Труды сотрудников ИЛ им. В.Н. Сукачева СО РАН

/ F.Z. Glebov // Climatic Change. - 2002. - Vol. 55, № 1-2. - С. 175-181
Аннотация: The developmental history of peatland and dry land vegetation within the Ob-Vasugan watershed of Western Siberia was characterized according to features of the plant communities and climatic changes which were revealed by stratigraphic, spore-pollen and C-14 (carbon) data obtained from a vertical peat profile 'Vodorasdel'. Changes in the paleoecological environment over the last 10000 years were divided into five periods. The climate was characterized in the Holocene according to these periods. At the watershed studied, peatland-forming processes started about 9510 years ago resulting in 550 cm of peat accumulation. The rate of peat accumulation within the watershed decreased over time from 1.9-0.3 mm year(-1).

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Russian Acad Sci, VN Sukachev Inst Forest, Siberian Branch, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia

Доп.точки доступа:
Karpenko, Lyudmila Vasil'yevna; Карпенко, Людмила Васильевна; Dashkovskaya, Irina Samuilovna; Дашковская, Ирина Соломоновна; Глебов, Феликс Зиновьевич

/ M. I. Bird, Y. N. Kalaschnikov // Tellus. Series B: Chemical and physical meteorology. - 2002. - Vol. 54B, № 5. - С. 631-641
Аннотация: We present soil organic carbon (SOC) inventories and carbon isotope compositions from over 900 samples collected in areas of minimally disturbed mature vegetation on freely drained soils (excluding peatlands) on a 1000 km transect along the Yennisey River, central Siberia. Carbon inventories over 0-30 cm depth range widely from 1.71 to 7.05 kg m(-2). While an effect of changing climate or vegetation along the transect cannot be ruled out, the observed differences in SOC inventories are largely the result of variations in mineral soil texture, with inventories in fine-textured soils being approximately double those in coarse-textured soils. The delta(13)C values of SOC in the 0-5 cm interval ranged from -26.3 to -28.0parts per thousand, with delta(13)C values for the 5-30 cm interval being 0.9 +/- 0.8parts per thousand (1sigma) enriched in C-13 relative to the 0-5 cm samples. The average delta(13)C value for the 0-5 cm interval for all samples was -27.1 +/- 0.6parts per thousand (1sigma) and for the full 0-30 cm interval the average was -26.5 +/- 0.5parts per thousand (1sigma). In general, delta(13)C values were higher in coarse-textured soils and lower in fine-textured soils. The results of detailed sampling of soils in Pinus sylvestris forest growing on sand near the Zotino flux tower suggest an SOC inventory in these soils of 2.22 +/- 0.35 kg m(-2) over 30 cm and an average delta(13)C value of -26.3 +/- 0.2parts per thousand over the 0-5 cm depth interval and -25.9 +/- 0.3parts per thousand over 0-30 cm. Recent burning had no effect on SOC inventories, but clearing has led to an average 25% decrease on SOC inventories from 0-30 cm over 12 yr. Neither burning nor clearing had a discernible effect on the delta(13)C value of SOC.

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Держатели документа:
VN Sukachev Inst Forests, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia

Доп.точки доступа:
Bird, M.I.; Бёрд М.И.; Kalaschnikov, Y.N.; Калашников, Евгений Никифорович

[Text] / A. . Rodionov [et al.] // Eur. J. Soil Sci. - 2007. - Vol. 58, Is. 6. - P1260-1272, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2389.2007.00919.x. - Cited References: 44 . - 13. - ISSN 1351-0754РУБ Soil Science

Аннотация: Soils of the high latitudes are expected to respond sensitively to climate change, but still little is known about carbon and nitrogen variability in them. We investigated the 0.44-km(2) Little Grawijka Creek catchment of the forest tundra ecotone (northern Krasnoyarsk Krai, Russian Federation) in order (i) to relate the active-layer thickness to controlling environmental factors, (ii) to quantify soil organic carbon (SOC) and total nitrogen (NT) stocks, and (iii) to assess their variability with respect to different landscape units. The catchment was mapped on a 50 x 50 m grid for topography, dominant tree and ground vegetation, organic-layer and moss-layer thickness, and active-layer thickness. At each grid point, bulk density, and SOC and NT concentrations were determined for depth increments. At three selected plots, 2-m deep soil cores were taken and analysed for SOC, NT and C-14. A shallow active layer was found in intact raised bogs at plateaux situations and in mineral soils of north-northeast (NNE) aspect. Good drainage and greater solar insolation on the south-southwest (SSW) slopes are reflected in deeper active layers or lack of permafrost. Organic carbon stocks to a soil depth of 90 cm varied between 5 and 95 kg m(-2). The greatest stocks were found in the intact raised bogs and on the NNE slopes. Canonical correspondence analysis indicates the dominant role of active-layer thickness for SOC and NT storage. The 2-m soil cores suggest that permafrost soils store about the same amount of SOC from 90 to 200 cm as in the upper 90 cm. Most of this deep SOC pool was formed in the mid-Holocene (organic soils) and the late Pleistocene (mineral soils). Our results showed that even within a small catchment of the forest tundra, active-layer thickness and, hence, SOC and NT storage vary greatly within the landscape mosaic. This has to be taken into account when using upscaling methods such as remote sensing for assessing SOC and NT storage and cycling at a regional to continental level.

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Держатели документа:
Univ Halle Wittenberg, Inst Agr & Ernahrungswissensch, D-06108 Halle, Germany
Univ Gottingen, Inst Bodenkunde & Waldernahrung, D-37077 Gottingen, Germany
Max Planck Inst Biogeochem, D-07745 Jena, Germany
SB RAS, Field Stn Igarka Permafrost Inst Yakutsk, Igarka 663200, Russia
SB RAS, VN Sukachev Inst Forest, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia

Доп.точки доступа:
Rodionov, A...; Flessa, H...; Grabe, M...; Kazansky, O.A.; Shibistova, O...; Guggenberger, G...

[Text] / E. S. Kasischke [et al.] // Glob. Biogeochem. Cycle. - 2005. - Vol. 19, Is. 1. - Ст. GB1012, DOI 10.1029/2004GB002300. - Cited References: 80 . - 16. - ISSN 0886-6236РУБ Environmental Sciences + Geosciences, Multidisciplinary + Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences

Аннотация: 1] There were large interannual variations in burned area in the boreal region ( ranging between 3.0 and 23.6 x 10 6 ha yr(-1)) for the period of 1992 and 1995-2003 which resulted in corresponding variations in total carbon and carbon monoxide emissions. We estimated a range of carbon emissions based on different assumptions on the depth of burning because of uncertainties associated with the burning of surface-layer organic matter commonly found in boreal forest and peatlands, and average total carbon emissions were 106-209 Tg yr(-1) and CO emissions were 330-77 Tg CO yr(-1). Burning of ground-layer organic matter contributed between 46 and 72% of all emissions in a given year. CO residuals calculated from surface mixing ratios in the high Northern Hemisphere ( HNH) region were correlated to seasonal boreal fire emissions in 8 out of 10 years. On an interannual basis, variations in area burned explained 49% of the variations in HNH CO, while variations in boreal fire emissions explained 85%, supporting the hypotheses that variations in fuels and fire severity are important in estimating emissions. Average annual HNH CO increased by an average of 7.1 ppb yr(-1) between 2000 and 2003 during a period when boreal fire emissions were 26 to 68 Tg CO(-1) higher than during the early to mid-1990s, indicating that recent increases in boreal fires are influencing atmospheric CO in the Northern Hemisphere.

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Держатели документа:
Univ Maryland, Dept Geog, College Pk, MD 20742 USA
Altarum, Ann Arbor, MI 48113 USA
NOAA, Climate Modeling & Diagnost Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA
Canadian Forest Serv, Sault Ste Marie, ON P6A 2E5, Canada
Russian Acad Sci, Sukachev Forest Inst, Krasnoyarsk, Russia

Доп.точки доступа:
Kasischke, E.S.; Hyer, E.J.; Novelli, P.C.; Bruhwiler, L.P.; French, NHF; Sukhinin, A.I.; Hewson, J.H.; Stocks, B.J.

[Text] / A. J. Soja [et al.] // J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. - 2004. - Vol. 109, Is. D14. - Ст. D14S06, DOI 10.1029/2004JD004570. - Cited References: 126 . - 25. - ISSN 2169-897XРУБ Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences

Аннотация: [ 1] In the biomass, soils, and peatlands of Siberia, boreal Russia holds one of the largest pools of terrestrial carbon. Because Siberia is located where some of the largest temperature increases are expected to occur under current climate change scenarios, stored carbon has the potential to be released with associated changes in fire regimes. Our concentration is on estimating a wide range of current and potential emissions from Siberia on the basis of three modeled scenarios. An area burned product of Siberia is introduced, which spans from 1998 through 2002. Emissions models are spatially explicit; therefore area burned is extracted from associated ecoregions for each year. Carbon consumption estimates are presented for 23 unique ecoregions across Siberia, which range from 3.4 to 75.4 t C ha(-1) for three classes of severity. Total direct carbon emissions range from the traditional scenario estimate of 116 Tg C in 1999 (6.9 M ha burned) to the extreme scenario estimate of 520 Tg C in 2002 (11.2 M ha burned), which are equivalent to 5 and 20%, respectively, of total global carbon emissions from forest and grassland burning. Our results suggest that disparities in the amount of carbon stored in unique ecosystems and the severity of fire events can affect total direct carbon emissions by as much as 50%. Additionally, in extreme fire years, total direct carbon emissions can be 37 - 41% greater than in normal fire years, owing to increased soil organic matter consumption. Mean standard scenario estimates of CO2 ( 555 - 1031 Tg), CO ( 43 - 80 Tg), CH4 (2.4 - 4.5 Tg), TNMHC (2.2 - 4.1 Tg), and carbonaceous aerosols (4.6 - 8.6 Tg) represent 10, 15, 19, 12 and 26%, respectively, of the global estimates from forest and grassland burning. Accounting for smoldering combustion in soils and peatlands results in increases in CO, CH4, and TNMHC and decreases in CO2 emitted from fire events.

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Держатели документа:
Terra Syst Res Inc, Williamsburg, VA 23185 USA
US Forest Serv, USDA, Arlington, VA 22209 USA
Nat Resources Canada, Great Lakes Forestry Ctr, Sault Ste Marie, ON P6A 2E5, Canada
Univ Virginia, Dept Environm Sci, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA
Russian Acad Sci, Sukachev Forest Inst, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia
NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA

Доп.точки доступа:
Soja, A.J.; Cofer, W.R.; Shugart, H.H.; Sukhinin, A.I.; Stackhouse, P.W.; McRae, D.J.; Conard, S.G.

[Text] / A. . Arneth [et al.] // Tellus Ser. B-Chem. Phys. Meteorol. - 2002. - Vol. 54, Is. 5. - P514-530, DOI 10.1034/j.1600-0889.2002.01349.x. - Cited References: 53 . - 17. - ISSN 0280-6509РУБ Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences

Аннотация: Net ecosystem-atmosphere exchange of CO2 (NEE) was measured in two boreal bogs during the snow-free periods of 1998, 1999 and 2000. The two sites were located in European Russia (Fyodorovskoye), and in central Siberia (Zotino). Climate at both sites was generally continental but with more extreme summer-winter gradients in temperature at the more eastern site Zotino. The snow-free period in Fyodorovskoye exceeded the snow-free period at Zotino by several weeks. Marked seasonal and interannual differences in NEE were observed at both locations, with contrasting rates and patterns. Amongst the most important contrasts were: (1) Ecosystem respiration at a reference soil temperature was higher at Fyodorovskoye than at Zotino. (2) The diurnal amplitude of summer NEE was larger at Fyodorovskoye than at Zotino. (3) There was a modest tendency for maximum 24 h NEE during average rainfall years to be more negative at Zotino (-0.17 versus -0.15 mol m(-2) d(-1)), suggesting a higher productivity during the summer months. (4) Cumulative net uptake of CO2 during the snow-free period was strongly related to climatic differences between years. In Zotino the interannual variability in climate, and also in the CO2 balance during the snow-free period, was small. However, at Fyodorovskoye the bog was a significant carbon sink in one season and a substantial source for CO2-C in the next, which was below-average dry. Total snow-free uptake and annual estimates of net CO2-C uptake are discussed, including associated uncertainties.

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Держатели документа:
Max Planck Inst Biogeochem, D-07701 Jena, Germany
Max Planck Inst Meteorol, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany
Severtsov Inst Ecol & Evolut, Moscow, Russia
VN Sukachev Forest Inst, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia

Доп.точки доступа:
Arneth, A...; Kurbatova, J...; Kolle, O...; Shibistova, O.B.; Lloyd, J...; Vygodskaya, N.N.; Schulze, E.D.

[Text] / T. T. Efremova, S. P. Efremov, N. V. Melent'eva // Eurasian Soil Sci. - 2000. - Vol. 33, Is. 9. - P934-946. - Cited References: 64 . - 13. - ISSN 1064-2293РУБ Soil Science

Аннотация: The nitrogen pool in Russian peatlands reaches 4.69 x 10(9) t. Half of this amount is stored in humic substances (mainly, in humic acids) of peat. The nitrogen of relatively stable compounds (mainly, the humin nitrogen) constitutes about 1.8 x 10(9) t. Easily hydrolyzable and mineral nitrogen compounds constitute 9.7 and 1.8% of the total nitrogen pool, respectively. Most of the nitrogen in eutrophic bogs is bound with humic substances, while that of oligotrophic peat is represented by poorly hydrolyzable and nonhydrolyzable forms. The pool of water-soluble nitrogen constitutes 20.3 x 10(6) t, or 0.43% of the total nitrogen reserve. In the case of global warming, eutrophic and mesotrophic bogs can become an important source of ammonia emission to the atmosphere.

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Держатели документа:
Russian Acad Sci, Sukachev Inst Forestry, Siberian Div, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia

Доп.точки доступа:
Efremova, T.T.; Efremov, S.P.; Melent'eva, N.V.

[Text] / I. D. Grodnitskaya, M. Y. Trusova // Eurasian Soil Sci. - 2009. - Vol. 42, Is. 9. - P1021-1028, DOI 10.1134/S1064229309090099. - Cited References: 27. - This work was supported by Interdisciplinary Integration Project no. 24 of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences and by the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation (project no. 2.1.1/6611). . - 8. - ISSN 1064-2293РУБ Soil Science

Аннотация: Two types of bogs were studied in Tomsk oblast-Maloe Zhukovskoe (an eutrophic peat low-moor bog) and Ozernoe (an oligotrophic peat high-moor bog). The gram-negative forms of Proteobacteria were found to be dominant and amounted to more than 40% of the total population of the microorganisms investigated. In the peat bogs, the population and diversity of the hydrolytic microbial complex, especially of the number of micromycetes, were lower than those in the mineral soils. The changes in the quantitative indices of the total microbiological activity of the bogs were established. The microbial biomass and the intensity of its respiration differed and were also related to the depth of the sampling. In the Zhukovskoe peat low-moor bog, the maximal biomass of heterotrophic microorganisms (154 mu g of C/g of peat) was found in the aerobic zone at a depth of 0 to 10 cm. In the Ozernoe bog, the maximal biomass was determined in the zone of anaerobiosis at a depth of 300 cm (1947 mu g of C/g of peat). The molecular-genetic method was used for the determination of the spectrum of the methanogens. Seven unidentified dominant forms were revealed. The species diversity of the methanogens was higher in the oligotrophic high-moor bog than in the eutrophic low-moor bog.

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Держатели документа:
[Grodnitskaya, I. D.] Russian Acad Sci, Siberian Branch, Inst Forestry, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia
[Trusova, M. Yu.] Russian Acad Sci, Siberian Branch, Inst Biophys, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia
[Trusova, M. Yu.] Siberian Fed Univ, Krasnoyarsk 660041, Russia

Доп.точки доступа:
Grodnitskaya, I.D.; Trusova, M.Y.; Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences [24]; Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences; Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation [2.1.1/6611]

/ T. T. Efremova [и др.] // Vestn. Tomsk. Gos. Univ. Biol. - 2018. - Is. 41. - С. 135-155, DOI 10.17223/19988591/41/8 . - ISSN 1998-8591
Аннотация: In the complex structure of the vertical altitudinal zonality of the Altai-Sayan mountain country, peat soils were almost not represented. The aim of this research was to develop a topographic series of peat soils of the Kuznetsk Alatau. The studied peatlands were confined to the basins of the Belyi Iyus and the Chernyi Iyus rivers and located at different hypsometric levels of the relief on the Eastern slope of the Kuznetsk Alatau, at 1543, 1087, 832, 622, 579 and 547m above sea level (See Fig. 1). As a criterion of vertical structural organization of soil, we used acid-base properties: water pH (water extract), salt pH (extract of 1M KCl) and general potential - nonexchangeable acidity (extract of 1M CH3COONa). The determined value of acidity was multiplied by an empirical coefficient 1.75. The sum of exchangeable cations (by Kappen-Hilkovits) was found in the extract of 0.1M HCl, in which the Ca2++Mg2+ was determined by complexometric titration. According to the difference between the sum of exchangeable cations and Ca2++Mg2+, we identified the content of other (unidentified) cations. The degree of soil saturation with bases, expressed in %, was calculated as the proportion of exchangeable bases in 0.1M HCl solution to the sum (exchangeable bases + nonexchangeable acidity). The V-diagrams, constructed on the basis of water pH, salt pH and saturation of soil absorbing complex (SAC) with exchangeable calcium and magnesium, describe the acidic trace of soil formation and simulate the acidification of top soil horizons in the course of peat genesis (See Fig. 2). High-precision regression model was proposed for the prediction of exchangeble acidity value (pHKCl) by the value of active acidity (pHH2O).Using the methods of multivariate statistical analysis (discriminant, multidimensional scaling), we grouped peat soils into three clusters with acid-base characteristics. The parameter of SAC saturation by alkaline-earth cations and pH salt value makes the dominant contribution to the organization of peat soil clusters with a final prediction 89% (See Table 3, Fig. 4). In the structure of vertical soil zones of the Altai-Sayan mountain country, particularly of the Eastern slopes of the Kuznetsk Alatau, the geochemical associations (clusters) of peat soils were identified: a) acidic and unsaturated by calcium and magnesium (<30-50%) on the whole profile within the boundaries of alpine tundra and subalpine complexes at the altitude of 1500-1100 m; b) slightly acidic and slightly saturated with bases (50-70%) within the mountaintaiga zone of dark coniferous forests 1100-800 m a.s.; c) neutral and moderately saturated with alkaline-earth base (70-90%) associations of peat soils within the zone of subtaiga-forest-steppe 800-500 m a.s. (See Table 4). Chorological organization of peat soils is in accordance with the hydrochemical zoning of underground waters and high-zone structure of the vegetation cover at automorphic sites. However, in the forest zone of wetlands of the Kuznetsk Alatau eastern slope, regardless of acid-base properties of peat soils, spruce forests mainly form, reflecting the main characteristics of soil hydromorphism. In this regard, the status of indigenous groups of swamp spruce forests can be considered as sufficient objective criteria of a regional climate change towards dryness. © 2018 Tomsk State University. All rights reserved.

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Laboratory of Phytocoenology and Forest Resource Studies, VN Sukachev Institute of Forest, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Federal Research Center, Krasnoyarsk Science Center SB RAS, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 50 Akademgorodok, bld. 28, Krasnoyarsk, 660036, Russian Federation

Доп.точки доступа:
Efremova, T. T.; Efremov, S. P.; Melent'Eva, N. V.; Avrova, A. F.

/ A. S. Prokushkin [et al.] // IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science : Institute of Physics Publishing, 2019. - Vol. 232: 5th International Summer School for Students and Young Scientists on Natural and Human Environment of Arctic and Alpine Areas: Relief, Soils, Permafrost, Glaciers, Biota Life Style of Native Ethnic Groups in a Rapidly Changing Climate (7 July 2018 through 21 July 2018, ) Conference code: 145575, Is. 1, DOI 10.1088/1755-1315/232/1/012010 . -
Аннотация: The study is focused on carbon and nutrient behaviour in tributaries of the Yenisei River draining the Western Siberian Plain. The previous studies showed that dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations in riverine systems are influenced by wetland cover within a watershed and modulating effect of permafrost. Our data point out more complex interactions within the south-north transect of the Yenisei River basin including a partitioning of sources at different seasons and in-river metabolic processing of DOC involving utilization of nutrients and production of DIC. On the other hand, DOC concentration in rivers is driven by available stock of labile carbon and, thus, is a function of total organic matter stored in soils. Terrigenic C and nutrient fluxes to rivers are enhanced in colder environments of northern Western Siberia, contradicting the earlier observations and respective future projections of permafrost degradation effects on riverine C release. © 2019 Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd.

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VN Sukachev Institute of Forest SB RAS, Akademgorodok 50/28, Krasnoyarsk, 660036, Russian Federation
Siberian Federal University, Svobodny 79, Krasnoyarsk, 660041, Russian Federation
N. Laverov Federal Center for Integrated Arctic Research, Russian Academy of Science, Arkhangelsk, Russian Federation
Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russian Federation
Geoscience and Environment Toulouse, UMR 5563 CNRS, University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France

Доп.точки доступа:
Prokushkin, A. S.; Korets, M. A.; Panov, A. V.; Prokushkina, M. P.; Tokareva, I. V.; Vorobyev, S. N.; Pokrovsky, O. S.

/ M. Helbig, J. M. Waddington, P. Alekseychik [et al.] // Nat. Clim. Chang. - 2020, DOI 10.1038/s41558-020-0763-7. - Cited References:71. - The research published in this paper is part of the project titled Boreal Water Futures, which is funded by the Global Water Futures programme of the Canada First Research Excellence Fund; additional information is available at www.globalwaterfutures.ca.We thank all the eddy covariance flux tower teams for sharing their data and we are grateful to the ESM groups for providing their model output through CMIP5. We thank the World Climate Research Programme's Working Group on Coupled Modelling for leading the CMIP. We acknowledge the research group that made the peatland map freely available and we thank E. Chan (ECCC) for processing the shapefile PEATMAP to a raster map. We are grateful to E. Sahlee and A. Rutgersson for providing lake eddy covariance data to an earlier version of the manuscript, T. Zivkovic and S. Davidson for insightful feedback, and M. Khomik, A. Green, E. Kessel, G. Drewitt, P. Kolari and M. Provenzale for helping with data preparation. I.M. acknowledges funding from ICOS-FINLAND (grant no. 281255), the Finnish Center of Excellence (grant no. 307331) and the EU Horizon 2020 RINGO project (grant no. 730944). A.P. acknowledges funding through the research project no. 18-05-60203-Arktika (RFBR and Government of Krasnoyarsk Territory, Krasnoyarsk Regional Fund of Science) and support for flux tower sites RU-ZOP and RU-ZOB through the Max Planck Society. A.D. and J.T. acknowledge funding from US National Science foundation (grant no. DEB-1440297) and a DOE Ameriflux Network Management Project award to the ChEAS core site cluster. T.A.B., A.G.B. and R.J. acknowledge support received through grants from the Fluxnet Canada ResearchNetwork (2002-2007; NSERC, CFCAS and BIOCAP) and the Canadian Carbon Program (2008-2012; CFCAS) and by an NSERC (Climate Change and Atmospheric Research) grant to the Changing Cold Regions Network (CCRN; 2012-2016) and an NSERC Discovery Grant. H. I. and M. U. acknowledge support by the Arctic Challenge for Sustainability (ArCS) project. J.K. and A.V. acknowledge funding from RFBR project no. 19-04-01234-a. B.A. acknowledges funding through NASA, NSERC, BIOCAP Canada, the Canadian Foundation for Climate and Atmospheric Sciences and the Canadian Foundation for Innovation for flux measurements at CA-MAN and through the Canadian Forest Service, the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC), the FLUXNET-Canada Network (NSERC, the Canadian Foundation for Climate and Atmospheric Sciences (CFCAS) and BIOCAP Canada), the Canadian Carbon Program (CFCAS), Parks Canada, the Program of Energy Research and Development (PERD), and Action Plan 2000 for flux measurements at CA-SF1, CA-SF2 and CA-SF3. M.B.N, M.O.L, M.P. and J.C. gratefully acknowledge funding from the Swedish research infrastructures SITES and ICOS Sweden and research grants from Kempe Foundations, (grant no. SMK-1743); VR (grant no. 2018-03966) and Formas, (grant no. 2016-01289) and M.P. gratefully acknowledges funding from Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation (grant no. 2015.0047). M.W. and I.F. acknowledge funding by the German Research Foundation (grant no. Wi 2680/2-1) and the European Union (grant no. 36993). B.R. and L.K. acknowledge support by the Cluster of Excellence `CliSAP' (EXC177) of the University of Hamburg, funded by the German Research Foundation. O.S. acknowledges funding by the Canada Research Chairs, Canada Foundation for Innovation Leaders Opportunity Fund, and Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council Discovery Grant Programs. H.I.; acknowledges JAMSTEC and IARC/UAF collaboration study (JICS) and Arctic Challenge for Sustainability Project (ArCS). . - Article in press. - ISSN 1758-678X. - ISSN 1758-6798РУБ Environmental Sciences + Environmental Studies + Meteorology & Atmospheric

Аннотация: Climate warming increases evapotranspiration (ET) more in boreal peatlands than in forests. Observations show that peatland ET can exceed forest ET by up to 30%, indicating a stronger warming response in peatlands. Earth system models do not fully account for peatlands and hence may underestimate future boreal ET. The response of evapotranspiration (ET) to warming is of critical importance to the water and carbon cycle of the boreal biome, a mosaic of land cover types dominated by forests and peatlands. The effect of warming-induced vapour pressure deficit (VPD) increases on boreal ET remains poorly understood because peatlands are not specifically represented as plant functional types in Earth system models. Here we show that peatland ET increases more than forest ET with increasing VPD using observations from 95 eddy covariance tower sites. At high VPD of more than 2 kPa, peatland ET exceeds forest ET by up to 30%. Future (2091-2100) mid-growing season peatland ET is estimated to exceed forest ET by over 20% in about one-third of the boreal biome for RCP4.5 and about two-thirds for RCP8.5. Peatland-specific ET responses to VPD should therefore be included in Earth system models to avoid biases in water and carbon cycle projections.

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McMaster Univ, Sch Geog & Earth Sci, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
Univ Helsinki, Dept Phys, Helsinki, Finland.
Nat Resources Inst Finland LUKE, Helsinki, Finland.
Univ Manitoba, Dept Soil Sci, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.
Finnish Meteorol Inst, Helsinki, Finland.
Environm & Climate Change Canada, Climate Res Div, Saskatoon, SK, Canada.
Univ Saskatchewan, Global Inst Water Secur, Saskatoon, SK, Canada.
Univ British Columbia, Fac Land & Food Syst, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
Univ Colorado, Dept Geog, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
Michigan State Univ, Dept Geog Environm & Spatial Sci, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA.
Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Dept Forest Ecol & Management, Umea, Sweden.
Univ Wisconsin, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Madison, WI USA.
Worcester State Univ, Dept Earth Environm & Phys, Worcester, MA USA.
Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK USA.
Univ Lethbridge, Dept Biol Sci, Lethbridge, AB, Canada.
Marine Biol Lab, Ecosyst Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA.
Univ Copenhagen, Dept Geosci & Nat Resource Management, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Dept Ecol, Uppsala, Sweden.
McGill Univ, Dept Geog, Montreal, PQ, Canada.
Lund Univ, Ctr Environm & Climate Res, Lund, Sweden.
Carleton Univ, Dept Geog & Environm Studies, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
Natl Agr & Food Res Org, Inst Agroenvironm Sci, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
Univ Laval, Dept Genie Civil & Genie Eaux, Quebec City, PQ, Canada.
Shinshu Univ, Dept Environm Sci, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan.
Russian Acad Sci, AN Severtsov Inst Ecol & Evolut, Moscow, Russia.
Univ Hamburg, Inst Soil Sci, Hamburg, Germany.
Lund Univ, Dept Phys Geog & Ecosyst Sci, Lund, Sweden.
Wilfrid Laurier Univ, Cold Reg Res Ctr, Waterloo, ON, Canada.
Russian Acad Sci, Inst Biol Problems Cryolithozone, Siberian Branch, Yakutsk, Russia.
Environm & Climate Change Canada, Climate Res Div, Victoria, BC, Canada.
Nagoya Univ, Grad Sch Bioagr Sci, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan.
Univ Waterloo, Dept Geog & Environm Management, Waterloo, ON, Canada.
Russian Acad Sci, Siberian Branch, VN Sukachev Inst Forest, Krasnoyarsk, Russia.
Univ Arkansas, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA.
Univ Montreal, Dept Geog, Montreal, PQ, Canada.
Univ Montreal, Ctr Etud Nord, Montreal, PQ, Canada.
McGill Univ, Dept Nat Resource Sci, Sainte Anne De Bellevue, PQ, Canada.
Univ Quebec Montreal Geotop, Montreal, PQ, Canada.
Univ Eastern Finland, Sch Forest Sci, Joensuu, Finland.
Osaka Prefecture Univ, Grad Sch Life & Environm Sci, Sakai, Osaka, Japan.
Ernst Moritz Arndt Univ Greifswald, Inst Bot & Landscape Ecol, Greifswald, Germany.
Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, 20 Oxford St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA.
Dalhousie Univ, Dept Phys & Atmospher Sci, Halifax, NS, Canada.

Доп.точки доступа:
Helbig, Manuel; Waddington, James Michael; Alekseychik, Pavel; Amiro, Brian D.; Aurela, Mika; Barr, Alan G.; Black, T. Andrew; Blanken, Peter D.; Carey, Sean K.; Chen, Jiquan; Chi, Jinshu; Desai, Ankur R.; Dunn, Allison; Euskirchen, Eugenie S.; Flanagan, Lawrence B.; Forbrich, Inke; Friborg, Thomas; Grelle, Achim; Harder, Silvie; Heliasz, Michal; Humphreys, Elyn R.; Ikawa, Hiroki; Isabelle, Pierre-Erik; Iwata, Hiroki; Jassal, Rachhpal; Korkiakoski, Mika; Kurbatova, Juliya; Kutzbach, Lars; Lindroth, Anders; Lofvenius, Mikaell Ottosson; Lohila, Annalea; Mammarella, Ivan; Marsh, Philip; Maximov, Trofim; Melton, Joe R.; Moore, Paul A.; Nadeau, Daniel F.; Nicholls, Erin M.; Nilsson, Mats B.; Ohta, Takeshi; Peichl, Matthias; Petrone, Richard M.; Petrov, Roman; Prokushkin, Anatoly; Quinton, William L.; Reed, David E.; Roulet, Nigel T.; Runkle, Benjamin R. K.; Sonnentag, Oliver; Strachan, Ian B.; Taillardat, Pierre; Tuittila, Eeva-Stiina; Tuovinen, Juha-Pekka; Turner, Jessica; Ueyama, Masahito; Varlagin, Andrej; Wilmking, Martin; Wofsy, Steven C.; Zyrianov, Vyacheslav; Runkle, Benjamin Reade Kreps; Global Water Futures programme of the Canada First Research Excellence Fund; ICOS-FINLAND [281255]; Finnish Center of Excellence [307331]; EU Horizon 2020 RINGO project [730944]; RFBRRussian Foundation for Basic Research (RFBR) [18-05-60203-Arktika, 19-04-01234-a]; Government of Krasnoyarsk Territory, Krasnoyarsk Regional Fund of Science [18-05-60203-Arktika]; US National Science foundationNational Science Foundation (NSF) [DEB-1440297]; DOE Ameriflux Network Management ProjectUnited States Department of Energy (DOE); Fluxnet Canada ResearchNetwork (2002-2007; NSERC); Fluxnet Canada ResearchNetwork (2002-2007; CFCAS); Fluxnet Canada ResearchNetwork (2002-2007; BIOCAP); Canadian Carbon Program (2008-2012; CFCAS); NSERC (Climate Change and Atmospheric Research); Arctic Challenge for Sustainability (ArCS) project; NASA Canada; NSERC CanadaNatural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; BIOCAP Canada; Canadian Foundation for Climate and Atmospheric Sciences; Canadian Foundation for InnovationCanada Foundation for Innovation; Canadian Forest ServiceNatural Resources CanadaCanadian Forest Service; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; FLUXNET-Canada Network (NSERC); FLUXNET-Canada Network (Canadian Foundation for Climate and Atmospheric Sciences (CFCAS)); FLUXNET-Canada Network (BIOCAP Canada); Canadian Carbon Program (CFCAS); Parks Canada; Program of Energy Research and Development (PERD)Natural Resources Canada; Action Plan 2000; Swedish research infrastructure SITES Sweden; Swedish research infrastructure ICOS Sweden; Kempe Foundations [SMK-1743]; VRSwedish Research Council [2018-03966]; FormasSwedish Research Council Formas [2016-01289]; Knut and Alice Wallenberg FoundationKnut & Alice Wallenberg Foundation [2015.0047]; German Research FoundationGerman Research Foundation (DFG) [Wi 2680/2-1]; European UnionEuropean Union (EU) [36993]; Cluster of Excellence `CliSAP' of the University of Hamburg - German Research Foundation [EXC177]; Canada Research ChairsCanada Research Chairs; Canada Foundation for Innovation Leaders Opportunity FundCanada Foundation for Innovation; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council Discovery Grant Programs

/ M. Helbig, J. M. Waddington, P. Alekseychik [et al.] // Nat. Clim. Change. - 2020. - Vol. 10, Is. 6. - P555-560, DOI 10.1038/s41558-020-0763-7 . - ISSN 1758-678X
Аннотация: The response of evapotranspiration (ET) to warming is of critical importance to the water and carbon cycle of the boreal biome, a mosaic of land cover types dominated by forests and peatlands. The effect of warming-induced vapour pressure deficit (VPD) increases on boreal ET remains poorly understood because peatlands are not specifically represented as plant functional types in Earth system models. Here we show that peatland ET increases more than forest ET with increasing VPD using observations from 95 eddy covariance tower sites. At high VPD of more than 2 kPa, peatland ET exceeds forest ET by up to 30%. Future (2091–2100) mid-growing season peatland ET is estimated to exceed forest ET by over 20% in about one-third of the boreal biome for RCP4.5 and about two-thirds for RCP8.5. Peatland-specific ET responses to VPD should therefore be included in Earth system models to avoid biases in water and carbon cycle projections. © 2020, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited.

Scopus

Держатели документа:
School of Geography and Earth Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
Natural Resources Institute Finland (LUKE), Helsinki, Finland
Department of Soil Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, Finland
Climate Research Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
Global Institute for Water Security, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
Faculty of Land and Food Systems, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
Department of Geography, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, United States
Department of Geography, Environment, and Spatial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umea, Sweden
Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, United States
Department of Earth, Environment, and Physics, Worcester State University, Worcester, MA, United States
Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, United States
Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
The Ecosystems Center, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA, United States
Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
Department of Geography, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
Centre for Environmental and Climate Research, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
Department of Geography and Environmental Studies, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Japan
Departement de Genie Civil et de Genie des Eaux, Universite Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
Department of Environmental Science, Shinshu University, Matsumoto, Japan
A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation
Institute of Soil Science, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
Cold Regions Research Centre, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, ON, Canada
Institute for Biological Problems of Cryolithozone, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Yakutsk, Russian Federation
Climate Research Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Victoria, BC, Canada
Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
Department of Geography and Environmental Management, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
V.N. Sukachev Institute of Forest, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Krasnoyarsk, Russian Federation
Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
Departement de Geographie and Centre d’Etudes Nordiques, Universite de Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
Department of Natural Resource Sciences, McGill University, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC, Canada
Universite du Quebec a Montreal—Geotop, Montreal, QC, Canada
School of Forest Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Finland
Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Japan
Institute of Botany and Landscape Ecology, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States
Department of Physics and Atmospheric Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada

Доп.точки доступа:
Helbig, M.; Waddington, J. M.; Alekseychik, P.; Amiro, B. D.; Aurela, M.; Barr, A. G.; Black, T. A.; Blanken, P. D.; Carey, S. K.; Chen, J.; Chi, J.; Desai, A. R.; Dunn, A.; Euskirchen, E. S.; Flanagan, L. B.; Forbrich, I.; Friborg, T.; Grelle, A.; Harder, S.; Heliasz, M.; Humphreys, E. R.; Ikawa, H.; Isabelle, P. -E.; Iwata, H.; Jassal, R.; Korkiakoski, M.; Kurbatova, J.; Kutzbach, L.; Lindroth, A.; Lofvenius, M. O.; Lohila, A.; Mammarella, I.; Marsh, P.; Maximov, T.; Melton, J. R.; Moore, P. A.; Nadeau, D. F.; Nicholls, E. M.; Nilsson, M. B.; Ohta, T.; Peichl, M.; Petrone, R. M.; Petrov, R.; Prokushkin, A.; Quinton, W. L.; Reed, D. E.; Roulet, N. T.; Runkle, B. R.K.; Sonnentag, O.; Strachan, I. B.; Taillardat, P.; Tuittila, E. -S.; Tuovinen, J. -P.; Turner, J.; Ueyama, M.; Varlagin, A.; Wilmking, M.; Wofsy, S. C.; Zyrianov, V.

/ M. Helbig, J. M. Waddington, P. Alekseychik [et al.] // Environ. Res. Lett. - 2020. - Vol. 15, Is. 10. - Ст. 104004, DOI 10.1088/1748-9326/abab34. - Cited References:109. - This work is part of the Boreal Water Futures project and supported through the Global Water Futures research program. We thank all the EC flux tower teams for sharing their data. We are grateful to Myroslava Khomik, Adam Green, Inke Forbrich, Eric Kessel, Gordon Drewitt, and Pasi Kolari for helping with data preparation and to Inke Forbrich on feedback on an earlier version of the manuscript.; I M acknowledges funding from ICOS-FINLAND (Grant 281255), Finnish Center of Excellence (Grant 307331), and EU Horizon-2020 RINGO project (Grant 730944). A P acknowledges funding through the research project #18-45-243003 (RFBR and Government of Krasnoyarsk Territory, Krasnoyarsk Regional Fund of Science) and support for flux tower sites RU-ZOP and RU-ZOB through the Max Planck Society. A D and J T acknowledges funding from US National Science foundation #DEB-1440297 and DOE Ameriflux Network Management Project award to ChEAS core site cluster. T A B, A G B, and R J acknowledge support received through grants from the Fluxnet Canada ResearchNetwork (2002-2007; NSERC, CFCAS, and BIOCAP) and the Canadian Carbon Program (2008-2012; CFCAS) and by an NSERC (Climate Change and Atmospheric Research) Grant to the Changing Cold Regions Network (CCRN; 2012-2016) and an NSERC Discovery Grant. H I and M U acknowledge support by the Arctic Challenge for Sustainability II (ArCS II) project (JPMXD1420318865). J K and A V acknowledge funding by RFBR project number 19-04-01234-a. B A acknowledges funding through NASA, NSERC, BIOCAP Canada, the Canadian Foundation for Climate and Atmospheric Sciences, and the Canadian Foundation for Innovation for flux measurements at CA-MAN and through the Canadian Forest Service, the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC), the FLUXNET-Canada Network (NSERC, the Canadian Foundation for Climate and Atmospheric Sciences (CFCAS), and BIOCAP Canada), the Canadian Carbon Program (CFCAS), Parks Canada, and the Program of Energy Research and Development (PERD). O S acknowledges funding by the Canada Research Chairs, Canada Foundation for Innovation Leaders Opportunity Fund, and Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council Discovery Grant Programs. L B F acknowledges funding from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC), the FLUXNET-Canada Network (NSERC, the Canadian Foundation for Climate and Atmospheric Sciences (CFCAS), and BIOCAP Canada), and the Canadian Carbon Program (CFCAS). M B N, M O L, M P, and J C gratefully acknowledge funding from the Swedish research infrastructures SITES and ICOS Sweden and research grants from Kempe Foundations, (#SMK-1743); VR (#2018-03966) and Formas, (#2016-01289) and M P gratefully acknowledges funding from Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation (#2015.0047).; M W acknowledge funding by the German Research Foundation (Grant Wi 2680/2-1) and the European Union (Grant 36993). B R K R and L K acknowledge support by the Cluster of Excellence 'CliSAP' (EXC177) of the University of Hamburg, funded by the German Research Foundation. H I acknowledges JAMSTEC and IARC/UAF collaboration study (JICS) and Arctic Challenge for Sustainability Project (ArCS). E H acknowledges the support of the FLUXNET-Canada Network, the Canadian Carbon Program, and Ontario Ministry of the Environment, Conservation and Parks. E L acknowledges funding by RFBR and Government of the KhantyMansi Autonomous Okrug -Yugra project #18-44-860017 and grant of the Yugra State University (13-01-20/39). M G and P T acknowledge NSERC funding (RDCPJ514218). M A, M K, A L. and J P T acknowledge the support by the Ministry of Transport and Communication through ICOS-Finland, Academy of Finland (grants 296888 and 308511), and Maj and Tor Nessling Foundation. T M acknowledge funding by Yakutian Scientific Center of Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences (Grant FWRS-2020-0012). . - ISSN 1748-9326РУБ Environmental Sciences + Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences

Аннотация: Peatlands and forests cover large areas of the boreal biome and are critical for global climate regulation. They also regulate regional climate through heat and water vapour exchange with the atmosphere. Understanding how land-atmosphere interactions in peatlands differ from forests may therefore be crucial for modelling boreal climate system dynamics and for assessing climate benefits of peatland conservation and restoration. To assess the biophysical impacts of peatlands and forests on peak growing season air temperature and humidity, we analysed surface energy fluxes and albedo from 35 peatlands and 37 evergreen needleleaf forests-the dominant boreal forest type-and simulated air temperature and vapour pressure deficit (VPD) over hypothetical homogeneous peatland and forest landscapes. We ran an evapotranspiration model using land surface parameters derived from energy flux observations and coupled an analytical solution for the surface energy balance to an atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) model. We found that peatlands, compared to forests, are characterized by higher growing season albedo, lower aerodynamic conductance, and higher surface conductance for an equivalent VPD. This combination of peatland surface properties results in a similar to 20% decrease in afternoon ABL height, a cooling (from 1.7 to 2.5 degrees C) in afternoon air temperatures, and a decrease in afternoon VPD (from 0.4 to 0.7 kPa) for peatland landscapes compared to forest landscapes. These biophysical climate impacts of peatlands are most pronounced at lower latitudes (similar to 45 degrees N) and decrease toward the northern limit of the boreal biome (similar to 70 degrees N). Thus, boreal peatlands have the potential to mitigate the effect of regional climate warming during the growing season. The biophysical climate mitigation potential of peatlands needs to be accounted for when projecting the future climate of the boreal biome, when assessing the climate benefits of conserving pristine boreal peatlands, and when restoring peatlands that have experienced peatland drainage and mining.

WOS

Держатели документа:
McMaster Univ, Sch Earth Environm & Soc, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
Dalhousie Univ, Dept Phys & Atmospher Sci, Halifax, NS, Canada.
Univ Helsinki, Inst Atmospher & Earth Syst Res Phys, Fac Sci, Helsinki, Finland.
Nat Resources Inst Finland LUKE, Bioecon & Environm, Helsinki, Finland.
Univ Manitoba, Dept Soil Sci, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.
Finnish Meteorol Inst, Helsinki, Finland.
Environm & Climate Change Canada, Climate Res Div, Saskatoon, SK, Canada.
Univ Saskatchewan, Global Inst Water Secur, Saskatoon, SK, Canada.
Univ British Columbia, Fac Land & Food Syst, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
Michigan State Univ, Dept Geog Environm & Spatial Sci, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA.
Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Dept Forest Ecol & Management, Umea, Sweden.
Univ Wisconsin, Dept Atmospher Sci & Ocean Sci, Madison, WI USA.
Worcester State Univ, Dept Earth Environm & Phys, Worcester, MA USA.
Univ Alaska, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA.
Univ Lethbridge, Dept Biol Sci, Lethbridge, AB, Canada.
Univ Copenhagen, Dept Geosci & Nat Resource Management, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Univ Quebec Montreal Geotop, Montreal, PQ, Canada.
Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Dept Ecol, Uppsala, Sweden.
McGill Univ, Dept Geog, Montreal, PQ, Canada.
Lund Univ, Ctr Environm & Climate Res, Lund, Sweden.
Carleton Univ, Dept Geog & Environm Studies, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
Natl Agr & Food Res Org, Inst Agroenvironm Sci, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
Univ Laval, Dept Genie Civil & Genie Eaux, Quebec City, PQ, Canada.
Shinshu Univ, Dept Environm Sci, Fac Sci, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan.
Russian Acad Sci, AN Severtsov Inst Ecol & Evolut, Moscow, Russia.
Univ Hamburg, Inst Soil Sci, Hamburg, Germany.
Yugra State Univ, Ctr Environm Dynam & Climate Changes, Khanty Mansiysk, Russia.
Lund Univ, Dept Phys Geog & Ecosyst Sci, Lund, Sweden.
Wilfrid Laurier Univ, Cold Reg Res Ctr, Waterloo, ON, Canada.
Russian Acad Sci, Inst Biol Problems Cryolithozone, Siberian Branch, Yakutsk, Russia.
Nagoya Univ, Grad Sch Bioagr Sci, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan.
Univ Waterloo, Dept Geog & Environm Management, Waterloo, ON, Canada.
Russian Acad Sci, Siberian Branch, VN Sukachev Inst, Krasnoyarsk, Russia.
Univ Arkansas, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA.
Univ Montreal, Dept Geog, Montreal, PQ, Canada.
Univ Montreal, Ctr Etud Nord, Montreal, PQ, Canada.
McGill Univ, Dept Nat Resource Sci, Ste Anne De Bellevue, PQ, Canada.
Univ Eastern Finland, Sch Forest Sci, Joensuu, Finland.
Osaka Prefecture Univ, Grad Sch Life & Environm Sci, Sakai, Osaka, Japan.
Univ Helsinki, Inst Atmospher & Earth Syst Res Forest Sci, Fac Agr & Forestry, Helsinki, Finland.
Ernst Moritz Arndt Univ Greifswald, Inst Bot & Landscape Ecol, Greifswald, Germany.
Univ Alberta, Dept Renewable Resources, Edmonton, AB, Canada.

Доп.точки доступа:
Helbig, Manuel; Waddington, James M.; Alekseychik, Pavel; Amiro, Brian; Aurela, Mika; Barr, Alan G.; Black, T. Andrew; Carey, Sean K.; Chen, Jiquan; Chi, Jinshu; Desai, Ankur R.; Dunn, Allison; Euskirchen, Eugenie S.; Flanagan, Lawrence B.; Friborg, Thomas; Garneau, Michelle; Grelle, Achim; Harder, Silvie; Heliasz, Michal; Humphreys, Elyn R.; Ikawa, Hiroki; Isabelle, Pierre-Erik; Iwata, Hiroki; Jassal, Rachhpal; Korkiakoski, Mika; Kurbatova, Juliya; Kutzbach, Lars; Lapshina, Elena; Lindroth, Anders; Lofvenius, Mikaell Ottosson; Lohila, Annalea; Mammarella, Ivan; Marsh, Philip; Moore, Paul A.; Maximov, Trofim; Nadeau, Daniel F.; Nicholls, Erin M.; Nilsson, Mats B.; Ohta, Takeshi; Peichl, Matthias; Petrone, Richard M.; Prokushkin, Anatoly; Quinton, William L.; Roulet, Nigel; Runkle, Benjamin R. K.; Sonnentag, Oliver; Strachan, Ian B.; Taillardat, Pierre; Tuittila, Eeva-Stiina; Tuovinen, Juha-Pekka; Turner, Jessica; Ueyama, Masahito; Varlagin, Andrej; Vesala, Timo; Wilmking, Martin; Zyrianov, Vyacheslav; Schulze, Christopher; ICOS-FINLAND [281255]; Finnish Center of Excellence [307331]; EU Horizon-2020 RINGO project [730944]; Government of Krasnoyarsk Territory, Krasnoyarsk Regional Fund of Science [18-45-243003]; RFBRRussian Foundation for Basic Research (RFBR) [18-45-243003, 19-04-01234-a]; Max Planck SocietyMax Planck SocietyFoundation CELLEX; US National Science foundationNational Science Foundation (NSF) [DEB-1440297]; DOE Ameriflux Network Management ProjectUnited States Department of Energy (DOE); Fluxnet Canada ResearchNetwork (2002-2007; NSERC); Fluxnet Canada ResearchNetwork (2002-2007; CFCAS); Fluxnet Canada ResearchNetwork (2002-2007; BIOCAP); Canadian Carbon Program (2008-2012; CFCAS); NSERC (Climate Change and Atmospheric Research); NSERC Discovery GrantNatural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Arctic Challenge for Sustainability II (ArCS II) project [JPMXD1420318865]; NASANational Aeronautics & Space Administration (NASA); BIOCAP Canada; Canadian Foundation for Climate and Atmospheric Sciences; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; FLUXNET-Canada Network (NSERC); FLUXNET-Canada Network (Canadian Foundation for Climate and Atmospheric Sciences (CFCAS)); FLUXNET-Canada Network (BIOCAP Canada); Parks Canada; Program of Energy Research and Development (PERD)Natural Resources Canada; Canada Research ChairsCanada Research ChairsCGIAR; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research CouncilNatural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canadian Carbon Program (CFCAS); Canada Foundation for Innovation Leaders Opportunity FundCanada Foundation for Innovation; Kempe Foundations [SMK-1743]; VRSwedish Research Council [2018-03966]; FormasSwedish Research Council Formas [2016-01289]; Knut and Alice Wallenberg FoundationKnut & Alice Wallenberg Foundation [2015.0047]; German Research FoundationGerman Research Foundation (DFG) [Wi 2680/2-1]; European UnionEuropean Union (EU) [36993]; Cluster of Excellence 'CliSAP' of the University of Hamburg - German Research Foundation [EXC177]; FLUXNET-Canada Network; Canadian Carbon Program; Ontario Ministry of the Environment, Conservation and Parks; Yugra State University [13-01-20/39]; NSERCNatural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada [RDCPJ514218]; Ministry of Transport and Communication through ICOS-Finland; Academy of FinlandAcademy of Finland [296888, 308511]; Maj and Tor Nessling Foundation; Yakutian Scientific Center of Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences [FWRS-2020-0012]; RFBRRussian Foundation for Basic Research (RFBR); Government of the KhantyMansi Autonomous Okrug -Yugra project [18-44-860017]; Swedish research infrastructure SITES Sweden; Swedish research infrastructure ICOS Sweden; Global Water Futures research program; NSERCNatural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canadian Foundation for InnovationCanada Foundation for Innovation; Canadian Forest ServiceNatural Resources CanadaCanadian Forest Service

/ J. L. McCarty, J. Aalto, V. V. Paunu [et al.] // Biogeosciences. - 2021. - Vol. 18, Is. 18. - P5053-5083, DOI 10.5194/bg-18-5053-2021. - Cited References:268. - This research has been supported by Miami University, Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland (IBA Forest Fires, decision PC0TQ4BT-53); Business Finland (BC Footprint; grant no. 1462/31/2019); the ACRoBEAR project, funded by the Belmont Forum Climate, Environment and Health (CEH) Collaborative Research Action and the UK Natural Environment Research Council (grant no. NE/T013672/1); the Arctic Monitoring and As-sessment Programme (AMAP); the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (RFBR grant no. 19-45-240004); a joint project of the Government of Krasnoyarsk Territory and Russian Foundation for Basic Research (GKT KRFS and RFBR grant no. 20-05-00540); NASA's Weather and Data Analysis programme; and the Climate Adaptation Research Fund from Environment and Climate Change Canada. Portions of this publication were produced with the financial support of the European Union via the EU-funded Action on Black Carbon in the Arctic. Its contents are the sole responsibility of Jessica L. McCarty, Ville-Veikko Paunu, Zbigniew Klimont, and Justin J. Fain and do not necessarily reflect the views of the European Union. . - ISSN 1726-4170. - ISSN 1726-4189РУБ Ecology + Geosciences, Multidisciplinary

Аннотация: In recent years, the pan-Arctic region has experienced increasingly extreme fire seasons. Fires in the northern high latitudes are driven by current and future climate change, lightning, fuel conditions, and human activity. In this context, conceptualizing and parameterizing current and future Arctic fire regimes will be important for fire and land management as well as understanding current and predicting future fire emissions. The objectives of this review were driven by policy questions identified by the Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme (AMAP) Working Group and posed to its Expert Group on Short-Lived Climate Forcers. This review synthesizes current understanding of the changing Arctic and boreal fire regimes, particularly as fire activity and its response to future climate change in the pan-Arctic have consequences for Arctic Council states aiming to mitigate and adapt to climate change in the north. The conclusions from our synthesis are the following. (1) Current and future Arctic fires, and the adjacent boreal region, are driven by natural (i.e. lightning) and human-caused ignition sources, including fires caused by timber and energy extraction, prescribed burning for landscape management, and tourism activities. Little is published in the scientific literature about cultural burning by Indigenous populations across the pan-Arctic, and questions remain on the source of ignitions above 70 degrees N in Arctic Russia. (2) Climate change is expected to make Arctic fires more likely by increasing the likelihood of extreme fire weather, increased lightning activity, and drier vegetative and ground fuel conditions. (3) To some extent, shifting agricultural land use and forest transitions from forest-steppe to steppe, tundra to taiga, and coniferous to deciduous in a warmer climate may increase and decrease open biomass burning, depending on land use in addition to climate-driven biome shifts. However, at the country and landscape scales, these relationships are not well established. (4) Current black carbon and PM2.5 emissions from wildfires above 50 and 65 degrees N are larger than emissions from the anthropogenic sectors of residential combustion, transportation, and flaring. Wildfire emissions have increased from 2010 to 2020, particularly above 60 degrees N, with 56% of black carbon emissions above 65 degrees N in 2020 attributed to open biomass burning - indicating how extreme the 2020 wildfire season was and how severe future Arctic wildfire seasons can potentially be. (5) What works in the boreal zones to prevent and fight wildfires may not work in the Arctic. Fire management will need to adapt to a changing climate, economic development, the Indigenous and local communities, and fragile northern ecosystems, including permafrost and peatlands. (6) Factors contributing to the uncertainty of predicting and quantifying future Arctic fire regimes include underestimation of Arctic fires by satellite systems, lack of agreement between Earth observations and official statistics, and still needed refinements of location, conditions, and previous fire return intervals on peat and permafrost landscapes. This review highlights that much research is needed in order to understand the local and regional impacts of the changing Arctic fire regime on emissions and the global climate, ecosystems, and pan-Arctic communities.

WOS

Держатели документа:
Miami Univ, Dept Geog, Oxford, OH 45056 USA.
Miami Univ, Geospatial Anal Ctr, Oxford, OH 45056 USA.
Finnish Meteorol Inst, Weather & Climate Change Impact Res, Helsinki, Finland.
Univ Helsinki, Dept Geosci & Geog, Helsinki, Finland.
Finnish Environm Inst SYKE, Ctr Sustainable Consumpt & Prod, Helsinki, Finland.
Univ Leeds, Sch Earth & Environm, Inst Climate & Atmospher Sci, Leeds, W Yorkshire, England.
Norwegian Inst Air Res, Dept Atmospher & Climate Res ATMOS, Kjeller, Norway.
Int Inst Appl Syst Anal IIASA, Laxenburg, Austria.
Russian Acad Sci, VN Sukachev Inst Forests, Siberian Branch, Krasnoyarsk, Russia.
Minist Environm Finland, Aleksanterinkatu 7,POB 35, Helsinki 00023, Finland.
Natl Inst Aerosp, Hampton, VA USA.
NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA.
Environm & Climate Change Canada, ASTD STB, Climate Res Div, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Arctic Monitoring & Assessment Programme AMAP Sec, Tromso, Norway.

Доп.точки доступа:
McCarty, Jessica L.; Aalto, Juha; Paunu, Ville-Veikko; Arnold, Steve R.; Eckhardt, Sabine; Klimont, Zbigniew; Fain, Justin J.; Evangeliou, Nikolaos; Venalainen, Ari; Tchebakova, Nadezhda M.; Parfenova, Elena, I; Kupiainen, Kaarle; Soja, Amber J.; Huang, Lin; Wilson, Simon; McCarty, Jessica; Miami University, Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland (IBA Forest Fires) [1462/31/2019]; Business Finland (BC Footprint) [1462/31/2019]; ACRoBEAR project - Belmont Forum Climate, Environment and Health (CEH) Collaborative Research Action; UK Natural Environment Research CouncilUK Research & Innovation (UKRI)Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) [NE/T013672/1]; Arctic Monitoring and As-sessment Programme (AMAP); Russian Foundation for Basic Research (RFBR)Russian Foundation for Basic Research (RFBR) [19-45-240004]; Russian Foundation for Basic ResearchRussian Foundation for Basic Research (RFBR) [20-05-00540]; NASA's Weather and Data Analysis programme; Climate Adaptation Research Fund from Environment and Climate Change Canada; European UnionEuropean Commission; Government of Krasnoyarsk Territory [20-05-00540]

/ L. Gandois, N. I. Tananaev, A. Prokushkin [et al.] // J. Geophys. Res.-Biogeosci. - 2021. - Vol. 126, Is. 10. - Ст. e2020JG006152, DOI 10.1029/2020JG006152. - Cited References:97. - This research was supported by the "Institut ecologie et environnement" of the French "Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique" (CNRS-INEE) through the PEPS program "Blanc" 2015, the "Institut des Sciences de l.univers" through the EC2CO program, a Marie Curie International Reintegration Grant (TOMCAR-Permafrost #277059) within the 7th European Community Framework Program, the mobility program of INPT, and the CNRS Russian-French cooperation "CAR-WET-SIB." The ERANet-LAC joint program (METHANOBASE ELAC2014_DCC-0092), as well as the Russian Fund for Basic Research, Projects No. 18-05-60240-Arctic (N.T., A.P.) and 18-05-60203 (A.P.) provided additional support. The Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences supports the Igarka Geocryology Laboratory through its field research facilities support program. Historical geodetic references, pile heights and gauging station descriptions were provided by Turukhansk hydrometeorological observatory staff, regional division of Roshydromet. The authors thank Anatoly Pimov for great help in the field, Arnaud Mansat for the map for Figure 1, Frederic Julien, Virginie Payre-Suc and Didier Lambrigot for the analysis of DOC and major elements (PAPC platform, EcoLab laboratory), Sergei Titov and Roman Kolosov for the analysis at Sukachev Institute of Forest SB RAS and Christine Hatte (LSCE laboratory) for the 14C analysis of DOC. . - ISSN 2169-8953. - ISSN 2169-8961РУБ Environmental Sciences + Geosciences, Multidisciplinary

Аннотация: Intense climate change and permafrost degradation impact northern watersheds and ultimately organic carbon transfer from terrestrial to aquatic ecosystems. We investigated the contemporary dissolved organic carbon (DOC) dynamics in a northern catchment underlain by discontinuous permafrost (Graviyka River, northern Siberia), where historical meteorological and hydrological data are available since 1936. Mean annual air temperature (MAAT), in contrast to precipitation and discharge was found to show a significant increasing trend since 1950. Using in situ sensing of fluorescent dissolved organic matter (fDOM), we estimated DOC concentrations at a high temporal frequency (1h) during 3 years (2015-2018), and calculated annual specific fluxes of 5.2-5.5 g C m(2) yr(-1). High DOC concentrations (above 10 mg L-1) are sustained all year, exhibiting nearly chemostatic behavior. Nevertheless, the high-frequency survey of DOC and other water parameters revealed the seasonality of DOC origin and pathways in the watershed. The spring freshet dominates the annual export (up to 80%), but summer and autumn floods can also contribute up to 9% and 8% respectively. The high-frequency sampling was able to capture the specific dynamic of DOC concentration during spring flood (DOC peak preceding discharge, dilution during the spring freshet) and summer and autumn floods (contribution of DOC-rich, low conductivity water). These observations suggest a significant contribution of organic-rich water originating in peatlands, potentially from degrading palsas. The study demonstrates both that high-frequency sampling is essential to capture key events for DOC export, and that more long-term monitoring is urgently needed in these rapidly evolving watersheds.

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Держатели документа:
Univ Toulouse, Lab Ecol Fonct & Environm, CNRS, INPT,UPS, Toulouse, France.
Russian Acad Sci, Melnikov Permafrost Inst, Yakutsk, Russia.
Russian Acad Sci, Sukachev Inst Forest, Krasnoyarsk, Russia.
Siberian Fed Univ, Krasnoyarsk, Russia.

Доп.точки доступа:
Gandois, L.; Tananaev, N., I; Prokushkin, A.; Solnyshkin, I.; Teisserenc, R.; "Institut ecologie et environnement" of the French "Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique" (CNRS-INEE) through the PEPS program "Blanc" 2015; "Institut des Sciences de l.univers" through the EC2CO program, a Marie Curie International Reintegration Grant (TOMCAR-Permafrost) within the 7th European Community Framework Program [277059]; INPT; CNRS Russian-French cooperation "CAR-WET-SIB"; ERANet-LAC joint program [METHANOBASE ELAC2014_DCC-0092]; Russian Fund for Basic ResearchRussian Foundation for Basic Research (RFBR) [18-05-60240, 18-05-60203]; Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of SciencesRussian Academy of Sciences

/ A. V. Makhnykina, D. A. Polosukhina, R. A. Kolosov, A. S. Prokushkin // Geosfernye Issledov. - 2021. - Is. 4. - С. 85-93, DOI 10.17223/25421379/21/7. - Cited References:25 . - ISSN 2542-1379. - ISSN 2541-9943РУБ Geosciences, Multidisciplinary

Аннотация: The bog ecosystems of the northern regions, with low productivity, can accumulate large amounts of carbon due to the low rate of decomposition and respiration. However, it is expected that climate change will lead to an intensification of assimilation and respiratory activity. In this work we considered the emission activity of a raised bog during the growing season. We also analyzed the main environmental factors that could have a significant impact on the CO2 emission rates from the bog surface. In our study, we examined the seasonal dynamics of CO2 emission from the surface of a raised bog (ryam). The study of soil emission was carried out for three seasons (2018-2020) on sections of the bog area of different heights - ridges and hollows. Soil emission measurements were performed using an LI-8100A infrared gas analyzer (Li-cor Inc., Lincoln, USA). Temperature measurements measured at three depths - 5, 10, and 15 cm from the surface using a Soil Temperature Probe Type E (Omega, USA). A Theta Probe Model ML moisture meter (Delta T Devices Ltd., UK) was used to measure the volumetric moisture (5 cm from the surface). The bog water level was measured during the entire frost-free period using the HOBO Water level logger U20L-04 (Onset, USA). In terms of the temperature regime of soils, the studied areas also differ significantly from each other, demonstrating the big discrepancies in the more humid seasons of 2019 and 2020. The difference in temperature in these seasons was about 1.0 degrees C, while in the 2018 season with insufficient moisture, the difference was two times less 0.5 degrees C. The maximum emission fluxes of CO2 in the studied bog massif were recorded in the first half of August, and the lowest - from the middle of September. The highest emission rates were recorded in the 2019 season: CO2 fluxes from the bog surface averaged 4.17 +/- 4.55 mu mol CO2/m(2)/s per season. For all observation seasons, CO2 fluxes on ridges exceeded hollows by more than 60 % (p <= 0.05). The strongest dependence was observed between the CO2 emission rate and soil temperature, moreover, in the season with the amount of precipitation below the mean annual norm (http://www.meteo.ru) - 2018, the correlation is higher and the rcoefficient was 0.6 and 0.8 for the ridge and hollow sites, respectively (p <= 0.05). The dependence of CO2 emission on moisture conditions, on the contrary, is rather weak for two sites, and is often negative. Thus, based on the results obtained, it can be concluded that the emission flux from the surface of a raised bog during the snow-free period depends not only on the moisture conditions of a particular season, but also on the section of the bog area: the emission of CO2 from local elevations of the microrelief - ridges is much higher than from more watered areas - hollows. A significant response to moisture conditions was found only for the season with insufficient moisture and in an elevated section of the bog area - ridge site. The CO2 emission rate during the growing season is mainly determined by the temperature regime.

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Держатели документа:
Siberian Fed Univ, Krasnoyarsk, Russia.
SB RAS, VN Sukachev Inst Forest, Krasnoyarsk, Russia.

Доп.точки доступа:
Makhnykina, A., V; Polosukhina, D. A.; Kolosov, R. A.; Prokushkin, A. S.