Труды сотрудников ИЛ им. В.Н. Сукачева СО РАН

/ A. B. Ptitsyn [et al.] // Geography and Natural Resources. - 2010. - Vol. 31, Is. 2. - P144-147, DOI 10.1016/j.gnr.2010.06.009 . - ISSN 1875-3728
Аннотация: Within the long-term research program on reconstruction of palaeoclimatic characteristics of Central Asia, we carried out a palaeoreconstructions of climate aridity/humidity in the Transbaikalia, based on investigating layered palynological spectra and chemical composition of bottom sediments from Lake Arakhlei. It was found that the humid phases of climate on the time interval 90-2005 used in calculations exhibits a periodicity of 20-45 years, which roughly corresponds to the humidity cycles of Eurasia. В© 2010.

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Держатели документа:
Institute of Natural Resources, Ecology and Cryology SB RAS, Chita, Russian Federation
Institute of Geology and Mineralogy SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
Institute of Forest SB RAS, Krasnoyarsk, Russian Federation
Environmental Change Research Centre, Department of Geography, University College London, United Kingdom
Siberian Federal University, Krasnoyarsk, Russian Federation

Доп.точки доступа:
Ptitsyn, A.B.; Reshetova, S.A.; Babich, V.V.; Daryin, A.V.; Kalugin, I.A.; Ovchinnikov, D.V.; Panizzo, V.; Myglan, V.S.

/ V. I. Kharuk [et al.] // Forest Ecology and Management. - 2013. - Vol. 310. - P312-320, DOI 10.1016/j.foreco.2013.08.042 . -
Аннотация: The causes and resulting spatial patterns of Siberian pine mortality in eastern Kuznetzky Alatau Mountains, Siberia were analyzed based on satellite (Landsat, MODIS) and dendrochronology data. Climate variables studied included temperature, precipitation and Standardized Precipitation-Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) drought index. Landsat data analysis showed that stand mortality was first detected in the year 2006 at an elevation of 650m, and extended up to 900m by the year 2012. Mortality was accompanied by a decrease in MODIS-derived vegetation index (EVI). The area of dead stands and the upper mortality line were correlated with increased drought. The uphill margin of mortality was limited by elevational precipitation gradients. Dead stands (i.e., >75% tree mortality) were located mainly on southern slopes. With respect to slope, mortality was observed within a 7-20В° range with greatest mortality occurring on convex terrain. Tree radial increment measurements correlate and were synchronous with SPEI (r2=0.37, rs=80). The results also showed the primary role of drought stress on Siberian pine mortality. A secondary role may be played by bark beetles and root fungi attacks. The observed Siberian pine mortality is part of a broader phenomenon of "dark needle conifers" (DNC, i.e., Siberian pine, fir and spruce) decline and mortality in European Russia, Siberia, and the Russian Far East. All locations of DNC decline coincided with areas of observed drought increase. The results obtained are one of the first observations of drought-induced decline and mortality of DNC at the southern border of boreal forests. Meanwhile if model projections of increased aridity are correct DNC within the southern part of its areal may be replaced by drought-resistant Pinus silvestris and Larix sibirica. В© 2013 Elsevier B.V.

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Держатели документа:
V.N. Sukachev Institute of Forest, Siberian Federal University, Krasnoyarsk, Russian Federation
NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, United States

Доп.точки доступа:
Kharuk, V.I.; Im, S.T.; Oskorbin, P.A.; Petrov, I.A.; Ranson, K.J.

/ V. I. Kharuk, S. T. Im, M. L. Dvinskaya // Russ. J. Ecol. - 2016. - Vol. 47, Is. 3. - P241-248, DOI 10.1134/S106741361603005X . - ISSN 1067-4136
Аннотация: The decline of spruce stands in Belarus has been analyzed in relation to the dynamics of climatic variables. The results show that this process is correlated with the amount of precipitation, moisture deficit, index of aridity, relative air humidity, and evapotranspiration. Frosts at the onset of the growing season enhance tree die-off, while increase in cloud cover has a favorable effect on the state of spruce stands. Damage to trees occurs mainly in areas with elevated and convex topography and slopes of southwestern aspect, increasing on steeper slopes. The level of die-off is most closely correlated with conditions of the previous year, which is explained by the impact of biological factors (pest insects and phytopathogens) on tree stands already affected by water stress. The decline of spruce stands on a mass scale is also observed in neighboring regions of Russia and counties of East Europe, which is evidence for a low adaptability of spruce to current climate change, including the increasing frequency and severity of dry periods. © 2016, Pleiades Publishing, Ltd.

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Держатели документа:
Sukachev Institute of Forest, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Akademgorodok 50/28, Krasnoyarsk, Russian Federation
Siberian Federal University, Svobodnyi pr. 79, Krasnoyarsk, Russian Federation
Siberian State Aerospace University, pr. Krasnoyarskii Rabochii 31, Krasnoyarsk, Russian Federation

Доп.точки доступа:
Kharuk, V. I.; Im, S. T.; Dvinskaya, M. L.

/ V. I. Kharuk [et al.] // Contemp. Probl. Ecol. - 2016. - Vol. 9, Is. 5. - P617-625, DOI 10.1134/S1995425516050073 . - ISSN 1995-4255
Аннотация: The reasons for the decline in Siberian pine and fir in the Baikal Region (Khamar-Daban) were analyzed using remote sensing techniques, dendrochronology and GIS-technology methods, and in situ observations. It is found that a decrease in the value of the growth index (R2 = 0.69) and an decrease in the SPEI drought index (Standardized Precipitation–Evapotranspiration Index) (R2 = 0.72) has been observed since the 1980s. In the mid-2000s, the increase in aridity led to the division of Siberian pine trees into two cohorts: “survivors” and “decliners.” The spatial distribution of these cohorts is different: dead and declining stands are localized mainly on relief elements with increased risk of water stress (steep and convex slopes of southwestern exposure). The growth index of the trees is closely related to the dryness index in June (r2 = 0.55). Along with water stress, declining trees were also exposed to stem pests and plant pathogens. The primary cause of Siberian pine decline is water stress due to the increasing climate aridity. The weakened waterstressed trees were sensitized to pathogens. The synergism of climatic and biotic effects led to the decline of Siberian pine stands. On the whole, heavily damaged and declining stands (over 50% of dead and declining trees) within the Khamar-Daban ridge are 8–10% of the total area of dark coniferous forests. © 2016, Pleiades Publishing, Ltd.

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Держатели документа:
Sukachev Institute of Forest, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Akademgorodok 50/28, Krasnoyarsk, Russian Federation
Siberian Federal University, pr. Svobodny 79, Krasnoyarsk, Russian Federation
Center for Forest Protection in Krasnoyarsk krai, Akademgorodok 50a, Krasnoyarsk, Russian Federation

Доп.точки доступа:
Kharuk, V. I.; Im, S. T.; Petrov, I. A.; Yagunov, M. N.

/ V. I. Kharuk [et al.] // For. Ecol. Manage. - 2017. - Vol. 384. - P191-199, DOI 10.1016/j.foreco.2016.10.050 . - ISSN 0378-1127
Аннотация: Siberian pine (Pinus sibirica) and fir (Abies sibirica) (so called “dark needle conifers”, DNC) showed decreased radial growth increment within the Lake Baikal watershed since the 1980s with increasing mortality recorded since the year 2000. Tree ring width was strongly correlated with vapor pressure deficit, aridity and root zone moisture. Water stress from droughts made trees more susceptible to insect attacks causing mortality in about 10% of DNC stands within the Lake Baikal watershed. Within Siberia DNC mortality increased in the southern part of the DNC range. Biogeographically, tree mortality was located within the DNC – forest-steppes transition. Tree mortality was significantly correlated with drought and soil moisture anomalies. Within the interior of the DNC range mortality occurred within relief features with high water stress risk (i.e., steep convex south facing slopes with shallow well-drained soils). In general, DNC mortality in Siberia was induced by increased aridity and severe drought (inciting factors) in synergy with biotic attacks (contributing factor). In future climate scenarios with predicted increase in aridity DNC could be eliminated from the southern part of its current range and will be replaced by drought-resistant conifers and broadleaf species (e.g., Larix sibirica, Pinus silvestris, and Betula pubescence). © 2016

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Держатели документа:
Sukachev Institute of Forest, Krasnoyarsk, Russian Federation
Siberian Federal University, Krasnoyarsk, Russian Federation
Siberian State Aerospace University, Krasnoyarsk, Russian Federation
NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, United States
Russian Center of Forest Protection, Krasnoyarsk, Russian Federation

Доп.точки доступа:
Kharuk, V. I.; Im, S. T.; Petrov, I. A.; Golyukov, A. S.; Ranson, K. J.; Yagunov, M. N.

/ V. I. Kharuk [et al.] // Contemp. Probl. Ecol. - 2016. - Vol. 9, Is. 6. - P711-720, DOI 10.1134/S199542551606007X . - ISSN 1995-4255
Аннотация: The spatial and temporal dynamics of fir stands damage caused by a large-scale outbreak of the Siberian silk moth (Dendrolimus sibiricus Tschetv.) in the Altai Mountains has been studied using remote sensing and GIS methods. It is ascertained that forest damages are dissimilar relative to the surface features. The pest outbreak initially occurred on the southwest slopes with mean values of 10° and elevation of 400 m asl. The damages further extended both upward and downward, involving slopes of high steepness and the eastern exposure. The total area of the dead stands comprised 6000 ha, 45% of which were lost due to secondary pest (xylophagous insects) attacks. It is indicated that the use of remote sensing made it possible to determine the beginning of a pest outbreak with one-decade precision. The Siberian silk moth large-scale outbreak occurred against an increase in air temperatures, a decrease in precipitation, and a reduction in late frosts. The tree plants weakened by the Siberian silk moth and water stress were affected by xylophagous insect attacks. The observed and predicted warming and climate aridity increase will facilitate Siberian silk moth outbreaks both within its range and northward of the current margins of the range. © 2016, Pleiades Publishing, Ltd.

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Держатели документа:
Sukachev Institute of Forest, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Krasnoyarsk, Russian Federation
Siberian Federal University, Krasnoyarsk, Russian Federation

Доп.точки доступа:
Kharuk, V. I.; Demidko, D. A.; Fedotova, E. V.; Dvinskaya, M. L.; Budnik, U. A.

/ V. I. Kharuk [et al.] // Reg. Envir. Chang. - 2017. - Vol. 17, Is. 3. - P803-812, DOI 10.1007/s10113-016-1073-5. - Cited References:44. - This study was supported by Russian Science Fund (RNF) (Grant No. 14-24-00112). K. J. Ranson's contribution was supported in part by the NASA's Terrestrial Ecology Program. . - ISSN 1436-3798. - ISSN 1436-378XРУБ Environmental Sciences + Environmental Studies

Аннотация: Increased dieback and mortality of ``dark needle conifer'' (DNC) stands (composed of fir (Abies sibirica), Siberian pine (Pinus sibirica) and spruce (Picea obovata)) were documented in Russia during recent decades. Here we analyzed spatial and temporal patterns of fir decline and mortality in the southern Siberian Mountains based on satellite, in situ and dendrochronological data. The studied stands are located within the boundary between DNC taiga to the north and forest-steppe to the south. Fir decline and mortality were observed to originate where topographic features contributed to maximal water-stress risk, i.e., steep (18 degrees - 25 degrees), convex, south-facing slopes with a shallow well-drained root zone. Fir regeneration survived droughts and increased stem radial growth, while upper canopy trees died. Tree ring width (TRW) growth negatively correlated with vapor pressure deficit (VPD), drought index and occurrence of late frosts, and positively with soil water content. Previous year growth conditions (i.e., drought index, VPD, soil water anomalies) have a high impact on current TRW (r = 0.60-0.74). Fir mortality was induced by increased water stress and severe droughts (as a primary factor) in synergy with bark-beetles and fungi attacks (as secondary factors). Dendrochronology data indicated that fir mortality is a periodic process. In a future climate with increased aridity and drought frequency, fir (and Siberian pine) may disappear from portions of its current range (primarily within the boundary with the foreststeppe) and is likely to be replaced by drought-tolerant species such as Pinus sylvestris and Larix sibirica.

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Sukachev Inst Forest, Krasnoyarsk, Russia.
Siberian Fed Univ, Krasnoyarsk, Russia.
Siberian State Aerosp Univ, Krasnoyarsk, Russia.
NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.

Доп.точки доступа:
Kharuk, Viacheslav I.; Im, Sergei T.; Petrov, Ilya A.; Dvinskaya, Mariya L.; Fedotova, Elena V.; Ranson, Kenneth J.; Russian Science Fund (RNF) [14-24-00112]; NASA's Terrestrial Ecology Program

/ V. I. Kharuk, S. T. Im, M. N. Yagunov // Contemp. Probl. Ecol. - 2018. - Vol. 11, Is. 1. - P26-34, DOI 10.1134/S1995425518010055. - Cited References:28 . - ISSN 1995-4255. - ISSN 1995-4263РУБ Ecology

Аннотация: Climate changes have induced the northward migration of outbreaks of the Siberian silk moth (Dendrolimus sibiricus Tschetv.), one of the most dangerous pests in the taiga. The initial outbreak of the Siberian silk moth began in 2014 in Siberian pine.fir stands within the Yenisei Plain on the southwestern flat slopes at elevations up to 200 m above sea level. Further, the outbreak extended to the parts of the forest with higher humidity, the northern slopes, and Yenisei Ridge at low and middle elevations. The northern limit of the outbreak zone shifted to 50 km (to 60A degrees 26' N) northward from the historical boundary of formerly observed outbreaks. The outbreak was incited by an increase in aridity, the sum of positive temperatures (t > +10A degrees C), and a decrease in soil moisture. It extended to an area of 800000 ha. Stand mortality was accompanied by the activation of secondary pests, including aggressive bark beetle species Polygraphus proximus. The outbreak under study is part of the panzonal outbreak that occurred in 2014-2017 on the territory of Siberia in Krasnoyarsk krai and Tomsk, Kemerovo, and Irkutsk oblasts. The increase in warming, aridity, and vegetative period provides opportunities for the Siberian silk moth to migrate to the northern dark-conifer taiga.

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Держатели документа:
Russian Acad Sci, Fed Res Ctr, Sukachev Inst Forest, Krasnoyarsk Sci Ctr,Siberian Branch, Akademgorodok 50-28, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia.
Siberian Fed Univ, Krasnoyarsk 660041, Russia.
Reshetnev Siberian State Univ Sci & Technol, Krasnoyarsk 660041, Russia.
Forest Protect Ctr Krasnoyarsk Krai, Akademgorodok 50a-2, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia.

Доп.точки доступа:
Kharuk, V. I.; Im, S. T.; Yagunov, M. N.

/ A. Arzac [et al.] // Dendrochronologia. - 2018. - Vol. 49. - P1-8, DOI 10.1016/j.dendro.2018.02.007 . - ISSN 1125-7865
Аннотация: Climate affects wood formation with consequences for the functioning and survival of trees. Since tree-rings tissues (i.e., earlywood and latewood) are formed at different time in the season, the impact of climate change might differently affect their functions. In this study, we combine quantitative tracheid anatomy with the Vaganov-Shashkin growth model (VS-model) to investigate how summer drought affected the annual ring structure of Pinus sylvestris L. from a forest-steppe zone in Southern Siberia. In particular, we used climate-growth relationships over a 50-year period to identify the timing of climatic signal of early-, transition-, and late-wood tracheid's diameters (DEW, DTW and DLW). Corresponding daily growth rates (Gr) obtained by the VS-model were applied to calculate the changes in the width of the relative tree-ring sectors considering different levels of aridity. Results indicate that tracheid size is sensitive to drought with temporal shifts among the climatic signal of DEW (in May), DTW (June) and DLW (July). A comparison of modeled daily-growth rate cumulated over the climatic window of each ring sector and grouped by years with different level of aridity, indicated that a release of summer drought mostly affected the widths of the transition (+28.1%) and (+48.6%) latewood sectors, thus matching observations performed on the same cores. These results suggest that current changes in climate seasonality, as occurring in the selected area, are positively impacting both the hydraulic efficiency (by increasing the diameter of the earlywood cells) and the latewood width of the wood produced in the area. © 2018 Elsevier GmbH

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Держатели документа:
Siberian Federal University, 79 Svobodny pr., Krasnoyarsk, Russian Federation
Khakass Technical Institute, Siberian Federal University, 27 Shchetinkina St., Abakan, Russian Federation
Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Zuercherstrasse 111, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
V. N. Sukachev Institute of Forest, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Akademgorodok 50/28, Krasnoyarsk, Russian Federation

Доп.точки доступа:
Arzac, A.; Babushkina, E. A.; Fonti, P.; Slobodchikova, V.; Sviderskaya, I. V.; Vaganov, E. A.

/ V. I. Kharuk [et al.] // Contemp. Probl. Ecol. - 2018. - Vol. 11, Is. 4. - P388-395, DOI 10.1134/S1995425518040042. - Cited References:27. - These studies were carried out with support from the Russian Foundation for Basic Research, project no. 18-05-00432. The contribution of I. A. Petrov was supported by the Russian Science Foundation, project no. 17-74-10113. . - ISSN 1995-4255. - ISSN 1995-4263РУБ Ecology

Аннотация: The influence of climate changes on larch (Larix sibirica Ledeb.) radial increment under conditions of a limited (forest steppe) and sufficient (high-altitude Kuznetsk Alatau, floodplain stands) humidification is considered. The relationship between growth index of larch trees (N = 257) and ecological and climatic variables is analyzed. In the forest steppe, with the onset of warming, a decrease in the aridity of the climate, an increase in the duration of the growing season (1980s), and an increase in the larch growth index followed by its depression in the 1990s have been observed. Radial-increment depression is caused by an increase in vapor-pressure deficit and arid climate due to a rising air temperature. In the 2000s, radial-increment fluctuations with average values not exceeding those before the beginning of current climate warming period occurred. In the highlands, since the 1970s, there has been a general increase in the larch radial increment closely associated with the main limiting factor of growth-air temperature. At the same time, in arid years, the radial-increment depression of larch trees in highland and floodplain larch forests is also noted. When implementing "hard" climate scenarios (RCP 6.0 and RCP 8.5), it is likely that the larch growth index in a forest steppe will decrease further and its increase in areas of sufficient moisture will be observed.

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Держатели документа:
Russian Acad Sci, Sukachev Inst Forest, Siberian Branch, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia.
Siberian Fed Univ, Krasnoyarsk 660041, Russia.
Reshetnev Siberian State Univ Sci & Technol, Krasnoyarsk 660037, Russia.

Доп.точки доступа:
Kharuk, V. I.; Petrov, I. A.; Dvinskaya, M. L.; Im, S. T.; Shushpanov, A. S.; Russian Foundation for Basic Research [18-05-00432]; Russian Science Foundation [17-74-10113]

/ V. N. Ustinova [et al.] // IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science : Institute of Physics Publishing, 2018. - Vol. 211: International Conference and Early Career Scientists School on Environmental Observations, Modeling and Information Systems, ENVIROMIS 2018 (5 July 2018 through 11 July 2018, ) Conference code: 143586, Is. 1, DOI 10.1088/1755-1315/211/1/012025 . -
Аннотация: A probabilistic-statistical parameterization of time series characterizing geological and climatic processes allows determining some regularities by an autocorrelation analysis of signals which differ in nature. The use of the autocorrelation method for analyzing data related to solar and tectonic activity and characterizing the level of stratospheric ozone (total ozone content), hydrothermal regimes (De Martonne aridity index), and wood structure (maximum density of annual rings) allows us to find regularities in time series of various natural processes. Data on the maximum density of Siberian larch trees growing in the Altai Mountains made it possible to calculate the past changes in total ozone content and the aridity index in the Altai Mountains from 1900 to 2014 based on some similarities in the series and a separation of a dendrochronological signal into its main components. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd.

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TUSUR, RETEM Russia, 40, Lenin Avenue, Tomsk, 634050, Russian Federation
Institute of Monitoring of Climatic and Ecological Systems SB RAS, 10/3, Akademicheskii Ave., Tomsk, 634055, Russian Federation
School of Engineering Entrepreneurship, National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, 30, Lenina Avenue, Tomsk, 634050, Russian Federation
Sukachev Institute of Forest SB RAS, Akademgorodok No50,.28, Krasnoyarsk, 660036, Russian Federation

Доп.точки доступа:
Ustinova, V. N.; Zuev, V. V.; Bondarenko, S. L.; Ustinova, I. G.; Ovchinnikov, D. V.; Kirdjanov, A. V.

/ E. Parfenova, N. Tchebakova, A. Soja // Environ. Res. Lett. - 2019. - Vol. 14, Is. 6. - Ст. 065004, DOI 10.1088/1748-9326/ab10a8. - Cited References:72. - The study was supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Science, grant 16-05-00496 and the Northern Eurasia Future Initiative. The authors are grateful to our colleagues and friends Bob Monserud, Eugene Shvetsov and Jane Bradford for their help to prepare a revised version of the article. . - ISSN 1748-9326РУБ Environmental Sciences + Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences

Аннотация: In the past, human migrations have been associated with climate change. As our civilizations developed, humans depended less on the environment, in particular on climate, because technological and economic development in the span of human history allowed us to adapt to and overcome environmental discomfort. Asian Russia (east of the Urals to the Pacific) is known to be sparsely populated. The population is concentrated along the forest-steppe in the south, with its comfortable climate and thriving agriculture on fertile soils. We use current and predicted climate scenarios to evaluate the climate comfort of various landscapes to determine the potential for human settlers throughout the 21st century. Climate change scenarios are taken from 20 CMIP5 general circulation models. Two CO2 Representative Concentration Pathway scenarios, RCP 2.6 representing mild climate change and RCP 8.5 representing more extreme changes, are applied to the large subcontinental territory of Asian Russia. The ensemble January and July temperature anomaly means and annual precipitation are calculated with respect to the baseline 1961-1990 climate. Three climate indices, which are important for human livelihood and well-being, are calculated based on January and July temperatures and annual precipitation: Ecological Landscape Potential, winter severity, and permafrost coverage. Climates predicted by the 2080s over Asian Russia would be much warmer and milder. Ensemble means do not show extreme aridity. The permafrost zone is predicted to significantly shift to the northeast. Ecological Landscape Potential would increase 1-2 categories from 'low' to 'relatively high' which would result in a higher capacity for population density across Asian Russia. Socio-economic processes and policy choices will compel the development that will lead to attracting people to migrate throughout the century. Therefore, understanding ecological landscape potential is crucial information for developing viable strategies for long-term economic and social development in preparation for climate migration and strategic adaptation planning.

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Держатели документа:
RAS, Krasnoyarsk Fed Res Ctr, Sukachev Inst Forest, SB, Krasnoyarsk, Russia.
NASA Langley Res Ctr, NIA, Hampton, VA USA.

Доп.точки доступа:
Parfenova, Elena; Tchebakova, Nadezhda; Soja, Amber; Russian Foundation for Basic Science [16-05-00496]; Northern Eurasia Future Initiative

[Текст] : статья / Вячеслав Иванович Харук [и др.] // Сибирский экологический журнал. - 2019. - Т. 26, № 4. - С. 369-382, DOI 10.15372/SEJ20190401 . - ISSN 0869-8619
   Перевод заглавия: FIR (ABIES SIBIRICA LEDEB.) MORTALITY IN MOUNTAIN FORESTS OF EASTERN SAYAN RIDGE, SIBERIA

УДК

630*111

630*113

574.42

Аннотация: Анализировались индекс радиального прироста (ИП) Abies sibirica Ledeb. и динамика массового усыхания пихтовых древостоев в горных лесах Восточного Саяна (заповедник “Столбы”). Беспрецедентное по масштабам усыхание пихты оказалось спровоцировано водным стрессом, обусловленным возрастанием температуры воздуха, в синергизме с воздействием уссурийского полиграфа ( Polygraphus proximus Blandford), ксилофага, ранее не наблюдавшегося в ареале Abies sibirica . В начальной фазе потепления климата наблюдалось возрастание ИП, сменившееся его депрессией в 1985-2017 гг. Усыханию пихтарников предшествовало усиление зависимости ИП от индекса сухости SPEI и влажности корнеобитаемого слоя (ВКС). При этом ИП когорты усохших деревьев сильнее зависел от ВКС ( r ² = 0,56) и SPEI ( r ² = 0,74), чем ИП когорты выживших деревьев ( r ² = 0,15 и r ² = 0,39 соответственно). Усыхание пихты началось в 2000-х гг., когда ослабленные водным стрессом пихтарники подверглись атаке уссурийского полиграфа. В этот период погибшие древостои локализовались преимущественно на элементах рельефа с наибольшей вероятностью водного стресса (крутые склоны, расположенные в “дождевой тени”). К 2017 г. усыхание распространилось на всю территорию пихтарников, что привело к гибели ~75 % древостоев. В данный период наблюдалась тесная связь ИП со смертностью деревьев пихты ( r = -0,79). Выжившие деревья по сравнению с усохшими произрастали в условиях более высокой влажности корнеобитаемой зоны. Примечательна близость траекторий ИП когорт усохших и живых деревьев, что указывает на вероятность гибели живых деревьев в условиях прогнозируемого возрастания засушливости климата.
In the initial phase of climate warming, an increase in radial increment was observed, which was replaced by a depression in 1985-2017. The declining of fir trees was preceded by an increase in the relationship between growth index and SPEI, also between growth index and root zone moisture content. At the same time, growth index of the declining cohort was more closely associated with root zone moisture content ( r² = 0.56) and SPEI ( r ² = 0.74) than growth index of the surviving cohort ( r ² = 0.15 and r ² = 0.39, respectively). Fir declining began in the 2000s, when Abies sibirica trees, weakened by water stress, were attacked by Polygraphus proximus Blandford. During this period, dead stands were localized mainly on the relief elements with the highest probability of water stress (steep slopes located in “rain shadow”). By 2017, the declining spread throughout the entire territory of fir stands, which led to the mortality of ~75 % of fir stands. During the period of tree declining, a close relationship was observed between growth index and fir mortality ( r = -0.79). The surviving trees grew in conditions of a higher humidity of root zone (compared to declining trees). Noteworthy is the proximity of growth index trajectories of cohorts of declining and surviving trees, which indicates the probability of mortality of surviving trees in the context of a predicted climate aridity increase.

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Государственный природный заповедник “Столбы”
Институт леса им. В. Н. Сукачева СО РАН : 660036, Красноярск, Академгородок, 50, стр. 28
Сибирский государственный университет науки и технологий им. М. Ф. Решетнева
Сибирский федеральный университет

Доп.точки доступа:
Харук, Вячеслав Иванович; KHARUK V.I.; Шушпанов, Александр Сергеевич; SHUSHPANOV A.S.; Петров, Илья Андреевич; PETROV I.A.; Демидко, Денис Александрович; DEMIDKO D.A.; Им, Сергей Тхекдеевич; IM S.T.; Кнорре, Анастасия Алексеевна; KNORRE A.A.

/ V. I. Kharuk [et al.] // Contemp. Probl. Ecol. - 2019. - Vol. 12, Is. 4. - P299-309, DOI 10.1134/S199542551904005X. - Cited References:38. - This work was supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research, project nos. 18-45-240003 and 18-05-00432. Dendrochronological and dendroclimatic analysis was performed with support from the Russian Science Foundation, project no. 17-74-10113. . - ISSN 1995-4255. - ISSN 1995-4263РУБ Ecology

Аннотация: The radial increment of Abies sibirica Ledeb. and mortality dynamics of fir stands in the mountain forests of the Eastern Sayan (Stolby State Nature Reserve) have been analyzed. The unprecedented decline in fir stands is caused by water stress due to an increase in air temperature and synergy with the impact of the Polygraphus proximus Blandford. This xylophage was not previously observed in the Abies sibirica range. In the initial phase of climate warming, an increase in radial increment was observed, which was replaced by a depression in 1985-2017. The declining of fir trees was preceded by an increase in the relationship between growth index and SPEI, as well as between the growth index and root-zone moisture content. At the same time, the growth index of the declining cohort was more closely associated with the root zone moisture content (r(2) = 0.56) and SPEI (r(2) = 0.74) than the growth index of the surviving cohort (r(2) = 0.15 and r(2) = 0.39, respectively). The decline in fir began in the 2000s, when Polygraphus proximus Blandford attacked trees Abies sibirica. During this period, dead stands were localized mainly on the relief elements with the highest probability of water stress (steep slopes located in a "rain shadow"). By 2017, the decline spread throughout the entire territory of fir stands, which led to the mortality of similar to 75% of fir stands. During the period of tree decline, a close relationship was observed between growth index and fir mortality (r = -0.79). The surviving trees grew under conditions of a higher root-zone humidity (compared to declining trees). The proximity of growth-index trajectories of cohorts of declining and surviving trees, which indicates the probability of mortality of surviving trees in the context of a predicted climate aridity increase, is noteworthy.

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Держатели документа:
Russian Acad Sci, Siberian Branch, Sukachev Inst Forest, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia.
Siberian Fed Univ, Krasnoyarsk 660041, Russia.
Reshetnev Siberian State Univ Sci & Technol, Krasnoyarsk 660037, Russia.
Stolby State Nat Reserve, Krasnoyarsk 660006, Russia.

Доп.точки доступа:
Kharuk, V. I.; Shushpanov, A. S.; Petrov, I. A.; Demidko, D. A.; Im, S. T.; Knorre, A. A.; Russian Foundation for Basic ResearchRussian Foundation for Basic Research (RFBR) [18-45-240003, 18-05-00432]; Russian Science FoundationRussian Science Foundation (RSF) [17-74-10113]

/ D. F. Zhirnova, E. A. Babushkina, L. V. Belokopytova, E. A. Vaganov // For. Ecol. Manage. - 2020. - Vol. 459. - Ст. 117841, DOI 10.1016/j.foreco.2019.117841 . - ISSN 0378-1127
Аннотация: In moisture-limited regions in which droughts leave a significant “footprint”, monitoring of quantitative climatic parameters and of forest adaptation and acclimation to these parameters is of utmost importance due to the ambiguity of spatial patterns in reaction of tree growth to drought and the variety of drought resistance strategies exhibited by trees at the genetic, morphological and physiological levels. This is a case study of the radial growth of Siberian larch (Larix sibirica Ledeb.) along the forest-steppe transect in the foothills of the Bateni Ridge (Kuznetsk Alatau, Southern Siberia, Russia) and of its climatic response and stability under the influence of droughts and contributing factors. In this region, a permanent mild moisture deficit is gradually increasing due to warming of the vegetative season by 0.14–0.19 °C per decade; droughts occurred in 1951, 1963–65, 1974–76, and 1999. The forests in the region are represented by pure larch stands in the west and mixed stands of larch with Scots pine and silver birch in the eastern portion of the ridge. The forest-steppe ecotone comprises a significant part of the ridge area, mainly on the southern and southeastern slopes. At 5 sampling sites, dependence of larch growth on precipitation (P) and standardized precipitation-evapotranspiration index (SPEI) during April–July of the current year and June–September of the previous year and on maximum temperature (Tmax) during May–July of the current year and July–September of the previous year was observed. We propose the use of a linear regression model based on the SPEI of these seasons as an individualized indicator of climate aridity, which is biologically significant for larch in the study area. An analysis of pointer years showed that precipitation in November (formation of snow cover) also contributes to larch growth. The larch in the study area tolerates moisture deficit, rebounding after the end of stress exposure. The spatiotemporal patterns of the stability indices revealed that despite the decrease in growth resistance and resilience with drought severity, these characteristics are higher at more arid sites due to trees’ acclimation to permanent climate aridity. The findings contribute to a better understanding of the capability of larch to further acclimatize and provide a basis for planning measures for conservation and/or restoration of the region's forests under climate warming; however, to clarify the contributions of factors at the individual and local scales, further investigation of the stability of larch growth at the level of individual trees may be required. © 2019 Elsevier B.V.

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Держатели документа:
Khakass Technical Institute, Siberian Federal University, 27 Shchetinkina, Abakan, 655017, Russian Federation
Siberian Federal University, 79 Svobodny, Krasnoyarsk, 660041, Russian Federation
Sukachev Institute of Forest, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 50/28 Akademgorodok, Krasnoyarsk, 660036, Russian Federation
Center for Forest Ecology and Productivity, Russian Academy of Sciences, 84/32 bldg. 14 Profsoyuznaya st., Moscow, 117997, Russian Federation

Доп.точки доступа:
Zhirnova, D. F.; Babushkina, E. A.; Belokopytova, L. V.; Vaganov, E. A.

/ D. F. Zhirnova, E. A. Babushkina, L. V. Belokopytova, E. A. Vaganov // For. Ecol. Manage. - 2020. - Vol. 459. - Ст. 117841, DOI 10.1016/j.foreco.2019.117841. - Cited References:88. - The study was supported by the Russian Science Foundation (project no. 19-14-00120, additional sampling and dendrochronological analysis; project no. 19-77-30015, spatial analysis). . - ISSN 0378-1127. - ISSN 1872-7042РУБ Forestry

Аннотация: In moisture-limited regions in which droughts leave a significant "footprint", monitoring of quantitative climatic parameters and of forest adaptation and acclimation to these parameters is of utmost importance due to the ambiguity of spatial patterns in reaction of tree growth to drought and the variety of drought resistance strategies exhibited by trees at the genetic, morphological and physiological levels. This is a case study of the radial growth of Siberian larch (Larix sibirica Ledeb.) along the forest-steppe transect in the foothills of the Bateni Ridge (Kuznetsk Alatau, Southern Siberia, Russia) and of its climatic response and stability under the influence of droughts and contributing factors. In this region, a permanent mild moisture deficit is gradually increasing due to warming of the vegetative season by 0.14-0.19 degrees C per decade; droughts occurred in 1951, 1963-65, 1974-76, and 1999. The forests in the region are represented by pure larch stands in the west and mixed stands of larch with Scots pine and silver birch in the eastern portion of the ridge. The forest-steppe ecotone comprises a significant part of the ridge area, mainly on the southern and southeastern slopes. At 5 sampling sites, dependence of larch growth on precipitation (P) and standardized precipitation-evapotranspiration index (SPEI) during April-July of the current year and June-September of the previous year and on maximum temperature (Tmax) during May-July of the current year and July-September of the previous year was observed. We propose the use of a linear regression model based on the SPEI of these seasons as an individualized indicator of climate aridity, which is biologically significant for larch in the study area. An analysis of pointer years showed that precipitation in November (formation of snow cover) also contributes to larch growth. The larch in the study area tolerates moisture deficit, rebounding after the end of stress exposure. The spatiotemporal patterns of the stability indices revealed that despite the decrease in growth resistance and resilience with drought severity, these characteristics are higher at more arid sites due to trees' acclimation to permanent climate aridity. The findings contribute to a better understanding of the capability of larch to further acclimatize and provide a basis for planning measures for conservation and/or restoration of the region's forests under climate warming; however, to clarify the contributions of factors at the individual and local scales, further investigation of the stability of larch growth at the level of individual trees may be required.

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Держатели документа:
Siberian Fed Univ, Khakass Tech Inst, 27 Shchetinkina, Abakan 655017, Russia.
Siberian Fed Univ, 79 Svobodny, Krasnoyarsk 660041, Russia.
Russian Acad Sci, Sukachev Inst Forest, Siberian Branch, 50-28 Akademgorodok, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia.
Russian Acad Sci, Ctr Forest Ecol & Product, 84-32 Bldg 14 Profsoyuznaya St, Moscow 117997, Russia.

Доп.точки доступа:
Zhirnova, Dina F.; Babushkina, Elena A.; Belokopytova, Liliana, V; Vaganov, Eugene A.; Russian Science FoundationRussian Science Foundation (RSF) [19-14-00120, 19-77-30015]

/ T. V. Kostyakova, L. V. Belokopytova, D. F. Zhirnova [et al.] // Contemp. Probl. Ecol. - 2021. - Vol. 14, Is. 1. - P37-48, DOI 10.1134/S1995425521010054 . - ISSN 1995-4255
Аннотация: Abstract: One of the possible consequences of climate change is a change in the demographic dynamics of phyllophagous insects. For a retrospective analysis of this dynamics, tree rings are used, especially in regions with limited documentary data. Due to the complex nature of the factors determining tree growth, in order to more clearly identify pest-induced defoliation in tree-ring chronologies one suppress the climatic signal expressed directly or indirectly (through chronologies of non-host tree species). However, in South Siberia, the choice of non-host species is hampered by the wide distribution of polyphages, like the gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar Linnaeus) and the Siberian silk moth (Dendrolimus sibiricus Tsch.). Therefore, the analysis of pest outbreaks in larch forests of the Republic of Tuva low mountains was started by removing the climatic response based on instrumental data, identifying depressions in the residual time-series of individual tree radial growth at several sites, and comparing them with available actual data on forest damage by phyllofages. Dendroclimatic analysis showed that the model including the precipitation-to-maximum-temperature ratio for June-September of the previous season and June of the current year, i.e. the degree of aridity during the previous and current growing season, describes 43.7% of the regional variation in the growth of Siberian larch (Larix sibirica Ledeb.). After removal of this component, several periods of larch growth depression were revealed during confirmed outbreaks of the Siberian silk moth, gypsy moth, and larch tortrix (Zeiraphera diniana Gn.). The use of documented data over 1998–2016 allowed to clarify the threshold values of the portion of affected trees for intensities of the growth depression ranging 1–1.5 standard deviations, providing the required reliability of the outbreak reconstruction. The dependence of the spatio-temporal patterns of growth depression on the pest species was revealed, reflecting their migration in the affected area. It has been shown that growth depressions may be delayed compared with the actual damage by pests due to the long recovery after recurrent defoliation. © 2021, Pleiades Publishing, Ltd.

Scopus

Держатели документа:
Khakass Technical Institute, Siberian Federal University, Abakan, 655017, Russian Federation
Siberian Federal University, Krasnoyarsk, 660041, Russian Federation
Sukachev Institute of Forest, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Krasnoyarsk, 660036, Russian Federation

Доп.точки доступа:
Kostyakova, T. V.; Belokopytova, L. V.; Zhirnova, D. F.; Babushkina, E. A.; Vaganov, E. A.

/ T. V. Kostyakova, L. V. Belokopytova, D. F. Zhirnova [et al.] // Contemp. Probl. Ecol. - 2021. - Vol. 14, Is. 1. - P37-48, DOI 10.1134/S1995425521010054. - Cited References:64. - This study was supported financially by the Russian Science Foundation (project 19-18-00145). . - ISSN 1995-4255. - ISSN 1995-4263РУБ Ecology

Аннотация: One of the possible consequences of climate change is a change in the demographic dynamics of phyllophagous insects. For a retrospective analysis of this dynamics, tree rings are used, especially in regions with limited documentary data. Due to the complex nature of the factors determining tree growth, in order to more clearly identify pest-induced defoliation in tree-ring chronologies one suppress the climatic signal expressed directly or indirectly (through chronologies of non-host tree species). However, in South Siberia, the choice of non-host species is hampered by the wide distribution of polyphages, like the gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar Linnaeus) and the Siberian silk moth (Dendrolimus sibiricus Tsch.). Therefore, the analysis of pest outbreaks in larch forests of the Republic of Tuva low mountains was started by removing the climatic response based on instrumental data, identifying depressions in the residual time-series of individual tree radial growth at several sites, and comparing them with available actual data on forest damage by phyllofages. Dendroclimatic analysis showed that the model including the precipitation-to-maximum-temperature ratio for June-September of the previous season and June of the current year, i.e. the degree of aridity during the previous and current growing season, describes 43.7% of the regional variation in the growth of Siberian larch (Larix sibirica Ledeb.). After removal of this component, several periods of larch growth depression were revealed during confirmed outbreaks of the Siberian silk moth, gypsy moth, and larch tortrix (Zeiraphera diniana Gn.). The use of documented data over 1998-2016 allowed to clarify the threshold values of the portion of affected trees for intensities of the growth depression ranging 1-1.5 standard deviations, providing the required reliability of the outbreak reconstruction. The dependence of the spatio-temporal patterns of growth depression on the pest species was revealed, reflecting their migration in the affected area. It has been shown that growth depressions may be delayed compared with the actual damage by pests due to the long recovery after recurrent defoliation.

WOS

Держатели документа:
Siberian Fed Univ, Khakass Tech Inst, Abakan 655017, Russia.
Siberian Fed Univ, Krasnoyarsk 660041, Russia.
Russian Acad Sci, Sukachev Inst Forest, Siberian Branch, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia.

Доп.точки доступа:
Kostyakova, T. V.; Belokopytova, L. V.; Zhirnova, D. F.; Babushkina, E. A.; Vaganov, E. A.; Russian Science FoundationRussian Science Foundation (RSF) [19-18-00145]

/ Т. S. Sedel’nikova, А. V. Pimenov // Botanicheskii Zhu. - 2021. - Vol. 106, Is. 4. - С. 353-362, DOI 10.31857/S0006813621040116. - Пер. изд. : Изменчивость числа хромосом и хромосомные перестройки у Pinus sylvestris (Pinaceae) / Тамара Станиславовна Седельникова, Александр Владимирович ПименовБотанический журнал. - Москва, 2021. - Т. 106, № 4. - 353-362 с. . - ISSN 0006-8136
Аннотация: The main criteria of chromosomal polymorphism, namely the variability of the chromosome number, the level and spectrum of chromosomal rearrangements, were studied in natural populations and artificial plantations of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) growing in the south of its range in the steppe provenances of the Lower Volga and Southern Siberia (Volgograd Region, Republic of Tyva, Republic of Khakassia). The analysis of chromosomes was performed in the cells of the root meristems of seedlings at the stage of metaphase of mi-tosis. In the seed progeny of P. sylvestris trees from all the studied provenances, a disturbance of the chromosome number, myxoploidy, was detected, the level of its distribution increasing with increase of aridity and deterioration of edaphic growth conditions. In the seed progeny of P. sylvestris in the Volgograd Region and Khakassia, chromosome rearrangements represented by ring chromosomes, polycentric chromosomes, frag-ments, and multiple disturbances were found. A significant increase in the occurrence of chromosomal rearrangements and the expansion of their set is noted in the seedlings from an isolated provenance of P. sylvestris in rocky steppe of Khakassia. The frequency of mixoploidy and chromosomal rearrangements occurrence in the intraspecific forms of P. sylvestris trees is not the same, which is associated with differences in the conditions of their growth. The revealed cytological instability of seed progeny of trees in the plantations of P. syl-vestris growing in steppe ecotopes may indicate the activation of microevolutionary processes, apparently ac-companied by natural selection of resistant genotypes and forms adapted to arid conditions. © 2021, Komarov Botanical Institute. All rights reserved.
Исследованы основные критерии хромосомного полиморфизма – изменчивость числа хромосом, встречаемость и спектр хромосомных перестроек – в естественных популяциях и искусственных насаждениях сосны обыкновенной (Pinus sylvestris), произрастающих на юге ареала в степной зоне Нижнего Поволжья (Волгоградская область) и Южной Сибири (Республика Тыва, Республика Хакасия). В семенном потомстве всех исследованных деревьев выявлена миксоплоидия, уровень распространения которой возрастает по мере усиления засушливости и ухудшения эдафических условий произрастания. В семенном потомстве P. sylvestris в Волгоградской области и Хакасии обнаружены хромосомные перестройки, представленные кольцевыми хромосомами, полицентрическими хромосомами, фрагментами, множественными нарушениями. Существенное увеличение встречаемости хромосомных перестроек и расширение их спектра отмечается в проростках семян из изолированного происхождения P. sylvestris в каменистой степи Хакасии. Уровень встречаемости миксоплоидии и хромосомных перестроек у внутривидовых форм деревьев P. sylvestris неодинаков, что связано с различиями условий их произрастания. Выявленная цитологическая нестабильность семенного потомства деревьев в насаждениях P. sylvestris, произрастающих в степных экотопах, может свидетельствовать об активизации микроэволюционных процессов, что очевидно, сопровождается естественным отбором устойчивых генотипов и форм, адаптированных к засушливым лесорастительным условиям

Scopus

Держатели документа:
V. N. Sukachev Institute of Forest SB RAS, Federal Research Center “Krasnoyarsk Science Center SB RAS”, Akademgorodok, 50/28, Krasnoyarsk, 660036, Russian Federation

Доп.точки доступа:
Sedel’nikova, Т. S.; Pimenov, А. V.; Седельникова, Тамара Станиславовна; Пименов, Александр Владимирович

/ Т. В. Костякова, Е. А. Ваганов // Сибирский экологический журнал. - 2021. - Т. 28, № 1. - С. 46-60, DOI 10.15372/SEJ20210105 . - ISSN 0869-8619
Аннотация: Одним из возможных последствий климатических изменений является вариация динамики численности насекомых-филлофагов. Для ретроспективного анализа этой динамики используют годичные кольца деревьев, особенно в регионах с ограниченными документальными данными. Ввиду комплексной природы факторов, определяющих прирост деревьев, для более отчетливого выявления вызванной вредителями дефолиации в древесно-кольцевых хронологиях подавляют климатический сигнал, выраженный прямо или косвенно (через хронологии прироста неповреждаемых видов - нон-хост). Однако на юге Сибири выбор нон-хост видов затрудняется широким распространением полифагов - непарного ( Lymantria dispar Linnaeus) и сибирского ( Dendrolimus sibiricus Tsch.) шелкопрядов. Поэтому анализ вспышек размножения вредителей в лиственничных лесах низкогорья Республики Тыва был начат с удаления климатического отклика на основе инструментальных данных, выявления депрессий в остаточных рядах прироста индивидуальных деревьев на нескольких участках и их сравнения с доступными фактическими данными о поражении леса вредителями. Дендроклиматический анализ показал, что модель, включающая отношение осадков к максимальной температуре за июнь - сентябрь предыдущего и июнь текущего сезона, т. е. степень засушливости предыдущего и текущего вегетационных сезонов, описывает 43,7 % региональной изменчивости прироста лиственницы сибирской ( Larix sibirica Ledeb.). После удаления этой составляющей выявлено несколько периодов депрессии прироста лиственницы во время подтвержденных литературными источниками вспышек размножения сибирского шелкопряда, непарного шелкопряда и серой лиственничной листовертки ( Zeiraphera diniana Gn.). Использование документированных данных за 1998-2016 гг. позволило уточнить пороговые значения доли пострадавших деревьев для значений интенсивности депрессии прироста 1-1,5 стандартных отклонения, обеспечивающих желаемую надежность реконструкции вспышек размножения вредителей. Выявлена зависимость пространственно-временных закономерностей депрессии прироста от вредителя, отражающая его миграцию на пораженной территории. Показано, что депрессии прироста могут запаздывать по сравнению с фактическим поражением вредителями из-за длительного восстановления после повторной дефолиации
One of the possible consequences of climate change is a change in the demographic dynamics of phyllophagous insects. For a retrospective analysis of this dynamics, tree rings are used, especially in regions with limited documentary data. Due to the complex nature of the factors determining tree growth, in order to more clearly identify pest-induced defoliation in tree-ring chronologies one suppress the climatic signal expressed directly or indirectly (through chronologies of non-host tree species). However, in the South Siberia, the choice of non-host species is hampered by the wide distribution of polyphages, like gypsy moth ( Lymantria dispar Linnaeus) and Siberian silk moth ( Dendrolimus sibiricus Tsch.). Therefore, the analysis of pest outbreaks in larch forests of the Republic of Tuva low mountains was started by removing the climatic response based on instrumental data, identifying depressions in the residual time-series of individual trees’ radial growth at several sites, and comparing them with available actual data on forest damage by phyllofages. Dendroclimatic analysis showed that the model including the precipitation-to-maximum-temperature ratio for June-September of the previous season and June of the current year, i. e. the degree of aridity during the previous and current growing season, describes 43.7 % of the regional variation in the growth of Siberian larch ( Larix sibirica Ledeb.). After removal of this component, several periods of larch growth depression were revealed during confirmed outbreaks of the Siberian silk moth, gypsy moth, and larch tortrix ( Zeiraphera diniana Gn.). Use of documented data over 1998-2016 allowed to clarify the threshold values of the portion of affected trees for intensities of the growth depression ranging 1-1.5 standard deviations, providing the required reliability of the outbreak reconstruction. The dependence of the spatio-temporal patterns of growth depression on the pest species was revealed, reflecting their migration in the affected area. It has been shown that growth depressions may be delayed compared with the actual damage by pests due to the long recovery after recurrent defoliation

Держатели документа:
ИЛ СО РАН : 660036, Красноярск, Академгородок, 50, стр. 28

Доп.точки доступа:
Костякова, Т.В.; Белокопытова, Л.В.; Жирнова, Д.Ф.; Zhirnova D.F.; Бабушкина, Е.А.; Ваганов, Евгений Александрович