Кл.слова (ненормированные):
Blue Rings -- Climate extremes -- Dendrochronology -- Late Antiquity -- Tree rings -- Volcanic eruptions -- Cells -- Climate models -- Earth system models -- Forestry -- Geographical distribution -- Volcanoes -- Blue ring -- Climate extremes -- Cold phasis -- Dendrochronology -- Late antiquity -- Limited resolution -- Little Ice Age -- Spatial extent -- Tree rings -- Volcanic eruptions -- Cytology
Аннотация: Linked to major volcanic eruptions around 536 and 540 CE, the onset of the Late Antique Little Ice Age has been described as the coldest period of the past two millennia. The exact timing and spatial extent of this exceptional cold phase are, however, still under debate because of the limited resolution and geographical distribution of the available proxy archives. Here, we use 106 wood anatomical thin sections from 23 forest sites and 20 tree species in both hemispheres to search for cell-level fingerprints of ephemeral summer cooling between 530 and 550 CE. After cross-dating and double-staining, we identified 89 Blue Rings (lack of cell wall lignification), nine Frost Rings (cell deformation and collapse), and 93 Light Rings (reduced cell wall thickening) in the Northern Hemisphere. Our network reveals evidence for the strongest temperature depression between mid-July and early-August 536 CE across North America and Eurasia, whereas more localised cold spells occurred in the summers of 532, 540–43, and 548 CE. The lack of anatomical signatures in the austral trees suggests limited incursion of stratospheric volcanic aerosol into the Southern Hemisphere extra-tropics, that any forcing was mitigated by atmosphere-ocean dynamical responses and/or concentrated outside the growing season, or a combination of factors. Our findings demonstrate the advantage of wood anatomical investigations over traditional dendrochronological measurements, provide a benchmark for Earth system models, support cross-disciplinary studies into the entanglements of climate and history, and question the relevance of global climate averages. © 2022 Science China Press
Scopus
Держатели документа:
Department of Geography, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EN, United Kingdom
Swiss Federal Research Institute (WSL), Birmensdorf, 8903, Switzerland
Global Change Research Centre (CzechGlobe), Brno, 60300, Czech Republic
Department of Geography, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, 61300, Czech Republic
Forest Biometrics Laboratory, Faculty of Forestry, “Stefan cel Mare” University of Suceava, Suceava, 720229, Romania
Department of Biology, Chemistry and Geography, University of Quebec in Rimouski, Rimouski, Qc. G5L 3A1, Canada
Archaeology & Palaeoecology, School of Natural and Built Environment, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT7 1NN, United Kingdom
Department of Geology, State University of New York at Cortland, Cortland, NY 13045, United States
CNR-IBE, Institute of BioEconomy, National Research Council, Trento, 38121, Italy
School of Environment, The University of Auckland, Auckland, 1010, New Zealand
Laboratorio de Dendrocronologia y Cambio Global, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, 509000, Chile
Center for Climate and Resilience Research (CR), Santiago, 8370449, Chile
Cape Horn International Center (CHIC), Punta Arenas, 6200000, Chile
Institute of Ecology and Geography, Siberian Federal University, Krasnoyarsk, 660041, Russian Federation
Tree-Ring Laboratory, Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, Palisades, NY 10964, United States
Department of Environmental Science, William Paterson University, Wayne, NJ 07470, United States
Department of Geography, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, 55099, Germany
Institute of Plant and Animal Ecology, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Yekaterinburg, 620144, Russian Federation
Ural Institute of Humanities, Ural Federal University, Yekaterinburg, 620002, Russian Federation
Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, United States
Sukachev Institute of Forest SB RAS, Krasnoyarsk, 660036, Russian Federation
Department of Physical Geography, Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, Stockholm, 10691, Sweden
Department of History, Stockholm University, Stockholm, 10691, Sweden
Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, Stockholm, 10691, Sweden
Swedish Collegium for Advanced Study, Uppsala, 75238, Sweden
Initiative for the Science of the Human Past, Department of History-Max Planck Harvard Research Center for the Archaeoscience of the Ancient Mediterranean, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, United States
Institute of Humanities, Siberian Federal University, Krasnoyarsk, 660041, Russian Federation
Department of Geography, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, 6020, Austria
The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
Key Laboratory of Desert and Desertification, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
Change Impacts and Risks in the Anthropocene (C-CIA), Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, 1205, Switzerland
Department of Earth Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, 1205, Switzerland
Department F.-A. Forel for Environmental and Aquatic Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, 1205, Switzerland
National Scientific and Technical Research Council, Instituto Argentino de Nivologia, Glaciologia y Ciencias Ambientales, CP, Mendoza, 5500, Argentina
Department of Earth Sciences, the College of Wooster, Wooster, OH 44691, United States
Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
Доп.точки доступа:
Buntgen, U.; Crivellaro, A.; Arseneault, D.; Baillie, M.; Barclay, D.; Bernabei, M.; Bontadi, J.; Boswijk, G.; Brown, D.; Christie, D. A.; Churakova, O. V.; Cook, E. R.; D'Arrigo, R.; Davi, N.; Esper, J.; Fonti, P.; Greaves, C.; Hantemirov, R. M.; Hughes, M. K.; Kirdyanov, A. V.; Krusic, P. J.; Le Quesne, C.; Ljungqvist, F. C.; McCormick, M.; Myglan, V. S.; Nicolussi, K.; Oppenheimer, C.; Palmer, J.; Qin, C.; Reinig, F.; Salzer, M.; Stoffel, M.; Torbenson, M.; Trnka, M.; Villalba, R.; Wiesenberg, N.; Wiles, G.; Yang, B.; Piermattei, A.