Труды сотрудников ИЛ им. В.Н. Сукачева СО РАН

/ M. I. Makarov [et al.] // Eurasian Soil Sci. - 2013. - Vol. 46, Is. 7. - P778-787, DOI 10.1134/S1064229313070053. - Cited References: 32. - This study was supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (project no. 10-04-00780). . - 10. - ISSN 1064-2293РУБ Soil Science

Аннотация: The drying of samples of mountain-meadow soils characterized by their permanently high moisture under natural conditions fundamentally changes the concentrations of the labile nitrogen and carbon compounds, as well as the patterns of their microbial transformation. When the soil samples are dried, a four- to fivefold increase in the content of the extractable organic nitrogen compounds, carbon compounds, and inorganic nitrogen compounds is observed, while the content of nitrogen and carbon of the microbial biomass decreases by two-three times. The rewetting of the dried soil launches the process of the replenishment of the nitrogen and carbon reserves in the microbial biomass. However, even after two weeks of incubation, their values were 1.5-2 times lower than the initial values typical of the natural soil. The restoration of the microbial community in the samples of the previously dried soils occurs in the absence of a deficiency of labile organic compounds and is accompanied by their active mineralization and the low uptake of ammonium nitrogen by the microorganisms.

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Держатели документа:
Makarov, M. I.
Mulyukova, O. S.
Malysheva, T. I.] Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Fac Soil Sci, Moscow 119992, Russia
[Menyailo, O. V.] Russian Acad Sci, Siberian Branch, Sukachev Inst Forestry, Krasnoyarsk, Russia

Доп.точки доступа:
Makarov, M.I.; Mulyukova, O.S.; Malysheva, T.I.; Menyailo, O.V.

[Text] / M. I. Makarov [et al.] // Eurasian Soil Sci. - 2011. - Vol. 44, Is. 12. - P1381-1388, DOI 10.1134/S1064229311100097. - Cited References: 42. - This work was supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (project nos. 08-04-92890 and 10-04-00780). . - 8. - ISSN 1064-2293РУБ Soil Science

Аннотация: The symbiotic fixation of atmospheric nitrogen by leguminous plants in the alpine community of a lichen heath at the Teberda State Biosphere Reserve is well adapted to low soil temperature characteristic for the altitude of 2800 m a.s.l. For the determination of the N fixation by isotopic methods (the method of the natural (15)N abundance and the method of isotopic (15)N dilution), Trifolium polyphyllum was taken as the control plant. This plant was used as it does not form symbiosis with the nitrogen-fixing bacteria in the highlands of the Northern Caucasus Region. The contribution of the N fixation to the N nutrition of different leguminous plant species as determined by the natural (15)N abundance method amounted to 28-73% at delta(15)N(0) = 0aEuro degrees and 46-117% at delta(15)N(0) = -1aEuro degrees; for the determination of the N fixation by the method of the isotopic label's dilution, it was 34-97%. The best correlation of the results obtained by these two isotopic methods was observed for the natural fractionation of the N isotopes in the course of the N fixation in the range of -0.5 to -0.7aEuro degrees. The determination of the nitrogenase activity of the roots by the acetylene method confirmed the absence of N fixation in T. polyphyllum and its different contribution to the N nutrition of different species of leguminous plants.

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Держатели документа:
[Makarov, M. I.
Malysheva, T. I.
Ermak, A. A.
Stepanov, A. L.] Lomonosov Moscow State Univ, Fac Soil Sci, Moscow 119991, Russia
[Onipchenko, V. G.] Lomonosov Moscow State Univ, Fac Biol, Moscow 119991, Russia
[Menyailo, O. V.] Russian Acad Sci, Siberian Branch, Sukachev Inst Forestry, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia

Доп.точки доступа:
Makarov, M.I.; Malysheva, T.I.; Ermak, A.A.; Onipchenko, V.G.; Stepanov, A.L.; Menyailo, O.V.

[Text] / B. . Wild [et al.] // Soil Biol. Biochem. - 2014. - Vol. 75. - P143-151, DOI 10.1016/j.soilbio.2014.04.014. - Cited References: 47. - This study was funded by the Austrian Science Fund (FWF) as part of the International Program CryoCARB (Long-term Carbon Storage in Cryoturbated Arctic Soils; FWF - I370-B17). . - ISSN 0038-0717РУБ Soil Science

Аннотация: Rising temperatures in the Arctic can affect soil organic matter (SOM) decomposition directly and indirectly, by increasing plant primary production and thus the allocation of plant-derived organic compounds into the soil. Such compounds, for example root exudates or decaying fine roots, are easily available for microorganisms, and can alter the decomposition of older SUM ("priming effect"). We here report on a SUM priming experiment in the active layer of a permafrost soil from the central Siberian Arctic, comparing responses of organic topsoil, mineral subsoil, and cryoturbated subsoil material (i.e., poorly decomposed topsoil material subducted into the subsoil by freeze-thaw processes) to additions of C-13-labeled glucose, cellulose, a mixture of amino acids, and protein (added at levels corresponding to approximately 1% of soil organic carbon). SUM decomposition in the topsoil was barely affected by higher availability of organic compounds, whereas SUM decomposition in both subsoil horizons responded strongly. In the mineral subsoil, SUM decomposition increased by a factor of two to three after any substrate addition (glucose, cellulose, amino acids, protein), suggesting that the microbial decomposer community was limited in energy to break down more complex components of SOM. In the cryoturbated horizon, SUM decomposition increased by a factor of two after addition of amino acids or protein, but was not significantly affected by glucose or cellulose, indicating nitrogen rather than energy limitation. Since the stimulation of SUM decomposition in cryoturbated material was not connected to microbial growth or to a change in microbial community composition, the additional nitrogen was likely invested in the production of extracellular enzymes required for SUM decomposition. Our findings provide a first mechanistic understanding of priming in permafrost soils and suggest that an increase in the availability of organic carbon or nitrogen, e.g., by increased plant productivity, can change the decomposition of SUM stored in deeper layers of permafrost soils, with possible repercussions on the global climate. (C) 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/).

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Держатели документа:
[Wild, Birgit
Schnecker, Joerg
Watzka, Margarete
Richter, Andreas] Univ Vienna, Dept Microbiol & Ecosyst Sci, Div Terr Ecosyst Res, Vienna, Austria
[Wild, Birgit
Schnecker, Joerg
Alves, Ricardo J. Eloy
Gittel, Antje
Urich, Tim
Richter, Andreas] Austrian Polar Res Inst, Vienna, Austria
[Alves, Ricardo J. Eloy
Urich, Tim] Univ Vienna, Dept Ecogen & Syst Biol, Div Archaea Biol & Ecogen, Vienna, Austria
[Barsukov, Pavel
Shibistova, Olga] Russian Acad Sci, Siberian Branch, Inst Soil Sci & Agrochem, Novosibirsk, Russia
[Barta, Jiri
Capek, Petr
Santruckova, Hana] Univ South Bohemia, Dept Ecosyst Biol, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
[Gentsch, Norman
Guggenberger, Georg
Mikutta, Robert
Shibistova, Olga] Leibniz Univ Hannover, Inst Soil Sci, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
[Gittel, Antje] Univ Bergen, Ctr Geobiol, Dept Biol, Bergen, Norway
[Lashchinskiy, Nikolay] Russian Acad Sci, Siberian Branch, Cent Siberian Bot Garden, Novosibirsk, Russia
[Shibistova, Olga
Zrazhevskaya, Galina] Russian Acad Sci, Siberian Branch, VN Sukachev Inst Forest, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
ИЛ СО РАН

Доп.точки доступа:
Wild, B...; Schnecker, J...; Alves, RJE; Barsukov, P...; Barta, J...; Capek, P...; Gentsch, N...; Gittel, A...; Guggenberger, G...; Lashchinskiy, N...; Mikutta, R...; Rusalimova, O...; Santruckova, H...; Shibistova, O...; Urich, T...; Watzka, M...; Zrazhevskaya, G...; Richter, A...; Austrian Science Fund (FWF) as part of the International Program CryoCARB [FWF - I370-B17]

[Text] / N. Gentsch [et al.] // Biogeosciences. - 2015. - Vol. 12, Is. 14. - P4525-4542, DOI 10.5194/bg-12-4525-2015. - Cited References:95. - Financial support was provided by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (03F0616A) within the ERANET EUROPOLAR project CryoCARB. N. Gentsch appreciates financial support by the Evangelisches Studienwerk Villigst, and O. Shibistova and G. Guggenberger acknowledge funding by the Russian Ministry of Education and Science (no. 14.B25.31.0031). Contributions from P. Kuhry, G. Hugelius, and J. Palmtag were supported by the Swedish Research Council within the ERANET EUROPOLAR project CryoCARB. Special thanks go to Claudia Borchers for in-depth statistical discussions, Charles Tarnocai for helpful comments on soil descriptions, and all members of the CryoCARB project for the incredible team spirit. We acknowledge support from the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft and the Open Access Publishing Fund of the Leibniz Universitat Hannover. . - ISSN 1726-4170. - ISSN 1726-4189РУБ Ecology + Geosciences, Multidisciplinary

Аннотация: In permafrost soils, the temperature regime and the resulting cryogenic processes are important determinants of the storage of organic carbon (OC) and its small-scale spatial variability. For cryoturbated soils, there is a lack of research assessing pedon-scale heterogeneity in OC stocks and the transformation of functionally different organic matter (OM) fractions, such as particulate and mineral-associated OM. Therefore, pedons of 28 Turbels were sampled in 5m wide soil trenches across the Siberian Arctic to calculate OC and total nitrogen (TN) stocks based on digital profile mapping. Density fractionation of soil samples was performed to distinguish between particulate OM (light fraction, LF, 1.6 g cm(-3)), mineral associated OM (heavy fraction, HF, 1.6 g cm(-3)), and a mobilizable dissolved pool (mobilizable fraction, MoF). Across all investigated soil profiles, the total OC storage was 20.2 +/- 8.0 kgm(-2) (mean +/- SD) to 100 cm soil depth. Fifty-four percent of this OC was located in the horizons of the active layer (annual summer thawing layer), showing evidence of cryoturbation, and another 35% was present in the upper permafrost. The HF-OC dominated the overall OC stocks (55 %), followed by LF-OC (19% in mineral and 13% in organic horizons). During fractionation, approximately 13% of the OC was released as MoF, which likely represents a readily bioavailable OM pool. Cryogenic activity in combination with cold and wet conditions was the principle mechanism through which large OC stocks were sequestered in the subsoil (16.4 +/- 8.1 kgm(-2); all mineral B, C, and permafrost horizons). Approximately 22% of the subsoil OC stock can be attributed to LF material subducted by cryoturbation, whereas migration of soluble OM along freezing gradients appeared to be the principle source of the dominant HF (63 %) in the subsoil. Despite the unfavourable abiotic conditions, low C/N ratios and high delta C-13 values indicated substantial microbial OM transformation in the subsoil, but this was not reflected in altered LF and HF pool sizes. Partial least-squares regression analyses suggest that OC accumulates in the HF fraction due to co-precipitation with multivalent cations (Al, Fe) and association with poorly crystalline iron oxides and clay minerals. Our data show that, across all permafrost pedons, the mineral-associated OM represents the dominant OM fraction, suggesting that the HF-OC is the OM pool in permafrost soils on which changing soil conditions will have the largest impact.

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Держатели документа:
Leibniz Univ Hannover, Inst Soil Sci, Hannover, Germany.
Univ Halle Wittenberg, Soil Sci, D-06108 Halle, Germany.
Univ Vienna, Dept Ecogen & Syst Biol, Vienna, Austria.
Univ South Bohemia, Dept Ecosyst Biol, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic.
Aarhus Univ, Ctr Geomicrobiol, Aarhus, Denmark.
Stockholm Univ, Dept Phys Geog & Quaternary Geol, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden.
Russian Acad Sci, Siberian Branch, Cent Siberian Bot Garden, Novosibirsk, Russia.
Univ Vienna, Dept Microbiol & Ecosyst Sci, Vienna, Austria.
Austrian Polar Res Inst, Vienna, Austria.
Univ New Hampshire, Dept Nat Resources & Environm, Durham, NH 03824 USA.
Russian Acad Sci, Siberian Branch, VN Sukachev Inst Forest, Krasnoyarsk, Russia.
Univ Gothenburg, Dept Earth Sci, Gothenburg, Sweden.

Доп.точки доступа:
Gentsch, N.; Mikutta, R.; Alves, R. J. E.; Barta, J.; Capek, P.; Gittel, A.; Hugelius, G.; Kuhry, P.; Lashchinskiy, N.; Palmtag, J.; Richter, A.; Santruckova, H.; Schnecker, J.; Shibistova, O.; Urich, T.; Wild, B.; Guggenberger, G.; German Federal Ministry of Education and Research within ERANET EUROPOLAR CryoCARB [03F0616A]; Evangelisches Studienwerk Villigst; Russian Ministry of Education and Science [14.B25.31.0031]; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft; Open Access Publishing Fund of the Leibniz Universitat Hannover