Труды сотрудников ИЛ им. В.Н. Сукачева СО РАН

[Text] / M. . Kawahigashi, A. . Prokushkin, H. . Sumida // Geoderma. - 2011. - Vol. 166, Is. 1. - P171-180, DOI 10.1016/j.geoderma.2011.07.027. - Cited References: 44. - This research was supported by the core to core program "Symptoms of Climate Change in Far-eastern Siberia", funded by the Japanese Society for Promotion of Science. The authors thank Alexander Kirdyanov, Tatiana Bugaenko, Svetlana Evgrafova for support in sample collection and preparation. . - 10. - ISSN 0016-7061РУБ Soil Science

Аннотация: To evaluate the effects of forest fire and post-fire stand recovery on the organic layer chemistry and solute release within mound and trough microrelief elements (termed earth hummock microtopography) that mainly distribute permafrost affected area, we chose five fire plots (larch forests burned in 1951, 1981, 1990, 1994 and 2005) paired with adjacent control plots in mature larch forests in Central Siberian permafrost terrain. We determined total carbon, nitrogen and ash content in solid organic soils, and analyzed total carbon, nitrogen, bases and major anions in water extracts. There was a significant correlation between water-extracted organic carbon (WEOC) and total carbon (kg m(-2)) in area basis, implying that the quantity of total carbon was a major factor in WEOC production. WEOC correlated negatively with pH, indicating strong control by organic horizons (organic solute leaching) on soil acidity and base cation dynamics. The sum of water extractable base cations was also correlated significantly to total carbon, indicating that cations can be released through organic matter decomposition. Organic horizons in troughs in burned plots released greater amounts of Ca, Mg and K than those in mounds, probably due to greater content of organic matter as a cation source. Anions including nitrate and phosphate and WEOC also accumulated in trough depressions, due probably to organic matter degradation. The contrasting distribution of solutes between mounds and troughs in burned plots seems to be controlled by organic horizon development via changes in microtopography after forest fires. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

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Держатели документа:
[Kawahigashi, Masayuki
Sumida, Hiroaki] Nihon Univ, Coll Bioresource Sci, Kanagawa 2520880, Japan
[Prokushkin, Anatoly] Russian Acad Sci, Sukachev Inst Forest, Siberian Branch, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia

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Kawahigashi, M...; Prokushkin, A...; Sumida, H...

[Text] / T. . Wallenius [et al.] // Int. J. Wildland Fire. - 2011. - Vol. 20, Is. 2. - P248-254, DOI 10.1071/WF10020. - Cited References: 43. - Aleksey Sadvordaev, Galina Zrazhevskaya, Toivo Haltia and Antti Lavikainen helped with the challenging arrangements and the field work. Oskar Ofluds Stiftelse, Nordenskiolds Samfundet and Ulla Wallenius funded the expedition to central Siberia. The Maj and Tor Nessling Foundation (grant number 2003064), Emil Aaltonen Foundation and Finnish Academy (grant number 121919) financed this long-duration study from field work to publication. . - 7. - ISSN 1049-8001РУБ Forestry

Аннотация: To study the poorly known fire history of Larix-dominated forest in central Siberia, we collected samples from 200 trees in 46 systematically located study plots. Our study area stretches similar to 90 km from north to south along the River Nizhnyaya Tunguska in northern Irkustk district. Cross-dated tree-ring chronology for all samples combined extended from the year 1360 AD to the present and included 76 fire years and 88 separate fire events. Average fire cycle gradually lengthened from 52 years in the 18th century to 164 years in the 20th century. During the same time, the number of recorded fires decreased even more steeply, i.e. by more than 85%. Fires were more numerous but smaller in the past. Contrary to expectations, climate change in the 20th century has not resulted in increased forest fires in this region. Fire suppression may have contributed to the scarcity of fires since the 1950s. However, a significant decline in fires was evident earlier; therefore an additional explanation is required, a reduction in human-caused ignitions being likely in the light of historical accounts.

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Держатели документа:
[Wallenius, Tuomo
Heikkinen, Juha] Finnish Forest Res Inst, Vantaa Res Unit, FI-01301 Vantaa, Finland
[Larjavaara, Markku] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Ancon, Panama
[Shibistova, Olga] SB RAS, VN Sukachev Inst Forest, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia

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Wallenius, T...; Larjavaara, M...; Heikkinen, J...; Shibistova, O...

[Text] / C. . Blodau [et al.] // J. Geophys. Res.-Biogeosci. - 2008. - Vol. 113, Is. G3. - Ст. G03023, DOI 10.1029/2007JG000652. - Cited References: 45. - The support of the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) and of the German Ministry of Science and Education (BMBF) to H. Flessa, G. Guggenberger, and C. Blodau is gratefully acknowledged. We thank Martina Heider for laboratory assistance, Pjotr Karas and Alexander Tiunov for all their help with field work, and Swetlana Poljuhova (Field Station Igarka of the Permafrost Institute Yakutsk) for excellent laboratory analyses and help with respect to logistics. . - 8. - ISSN 0148-0227РУБ Environmental Sciences + Geosciences, Multidisciplinary

Аннотация: Thermokarst wetlands and ponds in the subarctic, which are located in land surface depressions resulting from permafrost melt, are strong sources of CH4, but little is known about respiration processes supporting these emissions. We determined CH4 fluxes and concentration profiles of dissolved gases and anions and some delta C-13 ratios of CO2 and CH4 in a thermokarst pond and adjacent smaller thermokarst depressions in the forest tundra near Igarka, northern Siberia in August 2006. Methane was emitted at 110-170 mg m(-2) d(-1) and produced mostly by CO2 reduction, which also provided high Gibbs free energies on the order of 50-70 KJ mol(-1) H-2 due to high H-2 concentrations. The diffusive flux calculated from CH4 gradients in the floating mat contributed 2% to emissions. CH4 was apparently not oxidized deeper than 20 cm into the floating mat and the water body below. Anaerobic respiration required to reproduce nonsteady state CO2 concentration maxima in the floating mat above the water body was 30-80 nmol cm(-3) d(-1) or 250 mg m(-2) d(-1) and thus on a similar order of magnitude as CH4 fluxes. The results suggest that floating mat-covered thermokarst ponds located in northern Siberian bogs effectively convert recently fixed carbon into CH4 and thus allow for emissions independently from the finite, bog-derived carbon source. The relative contribution of recently fixed and old bog-derived carbon to C fluxes requires further investigation, however.

Держатели документа:
[Blodau, Christian
Rees, Rainer
Knorr, Klaus-Holger] Univ Bayreuth, Limnol Res Stn, D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany
[Blodau, Christian
Rees, Rainer
Knorr, Klaus-Holger] Univ Bayreuth, Dept Hydrol, D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany
[Flessa, Heiner] Univ Gottingen, Buesgeninst, D-37077 Gottingen, Germany
[Rodionov, Andrej
Guggenberger, Georg] Univ Halle Wittenberg, Inst Agr & Nutr Sci, D-06108 Halle, Germany
[Shibistova, Olga
Zrazhevskaya, Galina
Mikheeva, Natalia] SB RAS, VN Sukachev Inst Forest, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia
[Kasansky, Oleg A.] SB RAS, Permafrost Inst Yakutsk, Field Stn Igarka, Igarka 663200, Russia

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Blodau, C...; Rees, R...; Flessa, H...; Rodionov, A...; Guggenberger, G...; Knorr, K.H.; Shibistova, O...; Zrazhevskaya, G...; Mikheeva, N...; Kasansky, O.A.

[Text] / A. J. Soja [et al.] // Glob. Planet. Change. - 2007. - Vol. 56: 1st Science Session of the Northern-Eurasia-Earth-Science-Partnership-Initiative (NEESPI) held at the 2004 Fall AGU Meeting (DEC 13-17, 2004, San Francisco, CA), Is. 03.04.2013. - P274-296, DOI 10.1016/j.gloplacha.2006.07.028. - Cited References: 167 . - 23. - ISSN 0921-8181РУБ Geography, Physical + Geosciences, Multidisciplinary

Аннотация: For about three decades, there have been many predictions of the potential ecological response in boreal regions to the currently warmer conditions. In essence, a widespread, naturally occurring experiment has been conducted over time. In this paper, we describe previously modeled predictions of ecological change in boreal Alaska, Canada and Russia, and then we investigate potential evidence of current climate-induced change. For instance, ecological models have suggested that warming will induce the northern and upslope migration of the treeline and an alteration in the current mosaic structure of boreal forests. We present evidence of the migration of keystone ecosystems in the upland and lowland treeline of mountainous regions across southern Siberia. Ecological models have also predicted a moisture-stress-related dieback in white spruce trees in Alaska, and current investigations show that as temperatures increase, white spruce tree growth is declining. Additionally, it was suggested that increases in infestation and wildfire disturbance would be catalysts that precipitate the alteration of the current mosaic forest composition. In Siberia, 7 of the last 9 yr have resulted in extreme fire seasons, and extreme fire years have also been more frequent in both Alaska and Canada. In addition, Alaska has experienced extreme and geographically expansive multi-year outbreaks of the spruce beetle, which had been previously limited by the cold, moist environment. We suggest that there is substantial evidence throughout the circumboreal region to conclude that the biosphere within the boreal terrestrial environment has already responded to the transient effects of climate change. Additionally, temperature increases and warming-induced change are progressing faster than had been predicted in some regions, suggesting a potential non-linear rapid response to changes in climate, as opposed to the predicted slow linear response to climate change. (C) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

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NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Natl Inst Aerosp, Hampton, VA 23681 USA
Russian Acad Sci, Sukachev Inst Forestry, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia
Altarum Inst, Ann Arbor, MI 48113 USA
Canadian Forest Serv, Sault Ste Marie, ON P6A 2E5, Canada
Univ Virginia, Global Environm Change Program, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA
Univ Alaska, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA
NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA

Доп.точки доступа:
Soja, A.J.; Tchebakova, N.M.; French, NHF; Flannigan, M.D.; Shugart, H.H.; Stocks, B.J.; Sukhinin, A.I.; Parfenova, E.I.; Chapin, F.S.; Stackhouse, P.W.

[Text] / E. A. Vaganov [et al.] // Astrobiology. - 2004. - Vol. 4, Is. 3. - P391-399, DOI 10.1089/ast.2004.4.391. - Cited References: 34 . - 9. - ISSN 1531-1074РУБ Astronomy & Astrophysics + Biology + Geosciences, Multidisciplinary

Аннотация: We analyzed tree rings in wood samples collected from some of the few surviving trees found close to the epicenter (within 4-5 km) of the Tunguska event that occurred on the last day of June 1908. Tree-ring growth shows a depression starting in the year after the event and continuing during a 4-5-year period. The most remarkable traces of the event were found in the rings' anatomical structure: (1) formation of "light" rings and a reduction of maximum density in 1908; (2) non-thickened tracheids (the cells that make up most of the wood volume) in the transition and latewood zones (the middle and last-formed parts of the ring, respectively); and (3) deformed tracheids, which are located on the 1908 annual ring outer boundary. In the majority of samples, normal earlywood and latewood tracheids were formed in all annual rings after 1908. The observed anomalies in wood anatomy suggest two main impacts of the Tunguska event on surviving trees-M defoliation and (2) direct mechanical stress on active xylem tissue. The mechanical stress needed to fell trees is less than the stress needed to cause the deformation of differentiating tracheids observed in trees close to the epicenter. In order to resolve this apparent contradiction, work is suggested on possible topographic modification of the overpressure experienced by these trees, as is an experimental test of the effects of such stresses on precisely analogous growing trees.

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Держатели документа:
Univ Arizona, Tree Ring Res Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA
Russian Acad Sci, Siberian Branch, VN Sukachev Inst Forest, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
Russian Acad Sci, Inst Monitoring Climat & Ecol Syst, Siberian Branch, Tomsk, Russia

Доп.точки доступа:
Vaganov, E.A.; Hughes, M.K.; Silkin, P.P.; Nesvetailo, V.D.

[Text] / A. J. Soja [et al.] // J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. - 2004. - Vol. 109, Is. D14. - Ст. D14S06, DOI 10.1029/2004JD004570. - Cited References: 126 . - 25. - ISSN 2169-897XРУБ Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences

Аннотация: [ 1] In the biomass, soils, and peatlands of Siberia, boreal Russia holds one of the largest pools of terrestrial carbon. Because Siberia is located where some of the largest temperature increases are expected to occur under current climate change scenarios, stored carbon has the potential to be released with associated changes in fire regimes. Our concentration is on estimating a wide range of current and potential emissions from Siberia on the basis of three modeled scenarios. An area burned product of Siberia is introduced, which spans from 1998 through 2002. Emissions models are spatially explicit; therefore area burned is extracted from associated ecoregions for each year. Carbon consumption estimates are presented for 23 unique ecoregions across Siberia, which range from 3.4 to 75.4 t C ha(-1) for three classes of severity. Total direct carbon emissions range from the traditional scenario estimate of 116 Tg C in 1999 (6.9 M ha burned) to the extreme scenario estimate of 520 Tg C in 2002 (11.2 M ha burned), which are equivalent to 5 and 20%, respectively, of total global carbon emissions from forest and grassland burning. Our results suggest that disparities in the amount of carbon stored in unique ecosystems and the severity of fire events can affect total direct carbon emissions by as much as 50%. Additionally, in extreme fire years, total direct carbon emissions can be 37 - 41% greater than in normal fire years, owing to increased soil organic matter consumption. Mean standard scenario estimates of CO2 ( 555 - 1031 Tg), CO ( 43 - 80 Tg), CH4 (2.4 - 4.5 Tg), TNMHC (2.2 - 4.1 Tg), and carbonaceous aerosols (4.6 - 8.6 Tg) represent 10, 15, 19, 12 and 26%, respectively, of the global estimates from forest and grassland burning. Accounting for smoldering combustion in soils and peatlands results in increases in CO, CH4, and TNMHC and decreases in CO2 emitted from fire events.

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Держатели документа:
Terra Syst Res Inc, Williamsburg, VA 23185 USA
US Forest Serv, USDA, Arlington, VA 22209 USA
Nat Resources Canada, Great Lakes Forestry Ctr, Sault Ste Marie, ON P6A 2E5, Canada
Univ Virginia, Dept Environm Sci, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA
Russian Acad Sci, Sukachev Forest Inst, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia
NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA

Доп.точки доступа:
Soja, A.J.; Cofer, W.R.; Shugart, H.H.; Sukhinin, A.I.; Stackhouse, P.W.; McRae, D.J.; Conard, S.G.

[Text] / A. J. Soja [et al.] // Int. J. Remote Sens. - 2004. - Vol. 25, Is. 10. - P1939-1960, DOI 10.1080/01431160310001609725. - Cited References: 70 . - 22. - ISSN 0143-1161РУБ Remote Sensing + Imaging Science & Photographic Technology

Аннотация: Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) data are used to produce an active-fire detection product for the fire season in 1999 and 2000 and an area burned product for 1996-2000. The distribution of fire is presented ranging from the Urals in the west to the eastern coast and from the semi-dry steppe regions in the south through the taiga in the north. A temporal and spatial pattern of fire is observed migrating from north of 40degrees N latitude in April to north of 60degrees N by mid-July. Fire is widespread in August, spanning the entire geographic range. In contrast to these patterns, no similar east-west migrations are discernible from these data. Peak active-fire counts are detected in early May between 50 and 55degrees N latitude in both 1999 and 2000. Wildfire in Russia is highly variable, both annually and interannually, with differences in reported area burned ranging from 0.234 to 13.3 million hectares per year. Comparing Russian fire statistics to satellite-based data from this investigation and previous works, we find area burned in Russia may be commonly underestimated by an average of 213%. Underestimates of this magnitude could strongly affect emissions estimates and climate change research.

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Univ Virginia, Dept Environm Sci, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA
Russian Acad Sci, Sukachev Forest Inst, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia
Terra Syst Res, Williamsburg, VA 23185 USA
NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA

Доп.точки доступа:
Soja, A.J.; Sukhinin, A.I.; Cahoon, D.R.; Shugart, H.H.; Stackhouse, P.W.

[Text] / A. . Osawa, A. P. Abaimov // Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. - 2001. - Vol. 31, Is. 5. - P910-918, DOI 10.1139/cjfr-31-5-910. - Cited References: 23 . - 9. - ISSN 0045-5067РУБ Forestry

Аннотация: Reconstruction of the size distribution of trees in stands provides critical information for assessing the effects of environmental changes on forests and for forest management. For furthering a method of such reconstruction, feasibility of estimating size distribution in stem volume from measurement of the largest trees was examined for even-aged pure stands of Pinus banksiana Lamb.and Larix gmelinii (Rupr.) Rupr. We tested what percentage of the largest trees should be included in obtaining a frequency distribution in stem volume that is not statistically different from the observed size distribution patterns. The -3/2 power, beta-type, and adjusted beta-type distribution functions were applied. Comparison of the observed stem frequencies and those estimated from measurement of the largest trees in a stand suggested that (i) the -3/2 power distribution, beta-type distribution, or adjusted beta-type distribution may be used for reconstruction of stem size variation in pure stands, if the overall size variation could be approximated by one of these functions; (ii) we can be at least 95% sure that the tree size pattern be expressed successfully with the -3/2 power distribution with tree samples of only the largest 20% in the stand, or with the beta-type distribution with the largest 30% in the stand; and (iii) the reliability decreases somewhat for the adjusted beta-type distribution. The second observation implies that reconstruction of the temporal changes in stand structure may be reliable up to the time when the stand density was about five times that of the trees used for fitting the -3/2 power distribution curve. Reliability may be warranted up to the stand density of about three times as the number of trees used for fitting the beta-type distribution. Other considerations and limitations are also discussed.

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Держатели документа:
Ryukoku Univ, Fac Intercultural Commun, Ohtsu, Shiga 5202194, Japan
Russian Acad Sci, VN Sukachev Inst Forest, Siberian Branch, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia

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Osawa, A...; Abaimov, A.P.

[Text] / S. G. Conard, G. A. Ivanova // Environ. Pollut. - 1997. - Vol. 98, Is. 3. - P305-313, DOI 10.1016/S0269-7491(97)00140-1. - Cited References: 41 . - 9. - ISSN 0269-7491РУБ Environmental Sciences

Аннотация: Most of the research about the effects of the release of carbon and other chemicals to the atmosphere during forest fir es focuses on emissions from crown fires or slash fires in which a high percentage of the fine fuels are burned However, in many temper-ate and boreal conifer ecosystems, surface fires of varying intensities and severities are an important part of the fire regime. In Russia a large percentage of the area burned in a typical year is in surface fires, which will result in lower carbon emissions than crown fires because of lower fuel consumption. lit Russian boreal for est, different distribution patterns of fire severity across the landscape could produce fourfold differences in carbon release. Furthermore, tree mortality after surface fires is often quite extensive, leading to a pulse in carbon release as needles and other fine fuels fall to the ground and decompose. With extensive tree mortality a decrease in carbon sequestration is expected for several years, until stand level photosynthesis returns to prefire levels. Perhaps the largest potential source of error in estimates of carbon release from biomass fires in Russia is inaccuracy in estimates of burned area. Many published estimates of annual burned area in Russia may be extremely low. On the basis of information on fire return intervals and area of boreal forest, 12 million ha per year may be a reasonable conservative estimate of burned area until better data are available. Based on this estimate, direct and indirect fire-generated carbon emissions from boreal forests worldwide may exceed 20% of the estimated global emissions from biomass burning, making them an important component in understanding global atmospheric chemistry. In considering effects of fire an global atmospheric chemistry, it is important to include the effects of fire severity, postfire mortality, decomposition of fine fuels, and changing postfire vegetation structure as components of fire-induced changes in ecosystem-level carbon flux. But the most important factor may be accurate information on the annual area burned. Levels of carbon storage are likely to be highly sensitive to changes in fire return intervals that result from direct human activities and from climatic changes, making accurate assessments of burned areas and fire severity critical. Strong fire management programs will be key to managing future fire regimes and carbon cycling in Russia's boreal forest. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd.

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Держатели документа:
US Forest Serv, Washington, DC 20250 USA
Russian Acad Sci, Sukachev Forest Inst, Akademgorodok 660036, Krasnoyarsk, Russia

Доп.точки доступа:
Conard, S.G.; Ivanova, G.A.

[Text] / K. R. Briffa [et al.] // Nature. - 1998. - Vol. 391, Is. 6668. - P678-682, DOI 10.1038/35596. - Cited References: 30 . - 5. - ISSN 0028-0836РУБ Multidisciplinary Sciences

Аннотация: Tree-ring chronologies that represent annual changes in the density of wood formed during the late summer can provide a proxy for local summertime air temperature(1). Here we undertake an examination of large-regional-scale wood-density/air-temperature relationships using measurements from hundreds of sites at high latitudes in the Northern Hemisphere. When averaged over large areas of northern America and Eurasia, tree-ring density series display a strong coherence with summer temperature measurements averaged over the same areas, demonstrating the ability of this proxy to portray mean temperature changes over sub-continents and even the whole Northern Hemisphere. During the second half of the twentieth century, the decadal-scale trends in wood density and summer temperatures have increasingly diverged as wood density has progressively fallen. The cause of this increasing insensitivity of wood density to temperature changes is not known, but if it is not taken into account in dendroclimatic reconstructions, past temperatures could be overestimated. Moreover, the recent reduction in the response of trees to air-temperature changes would mean that estimates of future atmospheric CO2 concentrations, based on carbon-cycle models that are uniformly sensitive to high-latitude warming, could be too low.

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Держатели документа:
Univ E Anglia, Climat Res Unit, Norwich NR4 7TJ, Norfolk, England
Swiss Fed Inst Forest Snow & Landscape Res, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
Russian Acad Sci, Inst Plant & Anim Ecol, Ural Branch, Ekaterinburg 620219, Russia
Russian Acad Sci, Inst Forest, Siberian Branch, Krasnoyarsk, Russia

Доп.точки доступа:
Briffa, K.R.; Schweingruber, F.H.; Jones, P.D.; Osborn, T.J.; Shiyatov, S.G.; Vaganov, E.A.