Труды сотрудников ИЛ им. В.Н. Сукачева СО РАН

/ B. Wild [et al.] // Soil Biology and Biochemistry. - 2013. - Vol. 67. - P85-93, DOI 10.1016/j.soilbio.2013.08.004 . - ISSN 0038-0717
Аннотация: Turbic Cryosols (permafrost soils characterized by cryoturbation, i.e., by mixing of soil layers due to freezing and thawing) are widespread across the Arctic, and contain large amounts of poorly decomposed organic material buried in the subsoil. This cryoturbated organic matter exhibits retarded decomposition compared to organic material in the topsoil. Since soil organic matter (SOM) decomposition is known to be tightly linked to N availability, we investigated N transformation rates in different soil horizons of three tundra sites in north-eastern Siberia and Greenland. We measured gross rates of protein depolymerization, N mineralization (ammonification) and nitrification, as well as microbial uptake of amino acids and NH4 + using an array of 15N pool dilution approaches. We found that all sites and horizons were characterized by low N availability, as indicated by low N mineralization compared to protein depolymerization rates (with gross N mineralization accounting on average for 14% of gross protein depolymerization). The proportion of organic N mineralized was significantly higher at the Greenland than at the Siberian sites, suggesting differences in N limitation. The proportion of organic N mineralized, however, did not differ significantly between soil horizons, pointing to a similar N demand of the microbial community of each horizon. In contrast, absolute N transformation rates were significantly lower in cryoturbated than in organic horizons, with cryoturbated horizons reaching not more than 32% of the transformation rates in organic horizons. Our results thus indicate a deceleration of the entire N cycle in cryoturbated soil horizons, especially strongly reduced rates of protein depolymerization (16% of organic horizons) which is considered the rate-limiting step in soil N cycling. В© 2013 The Authors.

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University of Vienna, Department of Microbiology and Ecosystem Science, Division of Terrestrial Ecosystem Research, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
Austrian Polar Research Institute, 1090 Vienna, Austria
University of South Bohemia, Department of Ecosystems Biology, Branisovska 31, 37005 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
Leibniz Universitat Hannover, Institut fur Bodenkunde, Herrenhauser Strasse 2, 30419 Hannover, Germany
International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), Schlossplatz 1, 2361 Laxenburg, Austria
Central Siberian Botanical Garden, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Zolotodolinskaya 101, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
VN Sukachev Institute of Forest, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Akademgorodok, 660036 Krasnoyarsk, Russian Federation
University of Vienna, Department of Ecogenomics and Systems Biology, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
University of Bergen, Department of Biology/Centre for Geobiology, Allegaten 41, 5007 Bergen, Norway
Northeast Scientific Station, Pacific Institute for Geography, Far-East Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 678830 Chersky, Republic of Sakha, Russian Federation

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Wild, B.; Schnecker, J.; Barta, J.; Capek, P.; Guggenberger, G.; Hofhansl, F.; Kaiser, C.; Lashchinsky, N.; Mikutta, R.; Mooshammer, M.; Santruckova, H.; Shibistova, O.; Urich, T.; Zimov, S.A.; Richter, A.

/ P. Capek [et al.] // Soil Biol. Biochem. - 2015. - Vol. 90. - P19-29, DOI 10.1016/j.soilbio.2015.07.013 . - ISSN 0038-0717
Аннотация: Arctic permafrost soils contain large stocks of organic carbon (OC). Extensive cryogenic processes in these soils cause subduction of a significant part of OC-rich topsoil down into mineral soil through the process of cryoturbation. Currently, one-fourth of total permafrost OC is stored in subducted organic horizons. Predicted climate change is believed to reduce the amount of OC in permafrost soils as rising temperatures will increase decomposition of OC by soil microorganisms. To estimate the sensitivity of OC decomposition to soil temperature and oxygen levels we performed a 4-month incubation experiment in which we manipulated temperature (4-20 °C) and oxygen level of topsoil organic, subducted organic and mineral soil horizons. Carbon loss (CLOSS) was monitored and its potential biotic and abiotic drivers, including concentrations of available nutrients, microbial activity, biomass and stoichiometry, and extracellular oxidative and hydrolytic enzyme pools, were measured. We found that independently of the incubation temperature, CLOSS from subducted organic and mineral soil horizons was one to two orders of magnitude lower than in the organic topsoil horizon, both under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. This corresponds to the microbial biomass being lower by one to two orders of magnitude. We argue that enzymatic degradation of autochthonous subducted OC does not provide sufficient amounts of carbon and nutrients to sustain greater microbial biomass. The resident microbial biomass relies on allochthonous fluxes of nutrients, enzymes and carbon from the OC-rich topsoil. This results in a "negative priming effect", which protects autochthonous subducted OC from decomposition at present. The vulnerability of subducted organic carbon in cryoturbated arctic soils under future climate conditions will largely depend on the amount of allochthonous carbon and nutrient fluxes from the topsoil. © 2015 Elsevier Ltd.

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Держатели документа:
University of South Bohemia, Department of Ecosystems Biology, Branisovska 31, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
Institute of Systematic Botany and Ecology, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, Ulm, Germany
University of Vienna, Department of Microbiology and Ecosystem Research, Division of Terrestrial Ecosystem Research, Althanstrasse 14, Vienna, Austria
Austrian Polar Research Institute, Althanstrasse 14, Vienna, Austria
University of Gothenburg, Department of Earth Sciences, Guldhedsgatan 5A, Gothenburg, Sweden
University of New Hampshire, Department of Natural Resources and the Environment, Durham, NH, United States
University of Vienna, Department of Ecogenomics and Systems Biology, Division of Archaea Biology and Ecogenomics, Vienna, Austria
Leibniz Universitat Hannover, Institute of Soil Science, Herrenhauser Strasse 2, Hannover, Germany
Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Soil Sciences, Halle, Germany
University of Stockholm, Department of Physical Geography, Stockholm, Sweden
Central Siberian Botanical Garden, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Zolotodolinskaya 101, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
University of Bergen, Department of Biology, Centre for Geobiology, Thormohlensgate 53B, Bergen, Norway
Center for Geomicrobiology, Department of Bioscience, Ny Munkegade 114, Aarhus C, Denmark
VN Sukachev, Institute of Forest, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Akademgorodok, Krasnoyarsk, Russian Federation
University of Greifswald, Institute for Microbiology, Greifswald, Germany

Доп.точки доступа:
Capek, P.; Diakova, K.; Dickopp, J.-E.; Barta, J.; Wild, B.; Schnecker, J.; Alves, R.J.E.; Aiglsdorfer, S.; Guggenberger, G.; Gentsch, N.; Hugelius, G.; Lashchinsky, N.; Gittel, A.; Schleper, C.; Mikutta, R.; Palmtag, J.; Shibistova, O.; Urich, .; Richter, A.; Santruckova, H.

/ Z. Zhu [et al.] // Soil Biol. Biochem. - 2018. - Vol. 121. - P67-76, DOI 10.1016/j.soilbio.2018.03.003 . - ISSN 0038-0717
Аннотация: Nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) availability plays a crucial role in carbon (C) cycling in terrestrial ecosystems. However, the C:N:P stoichiometric regulation of microbial mineralization of plant residues and its impact on the soil priming effect (PE), measured as CO2 and CH4 emission, in paddy soils remain unclear. In this study, the effect of soil C:N:P stoichiometry (regulated by the application of N and P fertilizers) on the mineralization of 13C-labelled rice straw and the subsequent PE was investigated in a 100-day incubation experiment in flooded paddy soil. N and P additions increased straw mineralization by approximately 25% and 10%, respectively. Additions of both N and P led to higher CO2 efflux, but lower CH4 emission. With an increase in the ratios of DOC:NH4 +-N, DOC:Olsen P, and microbial biomass C:N, 13CO2 efflux increased exponentially to a maximum. Compared with sole straw addition, exclusive N addition led to a weaker PE for CO2 emission, whereas exclusive P addition induced a stronger PE for CO2 emission. In contrast, CH4 emitted from native soil organic matter (SOM) was reduced by 7.4% and 46.1% following P and NP application, respectively. Structural equation models suggest that available N had dominant and direct positive effects, whereas microbial biomass stoichiometry mainly exerted negative indirect effects on PE. The stoichiometry of soil enzyme activity directly down-regulated CH4 emission from SOM. Microbes obviously regulate soil C turnover via stoichiometric flexibility to maintain an elemental stoichiometric balance between resources and microbial requirements. The addition of straw in combination with N and P fertilization in paddy soils could therefore meet microbial stoichiometric requirements and regulate microbial activity and extracellular enzyme production, resulting in co-metabolism of fresh C and native SOM. © 2018 Elsevier Ltd

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Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hunan, China
Changsha Research Station for Agricultural and Environmental Monitoring, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hunan, China
Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
Institute of Soil Science, Leibniz Universitat Hannover, Hannover, Germany
VN Sukachev Institute of Forest, SB-RAS, Krasnoyarsk, Russian Federation

Доп.точки доступа:
Zhu, Z.; Ge, T.; Luo, Y.; Liu, S.; Xu, X.; Tong, C.; Shibistova, O.; Guggenberger, G.; Wu, J.

/ A. S. Prokushkin [et al.] // Forests. - 2018. - Vol. 9, Is. 6, DOI 10.3390/f9060314 . - ISSN 1999-4907
Аннотация: Permafrost exerts strong controls on forest development through nutrient availability. The key question of this study was to assess the effect of site conditions on macroelement concentration and stable isotope (?13C and ?15N) dynamics during the growing season, and nutrient stoichiometry and resorption efficiency in the foliage of two common larch species in Siberia. Foliar nutrient (N, P and K) concentrations of larches grown on permafrost soils were exceptionally high in juvenile needles compared to those from a permafrost-free region (+50% and 130% for P and K), but were two-fold lower at needle maturation. Within permafrost terrain trees, sites with a warmer and deeper soil active layer had 15-60% greater nutrient concentrations and higher ?15N in their needles compared to shallower, colder soils. Larch of permafrost-free sites demonstrated an enrichment of foliage in 15N (+1.4% to +2.4h) in comparison to permafrost terrain (-2.0% to -6.9h). At all sites, foliar ?13C decreased from June to August, which very likely results from an increasing contribution of current photoassimilates to build foliar biomass. With senescence, nutrient concentrations in larch needles decreased significantly by 60-90%. This strong ability of larch to retain nutrients through resorption is the essential mechanism that maintains tree growth early in the growing season when soil remains frozen. The high resorptive efficiency found for K and P for larches established on permafrost suggests nutrient limitation of tree growth within the Central Siberian Plateau not only by N, as previously reported, but also by P and K. The increasing nutrient concentrations and a 15N enrichment of foliage towards warmer sites was paralleled by an up to 50-fold increase in biomass production, strongly suggesting that accelerated nutrient cycling with permafrost degradation contributes to an increased productivity of Siberian larch forests. © 2018 by the authors.

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V.N. Sukachev Institute of Forest SB RAS, Akademgorodok 50/28, Krasnoyarsk, Russian Federation
WSL, Zurcherstrasse 111, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
GET, Universite Paul Sabatier-CNRS-IRD, 14 Avenue Edouard Belin, Toulouse, France
Siberian Federal University, Svobodny 79, Krasnoyarsk, Russian Federation
Department of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, United States

Доп.точки доступа:
Prokushkin, A. S.; Hagedorn, F.; Pokrovsky, O. S.; Viers, J.; Kirdyanov, A. V.; Masyagina, O. V.; Prokushkina, M. P.; McDowell, W. H.

/ J. Cui, Z. Zhu, X. Xu [et al.] // Soil Biol. Biochem. - 2020. - Vol. 142. - Ст. 107720, DOI 10.1016/j.soilbio.2020.107720 . - ISSN 0038-0717
Аннотация: The impact of increasing amounts of labile C input on priming effects (PE) on soil organic matter (SOM) mineralization remains unclear, particularly under anoxic conditions and under high C input common in microbial hotspots. PE and their mechanisms were investigated by a 60-day incubation of three flooded paddy soils amended with13C-labeled glucose equivalent to 50–500% of microbial biomass C (MBC). PE (14–55% of unamended soil) peaked at moderate glucose addition rates (i.e., 50–300% of MBC). Glucose addition above 300% of MBC suppressed SOM mineralization but intensified microbial N acquisition, which contradicted the common PE mechanism of accelerating SOM decomposition for N-supply (frequently termed as “N mining”). Particularly at glucose input rate higher than 3 g kg?1 (i.e., 300–500% of MBC), mineral N content dropped on day 2 close to zero (1.1–2.5 mg N kg?1) because of microbial N immobilization. To cope with the N limitation, microorganisms greatly increased N-acetyl glucosaminidase and leucine aminopeptidase activities, while SOM decomposition decreased. Several discrete peaks of glucose-derived CO2 (contributing >80% to total CO2) were observed between days 13–30 under high glucose input (300–500% of MBC), concurrently with CH4 peaks. Such CO2 dynamics was distinct from the common exponential decay pattern, implicating the recycling and mineralization of 13C-enriched microbial necromass driven by glucose addition. Therefore, N recycling from necromass was hypothesized as a major mechanism to alleviate microbial N deficiency without SOM priming under excess labile C input. Compound-specific 13C-PLFA confirmed the redistribution of glucose-derived C among microbial groups, i.e., necromass recycling. Following glucose input, more than 4/5 of total 13C-PLFA was in the gram-negative and some non-specific bacteria, suggesting these microorganisms as r-strategists capable of rapidly utilizing the most labile C. However, their 13C-PLFA content decreased by 70% after 60 days, probably as a result of death of these r-strategists. On the contrary, the 13C-PLFA in gram-positive bacteria, actinomycetes and fungi (K-strategists) was initially minimal but increased by 0.5–5 folds between days 2 and 60. Consequently, the necromass of dead r-strategists provided a high-quality C–N source to the K-strategists. We conclude that under severe C excess, N recycling from necromass is a much more efficient microbial strategy to cover the acute N demand than N acquisition from the recalcitrant SOM. © 2020 Elsevier Ltd

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Держатели документа:
Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region & Changsha Research Station for Agricultural and Environmental Monitoring, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hunan, 410125, China
State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Gongdong, 510640, China
Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory for Bioresources of Coastal Saline Soils, Jiangsu Coastal Biological Agriculture Synthetic Innovation Center, Yancheng Teachers' University, Yancheng, 224002, China
Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
School of Environment, Natural Resources & Geography, Bangor University, Gwynedd, LL57 2UW, United Kingdom
Department of Agricultural Soil Science, Department of Soil Science of Temperate Ecosystems, University of G?ttingen, G?ttingen, Germany
Institute of Environmental Sciences, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, 420049, Russian Federation
Agro-Technological Institute, RUDN University, Moscow, 117198, Russian Federation
Departamento de Ciencias Quimicas y Recursos Naturales, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
VN Sukachev Institute of Forest, SB-RAS, Krasnoyarsk, 660036, Russian Federation

Доп.точки доступа:
Cui, J.; Zhu, Z.; Xu, X.; Liu, S.; Jones, D. L.; Kuzyakov, Y.; Shibistova, O.; Wu, J.; Ge, T.

/ X. M. Wei, Z. K. Zhu, Y. Liu [et al.] // Biol. Fertil. Soils. - 2020, DOI 10.1007/s00374-020-01468-7. - Cited References:78. - This study was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41430860, 41877104, and 41761134095); Innovative Research Groups of the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province (2019JJ10003); Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province (2019JJ30028); the Youth Innovation Team Project of the Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences (2017QNCXTD_GTD); the Youth Innovation Promotion Association (2019357); the China Scholarship Council (201904910049); and the Chinese Academy of Sciences President's International Fellowship Initiative to Georg Guggenberger (2018VCA0031). . - Article in press. - ISSN 0178-2762. - ISSN 1432-0789РУБ Soil Science

Аннотация: Stoichiometric control of input substrate (glucose) and native soil organic C (SOC) mineralization was assessed by performing a manipulation experiment based on N or P fertilization in paddy soil. Glucose mineralization increased with nutrient addition up to 11.6% with combined N and P application compared with that without nutrient addition. During 100 days of incubation, approximately 4.5% of SOC was mineralized and was stimulated by glucose addition. Glucose and SOC mineralization increased exponentially with dissolved organic C (DOC):NH4+-N, DOC:Olsen P, and microbial biomass (MB)C:MBN ratios. The relative abundances of Clostridia and beta-Proteobacteria (r-strategists) were increased with combined C and NP application at the beginning of the experiment, while the relative abundances of Acidobacteria (K-strategists) were enhanced with the exhaustion of available resource at the end of incubation. The bacteria abundance and diversity were negatively related to the DOC:NH4+-N and DOC:Olsen P, which had direct positive effects (+ 0.63) on SOC mineralization. Combined glucose and NP application decreased the network density of the bacterial community. Moreover, P addition significantly decreased the negative associations among bacterial taxa, which suggested that microbial competition for nutrients was alleviated. The relative abundances of keystone species showed significant positive correlations with SOC mineralization in the soils without P application, revealing that microbes increased their activity for mining of limited nutrients from soil organic matter. Hence, bacteria shifted their community composition and their interactions to acquire necessary elements by increasing SOC mineralization to maintain the microbial biomass C:N:P stoichiometric balance in response to changes in resource stoichiometry.

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Держатели документа:
Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Subtrop Agr, Key Lab Agroecol Proc Subtrop Reg, Changde 410125, Hunan, Peoples R China.
Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Subtrop Agr, Changsha Res Stn Agr & Environm Monitoring, Changde 410125, Hunan, Peoples R China.
Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China.
Zhejiang Univ, Inst Soil & Water Resources & Environm Sci, Zhejiang Prov Key Lab Agr Resources & Environm, Hangzhou 310058, Peoples R China.
Jiangxi Univ Sci & Technol, Sch Resources & Environm Engn, Ganzhou 341000, Peoples R China.
Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Geog Sci & Nat Resources Res, Key Lab Ecosyst Network Observat & Modeling, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China.
Univ Vienna, Ctr Microbiol & Ecosyst Sci, A-1090 Vienna, Austria.
Leibniz Univ Hannover, Inst Soil Sci, D-30419 Hannover, Germany.
SB RAS, VN Sukachev Inst Forest, Krasnoyarsk, Russia.

Доп.точки доступа:
Wei, Xiaomeng; Zhu, Zhenke; Liu, Y.i.; Luo, Y.u.; Deng, Yangwu; Xu, Xingliang; Liu, Shoulong; Richter, Andreas; Shibistova, Olga; Guggenberger, Georg; Wu, Jinshui; Ge, Tida; National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaNational Natural Science Foundation of China [41430860, 41877104, 41761134095]; Innovative Research Groups of the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province [2019JJ10003]; Natural Science Foundation of Hunan ProvinceNatural Science Foundation of Hunan Province [2019JJ30028]; Youth Innovation Team Project of the Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences [2017QNCXTD_GTD]; Youth Innovation Promotion Association [2019357]; China Scholarship CouncilChina Scholarship Council [201904910049]; Chinese Academy of Sciences President's International Fellowship Initiative [2018VCA0031]