Аннотация: Though tree-ring chronologies are annually resolved, their dating has never been independently validated at the global scale. Moreover, it is unknown if atmospheric radiocarbon enrichment events of cosmogenic origin leave spatiotemporally consistent fingerprints. Here we measure the C-14 content in 484 individual tree rings formed in the periods 770-780 and 990-1000 CE. Distinct C-14 excursions starting in the boreal summer of 774 and the boreal spring of 993 ensure the precise dating of 44 tree-ring records from five continents. We also identify a meridional decline of 11-year mean atmospheric radiocarbon concentrations across both hemispheres. Corroborated by historical eye-witness accounts of red auroras, our results suggest a global exposure to strong solar proton radiation. To improve understanding of the return frequency and intensity of past cosmic events, which is particularly important for assessing the potential threat of space weather on our society, further annually resolved C-14 measurements are needed.
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Держатели документа:
Univ Cambridge, Dept Geog, Cambridge CB2 3EN, England.
Swiss Fed Res Inst WSL, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland.
Global Change Res Inst CAS, Brno 60300, Czech Republic.
Masaryk Univ, Dept Geog, Brno 61137, Czech Republic.
Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Lab Ion Beam Phys, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland.
Univ Quebec Rimouski, Dept Biol Chim & Geog, Rimouski, PQ G5L 3A1, Canada.
Queens Univ, Sch Nat & Built Environm, Belfast BT7 1NN, Antrim, North Ireland.
Swiss Fed Inst Aquat Sci & Technol Eawag, CH-8600 Dubendorf, Switzerland.
CNR, Trees & Timber Inst, IVALSA, I-38010 San Michele All Adige, TN, Italy.
Off Urbanism, Competence Ctr Underwater Archaeol & Dendrochrono, CH-8008 Zurich, Switzerland.
Univ Auckland, Sch Environm, Auckland 1010, New Zealand.
Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg FAU, Inst Geog, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany.
Univ Padua, Dept Terr & Sistemi Agroforestali, I-35020 Legnaro, PD, Italy.
Stockholm Univ, Dept Hist, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden.
Stockholm Univ, Bolin Ctr Climate Res, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden.
Univ Austral Chile, Lab Dendrocronol & Cambio Globa, Casilla 567, Valdivia, Chile.
Ctr Climate & Resilience Res, Blanco Encalada 2002, Santiago 8370449, Chile.
Univ Vermont, Rubenstein Sch Environm & Nat Resources, Burlington, VT 05405 USA.
Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Tree Ring Lab, Palisades, NY 10964 USA.
William Paterson Univ, Dept Environm Sci, Wayne, NJ 07470 USA.
Iceland Forest Res Magilsa, IS-116 Reykjavik, Iceland.
Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, Dept Geog, D-55099 Mainz, Germany.
Univ Guelph, Dept Geog, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada.
Univ Lorraine, INRA, AgroParisTech, F-54000 Nancy, France.
Univ Tennessee, Dept Geog, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA.
Swedish Polar Res Secretariat, SE-10405 Stockholm, Sweden.
Stockholm Univ, Dept Phys Geog, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden.
Russian Acad Sci, Ural Branch, Inst Plant & Anim Ecol, Ekaterinburg 620144, Russia.
Bavarian State Off Monument Protect, D-80539 Munich, Germany.
W Virginia Univ, Dept Geol & Geog, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA.
German Archaeol Inst, D-14195 Berlin, Germany.
Univ Arizona, Dept Geosci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA.
Univ Arizona, AMS Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA.
Inst Nucl Res, Isotope Climatol & Environm Res Ctr, H-4001 Debrecen, Hungary.
RAS, SB, Sukachev Inst Forest, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia.
Siberian Fed Univ, Dept Humanities, Krasnoyarsk 660041, Russia.
Mendel Univ Brno, Dept Wood Sci, Brno 61300, Czech Republic.
Navarino Environm Observ, GR-24001 Messinia, Greece.
Univ Gothenburg, Dept Earth Sci, S-40530 Gothenburg, Sweden.
Swansea Univ, Dept Geog, Swansea SA2 8PP, W Glam, Wales.
Univ Western Ontario, Dept Geog, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada.
Nagoya Univ, Inst Space Earth Environm Res, Nagoya, Aichi 4648601, Japan.
Univ Innsbruck, Inst Geog, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
Univ New South Wales, Sch Biol Earth & Environm Sci, Palaeontol Geobiol & Earth Arch Res Ctr, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
Univ New South Wales, Sch Biol Earth & Environm Sci, ARC Ctr Excellence Australian Biodivers & Heritag, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
Univ Arizona, Lab Tree Ring Res, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA.
Harvard Univ, Harvard Forest, Petersham, MA 01366 USA.
Univ Freiburg, Inst Forest Sci, Chair Forest Growth & Dendroecol, Freiburg, Germany.
Paul Scherrer Inst, Lab Environm Chem, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland.
Univ Geneva, Inst Environm Sci, CH-1205 Geneva, Switzerland.
Indiana State Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Syst, Terre Haute, IN 47809 USA.
Archaeol Serv Kanton Thurgau AATG, CH-8510 Frauenfeld, Switzerland.
Consejo Nacl Invest Cient & Tecn, IANIGLA, Inst Argentino Nivol Glaciol & Cienc Ambientales, RA-3305500 Mendoza, Argentina.
Coll Wooster, Dept Earth Sci, Wooster, OH 44691 USA.
Univ St Andrews, Sch Geog & Geosci, St Andrews KY16 9AJ, Fife, Scotland.
Hampshire Coll, Sch Nat Sci, Amherst, MA 01002 USA.
Chinese Acad Sci, Northwest Inst Ecoenvironm & Resources, Key Lab Desert & Desertificat, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, Peoples R China.
Доп.точки доступа:
Buntgen, Ulf; Wacker, Lukas; Galvan, J. Diego; Arnold, Stephanie; Arseneault, Dominique; Baillie, Michael; Beer, Jurg; Bernabei, Mauro; Bleicher, Niels; Boswijk, Gretel; Brauning, Achim; Carrer, Marco; Ljungqvist, Fredrik Charpentier; Cherubini, Paolo; Christl, Marcus; Christie, Duncan A.; Clark, Peter W.; Cook, Edward R.; D'Arrigo, Rosanne; Davi, Nicole; Eggertsson, Olafur; Esper, Jan; Fowler, Anthony M.; Gedalof, Ze'ev; Gennaretti, Fabio; Griessinger, Jussi; Grissino-Mayer, Henri; Grudd, Hakan; Gunnarson, Bjorn E.; Hantemirov, Rashit; Herzig, Franz; Hessl, Amy; Heussner, Karl-Uwe; Jull, A. J. Timothy; Kukarskih, Vladimir; Kirdyanov, Alexander; Kolar, Tomas; Krusic, Paul J.; Kyncl, Tomas; Lara, Antonio; LeQuesne, Carlos; Linderholm, Hans W.; Loader, Neil J.; Luckman, Brian; Miyake, Fusa; Myglan, Vladimir S.; Nicolussi, Kurt; Oppenheimer, Clive; Palmer, Jonathan; Panyushkina, Irina; Pederson, Neil; Rybnicek, Michal; Schweingruber, Fritz H.; Seim, Andrea; Sigl, Michael; Sidorova, J. H.; Speer, James H.; Synal, Hans-Arno; Tegel, Willy; Treydte, Kerstin; Villalba, Ricardo; Wiles, Greg; Wilson, Rob; Winship, Lawrence J.; Wunder, Jan; Yang, Bao; Young, Giles H. F.; WSL-internal COSMIC project [5233.00148.001.01]; ETHZ (Laboratory of Ion Beam Physics); Swiss National Science Foundation (SNF Grant) [200021L_157187/1]; Czech Republic Grant Agency project [17-22102s]