[Текст] : научное издание / Юлия Андреевна Пономарева, Полина Владимировна Постникова // Вестник Томского государственного университета. Биология. - 2017. -
№ 38. - С. 167-182,
DOI 10.17223/19988591/38/10
. - ISSN 1998-8591
Перевод заглавия: Temporal dynamics of structural and functional characteristics of the Yenisei river
phytoplankton downstream of the Krasnoyarsk hydroelectric power station
Аннотация: Представлены результаты изучения формирования фитопланктонного сообщества и флуоресцентных характеристик вод в условиях сброса высоконапорной Красноярской ГЭС. Сезонные и межгодовые изменения фитопланктона оценивали на основе численности и биомассы клеток фитопланктона, а также концентрации хлорофилла а. Выявлены закономерности сезонных сукцессий и межгодовых вариаций структурно-функциональных характеристик фитопланктона. Обнаружено, что основу флористического списка в реке Енисей составляют диатомовые водоросли (66% от общего видового состава), преобладающие в планктоне во все сезоны года. Наибольший вклад в общую численность и биомассу фитопланктона вносят нанофитопланктон (2-20 мкм) и микрофитопланктон (20-64 мкм). В комплекс доминантов вранневесенний период входили Diatoma vulgare Bory и Hannaea arcus (Ehrb.) Patr., в летний - Aulacoseira islandica (O. Mull.) Sim. и Cyclotella radiosa (Grun.) Lemm., позднелетний - Fragilaria crotonensis Kitt. Вместе с тем на фоне увеличивающегося видового разнообразия и интенсивного развития водорослей в весенне-летний период отмечен спад концентрации хлорофилла а. Установлено, что во все рассматриваемые годы пики численности и биомассы фитопланктона приходятся на июнь за счет колониальных диатомовых водорослей, попадающих в нижний бьеф со стоком из верхнего бьефа.
The Yenisei River is the biggest waterway in Siberia. In the second half of the 20th century, the Yenisei River was overlapped by dams, and it deeply damaged the natural hydrological, hydrochemical and hydrobiological regimes of the river. As a result of constructing the Krasnoyarsk hydroelectric power station, a significant river component -
phytoplankton, which occupies the central place in the formation of the aquatic ecosystem - has changed downstream of the river. In the river,
phytoplankton is formed from phytoperiphyton and allochthonous algae, including
phytoplankton species of upstream reservoirs. Therefore, knowledge of transformation laws of
phytoplankton species composition, which occurs during the regulation of the river flow and formation of reservoirs, may contribute to the development of ideas about changing the aquatic communities. The aim of this research was to explore the formation of
phytoplankton under the conditions of water discharge in the Krasnoyarsk HPS and to study chlorophyll a concentration. We collected
phytoplankton samples at a distance of 34 km below the Krasnoyarsk HPS (55°59'1.8"N, 92°47'13.4"E) in 2008-2014 and analyzed them according standard hydrobiological methods (See Table). In 2012-2014, we measured fluorescent water characteristics along with the study of algae. We took the nomenclature for algae considering taxonomic transformations according to the system adopted by the International algae database (http://www.algaebase.org). A quantitative processing of
phytoplankton samples was conducted daily, species composition and biomass of algae was determined weekly. In size, algae cells were differentiated according to Rainey. The degree of complexity of
phytoplankton communities was determined calculating the Shannon species diversity index (by biomass). The dominant algae included species making the main contribution into the total
phytoplankton biomass. In 20122014, along with the study of algae, we determined chlorophyll а concentration by fluorimetric method, weekly (See Fig. 3). We collected and processed a total of 2453 qualitative and quantitative
phytoplankton samples for the period of study; 89 samples to determine chlorophyll а content. Altogether, we found 99 species, kinds and forms of algae from 6 groups in the river
phytoplankton. In the Yenisei River, diatoms, which predominate in plankton in all seasons, are characterized by the maximum number of species. There is a certain sequence in the appearance of dominant algae. From late April to late May, Diatoma vulgare Bory and Hannaea arcus (Ehrb.) Patr. were recorded in quantities, in June -Aulacoseira islandica (O. Mull.) Sim., in July - Cyclotella radiosa (Grun.) Lemm., in August - Fragilaria crotonensis Kitt. (See Fig. 1). Upstream of the Krasnoyarsk reservoir A. islandica had a dominant position in nephotic cold layer in June, in July and August - C. radiosa; F. crotonensis was a subdominant. It is known that deep water discharge through the dam (18-40 м) is specific for the Krasnoyarsk reservoir. This causes the flow of algae over the dam. In general, the dynamics of the total number and the total biomass of
phytoplankton had the form of unimodal curve within the year (with a peak in June) (See Fig. 2). Nanophytoplankton (2-20 mkm) and microphytoplankton (20-64 mkm) made the biggest contribution to the total biomass of
phytoplankton. We recorded peaks of number and biomass of
phytoplankton in June in all years in question. We found that the percentage of chlorophyll content per
phytoplankton biomass unit had seasonal variations and increased in winter (See Fig. 5). It is known, that the concentration of chlorophyll a depends on dimensional structure of
phytoplankton. In spring and summer, the domination of algae cells with bigger volumes in
phytoplankton caused a decrease in chlorophyll а concentration.
РИНЦ Держатели документа: Институт вычислительного моделирования СО РАН
Доп.точки доступа: Пономарева, Юлия Андреевна; Ponomareva Yulia A.; Постникова, Полина Владимировна; Postnikova Polina V.
