Труды сотрудников ИЛ им. В.Н. Сукачева СО РАН

/ M. L. Bagard [et al.] // Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta. - 2013. - Vol. 114. - P169-187, DOI 10.1016/j.gca.2013.03.038. - Cited References: 104. - We thank T. Bullen and two anonymous reviewers for their thorough and constructive reviews and A. Jacobson for editorial handling. S. Gangloff is thanked for her assistance with Ca isotope chemistry and T. Perrone for his help in measuring Sr isotopes. This work was supported by the French INSU-CNRS program "EC2CO-Cytrix", and CNRS program "GDRI CAR-WET-SIB, ANR "Arctic Metals", programs of presidium UroRAS and RAS. It was also supported by the funding from the Region Alsace, France, and the CPER 2003-2013 "REALISE". MLB benefited the funding of a Ph.D. scholarship from the French Ministry of National Education and Research. This is an EOST-LHyGeS contribution. . - 19. - ISSN 0016-7037РУБ Geochemistry & Geophysics

Аннотация: Stable Ca and radiogenic Sr isotope compositions were measured in different compartments (stream water, soil solutions, rocks, soils and soil leachates and vegetation) of a small permafrost-dominated watershed in the Central Siberian Plateau. The Sr and Ca in the area are supplied by basalt weathering and atmospheric depositions, which significantly impact the Sr isotopic compositions. Only vegetation significantly fractionates the calcium isotopes within the watershed. These fractionations occur during Ca uptake by roots and along the transpiration stream within the larch trees and are hypothesised to be the result of chromatographic processes and Ca oxalate crystallisations during Ca circulation or storage within plant organs. Biomass degradation significantly influences the Ca isotopic compositions of soil solutions and soil leachates via the release of light Ca, and organic and organo-mineral colloids are thought to affect the Ca isotopic compositions of soil solutions by preferential scavenging of Ca-40. The imprint of organic matter degradation on the delta Ca-44/40 of soil solutions is much more significant for the warmer south-facing slope of the watershed than for the shallow and cold soil active layer of the north-facing slope. As a result, the available stock of biomass and the decomposition rates appear to be critical parameters that regulate the impact of vegetation on the soil-water system in permafrost areas. Finally, the obtained delta Ca-44/40 patterns contrast with those described for permafrost-free environments with a much lower delta Ca-44/40 fractionation factor between soils and plants, suggesting specific features of organic matter decomposition in permafrost environments. The biologically induced Ca isotopic fractionation observed at the soil profile scale is not pronounced at the scale of the streams and large rivers in which the delta Ca-44/40 signature may be controlled by the heterogeneity of lithological sources. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

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Держатели документа:
[Bagard, Marie-Laure
Schmitt, Anne-Desiree
Chabaux, Francois
Stille, Peter] Univ Strasbourg, F-67084 Strasbourg, France
[Bagard, Marie-Laure
Schmitt, Anne-Desiree
Chabaux, Francois
Stille, Peter] CNRS, EOST, LHyGeS, F-67084 Strasbourg, France
[Schmitt, Anne-Desiree] Univ Franche Comte, CNRS, UMR 6249, F-25030 Besancon, France
[Pokrovsky, Oleg S.
Viers, Jerome] Univ Toulouse 3, CNRS, UMR 5563, Geosci & Environm Toulouse, F-31400 Toulouse, France
[Pokrovsky, Oleg S.] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Ecol Problems North, Arkhangelsk, Russia
[Labolle, Francois] Univ Strasbourg, Inst Zool & Biol Gen, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
[Prokushkin, Anatoly S.] VN Sukachev Inst Forest SB RAS, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
Институт леса им. В.Н. Сукачева Сибирского отделения Российской академии наук : 660036, Красноярск, Академгородок 50/28

Доп.точки доступа:
Bagard, M.L.; Schmitt, A.D.; Chabaux, F...; Pokrovsky, O.S.; Viers, J...; Stille, P...; Labolle, F...; Prokushkin, A.S.

[Text] / W. C. Shortle [et al.] // J. Biogeogr. - 1995. - Vol. 22: 1st Global Change and Terrestrial Ecosystems Science Conference (MAY 23-27, 1994, WOODS HOLE, MA), Is. 02.03.2013. - P467-473, DOI 10.2307/2845943. - Cited References: 11 . - 7. - ISSN 0305-0270РУБ Ecology + Geography, Physical

Аннотация: Changes in stemwood calcium concentration ([Ca]) for the last 120 years occurred in a common pattern for two sample collections of red spruce (n=33 and 20) from the northeastern United States and for one sample collection of Siberian fir (n=20) from southcentral Siberia, Russia. The [Ca] was measured for wood formed during the periods 1871-90, 1891-1910, 1911-30, 1931-50, 1951-70 and 1971-90. For each core, the relative increase or decrease in [Ca] for adjacent periods of wood formation was recorded. The relative frequency of positive change in [Ca] for each period of wood formation was calculated for the three sample collections. Previous research indicated that under equilibrium conditions, [Ca] in stemwood tended to decrease in more recently formed wood, due to declining numbers of Ca binding sites. Consequently, we expected a low frequency of positive changes in [Ca] in successively formed wood. Consistent with expectation, the relative frequency of positive change from the preceding period to the periods 1891-1910, 1911-30, 1931-50, and 1971-90 were low. Contrary to expectation, the frequency of positive increases in [Ca] more than doubled in 1951-70 compared to 1931-50. The frequency of positive increases in the 1951-70 period relative to the preceding period was 48%, significantly greater than all other periods (P less than or equal to 0.01). The frequencies of positive increases for all other periods were not significantly different from each other (overall mean = 21%, SD = 7). This anomaly in the frequency of positive change in [Ca] in wood formed in 1951-70 relative to wood formed in 1931-50 indicated a perturbation in the ion exchange chemistry of stemwood in two widely separated parts of the northern coniferous forest. This anomaly could be due to external or internal factors. Changes in sap chemistry that affected stemwood chemistry could have been due to changes in the rooting zone. Such changes in rooting zone chemistry could result from the atmospheric deposition of ionic pollutants. Other external factors that could cause the observed anomaly include unusual climatic periods or environmental disturbances such as logging or fire. Internal factors that might produce an anomalously high frequency of positive change of [Ca] include heartwood formation, stemwood infection and a hypersensitive response of the tree against infection.

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Держатели документа:
US FOREST SERV,DURHAM,NH 03824
VV SUKACHEV FOREST INST,KRASNOYARSK 660036,RUSSIA

Доп.точки доступа:
Shortle, W.C.; Smith, K.T.; Minocha, R...; Alexeyev, V.A.

[Text] / K. Y. Biel [et al.] // Protoplasma. - 2010. - Vol. 245, Is. 01.04.2013. - P49-73, DOI 10.1007/s00709-010-0135-7. - Cited References: 136. - Supported in part by the Competitive Research Grants Office, U.S. Department of Agriculture (Grant Nos. 96-35100-3167 and 98-35100-6106 to JNN). IRF and GNN were supported by Sr. Fulbright Scholar Awards. Thanks to Professors Andrew A. Benson (Scripps Institute of Oceanography, La Jolla, California, USA), Edwin A. Cossins (University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada), and William H. Outlaw, Jr. (Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA) for the valuable comments on the manuscript, and to Vincent R. Franceschi (Electron Microscopy Center, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA; deceased) for useful discussions about calcium oxalate. Portions of the work were preliminarily reported (Bil' et al. 2003a, b) . - 25. - ISSN 0033-183XРУБ Plant Sciences + Cell Biology

Аннотация: The localization of the key photoreductive and oxidative processes and some stress-protective reactions within leaves of mesophytic C(3) plants were investigated. The role of light in determining the profile of Rubisco, glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase, catalase, fumarase, and cytochrome-c-oxidase across spinach leaves was examined by exposing leaves to illumination on either the adaxial or abaxial leaf surfaces. Oxygen evolution in fresh paradermal leaf sections and CO(2) gas exchange in whole leaves under adaxial or abaxial illumination was also examined. The results showed that the palisade mesophyll is responsible for the midday depression of photosynthesis in spinach leaves. The photosynthetic apparatus was more sensitive to the light environment than the respiratory apparatus. Additionally, examination of the paradermal leaf sections by optical microscopy allowed us to describe two new types of parenchyma in spinach-pirum mesophyll and pillow spongy mesophyll. A hypothesis that oxaloacetate may protect the upper leaf tissue from the destructive influence of active oxygen is presented. The application of mathematical modeling shows that the pattern of enzymatic distribution across leaves abides by the principle of maximal ecological utility. Light regulation of carbon metabolism across leaves is discussed.

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Держатели документа:
[Nishio, John N.] Calif State Univ Chico, Biocompatible Plant Res Inst, Coll Nat Sci, Chico, CA 95929 USA
[Biel, Karl Y.
Fomina, Irina R.
Nazarova, Galina N.] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Basic Biol Problems, Pushchino 142290, Moscow Region, Russia
[Biel, Karl Y.
Fomina, Irina R.] Biosphere Syst Int Fdn, Oro Valley, AZ 85755 USA
[Soukhovolsky, Vladislav G.
Khlebopros, Rem G.] Russian Acad Sci, Int Sci Ctr Organism Extreme States Res, Krasnoyarsk Sci Ctr, Siberian Branch, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia
[Soukhovolsky, Vladislav G.] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Forest, Siberian Branch, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia
[Khlebopros, Rem G.] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Biophys, Siberian Branch, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia

Доп.точки доступа:
Biel, K.Y.; Fomina, I.R.; Nazarova, G.N.; Soukhovolsky, V.G.; Khlebopros, R.G.; Nishio, J.N.

/ C. -H. Cheng [et al.] // Geoderma. - 2016. - Vol. 265. - P187-195, DOI 10.1016/j.geoderma.2015.11.028 . - ISSN 0016-7061
Аннотация: Steep mountain terrain, fractured geological environments, and intense precipitation events are primary factors that contribute to frequent landslides in mountainous regions. Landslides exert an immense impact on forest ecosystems and substantially change soil properties; understanding these changes is crucial to facilitating subsequent forest revegetation and management. In this study, the effects of landslide on soil physicochemical properties were investigated in a moist montane forest ecosystem in Xitou, Central Taiwan. We established a dataset comprised historical soil survey data obtained in 1976 and data from soil samples taken in 2012 at the same locations to compare differences in soil properties after landslide deposition, and also conducted soil sampling along a landslide/nonlandslide affected sequence to determine how the degree of landslide deposition affected soil physicochemical properties. The results indicated that rock fragment content, soil pH value, bulk density, inorganic carbon, and base saturation increased following landslide deposition and that severe landslide deposition caused more substantial increases. By contrast, the thicknesses of the O and A horizons, soil organic carbon, total nitrogen, and cation-exchange capacity significantly decreased following landslides; these decreases were more substantial with increasing degree of landslide deposition. Exchangeable potassium, calcium, magnesium, and available phosphorus content, however, were unaffected by landslide deposition. The results demonstrated that soil physicochemical properties were significantly altered after landslide deposition; these resultant changes, particularly in regard to high soil pH value, poor structure, and low soil organic carbon and total nitrogen, are expected to influence functions in forest ecosystems. © 2015 Elsevier B.V.

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Держатели документа:
School of Forestry and Resource Conservation, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
NTU Experimental Forest, National Taiwan University, Nantou, Taiwan
Institute of Forest SR RAS, Krasnoyarsk, Russian Federation

Доп.точки доступа:
Cheng, C.-H.; Hsiao, S.-C.; Huang, Y.-S.; Hung, C.-Y.; Pai, C.-W.; Chen, C.-P.; Menyailo, O. V.
Свободных экз. нет

/ T. T. Efremova [и др.] // Vestn. Tomsk. Gos. Univ. Biol. - 2018. - Is. 41. - С. 135-155, DOI 10.17223/19988591/41/8 . - ISSN 1998-8591
Аннотация: In the complex structure of the vertical altitudinal zonality of the Altai-Sayan mountain country, peat soils were almost not represented. The aim of this research was to develop a topographic series of peat soils of the Kuznetsk Alatau. The studied peatlands were confined to the basins of the Belyi Iyus and the Chernyi Iyus rivers and located at different hypsometric levels of the relief on the Eastern slope of the Kuznetsk Alatau, at 1543, 1087, 832, 622, 579 and 547m above sea level (See Fig. 1). As a criterion of vertical structural organization of soil, we used acid-base properties: water pH (water extract), salt pH (extract of 1M KCl) and general potential - nonexchangeable acidity (extract of 1M CH3COONa). The determined value of acidity was multiplied by an empirical coefficient 1.75. The sum of exchangeable cations (by Kappen-Hilkovits) was found in the extract of 0.1M HCl, in which the Ca2++Mg2+ was determined by complexometric titration. According to the difference between the sum of exchangeable cations and Ca2++Mg2+, we identified the content of other (unidentified) cations. The degree of soil saturation with bases, expressed in %, was calculated as the proportion of exchangeable bases in 0.1M HCl solution to the sum (exchangeable bases + nonexchangeable acidity). The V-diagrams, constructed on the basis of water pH, salt pH and saturation of soil absorbing complex (SAC) with exchangeable calcium and magnesium, describe the acidic trace of soil formation and simulate the acidification of top soil horizons in the course of peat genesis (See Fig. 2). High-precision regression model was proposed for the prediction of exchangeble acidity value (pHKCl) by the value of active acidity (pHH2O).Using the methods of multivariate statistical analysis (discriminant, multidimensional scaling), we grouped peat soils into three clusters with acid-base characteristics. The parameter of SAC saturation by alkaline-earth cations and pH salt value makes the dominant contribution to the organization of peat soil clusters with a final prediction 89% (See Table 3, Fig. 4). In the structure of vertical soil zones of the Altai-Sayan mountain country, particularly of the Eastern slopes of the Kuznetsk Alatau, the geochemical associations (clusters) of peat soils were identified: a) acidic and unsaturated by calcium and magnesium (<30-50%) on the whole profile within the boundaries of alpine tundra and subalpine complexes at the altitude of 1500-1100 m; b) slightly acidic and slightly saturated with bases (50-70%) within the mountaintaiga zone of dark coniferous forests 1100-800 m a.s.; c) neutral and moderately saturated with alkaline-earth base (70-90%) associations of peat soils within the zone of subtaiga-forest-steppe 800-500 m a.s. (See Table 4). Chorological organization of peat soils is in accordance with the hydrochemical zoning of underground waters and high-zone structure of the vegetation cover at automorphic sites. However, in the forest zone of wetlands of the Kuznetsk Alatau eastern slope, regardless of acid-base properties of peat soils, spruce forests mainly form, reflecting the main characteristics of soil hydromorphism. In this regard, the status of indigenous groups of swamp spruce forests can be considered as sufficient objective criteria of a regional climate change towards dryness. © 2018 Tomsk State University. All rights reserved.

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Держатели документа:
Laboratory of Phytocoenology and Forest Resource Studies, VN Sukachev Institute of Forest, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Federal Research Center, Krasnoyarsk Science Center SB RAS, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 50 Akademgorodok, bld. 28, Krasnoyarsk, 660036, Russian Federation

Доп.точки доступа:
Efremova, T. T.; Efremov, S. P.; Melent'Eva, N. V.; Avrova, A. F.

/ T. T. Efremova, A. V. Pimenov, S. P. Efremov [et al.] // Biol. Bull. - 2021. - Vol. 48, Is. 5. - P616-625, DOI 10.1134/S1062359021050071. - Cited References:32 . - ISSN 1062-3590. - ISSN 1608-3059РУБ Biology

Аннотация: For the first time, using the example of a key object of the peat river valleys of the Kuznetsk Alatau occupied by spruce forests, it is shown that swamp waters are clearly differentiated by the content of the main ions due to forest-peat fires. Swamp waters objectively form three groups: (1) waters of the original type of mineral nutrition (fresh, soft), (2) waters of peatland covered by a medium fire (fresh, hard), (3) waters of peatland covered by a high fire (slightly saline, very hard). Magnesium ions and bicarbonates have the highest discriminating power (95%) in the determination of swamp waters. The swamp waters of the post-pyrogenic peatland do not lose the ratio of the main ions, which is similar to waters of the original type, and retain the hydro-carbonate calcium-magnesium composition.

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Держатели документа:
Russian Acad Sci, Fed Res Ctr Krasnoyarsk Sci Ctr SB RAS, Siberian Branch, Sukachev Inst Forestry, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia.

Доп.точки доступа:
Efremova, T. T.; Pimenov, A., V; Efremov, S. P.; Avrova, A. F.; Efimov, D. Yu

/ V. L. Gavrikov, A. I. Fertikov, R. A. Sharafutdinov, E. A. Vaganov // Lesnoy Zh. - 2021. - Is. 6. - С. 24-37, DOI 10.37482/0536-1036-2021-6-24-37. - Cited References:26 . - ISSN 0536-1036РУБ Forestry

Аннотация: Distribution of chemical elements in tree rings bears important information on various biogeochemical processes. In order to achieve a reliable interpretation of the information, it is necessary to know the degree of variation in the content of chemical elements both at the level of the entire species and at the level of individual trees. The research aims to determine which chemical elements have a stable distribution in the trunks of a number of conifers: Siberian spruce (Picea obovata Ledeb.), Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.), Siberian larch (Larix sibirica Ledeb.), and Siberian pine (Pinus sibirica Du Tour). The data for the analysis were obtained on the basis of the long-term experiment in forest growing. The experimental site was laid out in 1971-1972 in the vicinity of Krasnoyarsk by the staff of the Sukachev Institute of Forest of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Before planting the seedlings, the soil ground was mechanically levelled, and thus, sufficiently equal growth conditions were created for all plantings. Cores with a diameter of 12 mm were sampled from three normally developing trees of each species and analyzed using modern X-ray fluorescence methods. Content relative values of elements (counts) were obtained with the Itrax Multiscanner (COX Analytical Systems). The content of elements in the tree rings was characterized by the concentration and reserve of elements. Concentration was calculated as the number of counts per 1 mm(2) of the ring area; reserve was calculated as the number of counts over the entire ring area. Each of these variables was defined by the parameters of linear slope in the calendar year series and the standard deviation. The cluster analysis was performed in the 4-dimensional space of the obtained parameters. This allowed determining whether the series of element distributions from different trees and species are grouped. Three elements (Ca, Co, and P) show high stability of distribution parameters in tree rings with no regard to tree species. A number of other elements (Mn, Pb, Cl, Cr, Ni, Sr, and W) are stably grouped depending on the species. The results of the research enable to focus on the study of the elements stably distributed in the conifer trunks.

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Держатели документа:
Siberian Fed Univ, Prosp Svobodnyy 79, Krasnoyarsk 660041, Russia.
Sukachev Inst Forest SB RAS, Akademgorodok 50-28, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia.

Доп.точки доступа:
Gavrikov, Vladimir L.; Fertikov, Alexey, I; Sharafutdinov, Ruslan A.; Vaganov, Evgenii A.

/ Н. В. Астраханцева, Л. Г. Серая, Н. В. Пашенова, А. А. Коженкова, Ю. Н. Баранчиков // Сибирский лесной журнал. - 2023. - № 5. - С. 43-59DOI 10.15372/SJFS20230507
   Перевод заглавия: ANATOMICAL FEATURES OF THE BARK AS A FACTOR OF RESISTANCE OF FIR SPECIES TO INFESTATION BY THE FOUR-EYED FIR BARK BEETLE

ГРНТИ

68.47.03

Аннотация: Для выяснения причин различной видовой повреждаемости пихт ( Abies Mill.) уссурийским полиграфом ( Polygraphus proximus Blandford) изучали строение коры представителей секций Balsamea , Momi , Abies , Grandis в коллекциях Главного ботанического сада им. Н. В. Цицина РАН. Исследовали особенности структуры покровных тканей (перидермы и ритидома) и внутренней (живой) коры, состоявшей из первичной коры (кортекса) и вторичной флоэмы. Виды пихт, покровные ткани ствола которых образованы перидермами, включающими слои губчатой и каменистой (лигнифицированной) феллемы, - пихта цельнолистная ( Abies holophylla Maxim.), п. равночешуйчатая ( A. homolepis Siebold & Zucc.) , п. Нордмана ( A. nordmanniana (Steven) Spach), а также виды, рано формирующие корку, - п. Нордмана, полиграфом практически не заселялись. Виды пихт, покровные ткани которых имели малую толщину и были представлены однотипными суберинизированными клетками феллемы, оказались наиболее привлекательны для втачивания полиграфа (виды из секции Balsamea ). Отмечена связь повреждаемости уссурийским полиграфом с особенностями строения и соотношения компонентов первичной коры и вторичной флоэмы, где основным фактором служила степень склерификации. Наименее привлекательными для уссурийского полиграфа были виды, имеющие высокую степень склерификации внешнего и среднего слоя внутренней коры. Степень конституционной устойчивости к уссурийскому полиграфу повышалась с увеличением степени срастания и размеров склереидных групп, равномерности и плотности их распределения. Наиболее уязвимыми были пихты с низкой степенью склерификации внешнего и среднего слоя и/или неравномерным и неплотным распределением групп склереид, и пихты, имеющие повышенное и высокое содержание слизевых клеток (п. сибирская ( A. sibirica Ledeb.)). Отмечена обратная связь между степенью склерификации и содержанием слизевых клеток. Четкой зависимости между повреждаемостью полиграфом и содержанием кристаллов оксалата кальция, а также особенностями смолоносной системы не установлено.
To elucidate the reasons for the differences Fir species ( Abies . Mill.) damage by four-eyed fir bark beetle ( Polygraphus proximus Blandford), we studied the structure of fir bark in sections Balsamea , Momi , Abies , Grandis from the collections of the Tsitsin Main botanical garden of the Russian Academy of Sciences. In the bark, the features of the structure of the outer bark tissues (periderm and rhytidome) and the inner bark, which consisted of the cortex and secondary phloem, were studied. Species of fir, the outer bark of which are formed by periderms including layers of spongy and stony (lignified) phellem (phellem of Manchurian fir ( Abies holophylla Maxim.), Nikko fir ( A. homolepis Siebold & Zucc.), Nordmann fir ( A. nordmanniana (Steven) Spach)), as well as species that early formed a rhytidome (Nordmann fir), are practically not colonized by the P. proximus . The cork of fir species, the phellem of which is represented by the same type of suberinized cells, and having a small thickness (species from section Balsamea ), is more attractive for invasion by the P. proximus . The relationship between damage by the P. proximus and the structural features and the ratio of the components of the outer and middle layers of the inner bark, where the degree of sclerification is the main factor, is noted. The least attractive for P. proximus are the fir species that have a high degree of sclerification of the outer and middle layers of the inner bark. The degree of constitutional resistance to P. proximus increases with an increase in the degree of accretion and size of sclereid groups, the uniformity and density of their distribution. The most vulnerable are firs with a low degree of sclerification of the outer and middle layers and/or an uneven and loose distribution of sclereid groups, and firs with an increased and high content of mucilage cells (Siberian fir ( A. sibirica Ledeb.)). An inverse relationship was noted between the degree of sclerification and the content of mucilage cells. A clear relationship between P. proximus and the content of calcium oxalate crystals, as well as the characteristics of the resinous system, has not been established.

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Держатели документа:
ИЛ СО РАН : 660036, Красноярск, Академгородок 50/28

Доп.точки доступа:
Серая, Лидия Георгиевна; Seraya, Lidiya Georgievna; Пашенова, Наталья Вениаминовна; Pashenova, Natal'ya Veniaminovna; Коженкова, А.А.; Баранчиков, Юрий Николаевич; Baranchikov, Yury Nikolayevich; Astrakhantseva Natal'ya Vladimirovna

/ Т. Т. Ефремова, А. В. Пименов, С. П. Ефремов, А. Ф. Аврова // Сибирский экологический журнал. - 2023. - Т. 30, № 6. - С. 773-787DOI 10.15372/SEJ20230604
   Перевод заглавия: TRANSFORMATION OF SOIL ORGANIC MATTER IN CONNECTION WITH THE INTENSITY OF PEAT FIRE (ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE SWAMP SPRUCE FOREST OF THE KUZNETSK ALATAU)

ГРНТИ

68.05.43

68.47.41

Аннотация: В рамках экологического направления изучения гумуса с применением традиционных методов и терминов обсуждаются особенности трансформации органического вещества торфяных эвтрофных почв (Hypereutric Sapric Histosols) и глееземов торфянистых (Eutric Histic Gleysols) через 20 лет после лесоторфяного пожара. Объектом исследования послужил зеленомошно-гипновый ельник (Picea obovata Ledeb.) восточного склона Кузнецкого Алатау (абсолютная высота 622 м). Состав органического вещества пирогенных почв (0-30 см) характеризуется высокой изменчивостью (коэффициент вариации 12-92 %). По данным факторного анализа, 76 % общей дисперсии обусловлено совокупностью гумусовых веществ, 24 % - полисахаридами. Процедурой кластерного анализа выделено две группы объектов, статистическая достоверность которых подтверждена дискриминантным анализом. Кластеры почв отражают особенности протекания пирогенных процессов - подземного очагового тления, ниже точки возгорания, открытого интенсивного и средней силы пожара. Относительно фонового содержания углерода 41 % в торфяной почве, не охваченной пожаром, его количество снижается соответственно до 26,5 и 13,4 %. При этом наблюдается практически равное образование продуктов гумификации (∑ГК + ∑ФК) - 55 и 54 % за счет преимущественно фульвокислот (Сгк/Сфк 0,2-0,6). Особенности теплового воздействия проявляются главным образом на фракционном уровне. Специфичность подземного тления - повышенный выход фульвокислот 1-й фракции, свободных и рыхло связанных с R2O3. Открытый пожар сопровождается преимущественным образованием гуминовых и фульвокислот, связанных с кальцием. В дискриминацию кластеров, согласно стандартизованных коэффициентов канонического анализа, наибольший совокупный вклад вносят 1-я и 2-я фракции гуминовых и фульвокислот, максимальный персональный вес - ГК-2, ФК-1 и ФК-2. На основе ранее полученных сведений допускаем, что продолжающийся торфогенез может вызвать преобразование фульватного гумуса в фульватно-гуматный и/или гуматный. В случае погребения пирогенной толщи 0-30 см это может произойти примерно через 270 лет, исходя из скорости линейного прироста торфа в ельниках Кузнецкого Алатау, 1,12 мм/год. Результаты исследований подтверждают правомерность традиционного деления гумусовых кислот на фракции.
Within the ecological direction of studying humus using traditional methods and terms, the peculiarities of the transformation of organic matter of peat eutrophic soils (Hypereutric Sapric Histosols) and peaty gleezems (Eutric Histic Gleysols) 20 years after a forest-peat fire are discussed. The object of the study was the green moss-hypnum spruce forests (Picea obovata Ledeb.) of eastern slope of the Kuznetsk Alatau (absolute height 622 m). The composition of organic matter of pyrogenic soils (0-30 cm) is characterized by high variability (coefficient of variation 12-92 %). According to the factor analysis, 76 % of the total variance is due to a combination of humic substances, 24 % - polysaccharides. Using the cluster analysis procedure, we identified two groups of objects whose statistical reliability was confirmed by discriminant analysis. Soil clusters reflect the peculiarities of pyrogenic processes - underground focal smoldering, below the point of ignition, and open intense and medium strength fire. Relative to the background carbon content of 41 % (peats not covered by fire), its amount decreases to 26.5 and 13.4 %, respectively. At the same time, there is an almost equal formation of humification products (∑GC + ∑FC) - 55.4 and 53.7 % due mainly to fulvic acids (Cgc/Cfc 0.2-0.6). The peculiarities of the thermal effect are occurred mainly at the fractional level. The specificity of underground smoldering is an increased yield of fulvic acids of the first fraction, free and loosely bound to R2O3. An open fire is accompanied by the predominant formation of humic and fulvic acids associated with calcium. According to standardized coefficients of canonical analysis, the first and second fractions of humic and fulvic acids make the greatest cumulative contribution to cluster discrimination, the maximum personal weight is HC-2, FC-1 and FC-2. Based on previously obtained information about the group composition of buried peats and the important role of anaerobiosis in the formation of humic acids, which are more correspond with the restored nature of the substance compared to fulvic acids, it can be assumed that peat genesis continuing in the area of the fire can cause the transformation of fulvate humus into fulvate-humate and/or humate. In the case of burial of a pyrogenic peat layer of 0-30 cm, this can happen in about 270 years, based on the rate of linear growth of peat in the spruce forests of the Kuznetsk Alatau - 1.12 mm/ year. The research results confirm the validity of the traditional division of humic acids into fractions.

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Держатели документа:
ИЛ СО РАН : 660036, Красноярск, Академгородок 50/28

Доп.точки доступа:
Пименов, Александр Владимирович; Pimenov, Alexandr Vladimirovich; Ефремов, Станислав Петрович; Efremov S.P.; Аврова, Ада Федоровна; Avrova Ada Fyedorovna; Efremova T.T.