Труды сотрудников ИЛ им. В.Н. Сукачева СО РАН

/ J.M. Styles et al, N. Tchebakova // Tellus. Series B: Chemical and physical meteorology. - 2002. - Vol. 54B, № 5. - С. 768-783
Аннотация: The integrating properties of the atmospheric boundary layer allow the influence of surface exchange processes on the atmosphere to be quantified and estimates of large-scale fluxes of trace gases and plant isotopic discrimination to be made. Five flights were undertaken over two days in and above the convective boundary layer (CBL) in a vegetated region in central Siberia. Vertical profiles Of CO2 and H2O concentrations, temperature and pressure were obtained during each flight. Air flask samples were taken at various heights for carbon and oxygen isotopic analysis Of CO2. Two CBL budget methods were compared to estimate regional surface fluxes Of CO2 and plant isotopic discrimination against (CO2)-C-13 and (COO)-O-18-O-16. Flux estimates were compared to ground-based eddy covariance measurements. The fluxes obtained for CO2 using the first method agreed to within 10% of fluxes measured in the forest at the study site by eddy covariance. Those obtained from the second method agreed to within 35% when a correction was applied for air loss out of the integrating column and for subsidence. The values for C-13 discrimination were within the range expected from knowledge Of C-3 plant discriminations during photosynthesis, while the inferred O-18 discrimination varied considerably over the two-day period. This variation may in part be explained by the enrichment of chloroplast water during the day due to evaporation from an initial signature in the morning close to source water. Additional potential complications arising from the heterogeneous nature of the landscape are discussed.

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Держатели документа:
Russian Acad Sci, VN Sukachev Forest Inst, Siberian Div, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia

Доп.точки доступа:
Styles et al, J.M.; Стайлес Дж.М.; Tchebakova, Nadezhda Mikhailovna; Чебакова, Надежда Михайловна

[Text] / R. T. Carde [et al.] // Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. - 1996. - Vol. 89, Is. 5. - P745-753. - Cited References: 53 . - 9. - ISSN 0013-8746РУБ Entomology

Аннотация: Male Asian gypsy moths, Lymantria dispar (L.), were attracted to synthetic pheromone (cis-7R,8S-epoxy-2-methyloctadecane) in the Russian Far East, Central Siberia, and Germany, where this strain has recently been detected. A bimodal pattern of attraction was evident at all 3 sites. One peak of attraction was in early to midafternoon, with a 2nd, usually smaller peak, following sunset. Temperature modulated attraction: warm daytime temperatures increased catch, whereas low nighttime temperatures generally suppressed or eliminated attraction. However, the surge of male attraction to pheromone in the hour after sunset seemed unaffected by falling temperatures. As average temperatures at the 3 sites decreased, the daytime peak of male activity progressively shifted to later in the afternoon. Female eclosion in Germany also followed a bimodal pattern, with a major midmorning to midday peak of emergence and a 2nd, smaller peak, in the afternoon. The timing of male attraction allowed coordination of the ranging flight of the male with the availability of emerging and pheromone-emitting females. The congruence in daily activity patterns suggest that the timing of mating would not be a barrier to the hybridization of the Asian, European, and North American strains of this lymantriid in new areas of sympatry.

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Держатели документа:
UNIV MASSACHUSETTS,DEPT ENTOMOL,AMHERST,MA 01002
KANSAS STATE UNIV,DEPT ENTOMOL,MANHATTAN,KS 66506
US FOREST SERV,NORTHEASTERN CTR FOREST HLTH RES,NORTHEASTERN FOREST EXPT STN,HAMDEN,CT 06514
VN SUKACHEV INST FOREST,KRASNOYARSK 660006,RUSSIA

Доп.точки доступа:
Carde, R.T.; Charlton, R.E.; Wallner, W.E.; Baranchikov, Y.N.

/ D. L. Grodnitsky // Zoologicheskii Zhurnal. - 1996. - Vol. 75, Is. 5. - С. 699-700 . - ISSN 0044-5134
Аннотация: Types of flight systems in insects are described relying on the data on wing beat frequency, wing loading and other morphological and functional parameters. Each type is peculiar for one of the main endopterygote orders (Insecta: Scarabaeiformes-Oligoneoptera) which possesses the ability to fly. Origin of typical flight patterns in explained by particular features of morphology and mode of life. The wing apparatus of lacewings, scorpion flies and stone flies is characterized by the primitive features such as medium aspect ratio, low frequency and wing loading. Evolution of the flight system in beetles was strongly affected by the defensive function of thick and heavy external skeleton and thus resulted in adaptation to produce mainly lift. Dipterous flies aquired the most rapid and maneuverable flight due to particular morphological and kinematic features. Historical changes in structure and operation mode of hymenopteran wings were restricted to the necessity to transport additional loads while foraging due to social or semi-social life strategies of the species. Evolution of lepidopteran wings was determined by their heavy scale covering and the ability to regulate temperature inside thorax by means of either physiological or behavioural adaptations so that peculiar narrow-winged and broad-winged forms appeared.

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Держатели документа:
Institute of Forest, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Krasnoyarsk, Russian Federation

Доп.точки доступа:
Grodnitsky, D.L.

/ D. L. Grodnitsky, R. Dudley // Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society. - 1996. - Vol. 69, Is. 2. - P199-203 . - ISSN 0022-8567
Аннотация: An experimental procedure was developed to visualize the vortex wake of free-flying insects. Neotropical Heliconius erato butterflies were filmed hovering inside a transparent plexiglas cube. A dispersed cloud of Sephadex particles was used as the visualization medium. The flow field around the flying insect was illuminated with a planar laser beam, thereby generating a cross-sectional perspective of the three-dimensional vortex wake. Thirty-seven flight sequences from five individuals were filmed for analysis. A variety of vortex structures was observed, although the most likely form of the wake in slow forward flight is a series of distinct vortex rings.

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Держатели документа:
V.N. Sukachev Institute of Forest, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russian Federation
Department of Zoology, University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712, United States
Smithsonian Trop. Research Institute, P.O. Box 2072, Balboa, Panama

Доп.точки доступа:
Grodnitsky, D.L.; Dudley, R.

/ D. L. Grodnitsky, M. V. Kozlov // Biologisches Zentralblatt. - 1991. - Vol. 110, Is. 3. - P199-206 . - ISSN 0006-3304
Аннотация: Examined wing morphology and flight kinematics in 53 species of moths and butterflies. The main pathways of evolution of flapping plane are described. The structure of wing scale covering was studies in 151 species. The most widely spread modifications of the covering are defined, and relationship of wing evolution to that of scale covering is discussed. The main function of scales is supposed to be thermoinsulatory. -from Authors

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Держатели документа:
V.N. Sukachev Inst. of Forest & Wood, Siberian Branch of the USSR, Academy of Sciences, Krasnoyarsk, 66003, Russia

Доп.точки доступа:
Grodnitsky, D.L.; Kozlov, M.V.

[Text] / D. L. Grodnitsky // Evolution. - 1995. - Vol. 49, Is. 6. - P1158-1162, DOI 10.2307/2410440. - Cited References: 39 . - 5. - ISSN 0014-3820РУБ Ecology + Evolutionary Biology + Genetics & Heredity

Аннотация: Classification of the main types of insect in-flight kinematics is proposed here, based on comparative data of wing movement during flapping flight. By comparing the described kinematic patterns with the results of studies of the vortex-wake structures of flying insects, these patterns can be explained as adaptations for overcoming the negative effects of mutual deceleration of fore- and hind wing starting vortex bubbles, which take place in insects with the most primitive type of wing kinematics. The aerodynamic efficiency of the flying system can be decreased if natural selection favors behavioral patterns that involve suboptimal wing kinematics.


Доп.точки доступа:
Grodnitsky, D.L.

[Текст] / D. L. GRODNITSKY // Zhurnal Obshchei Biol. - 1995. - Vol. 56, Is. 4. - С. 438-449. - Cited References: 64 . - 12. - ISSN 0044-4596РУБ Biology

Аннотация: Analogous structures can be considered as a result of the convergence of unrelated organisms formed by selection under the similar living conditions. The data on the analogous morphologlcal structures (distal fusion of anal veins, secondary vein-like sclerotization, some signes of wing planform, wrinkled veins, cover scales and wing eyes) on insect wings in different orders are provided. It is shown that the origin of these structures cannot be completely explained by the similarity of their functions. It seems also impossible to understand morphology only on the basis of a structure's function in art organism's life. The general approach to an organism's structure must include two independent (additive-according to Bohr) factors: selectional (the subject of the functional and ecological morphology) and morphogenetic (the subject of structuralism and constructional morphology).


Доп.точки доступа:
GRODNITSKY, D.L.

[Текст] / D. L. GRODNITSKY, P. P. MOROZOV // Zool. Zhurnal. - 1995. - Vol. 74, Is. 3. - С. 66-72. - Cited References: 16 . - 7. - ISSN 0044-5134РУБ Zoology

Аннотация: By means of dust flow visualization in glimmering flat laser beam, the air flow around the beetles which flew being tethered was studied. The vortex wake of a flying beetle was observed to be formed by mutually parallel separate vortex rings and thus does not differ significantly from aerodynamic wakes of other insects having different wing apparatus. The elytra of beetles unlike the forewings of functionally four-winged insects, operate in more steady flow and are in general way, functionally similar to wings of aircrafts.


Доп.точки доступа:
GRODNITSKY, D.L.; MOROZOV, P.P.

[Text] / D. L. GRODNITSKY, P. P. MOROZOV // J. Exp. Biol. - 1993. - Vol. 182. - P11-40. - Cited References: 59 . - 30. - ISSN 0022-0949РУБ Biology

Аннотация: Tethered flight of six insect species (two pentatomid bugs, a moth, a butterfly, a muscid fly and a crane fly) was studied using several modifications of a dust flow visualization procedure. The spatial structure of the near vortex wake of flying specimens was reconstructed on the basis of two-dimensional flow pictures. The dynamics of the wake was followed during a stroke cycle, revealing interspecific differences in vortex formation. It is suggested that insects create a single vortex ring during each stroke. Therefore, the hypothesis of double vortex chains advanced by Brodsky is not verified. The same is true of the jet hypothesis of Bocharova-Messner. While pronating at the top of their trajectory, the flapping wings throw air masses off their lower surfaces, but there is not a jet from between their upper sides. Flow separation from leading edges was found to be a rare phenomenon, taking place irregularly during the stroke cycle. That is why, contrary to widespread theoretical expectations, the Weis-Foch fling mechanism is not likely to contain a leading edge separation bubble, which must follow stalling at the front part of the wings. It is suggested that flying animals possess special mechanisms for extracting energy back from the near vortex wake. Some hypothetical adaptations for such an extraction in insects are put forward. Possible pathways for the evolution of insect flight are described.


Доп.точки доступа:
GRODNITSKY, D.L.; MOROZOV, P.P.

[Текст] / D. L. GRODNITSKY // Zool. Zhurnal. - 1993. - Vol. 72, Is. 7. - С. 84-94. - Cited References: 48 . - 11. - ISSN 0044-5134РУБ Zoology

Аннотация: Vertical and horizontal periodic movements of the body following each wing stroke were investigated in three butterfly species during their free flight in a transparent cage. Distribution of the movements along the stroke cycle shows that specimens climb during downstroke, supination, and upstroke. Pronation of the wings in the top of their trajectory (Weis-Fogh's clap-and-fling mechanisms) is followed by height reduction. The horizontal distance that insects cover during pronation and downstroke exceeded mean value and it was less than the mean value during supination and upstroke. The data acquired suggest that distributions in lift and thrust along a stroke cycle are characterized by sinusoid-like curves as a first approximation. Maximal lift is generated during the end of each downstroke, while the maximal thrust coincides in time with the end of the upstroke and the clap of the wings. A new non-steady mechanism of aerodynamic force generation is proposed. The mechanism is connected with air throwing off the flapping planes during their pronation and supination. Horizontal flight speed is negatively correlated with the angle between the body and the horizon, but does not depend on wing beat frequency. A hypothesis is suggested that insect flapping flight power regulation system includes a finite number of stable kinematic patterns each corresponding to a particular flight mode and characterized by specific values of intimately correlated stroke parameters.


Доп.точки доступа:
GRODNITSKY, D.L.

[Text] / D. L. GRODNITSKY, P. P. MOROZOV // J. Exp. Biol. - 1992. - Vol. 169. - P143-163. - Cited References: 41 . - 21. - ISSN 0022-0949РУБ Biology

Аннотация: Experiments on dust visualization of the flow around tethered flying green lacewings showed that, contrary to expectations based on the Weis-Fogh clap-and-fling mechanism, a leading edge separation bubble does not exist near either fore- or hindwings. At the beginning of the stroke cycle each wing operates as an independent generator of vorticity. The vortex bubbles of all the four wings then unite, producing a single U-shaped bubble. A hypothetical spatial structure for the vortex wake is derived from a series of registrated sections of the wake illuminated with a flat light beam. Some problems of wing functional morphology and insect flight aerodynamics are also discussed.


Доп.точки доступа:
GRODNITSKY, D.L.; MOROZOV, P.P.

[Текст] / D. L. GRODNITSKY // Zool. Zhurnal. - 1992. - Vol. 71, Is. 4. - С. 21-28. - Cited References: 27 . - 8. - ISSN 0044-5134РУБ Zoology

Аннотация: Several kinematic parameters of wings and linked with them vertical oscillations of the body were studied analyzing cinema films of 3 butterfly species flying free and being tethered. Tethered insects demonstrated prolonged near harmonic strokes. Contrary to that in free flight downstroke lasts more than the upstroke. Butterflies change relationship between lift and thrust changing the angle between longitudinal body axis and the horizon. Absolute value of aerodynamic force is regulated with stroke amplitude. Lift may be enhanced by increasing relative duration of downstroke. interrelationship between wing kinematics and periodical vertical body movements shows that almost no sustaining force is generated during Weis-Fogh's clap-and-fling. Maximal lift values have place in the lower part of downstroke. New data do not support the hypothesis on the role of reactive force in insect flight.


Доп.точки доступа:
GRODNITSKY, D.L.

[Text] / P. M. Montesano [et al.] // Remote Sens. Environ. - 2015. - Vol. 158. - P95-109, DOI 10.1016/j.rse.2014.10.029. - Cited References:90. - This work was supported by the NASA Terrestrial Ecology Program. Weacknowledge the expertise of Sergey Im, Pasha Oskorbin and MukhtarNaurzbaev that was critical to the success of various field expeditionsin remote areas of northern Siberia. We also acknowledge the importanceof the constructive criticism provided by the anonymous reviewers whohelped improve this manuscript. . - ISSN 0034-4257. - ISSN 1879-0704РУБ Environmental Sciences + Remote Sensing + Imaging Science & Photographic

Аннотация: The Forest Light (FLIGHT) radiative transfer model was used to examine the uncertainty of vegetation structure measurements from NASA's planned ICESat-2 photon counting light detection and ranging (LiDAR) instrument across a synthetic Larix forest gradient in the taiga-tundra ecotone. The simulations demonstrate how measurements from the planned spaceborne mission, which differ from those of previous LiDAR systems, may perform across a boreal forest to non-forest structure gradient in globally important ecological region of northern Siberia. We used a modified version of FLIGHT to simulate the acquisition parameters of ICESat-2. Modeled returns were analyzed from collections of sequential footprints along LiDAR tracks (link-scales) of lengths ranging from 20 m-90 m. These link-scales traversed synthetic forest stands that were initialized with parameters drawn from field surveys in Siberian Larix forests. LiDAR returns from vegetation were compiled for 100 simulated LiDAR collections for each 10 Mg . ha(-1) interval in the 0-100 Mg . ha-1 above-ground biomass density (AGB) forest gradient. Canopy height metrics were computed and AGB was inferred from empirical models. The root mean square error (RMSE) and RMSE uncertainty associated with the distribution of inferred AGB within each AGB interval across the gradient was examined.Simulation results of the bright daylight and low vegetation reflectivity conditions for collecting photon counting LiDAR with no topographic relief show that 1-2 photons are returned for 79%-88% of LiDAR shots. Signal photons account for similar to 67% of all LiDAR returns, while similar to 50% of shots result in 1 signal photon returned. The proportion of these signal photon returns do not differ significantly (p > 0.05) for AGB intervals >20 Mg . ha(-1). The 50 m link-scale approximates the finest horizontal resolution (length) at which photon counting LiDAR collection provides strong model fits and minimizes forest structure uncertainty in the synthetic Larix stands. At this link-scale AGB >20 Mg . ha(-1) has AGB error from 20-50% at the 95% confidence level. These results suggest that the theoretical sensitivity of ICESat-2 photon counting LiDAR measurements alone lack the ability to consistently discern differences in inferred AGB at 10 Mg . ha-1 intervals in sparse forests characteristic of the taiga-tundra ecotone. (C) 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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Держатели документа:
Univ Maryland, Dept Geog Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
Sigma Space Corp, Lanham, MD 20706 USA.
NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Biospher Sci Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
Swansea Univ, Dept Geog, Swansea SA2 8PP, W Glam, Wales.
No Res Stn, Roslin EH26 9SY, Midlothian, Scotland.
Russian Acad Sci, Sukachev Inst Forest, Siberian Branch, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia.
ИЛ СО РАН

Доп.точки доступа:
Montesano, P. M.; Rosette, J.; Sun, G.; North, P.; Nelson, R.F.; Dubayah, R.O.; Ranson, K.J.; Kharuk, V.; NASA Terrestrial Ecology Program

[Text] / V. I. Kharuk [et al.] // Environ. Res. Lett. - 2015. - Vol. 12, Is. 12. - Ст. 125006, DOI 10.1088/1748-9326/10/12/125006. - Cited References:54. - The Russian Science Foundation (grant #14-24-00112) primarily supported this research. Additional support for K J Ranson by NASA's Terrestrial Ecology program is acknowledged. . - ISSN 1748-9326РУБ Environmental Sciences + Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences

Аннотация: The aim of this work is an analysis of the causes of spruce (Picea abies L.) decline and mortality in Belarus. The analysis was based on forest inventory and Landsat satellite (land cover classification, climate variables (air temperature, precipitation, evaporation, vapor pressure deficit, SPEI drought index)), and GRACE-derived soil moisture estimation (equivalent of water thickness anomalies, EWTA). We found a difference in spatial patterns between dead stands and all stands (i.e., before mortality). Dead stands were located preferentially on relief features with higher water stress risk (i.e., higher elevations, steeper slopes, south and southwestern exposure). Spruce mortality followed a series of repeated droughts between 1990 and 2010. Mortality was negatively correlated with air humidity (r = -0.52), and precipitation (r = -0.57), and positively correlated with the prior year vapor pressure deficit (r = 0.47), and drought increase (r = 0.57). Mortality increased with the increase in occurrence of spring frosts (r = 0.5), and decreased with an increase in winter cloud cover (r = -0.37). Spruce mortality was negatively correlated with snow water accumulation (r = -0.81) and previous year anomalies in water soil content (r = -0.8). Weakened by water stress, spruce stands were attacked by pests and phytopathogens. Overall, spruce mortality in Belarussian forests was caused by drought episodes and drought increase in synergy with pest and phytopathogen attacks. Vast Picea abies mortality in Belarus and adjacent areas of Russia and Eastern Europe is a result of low adaptation of that species to increased drought. This indicates the necessity of spruce replacement by drought-tolerant indigenous (e.g., Pinus sylvestris, Querqus robur) or introduced (e.g., Larix sp. or Pseudotsuga menzieslii) species to obtain sustainable forest growth management.

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Держатели документа:
VN Sukachev Inst Forest SB RAS, Krasnoyarsk, Russia.
Siberian Fed Univ, Krasnoyarsk, Russia.
Siberian State Aerosp Univ, Krasnoyarsk, Russia.
NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.

Доп.точки доступа:
Kharuk, Viacheslav I.; Im, Sergei T.; Dvinskaya, Maria L.; Golukov, Alexei S.; Ranson, Kenneth J.; Russian Science Foundation [14-24-00112]; NASA's Terrestrial Ecology program

/ V. I. Kharuk [et al.] // Environ.Res.Lett. - 2016. - Vol. 11, Is. 4, DOI 10.1088/1748-9326/11/4/045004 . - ISSN 1748-9318
Аннотация: Climate impact on landslide occurrence and spatial patterns were analyzed within the larch-dominant communities associated with continuous permafrost areas of central Siberia. We used high resolution satellite imagery (i.e. QuickBird, WorldView) to identify landslide scars over an area of 62 000 km2. Landslide occurrence was analyzed with respect to climate variables (air temperature, precipitation, drought index SPEI), and Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment satellite derived equivalent of water thickness anomalies (EWTA). Landslides were found only on southward facing slopes, and the occurrence of landslides increased exponentially with increasing slope steepness. Lengths of landslides correlated positively with slope steepness. The observed upper elevation limit of landslides tended to coincide with the tree line. Observations revealed landslides occurrence was also found to be strongly correlated with August precipitation (r = 0.81) and drought index (r = 0.7), with June-July-August soil water anomalies (i.e., EWTA, r = 0.68-0.7), and number of thawing days (i.e., a number of days with t max > 0 °C; r = 0.67). A significant increase in the variance of soil water anomalies was observed, indicating that occurrence of landslides may increase even with a stable mean precipitation level. The key-findings of this study are (1) landslides occurrence increased within the permafrost zone of central Siberia in the beginning of the 21st century; (2) the main cause of increased landslides occurrence are extremes in precipitation and soil water anomalies; and (3) landslides occurrence are strongly dependent on relief features such as southward facing steep slopes. © 2016 IOP Publishing Ltd.

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Держатели документа:
Sukachev Forest Institute, Krasnoyarsk, Russian Federation
Siberian Federal University, Krasnoyarsk, Russian Federation
Siberian State Aerospace University, Krasnoyarsk, Russian Federation
NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, United States

Доп.точки доступа:
Kharuk, V. I.; Shushpanov, A. S.; Im, S. T.; Ranson, K. J.

/ E. I. Ponomarev, V. I. Kharuk, K. J. Ranson // Forests. - 2016. - Vol. 7, Is. 6, DOI 10.3390/f7060125 . - ISSN 1999-4907
Аннотация: Wildfire number and burned area temporal dynamics within all of Siberia and along a south-north transect in central Siberia (45°-73° N) were studied based on NOAA/AVHRR (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration/ Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer) and Terra/MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) data and field measurements for the period 1996-2015. In addition, fire return interval (FRI) along the south-north transect was analyzed. Both the number of forest fires and the size of the burned area increased during recent decades (p < 0.05). Significant correlations were found between forest fires, burned areas and air temperature (r = 0.5) and drought index (The Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index, SPEI) (r = -0.43). Within larch stands along the transect, wildfire frequency was strongly correlated with incoming solar radiation (r = 0.91). Fire danger period length decreased linearly from south to north along the transect. Fire return interval increased from 80 years at 62° N to 200 years at the Arctic Circle (66°33' N), and to about 300 years near the northern limit of closed forest stands (about 71°+ N). That increase was negatively correlated with incoming solar radiation (r = -0.95). © 2016 by the authors.

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Держатели документа:
V.N. Sukachev Institute of Forest, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Krasnoyarsk, Russian Federation
Siberian Federal University, Krasnoyarsk, Russian Federation
NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, United States

Доп.точки доступа:
Ponomarev, E. I.; Kharuk, V. I.; Ranson, K. J.

/ V. I. Kharuk [et al.] // For. Ecol. Manage. - 2017. - Vol. 384. - P191-199, DOI 10.1016/j.foreco.2016.10.050 . - ISSN 0378-1127
Аннотация: Siberian pine (Pinus sibirica) and fir (Abies sibirica) (so called “dark needle conifers”, DNC) showed decreased radial growth increment within the Lake Baikal watershed since the 1980s with increasing mortality recorded since the year 2000. Tree ring width was strongly correlated with vapor pressure deficit, aridity and root zone moisture. Water stress from droughts made trees more susceptible to insect attacks causing mortality in about 10% of DNC stands within the Lake Baikal watershed. Within Siberia DNC mortality increased in the southern part of the DNC range. Biogeographically, tree mortality was located within the DNC – forest-steppes transition. Tree mortality was significantly correlated with drought and soil moisture anomalies. Within the interior of the DNC range mortality occurred within relief features with high water stress risk (i.e., steep convex south facing slopes with shallow well-drained soils). In general, DNC mortality in Siberia was induced by increased aridity and severe drought (inciting factors) in synergy with biotic attacks (contributing factor). In future climate scenarios with predicted increase in aridity DNC could be eliminated from the southern part of its current range and will be replaced by drought-resistant conifers and broadleaf species (e.g., Larix sibirica, Pinus silvestris, and Betula pubescence). © 2016

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Держатели документа:
Sukachev Institute of Forest, Krasnoyarsk, Russian Federation
Siberian Federal University, Krasnoyarsk, Russian Federation
Siberian State Aerospace University, Krasnoyarsk, Russian Federation
NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, United States
Russian Center of Forest Protection, Krasnoyarsk, Russian Federation

Доп.точки доступа:
Kharuk, V. I.; Im, S. T.; Petrov, I. A.; Golyukov, A. S.; Ranson, K. J.; Yagunov, M. N.

/ V. I. Kharuk [et al.] // Reg. Envir. Chang. - 2016. - Vol. 16, Is. 8. - P2389-2397, DOI 10.1007/s10113-016-0964-9. - Cited References:37. - This work was supported by Russian Scientific Foundation, Project #14-24-00112. Field measurements in 2012 were supported in part NASA's Terrestrial Ecology Program. . - ISSN 1436-3798. - ISSN 1436-378XРУБ Environmental Sciences + Environmental Studies

Аннотация: Fire history within the northern larch forests of Central Siberia was studied (65 + A degrees N). Fires within this area are predominantly caused by lightning strikes rather than human activity. Mean fire return intervals (FRIs) were found to be 112 +/- A 49 years (based on firescars) and 106 +/- A 36 years (based on firescars and tree natality dates). FRIs were increased with latitude increase and observed to be about 80 years at 64A degrees N, about 200 years near the Arctic Circle and about 300 years nearby the northern range limit of larch stands (similar to 71A degrees A + N). Northward FRIs increase correlated with incoming solar radiation (r = -0.95). Post-Little Ice Age (LIA) warming (after 1850) caused approximately a doubling of fire events (in comparison with a similar period during LIA). The data obtained support a hypothesis of climate-induced fire frequency increase.

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Держатели документа:
VN Sukachev Inst Forest, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia.
Siberian Fed Univ, Krasnoyarsk 660041, Russia.
Siberian State Aerosp Univ, Krasnoyarsk 660014, Russia.
NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.

Доп.точки доступа:
Kharuk, Viacheslav I.; Dvinskaya, Mariya L.; Petrov, Ilya A.; Im, Sergei T.; Ranson, Kenneth J.; Russian Scientific Foundation [14-24-00112]

/ V. I. Kharuk [et al.] // J. Mt. Sci. - 2017. - Vol. 14, Is. 3. - P442-452, DOI 10.1007/s11629-016-4286-7 . - ISSN 1672-6316
Аннотация: The phenomenon of tree waves (hedges and ribbons) formation within the alpine ecotone in Altai Mountains and its response to observed air temperature increase was considered. At the upper limit of tree growth Siberian pine (Pinus sibirica) forms hedges on windward slopes and ribbons on the leeward ones. Hedges were formed by prevailing winds and oriented along winds direction. Ribbons were formed by snow blowing and accumulating on the leeward slope and perpendicular to the prevailing winds, as well as to the elevation gradient. Hedges were always linked with microtopography features, whereas ribbons were not. Trees are migrating upward by waves and new ribbons and hedges are forming at or near tree line, whereas at lower elevations ribbons and hedges are being transformed into closed forests. Time series of high-resolution satellite scenes (from 1968 to 2010) indicated an upslope shift in the position ribbons averaged 155±26 m (or 3.7 m yr-1) and crown closure increased (about 35%–90%). The hedges advance was limited by poor regeneration establishment and was negligible. Regeneration within the ribbon zone was approximately 2.5 times (5060 vs 2120 ha-1) higher then within the hedges zone. During the last four decades, Siberian pine in both hedges and ribbons strongly increased its growth increment, and recent tree growth rate for 50 year-old trees was about twice higher than those recorded for similarly-aged trees at the beginning of the 20th century. Hedges and ribbons are phenomena that are widespread within the southern and northern Siberian Mountains. © 2017, Science Press, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, CAS and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.

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Держатели документа:
Sukachev Institute of Forest SB RAS, Krasnoyarsk, Russian Federation
Siberian Federal University, Krasnoyarsk, Russian Federation
M.F. Reshetnev Siberian State Aerospace University, Krasnoyarsk, Russian Federation
NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, United States

Доп.точки доступа:
Kharuk, V. I.; Im, S. T.; Dvinskaya, M. L.; Ranson, K. J.; Petrov, I. A.

/ V. I. Kharuk [et al.] // Reg. Envir. Chang. - 2017. - Vol. 17, Is. 3. - P803-812, DOI 10.1007/s10113-016-1073-5. - Cited References:44. - This study was supported by Russian Science Fund (RNF) (Grant No. 14-24-00112). K. J. Ranson's contribution was supported in part by the NASA's Terrestrial Ecology Program. . - ISSN 1436-3798. - ISSN 1436-378XРУБ Environmental Sciences + Environmental Studies

Аннотация: Increased dieback and mortality of ``dark needle conifer'' (DNC) stands (composed of fir (Abies sibirica), Siberian pine (Pinus sibirica) and spruce (Picea obovata)) were documented in Russia during recent decades. Here we analyzed spatial and temporal patterns of fir decline and mortality in the southern Siberian Mountains based on satellite, in situ and dendrochronological data. The studied stands are located within the boundary between DNC taiga to the north and forest-steppe to the south. Fir decline and mortality were observed to originate where topographic features contributed to maximal water-stress risk, i.e., steep (18 degrees - 25 degrees), convex, south-facing slopes with a shallow well-drained root zone. Fir regeneration survived droughts and increased stem radial growth, while upper canopy trees died. Tree ring width (TRW) growth negatively correlated with vapor pressure deficit (VPD), drought index and occurrence of late frosts, and positively with soil water content. Previous year growth conditions (i.e., drought index, VPD, soil water anomalies) have a high impact on current TRW (r = 0.60-0.74). Fir mortality was induced by increased water stress and severe droughts (as a primary factor) in synergy with bark-beetles and fungi attacks (as secondary factors). Dendrochronology data indicated that fir mortality is a periodic process. In a future climate with increased aridity and drought frequency, fir (and Siberian pine) may disappear from portions of its current range (primarily within the boundary with the foreststeppe) and is likely to be replaced by drought-tolerant species such as Pinus sylvestris and Larix sibirica.

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Держатели документа:
Sukachev Inst Forest, Krasnoyarsk, Russia.
Siberian Fed Univ, Krasnoyarsk, Russia.
Siberian State Aerosp Univ, Krasnoyarsk, Russia.
NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.

Доп.точки доступа:
Kharuk, Viacheslav I.; Im, Sergei T.; Petrov, Ilya A.; Dvinskaya, Mariya L.; Fedotova, Elena V.; Ranson, Kenneth J.; Russian Science Fund (RNF) [14-24-00112]; NASA's Terrestrial Ecology Program