РУБ Multidisciplinary Sciences
Аннотация: The causes of a reduced sensitivity of high-latitude tree growth to variations in summer temperature for recent decades(1,2), compared to earlier this century, are unknown. This sensitivity change is problematic, in that relationships between tree-ring properties and temperature are widely used for reconstructing past climate. Here we report an analysis of tree-ring and climate data from the forest-tundra zone, in combination with a mechanistic model of tree-ring growth, to argue that an increasing trend of winter precipitation over the past century in many subarctic regions(3-5) led to delayed snow melt in these permafrost environments. As a result, the initiation of cambial activity (necessary for the formation of wood cells) has been delayed relative to the pre-1960 period in the Siberian subarctic. Since the early 1960s, less of the growth season has been during what had previously been the period of maximal growth sensitivity to temperature. This shift results not only in slower growth, but also in a reduced correlation between growth and temperature. Our results suggest that changes in winter precipitation should be considered in seeking explanations for observed changes in the timing of the 'spring greening' of high-latitude forests(6), and should be taken into account in the study of the role of the Siberian subarctic forest in the global carbon cycle.
Полный текст,
WOS,
Scopus
Держатели документа:
Univ Arizona, Tree Ring Res Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA
Russian Acad Sci, Academgorodok, Inst Forest SB, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia
Swiss Fed Inst Forest Snow & Landscape Res, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
Доп.точки доступа:
Vaganov, E.A.; Hughes, M.K.; Kirdyanov, A.V.; Schweingruber, F.H.; Silkin, P.P.
Рубрики:
LATITUDES
LATITUDES
Аннотация: The causes of a reduced sensitivity of high-latitude tree growth to variations in summer temperature for recent decades(1,2), compared to earlier this century, are unknown. This sensitivity change is problematic, in that relationships between tree-ring properties and temperature are widely used for reconstructing past climate. Here we report an analysis of tree-ring and climate data from the forest-tundra zone, in combination with a mechanistic model of tree-ring growth, to argue that an increasing trend of winter precipitation over the past century in many subarctic regions(3-5) led to delayed snow melt in these permafrost environments. As a result, the initiation of cambial activity (necessary for the formation of wood cells) has been delayed relative to the pre-1960 period in the Siberian subarctic. Since the early 1960s, less of the growth season has been during what had previously been the period of maximal growth sensitivity to temperature. This shift results not only in slower growth, but also in a reduced correlation between growth and temperature. Our results suggest that changes in winter precipitation should be considered in seeking explanations for observed changes in the timing of the 'spring greening' of high-latitude forests(6), and should be taken into account in the study of the role of the Siberian subarctic forest in the global carbon cycle.
Полный текст,
WOS,
Scopus
Держатели документа:
Univ Arizona, Tree Ring Res Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA
Russian Acad Sci, Academgorodok, Inst Forest SB, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia
Swiss Fed Inst Forest Snow & Landscape Res, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
Доп.точки доступа:
Vaganov, E.A.; Hughes, M.K.; Kirdyanov, A.V.; Schweingruber, F.H.; Silkin, P.P.
A vegetation model for the Sayan Mountains, southern Siberia
[Text] / R. A. Monserud, N. M. Tchebakova // Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. - 1996. - Vol. 26, Is. 6. - P1055-1068, DOI 10.1139/x26-117. - Cited References: 49
. - 14. - ISSN 0045-5067
РУБ Forestry
Аннотация: A mountain vegetation model driven by regional climatic parameters was developed for predicting the geographic distribution of the numerous ecosystems of the Sayan Mountain system in southern Siberia. Meteorological data are drawn from normal records of monthly means. Four climatic variables were interpolated to a 10' by 10' grid: temperature, precipitation, vapor pressure, and cloudiness. In addition, albedo was derived by 100-m elevation classes for both windward and leeward slopes as a function of the general type of vegetation surface and the dates of snow occurrence. Ecosystems were classified using a two-dimensional climatic ordination. The first dimension was growing degree-days above a 5 degrees C threshold, and the second was Budyko's dryness index, which is based on annual radiation balance and annual precipitation. The patterns: of predicted vegetation corresponded rather well to observed mapped vegetation. Overall kappa statistics indicated agreement with observed vegetation that varied from fair at the finest resolution (10' by 10' cells) to good at intermediate resolution (30' by 30' cells and 1 degrees by 1 degrees cells) to very good at the coarsest resolution (2 degrees by 2 degrees cells). Focusing on individual vegetation classes, agreement was good to very good for each vegetation class at intermediate resolutions and very good to excellent for each vegetation class at the 2 degrees by 2 degrees resolution. Thus, the general location, pattern, and overall distribution of these mountain ecosystems was accurately predicted. This approach for predicting the spatial distribution of biomes was successfully applied at both the global and subcontinental scale. The successful extension of Budyko's radiation balance approach to mountainous terrain on a finer resolution regional scale indicates the generality of the approach.
WOS
Держатели документа:
RUSSIAN ACAD SCI,FOREST INST,KRASNOYARSK 660036,RUSSIA
Доп.точки доступа:
Monserud, R.A.; Tchebakova, N.M.
Аннотация: A mountain vegetation model driven by regional climatic parameters was developed for predicting the geographic distribution of the numerous ecosystems of the Sayan Mountain system in southern Siberia. Meteorological data are drawn from normal records of monthly means. Four climatic variables were interpolated to a 10' by 10' grid: temperature, precipitation, vapor pressure, and cloudiness. In addition, albedo was derived by 100-m elevation classes for both windward and leeward slopes as a function of the general type of vegetation surface and the dates of snow occurrence. Ecosystems were classified using a two-dimensional climatic ordination. The first dimension was growing degree-days above a 5 degrees C threshold, and the second was Budyko's dryness index, which is based on annual radiation balance and annual precipitation. The patterns: of predicted vegetation corresponded rather well to observed mapped vegetation. Overall kappa statistics indicated agreement with observed vegetation that varied from fair at the finest resolution (10' by 10' cells) to good at intermediate resolution (30' by 30' cells and 1 degrees by 1 degrees cells) to very good at the coarsest resolution (2 degrees by 2 degrees cells). Focusing on individual vegetation classes, agreement was good to very good for each vegetation class at intermediate resolutions and very good to excellent for each vegetation class at the 2 degrees by 2 degrees resolution. Thus, the general location, pattern, and overall distribution of these mountain ecosystems was accurately predicted. This approach for predicting the spatial distribution of biomes was successfully applied at both the global and subcontinental scale. The successful extension of Budyko's radiation balance approach to mountainous terrain on a finer resolution regional scale indicates the generality of the approach.
WOS
Держатели документа:
RUSSIAN ACAD SCI,FOREST INST,KRASNOYARSK 660036,RUSSIA
Доп.точки доступа:
Monserud, R.A.; Tchebakova, N.M.
Comparative ecosystem-atmosphere exchange of energy and mass in a European Russian and a central Siberian bog I. Interseasonal and interannual variability of energy and latent heat fluxes during the snowfree period
/ J. Kurbatova [et al.] // Tellus, Series B: Chemical and Physical Meteorology. - 2002. - Vol. 54, Is. 5. - P497-513, DOI 10.1034/j.1600-0889.2002.01354.x
. - ISSN 0280-6509
Кл.слова (ненормированные):
atmosphere-biosphere interaction -- energy flux -- evaporation -- latent heat flux -- ombrotrophic environment -- Russian Federation
Аннотация: Energy and latent heat fluxes ?E were measured over ombrotrophic bogs in European Russia (Fyodorovskoye) and in central Siberia (Zotino) using the eddy covariance technique, as part of the EuroSiberian Carbonflux Project. The study covered most of the snowfree periods in 1998, 1999 and 2000; in addition some data were also collected under snow in early spring and late autumn 1999 and 2000. The snowfree period in Europian Russia exceeds the snowfree period in central Siberia by nearly 10 weeks. Marked seasonal and interannual differences in temperatures and precipitation, and hence energy partitioning, were observed at both sites. At both bogs latent heat fluxes (?E) exceeded sensible heat fluxes (H) during most of the snowfree period: maximum ?E were between 10 and 12 MJ m -2 d -1 while maximum H were between 3 and 5 MJ m -2 d -1. There was a tendency towards higher Bowen ratios at Fyodorovskoye. Net radiation was the most influential variable that regulated daily evaporation rates, with no obvious effects due to surface dryness during years with exceptionally dry summers. Total snowfree evaporation at Fyodorovskoye (320 mm) exceeded totals at Zotino (280 mm) by 15%. At the former site, evaporation was equal to or less than precipitation, contrasting the Zotino observations, where summer evaporation was distinctly higher than precipitation. During the entire observation period evaporation rates were less than 50% of their potential rate. These data suggest a strong 'mulching' effect of a rapidly drying peat surface on total evaporation, despite the substantial area of free water surfaces during parts of the year. This effect of surface dryness was also observed as close atmospheric coupling.
Scopus,
WOS
Держатели документа:
A.N.Severtzov Inst.of Ecol./Evol.RAS, Lenisnki Prospect, Moscow, Russian Federation
Max Planck Inst. for Biogeochemistry, PO Box 100164, Jena 07701, Germany
Max Planck Inst. for Meteorology, Bundesstrasse 55, Hamburg 20146, Germany
V.N. Sukachev Forest Institute, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russian Federation
Доп.точки доступа:
Kurbatova, J.; Arneth, A.; Vygodskaya, N.N.; Kolle, O.; Varlargin, A.V.; Milyukova, I.M.; Tchebakova, N.M.; Schulze, E.-D.; Lloyd, J.
Кл.слова (ненормированные):
atmosphere-biosphere interaction -- energy flux -- evaporation -- latent heat flux -- ombrotrophic environment -- Russian Federation
Аннотация: Energy and latent heat fluxes ?E were measured over ombrotrophic bogs in European Russia (Fyodorovskoye) and in central Siberia (Zotino) using the eddy covariance technique, as part of the EuroSiberian Carbonflux Project. The study covered most of the snowfree periods in 1998, 1999 and 2000; in addition some data were also collected under snow in early spring and late autumn 1999 and 2000. The snowfree period in Europian Russia exceeds the snowfree period in central Siberia by nearly 10 weeks. Marked seasonal and interannual differences in temperatures and precipitation, and hence energy partitioning, were observed at both sites. At both bogs latent heat fluxes (?E) exceeded sensible heat fluxes (H) during most of the snowfree period: maximum ?E were between 10 and 12 MJ m -2 d -1 while maximum H were between 3 and 5 MJ m -2 d -1. There was a tendency towards higher Bowen ratios at Fyodorovskoye. Net radiation was the most influential variable that regulated daily evaporation rates, with no obvious effects due to surface dryness during years with exceptionally dry summers. Total snowfree evaporation at Fyodorovskoye (320 mm) exceeded totals at Zotino (280 mm) by 15%. At the former site, evaporation was equal to or less than precipitation, contrasting the Zotino observations, where summer evaporation was distinctly higher than precipitation. During the entire observation period evaporation rates were less than 50% of their potential rate. These data suggest a strong 'mulching' effect of a rapidly drying peat surface on total evaporation, despite the substantial area of free water surfaces during parts of the year. This effect of surface dryness was also observed as close atmospheric coupling.
Scopus,
WOS
Держатели документа:
A.N.Severtzov Inst.of Ecol./Evol.RAS, Lenisnki Prospect, Moscow, Russian Federation
Max Planck Inst. for Biogeochemistry, PO Box 100164, Jena 07701, Germany
Max Planck Inst. for Meteorology, Bundesstrasse 55, Hamburg 20146, Germany
V.N. Sukachev Forest Institute, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russian Federation
Доп.точки доступа:
Kurbatova, J.; Arneth, A.; Vygodskaya, N.N.; Kolle, O.; Varlargin, A.V.; Milyukova, I.M.; Tchebakova, N.M.; Schulze, E.-D.; Lloyd, J.
Microwave remote sensing as a method for estimating snow reverves in forest of the western Sayan
/ V. I. Kharuk [et al.] // Mapping Sciences and Remote Sensing. - 2000. - Vol. 37, Is. 3. - P172-179
. - ISSN 0749-3878
Кл.слова (ненормированные):
estimation method -- forest cover -- microwave imagery -- snowpack -- synthetic aperture radar -- water resource -- Russian Federation
Аннотация: A Russian-American team of remote sensing researchers investigates the applications of active microwave (synthetic-aperture radar) imagery for estimation of water reserves in snowpack in the Western Sayan Range of East Siberia. Considerable attention is devoted to an explanation of the study's principal finding-that a fundamentally different statistical relationship exists between strength of the reflected radar signal and snow cover depth in open areas versus forested areas with high levels of canopy closure.
Scopus,
Полный текст
Держатели документа:
Forest Institute Siberian Section, Russian Academy of Sciences, Krasnoyarsk Goddard Sp. Res. Ctr., Greenbelt, MA, United States
Доп.точки доступа:
Kharuk, V.I.; Ranson, K.G.; Burenina, T.A.; Onuchin, A.A.; Fedotava, Y.V.
Кл.слова (ненормированные):
estimation method -- forest cover -- microwave imagery -- snowpack -- synthetic aperture radar -- water resource -- Russian Federation
Аннотация: A Russian-American team of remote sensing researchers investigates the applications of active microwave (synthetic-aperture radar) imagery for estimation of water reserves in snowpack in the Western Sayan Range of East Siberia. Considerable attention is devoted to an explanation of the study's principal finding-that a fundamentally different statistical relationship exists between strength of the reflected radar signal and snow cover depth in open areas versus forested areas with high levels of canopy closure.
Scopus,
Полный текст
Держатели документа:
Forest Institute Siberian Section, Russian Academy of Sciences, Krasnoyarsk Goddard Sp. Res. Ctr., Greenbelt, MA, United States
Доп.точки доступа:
Kharuk, V.I.; Ranson, K.G.; Burenina, T.A.; Onuchin, A.A.; Fedotava, Y.V.