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631.4
A 75

    Fertilizer distribution and sampling techniques in the aerial fertilization of forests
[Текст] / K.A. Armson. - Toronto : University of Toronto, Faculty of Forestry, 1972. - 27 с. : figures + tables. - (Technical Report ; 11). - Библиогр: p. 25-26. - 0-60 р.
УДК

Кл.слова (ненормированные):
methods%results%growth plot establishment%monitoring

Аннотация: A study was made of the actual rates and distribution patterns of aerially applied urea fetilizer using norminal rates of 50 and 100 lb./ac. nitrogen. It was concluded that: 1. The variation in distribution at the 50 lb./ac. N rate was great enough to render such application unsuitable. 2. The amount of fertilizer monitored falling through the tree canopy (jack pine, Pinus banksiana Lamb.) was similar to that monitored in open strips. 3. At nominal rates of 100 lb./ac. N, monitoring catchers of 1 square foot area were as suitable as those of 2 square feet area. 4. The estimated numbers of monitoring catchers needed to measure urea fertilizer at 100 lb./ac. N rate was determined for various assumed levels of accuracy. 5. It was suggested that narrow rectangular monitoring plots using 10 catchers each be used to determine fertilizer distribution and tree growth plot locations. 6. Growth responses to fertilizer treatments are more realistic when related to both a response curve and the area distribution of fertilizer. A system of monitoring catchers and plots is recommended which will enable this to be accomplished. 7. The use of cacodylic acid to kill trees in lines, so that the dead red brown foliage would provide marker lines for the aircraft feasible. It should be noted that although jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.) and balsam fir (Abies balsamea (L.) Mill.) retain their dead foliage for a year or more, the foliage of spruces Picea falls after the tree's death.

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631.4
E 93

    Evaluation of soil organic matter models
[Текст] : using existing long-term datasets / Ed. by David S. Powlson a.o. - Berlin ; Heidelberg ; New York : Springer, 1996. - 429 с. : figures + tables. - (NATO ASI SERIES, Series 1: Global Environmental Change ; 38). - Библиогр: at the end of the papers%ISBN 3-540-60602-5. - 157-50 р.
УДК

Кл.слова (ненормированные):
classification%ecosystem%measurements%fertilizer%carbon changes

Аннотация: Soil organic matter (SOM) represents a major pool of carbon within the biosphere, estimated at about 1400 x 10(15)g globally, roughly twice that in atmospheric CO2. Changes in climate are likely to influence the rates of accumulation and decomposition of carbon in SOM both directly through changes in temperature and moisture, and indirectly through changes in plant growth and rhizodeposition. Other changes, especially in land use and management, will have even greater effects whether caused directly by climate change or by other environmental factors, or by changes in agricultural, economic or social policies

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06
S92

    The uptake and translocation of fertilizer N15 in young trees of Scots pine and Norway spruce
[Text] = Upptagning och translokation av N15 -markt handelsgodselkvave hos och gran : научное издание / H. - Stockholm : Skogshogskolan, 1966. - 18 p. : табл. - (Studia Forestalia Suecica, ISSN 0039-3150 ; № 35). - eng. - Библиогр.: с. 16. - 0.20 р., 0.75 р.
УДК

Кл.слова (ненормированные):
nitrogen -- analysis -- distribution

Аннотация: According to the available information, nitrogen is the nutrient element which is most often the limiting factor for the growth of forest trees in Scandinavia. This paper reports a preliminary investigation, carried out wth the intention of studying the uptake and translocation of fertilizer nitrogen labelled with N15 in young trees of Scots pine and Norway spruce. The investigation was not intended to obtain information on the fertilizer-nitrogen balance in the soil-plant system, nor was it expected to elucidate the quantitative relationships of the uptake nitrogen by forest trees in natural stand

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06
S92

    Distribution and balance of N15 labelled fertilizer nitrogen applied to young pine trees (Pinus sivestris L.)
[Text] = Fordelning och atervining av N15-markt kvave vid golsling i tallungskog : научное издание / E. Bjorkman, G. Lundeberg, H. Nommik. - Stockholm : Skoghogskolan, 1967. - 23 p. : рис., табл. - (Studia Forestalia Suecica, ISSN 0039-3150 ; № 48). - eng. - Библиогр.: с. 22-23. - 1.04 р.
УДК

Кл.слова (ненормированные):
fertilization -- nitrogen budget -- forest stands

Аннотация: The paper deals with material and method (Descriotion of the experimental area, analytical methods); results (Distribution and recovery of added N in the soil prifile), distribution and recovery of added N in the vegetation; discussions and conclusions


Доп.точки доступа:
Lundeberg, G.; Nommik, H.
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06
S92

    An attampt to assess the optimum nitrogen level in Norway spruce under field conditions
[Text] = Ett forsok att faststalla det optimala kvavetillstandet i gran under faltforhallanden : научное издание / C.O. Tamm. - Stockholm : Skogshogskolan, 1968. - 67 p. : рис., табл. - (Studia Forestalia Suecica, ISSN 0039-3150 ; 61). - eng. - Библиогр.: с. 49. - 0.70 р., 0.15 р.
УДК

Кл.слова (ненормированные):
spruce plantations -- fertilizer -- growth

Аннотация: The nitrogen application increased growth. At first both height and diameter growth were affected. Later, the main growth increase was in diameter and volume growth. Also Pk application increased volume yield. Possible secondary effects of the fertilizer applications and the relationships between internal nutrient leveles and growth are discussed in some detail. The value of long-term optimum nutrition experiments in the future study of forest nutrition is pointed out

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06
S92

    Recovery and vertical distribution of 15N labelled fertilizer nitrogen in forest soil
[Text] = Atervinning och vertikal fordelning av 15N- markt handelsgodselkvave i skogsmark : научное издание / H. Nommik, B. Popovic. - Stockholm : Skogshogskolan, 1971. - 20 p. : рис., табл. - (Studia Forestalia Suecica, ISSN 0039-3150 ; № 92). - eng. - Библиогр.: с. 19. - 0.20 р.
УДК

Кл.слова (ненормированные):
old stands -- litter -- humus layers

Аннотация: Laterally isolated micro-plots were used for studying the recovery and vertical distribution of various sources of 15N-labelled fertilizer nitrogen in the soil beneath a 90 years' old stand of Scots pine. The fate of the added nitrogen was followed by sampling and analysing the field layer vegetation, litter and soil after different time intervals during the growing season 1968 (4 times) and also in spring 1969 (once). Of the calcium nitrate, ammonium sulphate and urea-N added, the amounts recovered at the end of the experiment were 23, 63 and 76 per cent, respectively. Less than ten per cent of the recovered N was in inorganic form. Urea-N showed the lowest mobility of the fertilizers applied, and tended to accumulate in the litter and humus layers.


Доп.точки доступа:
Popovic, B.
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06
S92

    Intensive fertilization with nitrogen as stressing factor in a spruce ecosystem. I. Soil effects
[Text] = Intensiv kvavegodsling som stressfaktor i ett granskogsekosystem. I. Markreaktioner : научное издание / C.O. Tamm, B. Popovic. - Stockholm : Skogshogskolan, 1974. - 31 p. : рис., табл. - (Studia Forestalia Suecica, ISSN 0039-3150 ; № 121). - eng. - Библиогр.: с. 30. - ISBN 91-38-02117-X : 0.50 р.
УДК

Кл.слова (ненормированные):
nitrogen mineralization -- leaching -- nitrate

Аннотация: Soil studies were carried out before and after clear felling of an intensively fertilized young spruce plantation on old arable land. Particular attention was devoted to nitrogen mineralisation, nitrification, and leaching. Notable amounts of nitrate in the soil occurred before felling only on plots receiving high doses of ammonium nitrate, after clear felling also on some plots with no or low nitrogen supply. Marked quantities of nitrate nitrogen were observed in the deeper soil layers during fertilizer experiment in plots with high fertilizer additions. The soil reaction indicated an acidification as a result of fertilizer treatment. In a pot experiment with soil from the field experiment the nitrate leaching by percolation was studied.


Доп.точки доступа:
Popovic, B.
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06
S92

    Effects of spacing and fertilization on four grafted clones of Scots pine
[Text] = Inverkan av forband och godsling pa utvecklingen av tallympar av fyra olika kloner : научное издание / H.H. Hattemer, E. Andersson, C.O. Tamm. - Stockholm : Skogshogskolan, 1977. - 31 p. : рис., табл. - (Studia Forestalia Suecica, ISSN 0039-3150 ; № 141). - eng. - Библиогр.: с. 31. - ISBN 91-38-03734-3 : 1.20 р.
УДК

Кл.слова (ненормированные):
different spacing -- measurements -- tree properties

Аннотация: An experiment was made with grafts of four different clones of Scots pine planted in 1963 in poor sandy soil, with two different spacings and with and without an annual supply of fertilizers from 1964 onwards. The nutrient status of the pines was followed by foliar analysis of needles sampled every autumn. Measurements of a great number of traits were made in 1967 and 1969 and subsequent statistical anlyses showed that both clones and treatment had significant effects on tree properties. Fertilizer strongly affected many properties, such as diameter, branch length, and diameter, cone setting and needle length.


Доп.точки доступа:
Andersson, E.; Tamm, C.O.
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06
S92

    Nitrogen recovery in soil and needle biomass after fertilization of a Scots pine stand, and growth responses obtained
[Text] = Atervinning av godselkvave i mark och barrbiomassa hos ett tallbestand, samt tillvaxtreaktioner : научное издание / H. Nommik, G. Moller. - Uppsala : The Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, College of Forestry, 1981. - 37 p. : рис., табл. - (Studia Forestalia Suecica, ISSN 0039-3150 ; № 159). - eng. - Библиогр.: с. 37. - ISBN 91-38-06440-5 : 1.20 р.
УДК

Кл.слова (ненормированные):
methods -- control -- accumulation

Аннотация: The distribution of fertilizer nitrogen in soil and needle biomass of an 120-year-old stand of Scots pine was studied over a period of six years. The nitrogen was applied as ammonium nitrate or urea and at rates of 150, 300 and 600 kg N per hectare. The soil investigations showed that at the lowest nitrogen application rate, 21% of the ammonium nitrate and 49% of the urea nitrogen were immobilized in the soil in nonexchangeable form. For the corresponding treatments the losses by leaching were estimated to 30-40% and 0-10%, respectively.The accumulation of fertilizer nitrogen in the needle biomass culminated during the third growing season. Relative to control, the total nitrogen accumulation for the lowest ammonium nitrate and urea application rates then amounted to 174 and 134% respectively. As regards volume growth, the ammonium nitrate was greatky superior to urea at the two lowest nitrogen application rates. The dose of 600 kg N per hectare provids to be over-optimal as far as the ammonium nitrate source of nitrogen was concerned.


Доп.точки доступа:
Moller, G.
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06
S92

    Peatland fertilization: Short-term chemical effects on runoff water
[Text] : научное издание / L. Lundin, B. Bergquist. - Uppsala : The Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, College of Forestry, 1985. - 18 p. : рис., табл. - (Studia Forestalia Suecica, ISSN 0039-3150 ; № 171). - eng. - Библиогр.: с. 17-18. - ISBN 91-576-2399-6 : 0.50 р.
УДК

Кл.слова (ненормированные):
fertilization -- peatland -- runoff -- water chemistry

Аннотация: In peatland forestry, fertilization is often needed to reach a good yield. Phosphorus and potassium are mainly used, but on nutrient poor fens and bogs nitrogen also has to be added. These fertilizers affect the environment and thereby influence the runoff waters.The aim of this investigation were to determine the concentrations of fertilizer compounds in runoff water downstream from the fertilized mires and to calculate the losses of applied fertilizers. Consequences on pH and biota, primarily fish, from increased concentrations of fertlizers in the runoff waters were to be investigated


Доп.точки доступа:
Bergquist, B.
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06
S92

    Crown development of Scots pine trees following thinning and nitrogen fertilization
[Text] : научное издание / E. Valinger. - Uppsala : The Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, College of Forestry, 1993. - 12 p. : рис., табл. - (Studia Forestalia Suecica, ISSN 0039-3150 ; № 188). - eng. - Библиогр.: с. 11-12. - ISBN 91-576-4694-5 : 5.00 р.
УДК

Кл.слова (ненормированные):
biomass -- branches -- cones -- growth distribution -- urea fertilizer

Аннотация: This paper describes changes in crown development, including: numbers of branches, shoot axes and buds produced, branch elongation and main axes, production of shoot axes, needles, buds, cones, and dead material on live branches, and distribution of growth to the upper crown

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06
S92

    Estimation of volume, total and projected area of Scots pine needles from their regression on length
[Text] : научное издание / J.G.K. Flower-Ellis, L. Olsson. - Uppsala : The Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, College of Forestry, 1993. - 19 p. : рис., табл. - (Studia Forestalia Suecica, ISSN 0039-3150 ; № 190). - eng. - Библиогр.: с. 17-19. - ISBN 91-576-4779-8 : 340.00 р.
УДК

Кл.слова (ненормированные):
Pinus sylvestris -- needles -- fertilizer

Аннотация: The study had three aims: 1. Todescribe a procedure for measuring basic needles dimensions on transverse sections, and to assess sources of error associated with it. 2. To discover to what extent the application of mineral nutrients affects the basic dimensions of Scots pine needles. 3. To establish relationships between a radily measured character, such as needle length, and the volume, total and projected area of individual needles.


Доп.точки доступа:
Olsson, L.
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06
F54

    Apatiitti ja flogopiitti fosfori- ja kaliumlannoitteina suomannikoissa
[Text] = Apatite and phlogopite as phosphorus and potassium fertilizers in peatland pine forests : научное издание / S. Kaunisto, M. Moilanen, J. Issakainen. - Helsinki : Metsantutkimuslaitos, 1993. - 30 с. : рис., табл. - (Folia Forestalia ; № 810). - fin. - Библиогр.: с. 20. - ISSN 0015-5543. - ISBN 951-40-1309-3 : 800.00 р.
УДК

Кл.слова (ненормированные):
foliar nutrients -- soil nutrients -- tree growth -- fertilization -- Pinus sylvestris

Аннотация: Tree nutrition and growth were studied while using apatite and rock phosphate as phosphorus, and phlogopite and potassium chloride as potassium sources for pine on peatlands. Different fertilizer materials were compared in the following combinations: rock phosphate+potassium chloride, apatite+phlogopite and rock phosphate+phlogopite. The study involved nine different experiments totalling 116 plots. Most of the sites were deficient in phosphorus and potassium. Peat nitrogen content ranged from low (0.9 %) to fairly high (2.6 %) concentrations. Apatite was a satisfactory phosphorus source for trees, but the effects on both needle phosphorus concentrations and tree growth were slower than with rock phosphate. The dealy of growth was 3-8 years. Phlogopite increased the peat total potassium contents slightly more than potassium chloride. Phlogopite raised needle potassium concentrations during the first 2-6 years after fertilization less than potassium chloride.


Доп.точки доступа:
Moilanen, M.; Issakainen, J.
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06
F54

    Talvilannoituksen vaikutus ravinteiden huuhtoutumiseen karulta suolta
[Text] = Leaching of nutrients from an ombrotrophic peatland area after fertilizer application on snow : научное издание / M. Nieminen, E. Ahti. - Helsinki : Metsantutkimuslaitos, 1993. - 22 с. : рис., табл. - (Folia Forestalia ; № 814). - fin. - Библиогр.: с 19-20. - ISSN 0015-5543. - ISBN 951-40-1330-1 : 2100.00 р.
УДК

Кл.слова (ненормированные):
phosphorus -- nitrogen -- leaching -- fertilization -- peatlands

Аннотация: The leaching of elements from artificial basins (drained in 1967) in Central Finland was studied. 4 basins were fertilized in 1987 before snowmelt, and 4 basins after snowmelt. 500 kg/ha of a commercial PK-fertilizer and 215 kg/ha of urea were applied. 8 basins were left unfertilized. Extremely high runoff water N-, P-, K-< Ca-, Mg-, Na-, S- and B-concentrations were observed during the snowmelt period. Except for nitrogen, considerable leaching occurred from the basins that were fertilized after snowmelt as well. The distinct decrease in runoff water pH as well as long-term leaching of phosphorus appear to be the most serious environmental effects of the fertilizations.


Доп.точки доступа:
Ahti, E.
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