Труды сотрудников ИЛ им. В.Н. Сукачева СО РАН

[Text] / T. . Kajimoto [et al.] // J. For. Res. - 2007. - Vol. 12, Is. 2. - P103-112, DOI 10.1007/s10310-006-0259-y. - Cited References: 49 . - 10. - ISSN 1341-6979РУБ Forestry

Аннотация: We present results of individual-based root system measurement and analysis applied for Larix gmelinii trees growing on the continuous permafrost region of central Siberia. The data of root excavation taken from the three stands were used for the analyses; young (26 years old), mature (105 years old), and uneven-aged over-mature stand (220 years old). In this article, we highlight two topics: (1) factors affecting spatio-temporal pattern of root system development, and (2) interactions between aboveground (i.e., crown) and belowground (i.e., root) competition. For the first topic, the detailed observation of lateral roots was applied to one sample tree of the overmature stand. The tree constructed a superficial (< 30 cm in depth) and rather asymmetric root system, and each lateral root expanded mainly into elevated mounds rather than depressed troughs. This indicated that spatial development of an individual root system was largely affected by microtopography (i.e., earth hummocks). For these lateral roots, elongation growth curves were reconstructed using annual-ring data, and annual growth rates and patterns were compared among them. The comparison suggested that temporal root system development is associated with differences in carbon allocation among the lateral roots. For the second topic, we examined relationships between individual crown projection area (CA) and horizontal rooting area (RA) for the sample trees of each stand. RA was almost equal to CA in the young stand, while RA was much larger (three or four times) than CA in the mature and overmature stands. Two measures of stand-level space occupation, crown area index (aboveground: CAI; sum of CAs per unit land area) and rooting area index (belowground: RAI; sum of RAs), were estimated in each stand. The estimates of RA1 (1.3-1.8 m(2) m(-2)) exceeded unity in all stands. In contrast, CAI exceeded unity (1.3 m(2) m(-2)) only in the young stand, and was much smaller (< 0.3 m(2) m(-2)) in the two older stands. These between-stand differences in RAI-CAI relationships suggest that intertree competition for both aboveground and belowground spaces occurred in the young stand, but only belowground competition still occurred in the two older stands. Based on this finding, we hypothesized that competition below the ground may become predominant as a stand ages in L. gmelinii forests. Methodological limitations of our analysis are also discussed, especially for the analysis using the two indices of space occupation (CAI, RAI).

Полный текст,
WOS,
Scopus

Держатели документа:
Forestry & Forest Prod Res Inst, Kyushu Res Ctr, Kumamoto 8600862, Japan
Ryukoku Univ, Fac Intercultural Commun, Otsu, Shiga, Japan
Forestry & Forest Prod Res Inst, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan
Russian Acad Sci, VN Sukachev Inst Forest, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
Kyoto Univ, Fac Agr, Kyoto, Japan
Kyoto Univ, Field Sci Educ & Res Ctr, Kyoto, Japan
Okayama Univ, Grad Sch Environm Sci, Okayama 7008530, Japan

Доп.точки доступа:
Kajimoto, T...; Osawa, A...; Matsuura, Y...; Abaimov, A.P.; Zyryanova, O.A.; Kondo, K...; Tokuchi, N...; Hirobe, M...

[Text] / A. Y. Larionova, N. V. Yakhneva, A. P. Abaimov // Russ. J. Genet. - 2004. - Vol. 40, Is. 10. - P1127-1133, DOI 10.1023/B:RUGE.0000044756.55722.d8. - Cited References: 32 . - 7. - ISSN 1022-7954РУБ Genetics & Heredity

Аннотация: Within- and among-population diversity of Gmelin larch Larix gmelinii (Rupr.) Rupr. from Evenkia was inferred from data on 17 genes determining allozyme diversity of ten enzymes. More than 50% of the genes proved to be polymorphic. On average, each tree was heterozygous at 9.2% genes. Heterozygosity expected from the Hardy-Weinberg proportions was higher, 12.5%. A deficit of heterozygous genotypes was observed in all populations under study and attributed to inbreeding. With Wright's F statistics, average individual inbreeding was estimated at 26.6% relative to the population (F-IS) and at 27.8% relative to the species (F-IT). The greatest deficit of heterozygosity was observed for the youngest population II. Within- population variation accounted for more than 98% of the total variation, while the contribution of among-population variation was 1.66%. Genetic distance between populations varied from 0.0025 to 0.0042, averaging 0.0035.

Полный текст,
WOS,
Scopus

Держатели документа:
Russian Acad Sci, Sukachev Inst Forestry, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia

Доп.точки доступа:
Larionova, A.Y.; Yakhneva, N.V.; Abaimov, A.P.

[Text] / A. G. Bunn [et al.] // Environ. Res. Lett. - 2013. - Vol. 8, Is. 3. - Ст. 35034, DOI 10.1088/1748-9326/8/3/035034. - Cited References: 36. - We thank the Northern Eurasian Earth Science Partnership Initiative for support via a grant from NASA-LCLUC-NEESPI (NNX09AK58G) to MKH and AGB and from NSF 0612341 and NSF 1044417 to AGB. VVS was supported by the Fulbright Scholar Program. Figure 1 was produced by Randal Bernhardt of the WWU Geography Department. . - 8. - ISSN 1748-9326РУБ Environmental Sciences + Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences

Аннотация: Different methods have been developed for measuring carbon stocks and fluxes in the northern high latitudes, ranging from intensively measured small plots to space-based methods that use reflectance data to drive production efficiency models. The field of dendroecology has used samples of tree growth from radial increments to quantify long-term variability in ecosystem productivity, but these have very limited spatial domains. Since the cambium material in tree cores is itself a product of photosynthesis in the canopy, it would be ideal to link these two approaches. We examine the associations between the normalized differenced vegetation index (NDVI) and tree growth using 19 pairs of tree-ring widths (TRW) and maximum latewood density (MXD) across much of Siberia. We find consistent correlations between NDVI and both measures of tree growth and no systematic difference between MXD and TRW. At the regional level we note strong correspondence between the first principal component of tree growth and NDVI for MXD and TRW in a temperature-limited bioregion, indicating that canopy reflectance and cambial production are broadly linked. Using a network of 21 TRW chronologies from south of Lake Baikal, we find a similarly strong regional correspondence with NDVI in a markedly drier region. We show that tree growth is dominated by variation at decadal and multidecadal time periods, which the satellite record is incapable of recording given its relatively short record.

WOS,
Scopus

Держатели документа:
[Bunn, Andrew G.] Western Washington Univ, Dept Environm Sci, Huxley Coll, Bellingham, WA 98225 USA
[Hughes, Malcolm K.
Losleben, Mark] Univ Arizona, Tree Ring Res Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA
[Kirdyanov, Alexander V.] VN Sukachev Inst Forest SB RAS, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
[Shishov, Vladimir V.
Vaganov, Eugene A.] Siberian Fed Univ, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
[Berner, Logan T.] Woods Hole Res Ctr, Falmouth, MA USA
[Oltchev, Alexander] RAS, Severtsov Inst Ecol & Evolut, Moscow 117901, Russia

Доп.точки доступа:
Bunn, A.G.; Hughes, M.K.; Kirdyanov, Alexander V.; Кирдянов, Александр Викторович; Losleben, M.; Shishov, V.V.; Berner, L.T.; Oltchev, A.; Vaganov, E.A.; Northern Eurasian Earth Science Partnership Initiative via NASA-LCLUC-NEESPI [NNX09AK58G]; NSF [0612341, 1044417]; Fulbright Scholar Program

/ U. Buntgen [et al.] // Nat. Commun. - 2019. - Vol. 10. - Ст. 2171, DOI 10.1038/s41467-019-10174-4. - Cited References:51. - We are grateful to everyone who participated in fieldwork, sample preparation, cross-dating and chronology development. Ulf Buntgen received funding received from "SustES - Adaptation strategies for sustainable ecosystem services and food security under adverse environmental conditions" (CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/16_019/0000797). . - ISSN 2041-1723РУБ Multidisciplinary Sciences

Аннотация: It is generally accepted that animal heartbeat and lifespan are often inversely correlated, however, the relationship between productivity and longevity has not yet been described for trees growing under industrial and pre-industrial climates. Using 1768 annually resolved and absolutely dated ring width measurement series from living and dead conifers that grew in undisturbed, high-elevation sites in the Spanish Pyrenees and the Russian Altai over the past 2000 years, we test the hypothesis of grow fast-die young. We find maximum tree ages are significantly correlated with slow juvenile growth rates. We conclude, the interdependence between higher stem productivity, faster tree turnover, and shorter carbon residence time, reduces the capacity of forest ecosystems to store carbon under a climate warming-induced stimulation of tree growth at policy-relevant timescales.

WOS,
Смотреть статью,
Scopus

Держатели документа:
Univ Cambridge, Dept Geog, Cambridge CB2 3EN, England.
Swiss Fed Res Inst WSL, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland.
Global Change Res Ctr, Brno 61300, Czech Republic.
Masaryk Univ, Brno 61300, Czech Republic.
Stockholm Univ, Dept Phys Geog, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden.
Univ Cambridge, Dept Plant Sci, Cambridge CB2 3EA, England.
Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, Dept Geog, D-55099 Mainz, Germany.
Siberian Fed Univ, Inst Humanities, Krasnoyarsk 660041, Russia.
Sukachev Inst Forest SB RAS, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia.
Siberian Fed Univ, Inst Ecol & Geog, Krasnoyarsk 660041, Russia.
CSIC, IPE, Zaragoza 50059, Spain.
Univ Basel, Inst Bot, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland.

Доп.точки доступа:
Buntgen, Ulf; Krusic, Paul J.; Piermattei, Alma; Coomes, David A.; Esper, Jan; Myglan, Vladimir S.; Kirdyanov, Alexander, V; Camarero, J. J.; Crivellaro, Alan; Korner, Christian; [CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/16_019/0000797]

/ N. V. Semenova, V. N. Shmakov, M. E. Park [и др.] // Biol. Membr. - 2020. - Vol. 37, Is. 3. - С. 215-223, DOI 10.31857/S0233475520020127. - Cited References:41 . - ISSN 0233-4755РУБ Cell Biology

Аннотация: It was found that glycerides were dominant for both types of cell lines. It was found that triglycerides (TG) and 1,2-diglycerides (1,2-DG) accumulated 1.5-3 times more actively in embryogenic cell lines, which was probably connected with the necessity of the involvement of TG and 1,2-DG in the processes of tissue differentiation. A high relative content of free fatty acids (FFA) was also characteristic of the embryogenic lines. The found differences in the ratio of sterols to their ethers (the content of sterol esters was 1.5-3 times lower in embryogenic cell lines) can indicate that sterols get activated from their inert form to contribute to the embryogenesis processes at a stage of embryo formation.

WOS

Держатели документа:
Russian Acad Sci, Siberian Branch, Siberian Inst Plant Physiol & Biochem, Irkutsk 664033, Russia.
Russian Acad Sci, Siberian Branch, Sukachev Inst Forest, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia.

Доп.точки доступа:
Semenova, N., V; Shmakov, V. N.; Park, M. E.; Tretyakova, I. N.; Konstantinov, Yu M.; Dudareva, L., V

/ T. T. Efremova, A. V. Pimenov, S. P. Efremov, A. F. Avrova // Eurasian Soil Sci. - 2021. - Vol. 54, Is. 7. - P975-985, DOI 10.1134/S1064229321070036. - Cited References:48 . - ISSN 1064-2293. - ISSN 1556-195XРУБ Soil Science

Аннотация: The differences between eutrophic peat soils (Hypereutric Sapric Histosols) and peaty gleyzems (Eutric Histic Gleysols) 20 years after a forest-peat fire have been studied by the example of a spruce forest in a swampy river valley of the Kuznetsk Alatau (622 m a.s.l.). Soils with peat and peaty horizons are characterized by high variability of properties (Cv 25-33%). The ash content varies from 23 to 81%; pH, from 5.8 to 8.2; bulk density, from 0.094 to 0.494 g/cm(3); C-org content, from 7 to 37%; and the volumetric water content of peat soil, from 31 to 85%. Four groups of pyrogenic peat soils have been objectively identified based on statistical parameters. The organic carbon content has the maximum ability to differentiate clusters (93%). A much smaller proportion of the difference is provided by the moisture of peat soil (6%). Soil clusters identified at the taxonomic level of the species as peat, peaty gleyzems, shallow peaty gleyzems, and destructive soils identify the soil cover pattern of the fire area. New information complements and clarifies the data on carbon losses, which are estimating mainly by the depth of burning of the peat layer. The value of additional losses within the 0-20 cm layer is 0.4-6.3 kg C/m(2) depending on the intensity of pyrogenic effects, being equivalent to carbon dioxide emissions from 1.4 to 23 kg/m(2).

WOS

Держатели документа:
Russian Acad Sci, Krasnoyarsk Sci Ctr, Sukachev Inst Forest, Siberian Branch, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia.

Доп.точки доступа:
Efremova, T. T.; Pimenov, A. V.; Efremov, S. P.; Avrova, A. F.

/ R. C. Gatti, P. B. Reich, JGP Gamarra [et al.] // Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. - 2022. - Vol. 119, Is. 6. - Ст. e2115329119, DOI 10.1073/pnas.2115329119. - Cited References:72. - We thank the following agencies, initiatives, teams, and individuals for data collection and other technical support: the GFBI for establishing the data standards and collaborative framework; the US Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Inventory and Analysis Program; the University of Alaska Fairbanks; the SODEFOR, Ivory Coast; University Felix Houphouet-Boigny (Ivory Coast); the Queensland Herbarium; and past Queensland Government Forestry and Natural ResourceManagement Departments and staff for data collection for over seven decades. We thank Javier Eduardo Silva Espejo, Rahman Laskar, Salam Dilip, Bijit, Bironjoy, and Samar; Badru Mugerwa and Emmanuel Akampurira together with a team of field assistants (Valentine and Lawrence); all persons who made the Third Spanish Forest Inventory possible, especially the main coordinator J. A. Villanueva (IFN3); the French National Forest Inventory (NFI; NFI campaigns [raw data 2005 and following annual surveys] were downloaded by the GFBI at https://inventaire-forestier.ign.fr/dataIFN/, site accessed on 1 January 2015); the Italian Forest Inventory (NFI campaigns raw data 2005 and following surveys were downloaded by the GFBI at https://www.inventarioforestale.org/, site accessed on 27 April 2019); Swiss National Forest Inventory, Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, and Federal Office for the Environment FOEN, Switzerland; Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel of Brazil (CAPES) Grant 88881.064976/2014-01; Rafael Avila and Sharon van Tuylen, Instituto Nacional de Bosques, Guatemala for facilitating Guatemalan data; the National Focal Center for Forest condition monitoring of Serbia, Institute of Forestry, Belgrade, Serbia; the Thunen Institute of Forest Ecosystems (Germany) for providing NFI data; the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees undertaking the Safe Access to Fuel and Energy project; Russian Science Foundation Project 21-46-07002 for the plot data collected in the Krasnoyarsk region; and the Amazon Forest Inventory Network (RAINFOR), the African Tropical Rainforest Observation Network, and the ForestPlots.net initiative for their contributions from Amazonian and African forests. The Natural Forest plot data were collected between January 2009 and March 2014 by the LUCAS Programme for the New Zealand Ministry for the Environment, as provided by the New Zealand National Vegetation Survey Databank. All Tropical Ecology Assessment and Monitoring (TEAM) data are provided by the TEAM Network, a collaboration between Conservation International, the Missouri Botanical Garden, the Smithsonian Institution, and the Wildlife Conservation Society, and partially funded by these institutions, the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, and other donors, with thanks to all current and previous TEAM site managers and other collaborators who helped with collecting data; the people of the Redidoti, Pierrekondre, and Cassipora villages who were instrumental in assisting with the collection of data and sharing local knowledge of their forest; and the dedicated members of the field crew of the Kabo 2012 census. This research was supported in part through computational resources provided by Information Technology at Purdue, West Lafayette, Indiana. We also thank Robert K. Colwell and Fangliang He for insightful comments and recommendations during the revisions of this manuscript.; This work is supported in part by US Department of Agriculture National Institute of Food and Agriculture McIntire Stennis Projects 1017711 and 1016676; a faculty start-up grant from the Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University; US NSF Biology Integration Institutes Program NSF-DBI-2021898; Key Project of National Key Research and Development Plan, China Grant 2017YFC0504005; S~ao Paulo Research Foundation Grant 2014/14503-7; Proyecto FONACIT Grant 1998003436 and UNELLEZ Grant 23198105; EU, Sumforest-REFORM, Risk Resilient ForestManagement, FKZ Grant 2816ERA02S; German Research Foundation, KROOF Tree and stand-level growth reactions on drought in mixed versus pure forests of Norway spruce and European beech Grant PR 292/12-1; Bavarian State Ministry for Food, Agriculture and Forestry, W07 long-term yield experiments, Grant 7831-26625-2017 and Project E33; the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft Priority Program 1374 Biodiversity Exploratories; the International Tropical Timber Organization Project PD 53/00 Rev.3 (F); the State Forest Management Centre, Estonia, and the Environmental Investment Centre, Estonia; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada Discover Grant Project Grants RGPIN-2014-04181 and STPGP428641; European Structural Funds by FEDER 2014 to 2020 Grant GY0006894; European Investment Funds by FEDER/COMPETE/POCI-Operacional Competitiveness and Internacionalization Programme under Project POCI-01-0145-FEDER-006958 and National Funds by FCT-Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology Project UIDB/04033/2020. ICNF-Instituto de Conservacao da Natureza e Florestas. 6 degrees Inventario Florestal Nacional; Chilean research Grants Fondecyt No. 1191816 and FONDEF No. ID19 10421; Vietnam National Foundation for Science and Technology Development Grant NAFOSTED-106-NN.06-2016.10; German Research Foundation Grant FOR 1246; the Project LIFE+ ForBioSensing PL "Comprehensive monitoring of stand dynamics in Bialowieza Forest supported with remote sensing techniques" cofunded by Life Plus Contract LIFE13 ENV/PL/000048 and National Fund for Environmental Protection and Water Management in Poland Contract 485/2014/WN10/OP-NM-LF/D; National Natural Scientific Foundation of China Grants 31660055 and 31660074; the Polish State Forests National Forest Holding (2016); National Science Center (Poland) Grant 2011/02/A/NZ9/00108; the Dutch Ministry of Economic Affairs for funding the Dutch National Forest Inventory; US NASA Grant 11-TE11-0100; the TEAM/Conservation International project for funding the data collection and the Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazonia; the Ministere des Forets, de la Faune et des Parcs du Quebec (Canada); the exploratory plots of FunDivEUROPE received funding from European Union Seventh Framework Programme FP7/2007-2013 under Grant 265171; DBT, Government of India through the project "Mapping and quantitative assessment of geographic distribution and population status of plant resources of Eastern Himalayan region" (Sanction Order BT/PR7928/NDB/52/9/2006 dated 29 September 2006); financial support from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (to S.D.; ); Czech Science Foundation Standard Grant 19-14620S and European Research Council Advanced Grant 669609; RFBR Grant 16-05-00496; the project implementation demonstration object on the transformation of declining spruce forests into ecologically more stable multi-functional ecosystems, ITMS Grant 26220220026, supported by the Research & Development Operational Program funded by the ERDF; the Swedish NFI, Department of Forest Resource Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences SLU; National Research Foundation of South Africa Grants 89967 and 109244 and the South African Research Chair Initiative; the University Research Committee of the University of the South Pacific and New Colombo Plan funding through the Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade of the Australian government; the TEAM project in Uganda supported by the Moore Foundation and the Buffett Foundation through Conservation International and Wildlife Conservation Society; the COBIMFO project funded by Belgian Science Policy Office Contract SD/AR/01A; the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research Grant FKZ 01LL0908AD for the project Land Use and Climate Change Interactions in the Vu Gia Thu Bon River basin, Central Vietnam; Programme Tropenbos C. ote d'Ivoire Project 04/97-1111a du Compl~ement d'Inventaire de la Flore dans le Parc National de Tai; Danish Council for Independent Research j Natural Sciences TREECHANGE Grant 6108-00078B (to J.-C.S.)and VILLUM FONDEN Grant 16549 (to J.-C.S.); ERC Advanced Grant 291585 ("T-FORCES") and a Royal Society Wolfson Research Merit Award (to O.L.P.); RAINFOR plots supported by the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation and the UK Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), notably NERC Consortium Grants AMAZONICA (NE/F005806/1), TROBIT (NE/D005590/1), and BIO-RED (NE/N012542/1); Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa e Inovacao de Santa Catarina, FAPESC Grant 2016TR2524, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico, CNPq Grant 312075/2013-8; "Investissement d'Avenir" grant managed by Agence Nationale de la Recherche (CEBA, reference ANR-10-LABX-25-01); CIFOR's Global Comparative Study on REDD+ funded by the Norwegian Agency for Development Cooperation (Norad), the Australian Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, the European Union, the International Climate Initiative of the German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation, Building and Nuclear Safety, and the CGIAR Research Program on Forests, Trees and Agroforestry, and donors to the CGIAR Fund; the Nature and Biodiversity Conservation Union under the project entitled "Biodiversity under Climate Change: Community Based Conservation, Management and Development Concepts for the Wild Coffee Forests" funded by the German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety through the International Climate Initiative; the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico; the institutional project "EXTEMIT -K" CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.; 0/15_003/0000433 financed by OP RDE; EC DG VIII Grants BZ-5041 (ECOSYN), NWO-WOTRO (W84-204), and GTZ; AfriTRON network plots funded by the local communities and NERC, ERC, the European Union, the Royal Society, and Leverhume Trust; BOLFOR (Proyecto de Manejo Forestal Sostenible Bolivia); the Global Environment Research Fund Grants F-071 and D-1006, JSPS KAKENHI Grant JP17K15289; the National Institute of Biology (now the Research Center for Biology), Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Indonesia IFBN Project Contract 4000114425/15/NL/FF/gp funded by ESA; NSF Grants DBI-1565046, DEB-0424767, DEB-0639393, and DEB-1147429; NASA Terrestrial Ecology Program; Swiss National Science Foundation Grants 130720 and 147092; Projects D/9170/07, D/018222/08, D/023225/09, and D/032548/10 funded by the Spanish Agency for International Development Cooperation (Agencia Espanola de Cooperacion Internacional para el Desarrollo) and Fundacion Biodiversidad in cooperation with the Universidad Mayor de San Simon, the Manejo Forestal en las Tierras Tropicales de Bolivia project, and Compania Industrial Maderera Ltda.; the Agency for Economic and Environmental Development of the north province of New Caledonia (Projects Ecofor & Cogefor, 2011 to 2016); Russian Science Foundation Grant 16-17-10284 The accumulation of carbon in forest soils and forest succession status; the Norwegian Ministry of Food and Agriculture; a grant from the Royal Society and the Natural Environment Research Council (United Kingdom; to S.L.L.; ); the Spanish Agency for International Development Cooperation (Agencia Espanola de Cooperacion Internacional para el Desarrollo) and Fundacion Biodiversidad, in cooperation with the governments of Syria and Lebanon; COBIMFO Project, Federal Science Policy, Belgium; Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia, Mexico; Comision Nacional Forestal, Mexico; BEF-China Project FOR 891 funded by the German Research Foundation; WWF Russell Train Fellowship Grant ST54 to PMU; Wildlife Conservation Society DRC Program under CARPE Funding; the Seoul National University Big Data Institute through the Data Science Research Project 2016, R&D Program for Forest Science Technology Projects 2013069C10-1719-AA03 and S111215L020110 funded by Korea Forest Service (the Korea Forestry Promotion Institute); Department of Biotechnology, Government of India Grant BT/PR12899/NDB/39/506/2015 (dated 20 June 2017) and Science and Engineering Research Board, Government of India Grant YSS/2015/000479 (dated 12 January 2016); Tropenbos International-Suriname; the Institute for World Forestry, University of Hamburg; REMBIOFOR Project "Remote sensing based assessment of woody biomass and carbon storage in forests" funded by the National Centre for Research and Development, Warsaw, Poland, under BIOSTRATEG Program Agreement BIOSTRATEG1/267755/4/NCBR/2015; Project "Environmental and genetic factors affecting productivity of forest ecosystems on forest and post-industrial habitats" (2011 to 2015) Grant OR/2717/3/11 funded by the General Directorate of State Forests, Warsaw, Poland; Project "Carbon balance of the major forest-forming tree species in Poland" (2007 to 2011) Grant 1/07 funded by the General Directorate of State Forests, Warsaw, Poland; the research professorship for "Ecosystem-based sustainable development" funded by Eberswalde University for Sustainable Development; Pontificia Universidad Catolica del Ecuador supported the fieldwork census in Yasuni National Park; the National Forest Programme of the National Institute of Agricultural Research; Sao Paulo Research Foundation Grants #2014/14503-7, 2017/05662-2, and 03/12595-7; MAUA group supported by FAPEAM-PRONEX Grant 1600/2006; CNPq/FAPEAM-PELD Grant 403792/2012-6; ATTO Project Grants MCTI-FINEP 1759/10 and BMBF 01LB1001A; Czech Science Foundation Standard Grants 17-07378S and 17-19376S; the Long-Term Research Development Project RVO 67985939 of Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences; Slovak Research and Development Agency Project APVV-20-0168; the Strategic Science Investment Fund of the New Zealand Ministry for Business, Innovation and Employment; FAPESP Grants 2014/14503-7 and 2017/05662-2; and CNPq Universal Grant 479599/2008-4. The Digital Environment for Enabling Data-Driven Science Project is funded by NSF Grant CIF21 DIBBs: EI: 1724728; Natural Forest plot data collected between January 2002 and March 2007 by the LUCAS programme for the Ministry for the Environment; and Human Modified Tropical Forests Programme of NERC Grant NE/K016377/1. P.B.R. acknowledges funding support from US NSF Long-Term Ecological Research Grant DEB-1831944 and Biological Integration Institutes Grant NSF-DBI-2021898. . - ISSN 0027-8424. - ISSN 1091-6490РУБ Multidisciplinary Sciences

Аннотация: One of the most fundamental questions in ecology is how many species inhabit the Earth. However, due to massive logistical and financial challenges and taxonomic difficulties connected to the species concept definition, the global numbers of species, including those of important and well-studied life forms such as trees, still remain largely unknown. Here, based on global groundsourced data, we estimate the total tree species richness at global, continental, and biome levels. Our results indicate that there are similar to 73,000 tree species globally, among which similar to 9,000 tree species are yet to be discovered. Roughly 40% of undiscovered tree species are in South America. Moreover, almost one-third of all tree species to be discovered may be rare, with very low populations and limited spatial distribution (likely in remote tropical lowlands and mountains). These findings highlight the vulnerability of global forest biodiversity to anthropogenic changes in land use and climate, which disproportionately threaten rare species and thus, global tree richness.

WOS

Держатели документа:
Purdue Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA.
Alma Mater Studiorum Univ Bologna, Dept Biol Geol & Environm Sci, I-40126 Bologna, Italy.
Tomsk State Univ, Biol Inst, Tomsk 634050, Russia.
Univ Minnesota, Dept Forest Resources, St Paul, MN 55108 USA.
Univ Michigan, Inst Global Change Biol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA.
Univ Michigan, Sch Environm & Sustainabil, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA.
Western Sydney Univ, Hawkesbury Inst Environm, Penrith, NSW 2753, Australia.
FAO, Forestry Dept, I-00153 Rome, Italy.
Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Inst Integrat Biol, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland.
Stellenbosch Univ, Ctr Invas Biol, Dept Math Sci, ZA-7602 Stellenbosch, South Africa.
African Inst Math Sci, Math Biol Unit, ZA-7945 Muizenberg, South Africa.
Univ Lleida, Dept Crop & Forest Sci, Lleida 25198, Spain.
Joint Res Unit CTFC AGROTECNIO CERCA, Solsona 25280, Spain.
Univ Liege, Gembloux Agrobio Tech, TERRA Teaching & Res Ctr, B-5030 Gembloux, Belgium.
Wageningen Univ & Res, Forest Ecol & Forest Management Grp, NL-6700 AA Wageningen, Netherlands.
Aarhus Univ, Dept Biol, Ctr Biodivers Dynam Changing World BIOCHANGE, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
Aarhus Univ, Dept Biol, Sect Ecoinformat & Biodivers, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
Univ Lorraine, Silva, INRAE, AgroParisTech, F-54000 Nancy, France.
Univ Connecticut, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Mansfield, CT 06268 USA.
Univ Arizona, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA.
Univ Wisconsin Madison, Dept Populat Hlth Sci, Madison, WI 53704 USA.
King Abdullah Univ Sci & Technol, Stat Program, Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia.
Univ Wisconsin Madison, Dept Stat, Madison, WI 53706 USA.
Peking Univ, Inst Bot, CAS, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China.
Univ Illinois, Dept Comp Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA.
Univ Minnesota, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, St Paul, MN 55108 USA.
Univ Udine, Dept Agr Food Environm & Anim Sci Univ, I-33100 Udine, Italy.
Free Univ Bolzano Bozen, Fac Sci & Technol, I-39100 Bolzano, Italy.
Univ Florida, Dept Tourism Hospitality & Events Management, Spatial Ecol & Conservat Lab, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA.
Univ Nacl Colombia Abierta & Distancia, Escuela Ciencias Ambientales, Bogota 2102, Colombia.
Univ Autonoma Gabriel Rene Moreno, Museo Hist Nat Noel Kempff Mercado, Casilla 2489, Santa Cruz, Bolivia.
European Commiss, Joint Res Ctr, I-21027 Ispra, Italy.
Compensat Int Progress SA Ciprogress Greenlife, Bogota, Colombia.
Herbario Univ PORT, UNELLEZ Guanare, Programa Ciencias Agro & Mar, Mesa De Cavacas 3323, Estado Portugue, Venezuela.
Forest Res Inst, Dept Geomat, PL-05090 Sekocin Starty, Raszyn, Poland.
Florida Int Univ, Int Ctr Trop Bot, Dept Biol Sci, Miami, FL 33133 USA.
Univ Fed Acre, Multidisciplinary Ctr, Forest Sci Lab, BR-69920900 Cruzeiro Do Sul, Brazil.
Proceedings Natl Acad Sci, Washington, DC 20001 USA.
Duke Univ, Dept Evolutionary Anthropol, Durham, NC 27708 USA.
Univ Montpellier, CNRS, AMAP, CIRAD,INRAE,IRD, F-34090 Montpellier, France.
Inst Agron Neocaledonien Equipe Sol & Vegetat, Noumea 98800, New Caledonia.
Mbarara Univ Sci & Technol, Inst Trop Forest Conservat, Kabale, Uganda.
Univ Stefan Cel Mare Suceava, Integrated Ctr Res Dev & Innovat Adv Mat Nanotech, Suceava 720229, Romania.
Univ Sao Paulo, Luiz de Queiroz Coll Agr, Dept Forest Sci, BR-13418900 Piracicaba, Brazil.
Manchester Metropolitan Univ, Dept Nat Sci, Manchester M1 5GD, Lancs, England.
Univ Florida, Sch Forest Resources & Conservat, Spatial Ecol & Conservat Lab, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA.
Univ Firenze, Dept Agr Alimentat Environm & Forestry, I-50144 Florence, Italy.
SOS Amazonia, Amazonia Green Landscape Protect & Governance Pro, Rio Branco, Brazil.
Univ Fed Acre, Ctr Biol & Nat Sci, Lab Bot & Plant Ecol, BR-69920900 Rio Branco, Brazil.
Inst Forestry, Dept Spatial Regulat GIS & Forest Policy, Belgrade 11030, Serbia.
Univ Nacl San Antonio Abad Cusco, Cuzco 08000, Peru.
Lakehead Univ, Fac Nat Resources Management, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 5E1, Canada.
Inst Forest Ecosyst Res, Jilove 25401, Czech Republic.
Czech Acad Sci, Global Change Res Inst, Brno 60300, Czech Republic.
Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm, Durham, NC 27708 USA.
Univ Cambridge, Conservat Res Inst, Dept Plant Sci, Cambridge CB2 3EA, England.
Concordia Univ, CSFG, Ctr Sustainabil Res, Quebec Ctr Biodivers Sci, Montreal, PQ H3G 1M8, Canada.
Concordia Univ, Dept Biol, Montreal, PQ H3G 1M8, Canada.
Wageningen Univ & Res, Lab Geoinformat Sci & Remote Sensing, Dept Environm Sci, NL-6700 AA Wageningen, Netherlands.
World Agroforestry ICRAF, Nairobi 00100, Kenya.
Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA.
Inst Invest Amazonia Peruana, Iquitos, Peru.
Univ Guyane, Univ Antilles, INRAE, Cirad,UMREcoFoG Agroparistech,CNRS, Kourou 310, French Guiana.
Univ Buea, Dept Plant Sci, Fac Sci, Buea, Cameroon.
Vietnamese Acad Forest Sci, Silviculture Rearch Inst, Hanoi, Vietnam.
Czech Acad Sci, Inst Bot, Pruhonice 25243, Czech Republic.
Univ South Bohemia, Fac Sci, Ceske Budejovice 37005, Czech Republic.
Univ Montpellier, INRAE, CNRS, AMAP,IRD,CIRAD, F-34398 Montpellier 5, France.
Queen Mary Univ London, Sch Biol & Behav Sci, London E1 4NS, England.
Univ Exeter, Coll Life & Environm Sci, Exeter EX4 4PY, Devon, England.
Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Dept Forest Resource Management, S-75007 Uppsala, Sweden.
Royal Bot Garden Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH3 5LR, Midlothian, Scotland.
Univ Bayreuth, Dept Plant Systemat, D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany.
Wageningen Univ & Res, Biometris & Forest & Nat Policy Grp, NL-6700 AA Wageningen, Netherlands.
CIRAD, UPR Forets & Soc, Yamoussoukro, Cote Ivoire.
Univ Montpellier, Forets & Soc, CIRAD, F-34000 Montpellier, France.
Inst Natl Polytech Felix Houphouet Boigny, Yamoussoukro, Cote Ivoire.
Wageningen Univ & Res, Dept Environm Sci, Lab Geoinformat Sci & Remote Sensing, NL-6700 AA Wageningen, Netherlands.
Helmholtz GFZ German Res Ctr Geosci, Sect 14 Remote Sensing & Geoinformat, D-14473 Potsdam, Germany.
Univ Hawaii Hilo, Dept Biol, Hilo, HI 96720 USA.
Polish Acad Sci, Inst Dendrol, PL-62035 Kornik, Poland.
Univ Warsaw, Bialowieza Geobot Stn, Fac Biol, PL-17230 Warsaw, Poland.
Univ Stirling, Fac Nat Sci, Stirling FK9 4LA, Scotland.
Univ Copenhagen, Dept Geosci & Nat Resource Management, DK-1165 Copenhagen, Denmark.
Univ Bristol, Sch Biol Sci, Bristol BS8 1TQ, Avon, England.
Estonian Univ Life Sci, Inst Forestry & Rural Engn, EE-51006 Tartu, Estonia.
Russian Acad Sci, Ctr Forest Ecol & Prod, Moscow 119991, Russia.
Field Museum, Integrat Res Ctr, Chicago, IL 60605 USA.
Indonesian Inst Sci, Herbarium Bogoriense, Biol Res Ctr, Lembaga Ilmu Pengetahuan Indonesia,Cibinong Sci C, Cibinong 16912, Indonesia.
Colorado Mesa Univ, Dept Phys & Environm Sci, Grand Junction, CO 81501 USA.
Univ Copenhagen, Dept Geosci & Nat Resource Management, DK-1017 Copenhagen, Denmark.
Univ South Australia, UniSA STEM, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia.
Univ South Australia, Future Ind Inst, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia.
Dr Hari Singh Gour Vishwavidyalaya, Dept Bot, Sagar 470003, India.
Dr Harisingh Gour Cent Univ, Dept Bot, Sagar 470003, Madhya Pradesh, India.
Museo Hist Nat Noel Kempff Mercado, Santa Cruz, Bolivia.
Seoul Natl Univ, Dept Agr Forestry & Bioresources, Seoul 08826, South Korea.
Seoul Natl Univ, Interdisciplinary Program Agr & Forest Meteorol, Seoul 08826, South Korea.
Natl Ctr AgroMeteorol, Seoul 08826, South Korea.
Seoul Natl Univ, Res Inst Agr & Life Sci, Inst Future Environm & Forest Resources, Seoul 08826, South Korea.
Cent Univ Jharkhand, Dept Geoinformat, Ranchi 835205, Jharkhand, India.
CNRS IRD UPS, Lab Evolut & Diversite Biol, UMR 5174, F-31062 Toulouse 9, France.
Univ Tartu, Tartu Observ, EE-61602 Tartu, Estonia.
Univ Leeds, Sch Geog, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England.
UCL, Dept Geog, London WC1E 6BT, England.
Univ Oxford, Sch Geog & Environm, Environm Change Inst, Oxford OX1 3QY, England.
Univ Sunshine Coast, Forest Res Inst, Sippy Downs, Qld 4556, Australia.
Univ York, Dept Environm & Geog, York YO10 5NG, N Yorkshire, England.
All Russian Inst Continuous Educ Forestry, Pushchino 141200, Moscow Region, Russia.
FSBI ROSLESINFORG, Ivanteyevka 141208, Moscow Region, Russia.
Inst Tecnol Costa Rica, Escuela Ingn Forestal, Cartago 30101, Costa Rica.
Univ Quebec, Ctr Forest Res, Dept Sci Biol, Montreal, PQ H3C 3P8, Canada.
Pondicherry Univ, Dept Ecol & Environm Sci, Pondicherry 605014, India.
Univ Nacl Patagonia Austral, CONICET, Inst Nacl Tecnol Agr, RA-9400 Rio Gallegos, Argentina.
Western Sydney Univ, Urban Ecosyst Res, Sch Social Sci, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia.
Ecofor, Grp Interet Publ, F-75116 Paris, France.
Fed Univ Southern Bahia, Training Ctr Agroforestry Sci, Lab Trop Dendrol & Forestry, BR-45613204 Ilheus, BA, Brazil.
Tech Univ Munich, Sch Life Sci, Chair Forest Growth & Yield Sci, D-85354 Freising Weihenstephan, Germany.
Univ Los Andes, Inst Invest Desarrollo Forestal, Merida 5101, Venezuela.
Univ Antioquia, Fac Engn, Escuela Ambiental, Medellin, Colombia.
Univ Trento, Agr Food Environm Ctr C3A, I-38122 San Michele All Adige, Italy.
Fdn Edmund Mach, Res & Innovat Ctr, I-38100 San Michele All Adige, Italy.
Herbario Selva Cent HOXA, Jardin Bot Missouri, Pasco Mz E-6, Oxapampa, Peru.
Univ Florence, Dept Biol, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.
MUSE Museo Sci, I-38122 Trento, Italy.
InfoFlora, Conservatoire & Jardin Bot Geneve, CH-1292 Chambesy, Switzerland.
Cent Univ Jharkhand, Dept Environm Sci, Ranchi 835205, Bihar, India.
Univ La Frontera, Ctr Modelac & Monitoreo Ecosistemas, Univ Mayor, Santiago, Chile.
Univ La Frontera, Vicerrectoria Invest & Postgrad, Temuco 4811230, Chile.
Univ Chile, Dept Silvicultura & Cons Nat, Santiago 8820808, Chile.
Russian Acad Sci, Sukachev Inst Forest, SB, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia.
Int Inst Appl Syst Anal, A-2361 Laxenburg, Austria.
Univ Freiburg, Fac Biol, Geobot, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany.
Natl Forest Ctr, Zvolen 96001, Slovakia.
Univ Brunei Darussalam, Fac Sci, Environm & Life Sci, BE-1410 Gadong, Brunei.
Univ Yaounde I, Dept Biol, Plant Systemat & Ecol Lab, Higher Teachers Training Coll, Yaounde, Cameroon.
Univ Fed Rio Grande do Norte, Dept Ecol, CB, BR-59072970 Natal, RN, Brazil.
Czech Univ Life Sci Prague, Fac Forestry & Wood Sci, Prague 16521, Czech Republic.
Univ Yaounde I, Fac Sci, Dept Plant Biol, Yaounde, Cameroon.
Bioversity Int, IITA Reg Off Cameroon, Yaounde, Cameroon.
Univ Florida, Dept Biol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA.
Univ Florida, Florida Museum Nat Hist, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA.
James Cook Univ, Sch Sci & Engn, Cairns, Qld 4878, Australia.
Univ Leipzig, Inst Biol, Systemat Bot & Funct Biodivers, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany.
Univ Tr as Os Montes & Alto Douro, CITAB, Ctr Res & Technol Agroenvironm & Biol Sci, UTAD, P-5000801 Vila Real, Viseu, Portugal.
Polytech Inst Viseu, Agr High Sch, Dept Ecol & Sustainable Agr, P-3500606 Viseu, Portugal.
Univ Reg Blumenau, Dept Forest Engn, BR-89030 Blumenau, SC, Brazil.
Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
Univ Autonoma Beni, Riberalta 2W3Q VHJ, Beni, Bolivia.
Hainan Univ, Key Lab Trop Biol Resources, Sch Life & Pharmaceut Sci, Minist Educ, Haikou 570228, Hainan, Peoples R China.
Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Dept Forest Resource Management, S-75007 Uppsala, Sweden.
Minist Eaux Forets Mer & Environm Charge Plan Cli, Estuaire Libreville, Gabon.
Inst Rech Ecol Trop, Libreville, Gabon.
Manaaki Whenua Landcare Res, Lincoln 7640, New Zealand.
State Forests Coordinat Ctr Environm Projects, PL-02362 Warsaw, Poland.
Inst Natl Polytech Felix Houphouet Boigny, Dept FOREN, BP 1093, Yamoussoukro, Cote Ivoire.

Доп.точки доступа:
Gatti, Roberto Cazzolla; Reich, Peter B.; Gamarra, Javier G. P.; Crowther, Tom; Hui, Cang; Morera, Albert; Bastin, Jean-Francois; de-Miguel, Sergio; Nabuurs, Gert-Jan; Svenning, Jens-Christian; Serra-Diaz, Josep M.; Merow, Cory; Enquist, Brian; Kamenetsky, Maria; Lee, Junho; Zhu, Jun; Fang, Jinyun; Jacobs, Douglass F.; Pijanowski, Bryan; Banerjee, Arindam; Giaquinto, Robert A.; Alberti, Giorgio; Zambrano, A.; Alvarez-Davila, Esteban; Araujo-Murakami, Alejandro; Avitabile, Valerio; Aymard, Gerardo A.; Balazy, Radomir; Baraloto, Chris; Barroso, Jorcely G.; Bastian, Meredith L.; Birnbaum, Philippe; Bitariho, Robert; Bogaert, Jan; Bongers, Frans; Bouriaud, Olivier; Brancalion, Pedro H. S.; Brearley, Francis Q.; Broadbent, Eben North; Bussotti, Filippo; da Silva, V. C.; Cesar, E.; Cesljar, Goran; Moscoso, Victor Chama; Chen, Han Y. H.; Cienciala, Emil; Clark, Connie J.; Coomes, David A.; Dayanandan, Selvadurai; Decuyper, Mathieu; Dee, Laura E.; Pasquel, I. D.; Derroire, Geraldine; Djuikouo, Marie Noel Kamdem; Do, T. R.; Dolezal, Jiri; Dordevic, Ilija D.; Engel, Julien; Fayle, Tom M.; Feldpausch, Ted R.; Fridman, Jonas K.; Harris, David J.; Hemp, Andreas; Hengeveld, Geerten; Herault, Bruno; Herold, Martin; Ibanez, Thomas; Jagodzinski, Andrzej M.; Jaroszewicz, Bogdan; Jeffery, Kathryn J.; Johannsen, Vivian Kvist; Jucker, Tommaso; Kangur, Ahto; Karminov, Victor N.; Kartawinata, Kuswata; Kennard, Deborah K.; Kepfer-Rojas, Sebastian; Keppel, Gunnar; Khan, Mohammed Latif; Khare, Pramod Kumar; Kileen, Timothy J.; Kim, Hyun Seok; Korjus, Henn; Kumar, Amit; Laarmann, Diana; Labriere, Nicolas; Lang, Mait; Lewis, Simon L.; Lukina, Natalia; Maitner, Brian S.; Malhi, Yadvinder; Marshall, Andrew R.; Martynenko, Olga V.; Mendoza, Abel L. Monteagudo; Ontikov, Petr V.; Ortiz-Malavasi, Edgar; Camacho, Nadir C. Pallqui; Paquette, Alain; Park, Minjee; Parthasarathy, Narayanaswamy; Peri, Pablo Luis; Petronelli, Pascal; Pfautsch, Sebastian; Phillips, Oliver L.; Picard, Nicolas; Piotto, Daniel; Poorter, Lourens; Poulsen, John R.; Pretzsch, Hans; Ramirez-Angulo, Hirma; Correa, Zorayda Restrepo; Rodeghiero, Mirco; Gonzales, Rocio Del Pilar Rojas; Rolim, Samir G.; Rovero, Francesco; Rutishauser, Ervan; Saikia, Purabi; Salas-Eljatib, Christian; Schepaschenko, Dmitry; Scherer-Lorenzen, Michael; Seben, Vladimir; Silveira, Marcos; Slik, Ferry; Sonke, Bonaventure; Souza, Alexandre F.; Sterenczak, Krzysztof Jan; Svoboda, Miroslav; Taedoumg, Hermann; Tchebakova, Nadja; Terborgh, John; Tikhonova, Elena; Torres-Lezama, Armando; van der Plas, Fons; Vasquez, Rodolfo; Viana, Helder; Vibrans, Alexander C.; Vilanova, Emilio; Vos, Vincent A.; Wang, Hua-Feng; Westerlund, Bertil; White, Lee J. T.; Wiser, Susan K.; Zawila-Niedzwiecki, Tomasz; Zemagho, Lise; Zhu, Zhi-Xin; Zo-Bi, Irie C.; Liang, Jingjing; Cazzolla, Roberto; KUMAR, ASHWANI; Šebeň, Vladimír; Schepaschenko, Dmitry G.; Serra-Diaz, Josep M; Kepfer, Sebastian; Phillips, Oliver; de, Sergio; Philippe, Birnbaum; Dee, Laura; Ibanez, Thomas, Paul; Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel of Brazil (CAPES)Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior (CAPES) [88881.064976/2014-01]; Russian Science FoundationRussian Science Foundation (RSF) [21-46-07002, 16-17-10284]; Gordon and Betty Moore FoundationGordon and Betty Moore Foundation; Information Technology at Purdue, West Lafayette, Indiana; US Department of Agriculture National Institute of Food and Agriculture McIntire Stennis [1017711, 1016676]; Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University; US NSF Biology Integration Institutes Program [NSF-DBI-2021898]; Key Project of National Key Research and Development Plan, China [2017YFC0504005]; Sao Paulo Research FoundationFundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (FAPESP) [2014/14503-7, 2017/05662-2, 03/12595-7]; Proyecto FONACIT [1998003436]; UNELLEZ [23198105]; EU, Sumforest-REFORM, Risk Resilient ForestManagement, FKZ [2816ERA02S]; German Research FoundationGerman Research Foundation (DFG); KROOF Tree and stand-level growth reactions on drought in mixed versus pure forests of Norway spruce and European beech [PR 292/12-1]; Bavarian State Ministry for Food, Agriculture and Forestry, W07 long-term yield experiments [7831-26625-2017, E33]; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft Priority ProgramGerman Research Foundation (DFG) [1374]; International Tropical Timber Organization Project [PD 53/00 Rev.3]; State Forest Management Centre, Estonia; Environmental Investment Centre, Estonia; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada DiscoverNatural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) [RGPIN-2014-04181, STPGP428641]; FEDEREuropean Commission [GY0006894]; FEDER/COMPETE/POCI-Operacional Competitiveness and Internacionalization Programme [POCI-01-0145-FEDER-006958]; FCT-Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology Project [UIDB/04033/2020]; ICNF-Instituto de Conservacao da Natureza e Florestas. 6degrees Inventario Florestal Nacional; Chilean research Grants FondecytComision Nacional de Investigacion Cientifica y Tecnologica (CONICYT)CONICYT FONDECYT [1191816]; FONDEF [ID19 10421]; Vietnam National Foundation for Science and Technology Development Grant [NAFOSTED-106-NN.06-2016.10]; German Research FoundationGerman Research Foundation (DFG) [FOR 1246]; Life Plus Contract [LIFE13 ENV/PL/000048]; National Fund for Environmental Protection and Water Management in Poland Contract [485/2014/WN10/OP-NM-LF/D]; National Natural Scientific Foundation of ChinaNational Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) [31660055, 31660074]; Polish State Forests National Forest Holding; National Science Center (Poland)National Science Centre, Poland [2011/02/A/NZ9/00108]; Dutch Ministry of Economic AffairsMinistry of Economic Affairs, Netherlands; US NASANational Aeronautics & Space Administration (NASA) [11-TE11-0100]; TEAM/Conservation International project; Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazonia; Ministere des Forets, de la Faune et des Parcs du Quebec (Canada); European UnionEuropean Commission [FP7/2007-2013, 265171]; DBT, Government of IndiaDepartment of Biotechnology (DBT) India [BT/PR7928/NDB/52/9/2006]; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of CanadaNatural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)CGIAR; Czech Science FoundationGrant Agency of the Czech Republic [19-14620S, 17-07378S, 17-19376S]; European Research CouncilEuropean Research Council (ERC)European Commission [669609]; RFBRRussian Foundation for Basic Research (RFBR) [16-05-00496]; project implementation demonstration object on the transformation of declining spruce forests into ecologically more stable multi-functional ecosystems, ITMS [26220220026]; Research & Development Operational Program - ERDF; Swedish NFI; Department of Forest Resource Management; Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences SLU; National Research Foundation of South AfricaNational Research Foundation - South Africa [89967, 109244]; South African Research Chair Initiative; University Research Committee of the University of the South Pacific and New Colombo Plan through the Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade of the Australian government; Moore FoundationGordon and Betty Moore Foundation; Buffett Foundation through Conservation International and Wildlife Conservation Society; Belgian Science Policy Office Contract [SD/AR/01A]; German Federal Ministry of Education and Research Grant [FKZ 01LL0908AD]; Programme Tropenbos Cote d'Ivoire Project [04/97-1111a]; Danish Council for Independent Research j Natural Sciences TREECHANGE [6108-00078B]; VILLUM FONDENVillum Foundation [16549]; ERCEuropean Research Council (ERC)European Commission [291585]; Royal Society Wolfson Research Merit AwardRoyal Society of London; UK Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), notably NERC Consortium Grants AMAZONICAUK Research & Innovation (UKRI)Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) [NE/F005806/1]; TROBIT [NE/D005590/1]; BIO-RED [NE/N012542/1]; Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico, CNPqConselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPQ) [312075/2013-8]; Agence Nationale de la Recherche (CEBA)French National Research Agency (ANR) [ANR-10-LABX-25-01]; Norwegian Agency for Development Cooperation (Norad)CGIAR; Australian Department of Foreign Affairs and TradeAustralian Government; European UnionEuropean Commission; International Climate Initiative of the German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation, Building and Nuclear Safety; CGIAR Research Program on Forests, Trees and AgroforestryCGIAR; CGIAR FundCGIAR; Nature and Biodiversity Conservation Union; German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety through the International Climate Initiative; Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e TecnologicoConselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPQ); OP RDE [CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/15_003/0000433]; EC DG VIII [BZ-5041]; NWO-WOTRONetherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO) [W84-204]; GTZ; local communities and NERC; ERCEuropean Research Council (ERC)European Commission; Royal SocietyRoyal Society of LondonEuropean Commission; Leverhume Trust; BOLFOR (Proyecto de Manejo Forestal Sostenible Bolivia); Global Environment Research Fund [F-071, D-1006]; JSPS KAKENHIMinistry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Japan (MEXT)Japan Society for the Promotion of ScienceGrants-in-Aid for Scientific Research (KAKENHI) [JP17K15289]; National Institute of Biology (now the Research Center for Biology), Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Indonesia IFBN Project - ESA [4000114425/15/NL/FF/gp]; NSFNational Science Foundation (NSF) [DBI-1565046, DEB-0424767, DEB-0639393]; NASA Terrestrial Ecology ProgramNational Aeronautics & Space Administration (NASA); Swiss National Science FoundationSwiss National Science Foundation (SNSF)European Commission [130720, 147092]; Spanish Agency for International Development Cooperation (Agencia Espanola de Cooperacion Internacional para el Desarrollo) [D/9170/07, D/018222/08, D/023225/09, D/032548/10]; Universidad Mayor de San Simon; Manejo Forestal en las Tierras Tropicales de Bolivia project; Compania Industrial Maderera Ltda.; Agency for Economic and Environmental Development of the north province of New Caledonia (Projects Ecofor Cogefor); Natural Environment Research Council (United Kingdom)UK Research & Innovation (UKRI)Natural Environment Research Council (NERC); Spanish Agency for International Development Cooperation (Agencia Espanola de Cooperacion Internacional para el Desarrollo); governments of Syria and Lebanon; COBIMFO Project, Federal Science Policy, Belgium; Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia, MexicoConsejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia (CONACyT); Comision Nacional Forestal, Mexico; WWF Russell Train Fellowship [ST54]; Wildlife Conservation Society DRC Program under CARPE; Seoul National University Big Data Institute; Korea Forest Service (the Korea Forestry Promotion Institute) [2013069C10-1719-AA03, S111215L020110]; Science and Engineering Research Board, Government of India [YSS/2015/000479]; Tropenbos International-Suriname; Institute for World Forestry, University of Hamburg; National Centre for Research and Development, Warsaw, Poland, under BIOSTRATEG Program [BIOSTRATEG1/267755/4/NCBR/2015]; General Directorate of State Forests, Warsaw, Poland [OR/2717/3/11, 1/07]; Eberswalde University for Sustainable Development; Pontificia Universidad Catolica del Ecuador; National Forest Programme of the National Institute of Agricultural Research; FAPEAM-PRONEXFundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado do Amazonas (FAPEAM) [2014/14503-7, 2017/05662-2, 03/12595-7]; CNPq/FAPEAM-PELD [403792/2012-6]; ATTO Project [MCTI-FINEP 1759/10, BMBF 01LB1001A]; Long-Term Research Development Project of Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences [RVO 67985939]; Slovak Research and Development Agency Project [APVV-20-0168]; Strategic Science Investment Fund of the New Zealand Ministry for Business, Innovation and Employment; FAPESPFundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (FAPESP) [2014/14503-7, 2017/05662-2]; CNPq UniversalConselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPQ) [479599/2008-4]; NSF GrantNational Science Foundation (NSF) [CIF21 DIBBs: EI: 1724728]; LUCAS programme for the Ministry for the Environment; Human Modified Tropical Forests Programme of NERC [NE/K016377/1]; US NSF Long-Term Ecological Research [DEB-1831944]; Biological Integration Institutes [NSF-DBI-2021898]