Труды сотрудников ИЛ им. В.Н. Сукачева СО РАН

/ M. I. Makarov [et al.] // Eurasian Soil Sci. - 2013. - Vol. 46, Is. 7. - P778-787, DOI 10.1134/S1064229313070053. - Cited References: 32. - This study was supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (project no. 10-04-00780). . - 10. - ISSN 1064-2293РУБ Soil Science

Аннотация: The drying of samples of mountain-meadow soils characterized by their permanently high moisture under natural conditions fundamentally changes the concentrations of the labile nitrogen and carbon compounds, as well as the patterns of their microbial transformation. When the soil samples are dried, a four- to fivefold increase in the content of the extractable organic nitrogen compounds, carbon compounds, and inorganic nitrogen compounds is observed, while the content of nitrogen and carbon of the microbial biomass decreases by two-three times. The rewetting of the dried soil launches the process of the replenishment of the nitrogen and carbon reserves in the microbial biomass. However, even after two weeks of incubation, their values were 1.5-2 times lower than the initial values typical of the natural soil. The restoration of the microbial community in the samples of the previously dried soils occurs in the absence of a deficiency of labile organic compounds and is accompanied by their active mineralization and the low uptake of ammonium nitrogen by the microorganisms.

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Держатели документа:
Makarov, M. I.
Mulyukova, O. S.
Malysheva, T. I.] Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Fac Soil Sci, Moscow 119992, Russia
[Menyailo, O. V.] Russian Acad Sci, Siberian Branch, Sukachev Inst Forestry, Krasnoyarsk, Russia

Доп.точки доступа:
Makarov, M.I.; Mulyukova, O.S.; Malysheva, T.I.; Menyailo, O.V.

/ M. I. Makarov [et al.] // Eurasian Soil Sci. - 2013. - Vol. 46, Is. 4. - P369-374, DOI 10.1134/S1064229313040091. - Cited References: 33. - This study was supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (project no. 10-04-00780). . - 6. - ISSN 1064-2293РУБ Soil Science

Аннотация: The general pattern of the changes in the solubility of the labile carbon and nitrogen compounds with the changes in the concentration of the salt extractant (0.05 and 0.5 M K2SO4) has been determined for soils differing in their acidity and in their contents of organic matter and nitrogen. Different forms of extracted compounds react differently to changes in the salt concentration. The solubility of inorganic nitrogen compounds (and) does not depend on the concentration of K2SO4. In most cases, the carbon and nitrogen of the microbial biomass manifest a tendency for increasing extractability with an increase in the concentration of the K2SO4 solution. A fundamental difference is characteristic of the organic carbon and nitrogen compounds, the solubility of which in 0.5 M K2SO4 increases in different soils by 1.5-3.9 times in comparison with their solubility in 0.05 M K2SO4.

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Держатели документа:
[Makarov, M. I.
Shuleva, M. S.
Malysheva, T. I.] Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Fac Soil Sci, Moscow 119991, Russia
[Menyailo, O. V.] Russian Acad Sci, Sukachev Forest Inst, Siberian Branch, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia

Доп.точки доступа:
Makarov, M.I.; Shuleva, M.S.; Malysheva, T.I.; Menyailo, O.V.

/ V. I. Kharuk [et al.] // For. Ecol. Manage. - 2013. - Vol. 289. - P385-392, DOI 10.1016/j.foreco.2012.10.024. - Cited References: 40. - This research was supported by the SB RAS Program No. 30.3.33, and NASA Science Mission Directorate, Terrestrial Ecology Program. The authors thank Dr. Joanne Howl for editing the manuscript. . - 8. - ISSN 0378-1127РУБ Forestry

Аннотация: The Trans-Baikal (or Zabailkal'e) region includes the forest-steppe ecotones south and east of Lake Baikal in Russia and has experienced drought for several years. The decline and mortality of birch (Betula pendula) stands within the forest-steppe ecotone Trans-Baikal region was studied based on a temporal series of satellite data, ground measurements, and tree ring analysis. During the first decade of the 21st century birch stands decline and mortality were observed on about 5% of the total area of stands within our 1250 km(2) study area. Birch forest decline and mortality occurs mainly at the margins of stands, within the forest-steppe ecotone on slopes with direct insolation. During the first decade of the 21st century summer (June-August) precipitation was about 25% below normal. Soil water content measurements were lowest within dead stands and highest within healthy stands and intermediate within damaged stands. Drought impact on stands was amplified by an increase in summer air temperatures (+0.9 degrees C) in comparison with the previous decade. Tree ring data of "surviving" and "dead" tree groups showed a positive correlation with summer/annual precipitation and negative correlation with summer air temperatures. Temperature and precipitation extreme anomalies tend to occur in the region with a period of about 27 years. The observed anomaly was the most severe since the beginning of meteorological observations in the year 1900. Data for the other sites showed a positive climate impact on the growth and expansion of Siberian forests. That is, the same species (B. pendula) showed considerable increase (1.4 times both in height and stem volume) during 20th-21st centuries as temperature increased but precipitation remained at adequate levels. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

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Держатели документа:
[Kharuk, V. I.
Oskorbin, P. A.
Im, S. T.
Dvinskaya, M. L.] VN Sukachev Inst Forest, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
[Kharuk, V. I.
Oskorbin, P. A.
Im, S. T.
Dvinskaya, M. L.] Siberian Fed Univ, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
[Ranson, K. J.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA

Доп.точки доступа:
Kharuk, V.I.; Ranson, K.J.; Oskorbin, P.A.; Im, S.T.; Dvinskaya, M.L.

[Text] / M. . Kawahigashi, A. . Prokushkin, H. . Sumida // Geoderma. - 2011. - Vol. 166, Is. 1. - P171-180, DOI 10.1016/j.geoderma.2011.07.027. - Cited References: 44. - This research was supported by the core to core program "Symptoms of Climate Change in Far-eastern Siberia", funded by the Japanese Society for Promotion of Science. The authors thank Alexander Kirdyanov, Tatiana Bugaenko, Svetlana Evgrafova for support in sample collection and preparation. . - 10. - ISSN 0016-7061РУБ Soil Science

Аннотация: To evaluate the effects of forest fire and post-fire stand recovery on the organic layer chemistry and solute release within mound and trough microrelief elements (termed earth hummock microtopography) that mainly distribute permafrost affected area, we chose five fire plots (larch forests burned in 1951, 1981, 1990, 1994 and 2005) paired with adjacent control plots in mature larch forests in Central Siberian permafrost terrain. We determined total carbon, nitrogen and ash content in solid organic soils, and analyzed total carbon, nitrogen, bases and major anions in water extracts. There was a significant correlation between water-extracted organic carbon (WEOC) and total carbon (kg m(-2)) in area basis, implying that the quantity of total carbon was a major factor in WEOC production. WEOC correlated negatively with pH, indicating strong control by organic horizons (organic solute leaching) on soil acidity and base cation dynamics. The sum of water extractable base cations was also correlated significantly to total carbon, indicating that cations can be released through organic matter decomposition. Organic horizons in troughs in burned plots released greater amounts of Ca, Mg and K than those in mounds, probably due to greater content of organic matter as a cation source. Anions including nitrate and phosphate and WEOC also accumulated in trough depressions, due probably to organic matter degradation. The contrasting distribution of solutes between mounds and troughs in burned plots seems to be controlled by organic horizon development via changes in microtopography after forest fires. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

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Держатели документа:
[Kawahigashi, Masayuki
Sumida, Hiroaki] Nihon Univ, Coll Bioresource Sci, Kanagawa 2520880, Japan
[Prokushkin, Anatoly] Russian Acad Sci, Sukachev Inst Forest, Siberian Branch, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia

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Kawahigashi, M...; Prokushkin, A...; Sumida, H...

[Text] / O. V. Masyagina, S. G. Prokushkin, T. . Koike // Eurasian Soil Sci. - 2010. - Vol. 43, Is. 6. - P693-700, DOI 10.1134/S1064229310060104. - Cited References: 26. - The authors thank Prof. Takashi and Prof. Lai Qu from Hokkaido University for help in collecting the material. This study was supported by the Global Environmental Research Foundation of the Ministry of Environment of Japan and by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (project nos. 03-04-48037 and 07-04-96812). . - 8. - ISSN 1064-2293РУБ Soil Science

Аннотация: The effects of cutting on the ecological conditions and soil respiration in larch forests of Japan were studied. The cutting was found to significantly change the soil surface, resulting in the high spatial and temporal variation of the hydrothermal conditions and soil respiration. The influence of a stand's thinning on the environment and soil respiration is considered using the example of the thinning of a ripening larch stand in the Tomakomai National Forest (Hokkaido Island, Japan). The changes in the hydrothermal conditions (the temperature and moisture of the mineral soil layers and litter) and some other factors (the root and litter density and the C/N ratio) after the thinning of the stands and their influence on the soil respiration were studied. The soil respiration in the thinned forest site did not differ from that on the control plot, whereas the soil temperature was much higher in the former. The moisture of the soil mineral layers and the litter was the same. Despite the latter fact, no significant relationships between the soil respiration and its temperature and moisture were found. In the area covered with the thinned forest, the water content of the litter turned out to be the main microclimatic factor affecting the soil respiration. There, the fine roots and litter density were 18 and 15 % less, respectively. The thinning of the stand induced high variation of the soil respiration and temperature, as well as of the fine roots and the litter density. On the whole, the soil respiration in the larch forest studied in Japan was determined by the litter stock and the C to N ratio.

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Держатели документа:
[Masyagina, O. V.
Prokushkin, S. G.] Russian Acad Sci, Siberian Branch, Sukachev Inst Forestry, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia
[Masyagina, O. V.
Koike, T.] Hokkaido Univ, Sapporo, Hokkaido 0608589, Japan

Доп.точки доступа:
Masyagina, O.V.; Prokushkin, S.G.; Koike, T...

[Text] / V. I. Kharuk [et al.] // Scand. J. Forest Res. - 2010. - Vol. 25, Is. 5. - P446-454, DOI 10.1080/02827581.2010.509329. - Cited References: 47. - This research was supported by the NASA Science Mission Directorate, Terrestrial Ecology Program, Siberian Branch Russian Academy of Science Program 23.3.33 and grant MK-2497.2009.5. The authors thank Dr V. Miglan for help with the dendrochronology analysis and Dr Joanne Howl for editing this manuscript. . - 9. - ISSN 0282-7581РУБ Forestry

Аннотация: The elevational tree-line change within the transitional zone between boreal forest and Mongolian steppes was quantified for the last millennium. The basic approach included studies along transects and measurements of tree-line positions to identify current, historical, refugee and regeneration tree lines. Tree mortality and natality were determined based on dendrochronology analysis. Tree mortality in the sixteenth to eighteenth centuries coincided with the Little Ice Age, while tree establishment was stimulated by warming at the end of nineteenth century. Downward shifts in tree line varied by an order of magnitude. The current tree-line position reoccupied the historical tree line in some transects, and was below or above the historical line in others. The regeneration line surpassed the historical tree line by 91 +/- 46 m (mean +/- SD). Such a heterogeneous response was attributed to local topoclimatic conditions and sapling recruitment efficiency. A mean annual 1 degrees C increase in temperature was associated with an upward shift of the tree line by about 70 m. The upward migration rate of the current tree line was about 0.8 m year-1 during the last century. The regeneration migration rate was about 2.3 m year-1 over the past three decades. Finally, the transformation of krummholz forms of larch and Siberian pine into arborescent form was documented.

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Держатели документа:
[Kharuk, Vyacheslav I.
Im, Sergey T.
Dvinskaya, Maria L.] VN Sukachev Inst Forest SB RAS, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia
[Ranson, Kenneth J.] NASAs Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA

Доп.точки доступа:
Kharuk, V.I.; Im, S.T.; Dvinskaya, M.L.; Ranson, K.J.

[Text] / A. . Rodionov [et al.] // Eur. J. Soil Sci. - 2007. - Vol. 58, Is. 6. - P1260-1272, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2389.2007.00919.x. - Cited References: 44 . - 13. - ISSN 1351-0754РУБ Soil Science

Аннотация: Soils of the high latitudes are expected to respond sensitively to climate change, but still little is known about carbon and nitrogen variability in them. We investigated the 0.44-km(2) Little Grawijka Creek catchment of the forest tundra ecotone (northern Krasnoyarsk Krai, Russian Federation) in order (i) to relate the active-layer thickness to controlling environmental factors, (ii) to quantify soil organic carbon (SOC) and total nitrogen (NT) stocks, and (iii) to assess their variability with respect to different landscape units. The catchment was mapped on a 50 x 50 m grid for topography, dominant tree and ground vegetation, organic-layer and moss-layer thickness, and active-layer thickness. At each grid point, bulk density, and SOC and NT concentrations were determined for depth increments. At three selected plots, 2-m deep soil cores were taken and analysed for SOC, NT and C-14. A shallow active layer was found in intact raised bogs at plateaux situations and in mineral soils of north-northeast (NNE) aspect. Good drainage and greater solar insolation on the south-southwest (SSW) slopes are reflected in deeper active layers or lack of permafrost. Organic carbon stocks to a soil depth of 90 cm varied between 5 and 95 kg m(-2). The greatest stocks were found in the intact raised bogs and on the NNE slopes. Canonical correspondence analysis indicates the dominant role of active-layer thickness for SOC and NT storage. The 2-m soil cores suggest that permafrost soils store about the same amount of SOC from 90 to 200 cm as in the upper 90 cm. Most of this deep SOC pool was formed in the mid-Holocene (organic soils) and the late Pleistocene (mineral soils). Our results showed that even within a small catchment of the forest tundra, active-layer thickness and, hence, SOC and NT storage vary greatly within the landscape mosaic. This has to be taken into account when using upscaling methods such as remote sensing for assessing SOC and NT storage and cycling at a regional to continental level.

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Держатели документа:
Univ Halle Wittenberg, Inst Agr & Ernahrungswissensch, D-06108 Halle, Germany
Univ Gottingen, Inst Bodenkunde & Waldernahrung, D-37077 Gottingen, Germany
Max Planck Inst Biogeochem, D-07745 Jena, Germany
SB RAS, Field Stn Igarka Permafrost Inst Yakutsk, Igarka 663200, Russia
SB RAS, VN Sukachev Inst Forest, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia

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Rodionov, A...; Flessa, H...; Grabe, M...; Kazansky, O.A.; Shibistova, O...; Guggenberger, G...

[Text] / A. S. Prokushkin [et al.] // Glob. Biogeochem. Cycle. - 2007. - Vol. 21, Is. 4. - Ст. GB4003, DOI 10.1029/2007GB002938. - Cited References: 39 . - 12. - ISSN 0886-6236РУБ Environmental Sciences + Geosciences, Multidisciplinary + Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences

Аннотация: Terrestrial and aquatic dissolved organic matter (DOM) was characterized to trace the likely processes of DOM formation and stream export in a permafrost-dominated watershed in central Siberia. Stream samples were collected in spring (May-June 2003) and summer (July-August 2003) at both low flow and stormflow. Dissolved organic matter was analyzed by pyrolysis/gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, and identified pyrolysis products were simultaneously analyzed for compound-specific isotope ratios by isotope ratio mass spectrometry. Pyrograms of terrestrial and stream DOM contained a similar series of pyrolysis products, suggesting a terrestrial origin for DOM in the small stream draining our study catchment. However, despite the overall similarity of chemical composition of stream DOM at different seasons, we also observed distinct differences in isotopic fingerprint between seasons and hydrologic phases ( stormflow versus low flow). This variation appears to be due to the changing origin of stream DOM from different soil layers and the catchment sources following permafrost thawing during the frost-free period. In general, chemical and isotopic composition of stream DOM was similar to DOM produced in soils of colder north facing slopes ( P 0.01) with a shallow active layer. South facing slopes with deeper active layers produce little DOM that enters the stream, suggesting that DOM produced in the active layer is retained and stabilized in underlying, unfrozen mineral soils. Climate change that results in additional seasonal thawing of permafrost-dominated landscapes will decrease the amount of DOM exported to riverine systems and change its chemical composition.

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Держатели документа:
Russian Acad Sci, VN Sukachev Inst Forest, Siberian Branch, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia
Max Planck Inst Biogeochem, D-07745 Jena, Germany
Univ New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824 USA

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Prokushkin, A.S.; Gleixner, G...; McDowell, W.H.; Ruehlow, S...; Schulze, E.D.

[Text] / T. . Kajimoto [et al.] // J. For. Res. - 2007. - Vol. 12, Is. 2. - P103-112, DOI 10.1007/s10310-006-0259-y. - Cited References: 49 . - 10. - ISSN 1341-6979РУБ Forestry

Аннотация: We present results of individual-based root system measurement and analysis applied for Larix gmelinii trees growing on the continuous permafrost region of central Siberia. The data of root excavation taken from the three stands were used for the analyses; young (26 years old), mature (105 years old), and uneven-aged over-mature stand (220 years old). In this article, we highlight two topics: (1) factors affecting spatio-temporal pattern of root system development, and (2) interactions between aboveground (i.e., crown) and belowground (i.e., root) competition. For the first topic, the detailed observation of lateral roots was applied to one sample tree of the overmature stand. The tree constructed a superficial (< 30 cm in depth) and rather asymmetric root system, and each lateral root expanded mainly into elevated mounds rather than depressed troughs. This indicated that spatial development of an individual root system was largely affected by microtopography (i.e., earth hummocks). For these lateral roots, elongation growth curves were reconstructed using annual-ring data, and annual growth rates and patterns were compared among them. The comparison suggested that temporal root system development is associated with differences in carbon allocation among the lateral roots. For the second topic, we examined relationships between individual crown projection area (CA) and horizontal rooting area (RA) for the sample trees of each stand. RA was almost equal to CA in the young stand, while RA was much larger (three or four times) than CA in the mature and overmature stands. Two measures of stand-level space occupation, crown area index (aboveground: CAI; sum of CAs per unit land area) and rooting area index (belowground: RAI; sum of RAs), were estimated in each stand. The estimates of RA1 (1.3-1.8 m(2) m(-2)) exceeded unity in all stands. In contrast, CAI exceeded unity (1.3 m(2) m(-2)) only in the young stand, and was much smaller (< 0.3 m(2) m(-2)) in the two older stands. These between-stand differences in RAI-CAI relationships suggest that intertree competition for both aboveground and belowground spaces occurred in the young stand, but only belowground competition still occurred in the two older stands. Based on this finding, we hypothesized that competition below the ground may become predominant as a stand ages in L. gmelinii forests. Methodological limitations of our analysis are also discussed, especially for the analysis using the two indices of space occupation (CAI, RAI).

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Forestry & Forest Prod Res Inst, Kyushu Res Ctr, Kumamoto 8600862, Japan
Ryukoku Univ, Fac Intercultural Commun, Otsu, Shiga, Japan
Forestry & Forest Prod Res Inst, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan
Russian Acad Sci, VN Sukachev Inst Forest, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
Kyoto Univ, Fac Agr, Kyoto, Japan
Kyoto Univ, Field Sci Educ & Res Ctr, Kyoto, Japan
Okayama Univ, Grad Sch Environm Sci, Okayama 7008530, Japan

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Kajimoto, T...; Osawa, A...; Matsuura, Y...; Abaimov, A.P.; Zyryanova, O.A.; Kondo, K...; Tokuchi, N...; Hirobe, M...

[Text] / A. . Osawa, A. P. Abaimov // Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. - 2001. - Vol. 31, Is. 5. - P910-918, DOI 10.1139/cjfr-31-5-910. - Cited References: 23 . - 9. - ISSN 0045-5067РУБ Forestry

Аннотация: Reconstruction of the size distribution of trees in stands provides critical information for assessing the effects of environmental changes on forests and for forest management. For furthering a method of such reconstruction, feasibility of estimating size distribution in stem volume from measurement of the largest trees was examined for even-aged pure stands of Pinus banksiana Lamb.and Larix gmelinii (Rupr.) Rupr. We tested what percentage of the largest trees should be included in obtaining a frequency distribution in stem volume that is not statistically different from the observed size distribution patterns. The -3/2 power, beta-type, and adjusted beta-type distribution functions were applied. Comparison of the observed stem frequencies and those estimated from measurement of the largest trees in a stand suggested that (i) the -3/2 power distribution, beta-type distribution, or adjusted beta-type distribution may be used for reconstruction of stem size variation in pure stands, if the overall size variation could be approximated by one of these functions; (ii) we can be at least 95% sure that the tree size pattern be expressed successfully with the -3/2 power distribution with tree samples of only the largest 20% in the stand, or with the beta-type distribution with the largest 30% in the stand; and (iii) the reliability decreases somewhat for the adjusted beta-type distribution. The second observation implies that reconstruction of the temporal changes in stand structure may be reliable up to the time when the stand density was about five times that of the trees used for fitting the -3/2 power distribution curve. Reliability may be warranted up to the stand density of about three times as the number of trees used for fitting the beta-type distribution. Other considerations and limitations are also discussed.

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Держатели документа:
Ryukoku Univ, Fac Intercultural Commun, Ohtsu, Shiga 5202194, Japan
Russian Acad Sci, VN Sukachev Inst Forest, Siberian Branch, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia

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Osawa, A...; Abaimov, A.P.

[Text] / K. . Mokany, R. J. Raison, A. S. Prokushkin // Glob. Change Biol. - 2006. - Vol. 12, Is. 1. - P84-96, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2005.001043.x. - Cited References: 39 . - 13. - ISSN 1354-1013РУБ Biodiversity Conservation + Ecology + Environmental Sciences

Аннотация: One of the most common descriptors of the relationship between root and shoot biomass is the root : shoot ratio, which has become a core method for estimating root biomass from the more easily measured shoot biomass. Previous reviews have examined root : shoot ratio data, but have only considered particular vegetation types and have not always critically reviewed the data used. Reliable root : shoot ratios are needed for a wide range of vegetation types in order to improve the accuracy of root biomass estimates, including those required for estimating the effects of land management and land use change in National Greenhouse Gas Inventories. This study reviewed root : shoot ratios in terrestrial biomes. A key facet of our analysis was a critical methodological review, through which unreliable data were identified and omitted on the basis of specific criteria. Of the 786 root : shoot ratio observations collated, 62% were omitted because of inadequate or unverifiable root sampling methods. When only the reliable data were examined, root : shoot ratios were found to be negatively related to shoot biomass, mean annual precipitation, mean annual temperature, forest stand age, and forest stand height. Although a single allometric equation derived in this study reliably predicted root biomass from shoot biomass for forests and woodlands, in general, the use of vegetation-specific root : shoot ratios were found to be a more accurate method for predicting root biomass. When the root : shoot ratio data collated here were applied to an analysis of the global carbon budget, there was a 50% increase in estimated global root carbon stock, and a 12% increase in estimated total carbon stock of terrestrial vegetation. The use of the vegetation-specific root : shoot ratios presented in this study is likely to substantially improve the accuracy of root biomass estimates for purposes such as carbon accounting and for studies of ecosystem dynamics.

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Cooperat Res Ctr Greenhouse Accounting, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
CSIRO Forestry & Forest Prod, Kingston, ACT 2604, Australia
Russian Acad Sci, Siberian Branch, Sukachev Inst Forest, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia

Доп.точки доступа:
Mokany, K...; Raison, R.J.; Prokushkin, A.S.

[Text] / L. V. Mukhortova [et al.] // Biol. Bull. - 2009. - Vol. 36, Is. 1. - P58-65, DOI 10.1134/S1062359009010099. - Cited References: 42. - This study was supported by the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation and the Civic Research and Development Foundation, United States (grant RUX0-002-KR-06); the program "Basic Research and Higher Education" (project no. BRHE Y4-B-02-06); the German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD) (grant A/05/05326); and the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (project nos. 06-04-90596-BNTS-a, 07-04-00515-a, and 07-04-00293-a). . - 8. - ISSN 1062-3590РУБ Biology

Аннотация: Changes in the composition of wood organic matter in dead-standing spruce and larch trees depending on the period after their death have been studied in the north of Central Siberia. The period after tree death has been estimated by means of cross-dating. The results show that changes in the composition of wood organic matter in 63% of cases are contingent on tree species. Wood decomposition in dead-standing trees is accompanied by an increase in the contents of alkali-soluble organic compounds. Lignin oxidation in larch begins approximately 80 years after tree death, whereas its transformation in spruce begins not earlier than after 100 years. In the forest-tundra of Central Siberia, the rate of wood organic matter transformation in dead-standing trees is one to two orders of magnitude lower than in fallen wood, which accounts for their role as a long-term store of carbon and mineral elements in these ecosystems.

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[Mukhortova, L. V.
Kirdyanov, A. V.] Russian Acad Sci, Akademgorodok, Sukachev Inst Forest, Siberian Branch, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia
[Myglan, V. S.] Siberian Fed Univ, Svobodnyi pr 79, Krasnoyarsk 660041, Russia
[Mukhortova, L. V.
Kirdyanov, A. V.] Russian Acad Sci, Siberian Branch, Sukachev Inst Forest, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia
[Myglan, V. S.] Siberian Fed Univ, Krasnoyarsk 660041, Russia
[Guggenberger, G.] Univ Halle Wittenberg, Inst Agrar & Ernahrungswissensch, D-06108 Halle, Germany

Доп.точки доступа:
Mukhortova, L.V.; Kirdyanov, A.V.; Myglan, V.S.; Guggenberger, G...; Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation; Civic Research and Development Foundation, United States [RUX0-002-KR-06]; Basic Research and Higher Education [BRHE Y4-B-02-06]; German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD) [A/05/05326]; Russian Foundation for Basic Research [06-04-90596-BNTS-a, 07-04-00515-a, 07-04-00293-a]

[Text] / T. T. Efremova, A. F. Avrova, S. P. Efremov // Contemp. Probl. Ecol. - 2013. - Vol. 6, Is. 5. - P569-577, DOI 10.1134/S199542551305003X. - Cited References: 21. - This work was supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research, project no. 08-04-92501 . - 9. - ISSN 1995-4255РУБ Ecology

Аннотация: There are six morphogenetic types of forest ground litter in the gradient of big grass-sphagnous-dead litter marsh birch forest: deeply degraded litter, half degraded litter, rhizomatous litter (coarsely degraded), peaty litter, turfy-formed litter, and turfy litter. The specificity of their biochemical transformations is caused by the accumulation of humic acids (HA), especially of the first fraction (HA-1), alongside the relatively steady background formation of fulvic acids. The C/N value suggests that the intensity of HA-1 formation is closely associated with the biological activity of the substrate. However, the indistinct difference of these parameters in the forestry-morphological types of litters limits their diagnostic reliability. Grouped biochemical types of litters, such as "soft" (half- and deeply degraded), "intermediate" (rhizomatous, peaty and turfy-formed), and "coarse" (mossy), are considerably discriminated by both the C/N ratio (20, 30, 40) and the level of HA-1 (14, 10, and 6%) respectively.

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Держатели документа:
[Efremova, T. T.
Avrova, A. F.
Efremov, S. P.] Russian Acad Sci, Siberian Branch, Sukachev Inst Forestry, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia

Доп.точки доступа:
Efremova, T. T.; Avrova, A. F.; Аврова, Ада Федоровна; Efremov, S. P.; Russian Foundation for Basic Research [08-04-92501]

[Text] / O. V. Menyailo, B. A. Hungate ; ed.: D Binkley, Binkley, // NATO Sci. Series IV Earth Environ. Sciences : SPRINGER, 2005. - Vol. 55: NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Trees and Soil Interactions, Implications to Global Climate Change (AUG, 2004, Krasnoyarsk, RUSSIA). - P293-305. - Cited References: 23 . - 13. - ISBN 1568-1238. - ISBN 1-4020-3445-8РУБ Forestry + Geosciences, Multidisciplinary + Soil Science

Аннотация: Changes in tree species composition could affect how forests produce and consume greenhouse gases, because the soil microorganisms that carry out these biogeochemical transformations are often sensitive to plant characteristics. We examined the effects of thirty years of stand development under six tree species in Siberian forests (Scots pine, spruce, arolla pine, larch, aspen and birch) on potential rates Of Soil CO2 production, N2O reduction and N2O production during denitrification, and CH4 oxidation. Because many of these activities relate to soil N turnover, we also measured net nitrification and N mineralization. Overall, the effects of tree species were more pronounced on N2O and CH4 fluxes than on CO2 production. Tree species altered substrate-induced respiration (SIR) and basal respiration, but the differences were not as large as those observed for N transformations. Tree species caused similar effects on denitrification potential, net N mineralization, and net nitrification, but effects on N2O reduction were idiosyncratic, resulting in a decoupling of N2O production and reduction. CH4 oxidation was affected by tree species, but these effects depended on soil moisture: increasing soil moisture enhanced CH4 oxidation under some tree species but decreased it under others. If global warming causes deciduous species to replace coniferous species, our results suggest that Siberian forests would support soil microbial communities with enhanced potential to consume CH4 but also to produce more N2O. Future predictions of CH4 uptake and N2O efflux in boreal and temperate forests need to consider changes in tree species composition together with changes in soil moisture regimes.

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Держатели документа:
SB RAS, Inst Forest, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia

Доп.точки доступа:
Menyailo, O.V.; Hungate, B.A.; Binkley, D \ed.\; Binkley, \ed.\

[Text] / O. V. Menyailo, B. A. Hungate, W. . Zech // Plant Soil. - 2002. - Vol. 242, Is. 2. - P171-182, DOI 10.1023/A:1016290802518. - Cited References: 30 . - 12. - ISSN 0032-079XРУБ Agronomy + Plant Sciences + Soil Science

Аннотация: Natural and human-induced changes in the composition of boreal forests will likely alter soil properties, but predicting these effects requires a better understanding of how individual forest species alter soils. We show that 30 years of experimental afforestation in Siberia caused species-specific changes in soil chemical properties, including pH, DOC, DON, Na+,NH4+, total C, C/N, Mn2+, and SO42-. Some of these properties-pH, total C, C/N, DOC, DON, Na+-also differed by soil depth, but we found no strong evidence for species-dependent effects on vertical differentiation of soil properties (i.e., no species x depth interaction). A number of soil properties-NO3-, N, Al3+, Ca2+, Fe3+, K+, Mg2+ and Cl- -responded to neither species nor depth. The six studied species may be clustered into three groups based on their effects on the soil properties. Scots pine and spruce had the lowest pH, highest C/N ratio and intermediate C content in soil. The other two coniferous species, Arolla pine and larch, had the highest soil C contents, highest pH values, and intermediate C/N ratios. Finally, the two deciduous hardwood species, aspen and birch, had the lowest C/N ratio, intermediate pH values, and lowest C content. These tree-mediated soil chemical changes are important for their likely effects on soil microbiological activities, including C and N mineralization and the production and consumption of greenhouse gases.

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Держатели документа:
Inst Forest SB RAS, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia
No Arizona Univ, Dept Sci Biol, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA
No Arizona Univ, Merriam Powell Ctr Environm Res, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA
Univ Bayreuth, Inst Soil Sci & Soil Geog, D-95447 Bayreuth, Germany

Доп.точки доступа:
Menyailo, O.V.; Hungate, B.A.; Zech, W...

[Text] / O. V. Menyailo, B. A. Hungate, W. . Zech // Plant Soil. - 2002. - Vol. 242, Is. 2. - P183-196, DOI 10.1023/A:1016245619357. - Cited References: 29 . - 14. - ISSN 0032-079XРУБ Agronomy + Plant Sciences + Soil Science

Аннотация: The effects of grassland conversion to forest vegetation and of individual tree species on microbial activity in Siberia are largely unstudied. Here, we examined the effects of the six most commonly dominant tree species in Siberian forests (Scots pine, spruce, Arolla pine, larch, aspen and birch) on soil C and N mineralization, N2O-reduction and N2O production during denitrification 30 years after planting. We also documented the effect of grassland conversion to different tree species on microbial activities at different soil depths and their relationships to soil chemical properties. The effects of tree species and grassland conversion were more pronounced on N than on C transformations. Tree species and grassland conversion did significantly alter substrate-induced respiration (SIR) and basal respiration, but the differences were not as large as those observed for N transformations. Variances in SIR and basal respiration within species were markedly lower than those in N transformations. Net N mineralization, net nitrification, and denitrification potential were highest under Arolla pine and larch, intermediate under deciduous aspen and birch, and lowest beneath spruce and Scots pine. Tree species caused similar effects on denitrification potential, net N mineralization, and net nitrification, but effects on N2O reduction rate were idiosyncratic, indicating a decoupling of N2O production and reduction. We predict that deciduous species should produce more N2O in the field than conifers, and that Siberian forests will produce more N2O if global climate change alters tree species composition. Basal respiration and SIR showed inverse responses to tree species: when basal respiration increased in response to a given tree species, SIR declined. SIR may have been controlled by NH4+ availability and related therefore to N mineralization, which was negatively affected by grassland conversion. Basal respiration appeared to be less limited by NH4+ and controlled mostly by readily available organic C (DOC), which was higher in concentration under forests than in grassland and therefore basal respiration was higher in forested soils. We conclude that in the Siberian artificial afforestation experiment, soil C mineralization was not limited by N.

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Держатели документа:
Inst Forest SB RAS, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia
No Arizona Univ, Dept Sci Biol, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA
No Arizona Univ, Merriam Powell Ctr Environm Res, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA
Univ Bayreuth, Inst Soil Sci & Soil Geog, D-95447 Bayreuth, Germany

Доп.точки доступа:
Menyailo, O.V.; Hungate, B.A.; Zech, W...

[Text] / P. Y. Groisman [et al.] // Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. - 2009. - Vol. 90, Is. 5. - P671-+, DOI 10.1175/2008BAMS2556.1. - Cited References: 78 . - 19. - ISSN 0003-0007РУБ Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences

Аннотация: Northern Eurasia, the largest land-mass in the northern extratropics, accounts for similar to 20% of the global land area. However, little is known about how the biogeochemical cycles, energy and water cycles, and human activities specific to this carbon-rich, cold region interact with global climate. A major concern is that changes in the distribution of land-based life, as well as its interactions with the environment, may lead to a self-reinforcing cycle of accelerated regional and global warming. With this as its motivation, the Northern Eurasian Earth Science Partnership Initiative (NEESPI) was formed in 2004 to better understand and quantify feedbacks between northern Eurasian and global climates. The first group of NEESPI projects has mostly focused on assembling regional databases, organizing improved environmental monitoring of the region, and studying individual environmental processes. That was a starting point to addressing emerging challenges in the region related to rapidly and simultaneously changing climate, environmental, and societal systems. More recently, the NEESPI research focus has been moving toward integrative studies, including the development of modeling capabilities to project the future state of climate, environment, and societies in the NEESPI domain. This effort will require a high level of integration of observation programs, process studies, and modeling across disciplines.

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Держатели документа:
[Groisman, Pavel Ya.] NOAA, UCAR, Natl Climat Data Ctr, Asheville, NC 28801 USA
[Clark, Elizabeth A.
Lettenmaier, Dennis P.] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
[Kattsov, Vladimir M.] Voeikov Main Geophys Observ, St Petersburg, Russia
[Sokolik, Irina N.] Georgia Inst Technol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA
[Aizen, Vladimir B.] Univ Idaho, Moscow, ID 83843 USA
[Cartus, Oliver
Schmullius, Christiane C.] Univ Jena, Jena, Germany
[Chen, Jiquan] Univ Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606 USA
[Conard, Susan] US Forest Serv, USDA, Arlington, VA USA
[Katzenberger, John] Aspen Global Change Inst, Aspen, CO USA
[Krankina, Olga] Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA
[Kukkonen, Jaakko
Sofiev, Mikhail A.] Finnish Meteorol Inst, FIN-00101 Helsinki, Finland
[Machida, Toshinobu
Maksyutov, Shamil] Natl Inst Environm Sci, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
[Ojima, Dennis] H John Heinz III Ctr Sci Econ & Environm, Washington, DC USA
[Qi, Jiaguo] Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA
[Romanovsky, Vladimir E.
Walker, Donald] Univ Alaska, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA
[Santoro, Maurizio] Gamma Remote Sensing, Gumlingen, Switzerland
[Shiklomanov, Alexander I.
Voeroesmarty, Charles] Univ New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824 USA
[Shimoyama, Kou] Hokkaido Univ, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
[Shugart, Herman H.
Shuman, Jacquelyn K.] Univ Virginia, Charlottesville, VA USA
[Sukhinin, Anatoly I.] Russian Acad Sci, Forest Inst, Siberian Branch, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
[Wood, Eric F.] Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA

Доп.точки доступа:
Groisman, P.Y.; Clark, E.A.; Kattsov, V.M.; Lettenmaier, D.P.; Sokolik, I.N.; Aizen, V.B.; Cartus, O...; Chen, J.Q.; Conard, S...; Katzenberger, J...; Krankina, O...; Kukkonen, J...; Machida, T...; Maksyutov, S...; Ojima, D...; Qi, J.G.; Romanovsky, V.E.; Santoro, M...; Schmullius, C.C.; Shiklomanov, A.I.; Shimoyama, K...; Shugart, H.H.; Shuman, J.K.; Sofiev, M.A.; Sukhinin, A.I.; Vorosmarty, C...; Walker, D...; Wood, E.F.

[Text] / D. L. GRODNITSKY, P. P. MOROZOV // J. Exp. Biol. - 1992. - Vol. 169. - P143-163. - Cited References: 41 . - 21. - ISSN 0022-0949РУБ Biology

Аннотация: Experiments on dust visualization of the flow around tethered flying green lacewings showed that, contrary to expectations based on the Weis-Fogh clap-and-fling mechanism, a leading edge separation bubble does not exist near either fore- or hindwings. At the beginning of the stroke cycle each wing operates as an independent generator of vorticity. The vortex bubbles of all the four wings then unite, producing a single U-shaped bubble. A hypothetical spatial structure for the vortex wake is derived from a series of registrated sections of the wake illuminated with a flat light beam. Some problems of wing functional morphology and insect flight aerodynamics are also discussed.


Доп.точки доступа:
GRODNITSKY, D.L.; MOROZOV, P.P.

/ N. M. Tchebakova, E. I. Parfenova, A. J. Soja ; ed.: L. . Mueller, A. K. Sheudshen, F. . Eulenstein // NOVEL METHODS FOR MONITORING AND MANAGING LAND AND WATER RESOURCES IN : SPRINGER INT PUBLISHING AG, 2016. - P269-285. - (Springer Water), DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-24409-9_10. - Cited References:51 . - РУБ Environmental Sciences + Soil Science + Water Resources

Аннотация: The redistribution of terrestrial ecosystems and individual species is predicted to be profound under Global Climate Model simulations. We modeled the progression of potential vegetation and forest types in Siberia by the end of the twenty-first century by coupling large-scale bioclimatic models of vegetation zones and major conifer species with climatic variables and permafrost using the B1 and A2 Hadley Centre HadCM3 climate change scenarios. In the projected warmer and dryer climate, Siberian taiga forests are predicted to dramatically decrease and shift to the northeast, and forest-steppe, steppe, and novel temperate broadleaf forests are predicted to dominate most of Siberia by 2090. The permafrost should not retreat sufficiently to provide favorable habitats for dark (Pinus sibiric, Abies sibirica, and Picea obovata) taiga, and the permafrost-tolerant L. dahurica taiga should remain the dominant forest type in many current permafrost-lain areas. Water stress and fire-tolerant tree species (Pinus sylvestris and Larix spp.) should have an increased advantage over moisture-loving tree species (P. sibirica, A. sibirica, and P. obovata) in a new climate. Accumulated surface fuel loads due to increased tree mortality from drought, insects, and other factors, especially at the southern forest border and in the Siberian interior (Yakutia), together with an increase in severe fire weather, should also lead to increases in large, high-severity fires that are expected to facilitate vegetation progression toward a new equilibrium with the climate. Adaptation of the forest types and tree species to climate change in the south may be based on the genetic means of individual species and human willingness to aid migration, perhaps by seeding. Additionally, useful and viable crops could be established in agricultural lands instead of failing forests.

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Держатели документа:
Russian Acad Sci, VN Sukachev Inst Forest, Siberian Branch SIF SB RAS, Akademgorodok 50-28, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia.
NASA, Langley Res Ctr, 21 Langley Blvd,Mail Stop 420, Hampton, VA 23681 USA.

Доп.точки доступа:
Tchebakova, Nadezhda M.; Parfenova, Elena I.; Soja, Amber J.; Mueller, L... \ed.\; Sheudshen, A.K. \ed.\; Eulenstein, F... \ed.\

/ M. I. Makarov, T. I. Malysheva, O. V. Menyailo // Eurasian Soil Sci. - 2019. - Vol. 52, Is. 9. - P1028-1037, DOI 10.1134/S1064229319090059. - Cited References:48. - This study was supported by the Russian Science Foundation, project no. 16-14-10208. . - ISSN 1064-2293. - ISSN 1556-195XРУБ Soil Science

Аннотация: Isotopic composition of nitrogen in soils can be an informative indicator of N transformation processes and sources of N nutrition of plants, but data on d15N of labile N compounds are scarce. It is shown that N transformation in meadow-alpine soils (Leptic Umbrisols) of the northwestern Caucasus (Teberda Reserve, Karachay-Cherkess Republic) leads to well-expressed differences in isotopic signatures of different N compounds: d15N of extractable organic matter > d15Ntotal > d15N-> d15N-The range of d15N in this sequence reaches 25%. Differences in d15N within the same pool of N in soils of different alpine ecosystems, as well as seasonal dynamics of d15N-are much less pronounced (the range of d15N is 2-4%). The values of d15Ntotal and d15N-positively correlate with N mineralization and nitrification and demonstrate the accumulation of heavy N isotope in soils of the alpine ecosystems with more active N transformation processes. Obviously, nitrification is the key process controlling the isotopic signature of NThe role of N mineralization in the fractionation of N isotopes is less obvious, and 15N accumulation in the extractable organic matter can be related to the significant content of "heavy" microbial N in extractable organic N pool.

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Держатели документа:
Lomonosov Moscow State Univ, Moscow 119991, Russia.
Russian Acad Sci, Siberian Branch, Sukachev Inst Forest, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia.

Доп.точки доступа:
Makarov, M., I; Malysheva, T., I; Menyailo, O., V; Russian Science FoundationRussian Science Foundation (RSF) [16-14-10208]