Труды сотрудников ИЛ им. В.Н. Сукачева СО РАН

[Текст] / D. L. Grodnitsky // Zhurnal Obshchei Biol. - 2001. - Vol. 62, Is. 2. - С. 99-109. - Cited References: 108 . - 11. - ISSN 0044-4596РУБ Biology

Аннотация: There are two evolutionary theories in current biology-"modem synthesis" and "epigenetic theory". The first one is based on the assumption of hard correspondence between phenotypes and genotypes. For this reason the theory of modem synthesis is principally incompatible with developmental biology. In contrast, the epigenetic theory considers evolution as a process of environmentally controlled transformation of ontogeny. It is compatible with observed embryological regularities and used as a basis for wider evolutionary synthesis combining both Darwinian and Lamarckian mechanisms. Individual developmental system can generate only a constrained number of morphologic states. This circumstance is a nomogenetic component of the epigenetic theory: the same morphosis simultaneously appears in a number of individuals in response to environmental influence. Since the initial phenotypic change occurs to be not random, a meeting of a female and a male with the same morphosis is an event of sufficiently high probability. The nomogenetic component allows to get over the famous argument of F. Jenkin-a problem that is still difficult to explain in terms of the theory of modem synthesis.

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Держатели документа:
Russian Acad Sci, Sukachev Inst Forest Res, Siberian Branch, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia

Доп.точки доступа:
Grodnitsky, D.L.

[Текст] / D. L. GRODNITSKY // Zool. Zhurnal. - 1993. - Vol. 72, Is. 7. - С. 84-94. - Cited References: 48 . - 11. - ISSN 0044-5134РУБ Zoology

Аннотация: Vertical and horizontal periodic movements of the body following each wing stroke were investigated in three butterfly species during their free flight in a transparent cage. Distribution of the movements along the stroke cycle shows that specimens climb during downstroke, supination, and upstroke. Pronation of the wings in the top of their trajectory (Weis-Fogh's clap-and-fling mechanisms) is followed by height reduction. The horizontal distance that insects cover during pronation and downstroke exceeded mean value and it was less than the mean value during supination and upstroke. The data acquired suggest that distributions in lift and thrust along a stroke cycle are characterized by sinusoid-like curves as a first approximation. Maximal lift is generated during the end of each downstroke, while the maximal thrust coincides in time with the end of the upstroke and the clap of the wings. A new non-steady mechanism of aerodynamic force generation is proposed. The mechanism is connected with air throwing off the flapping planes during their pronation and supination. Horizontal flight speed is negatively correlated with the angle between the body and the horizon, but does not depend on wing beat frequency. A hypothesis is suggested that insect flapping flight power regulation system includes a finite number of stable kinematic patterns each corresponding to a particular flight mode and characterized by specific values of intimately correlated stroke parameters.


Доп.точки доступа:
GRODNITSKY, D.L.