/ A. V. Andriаnоvа [и др.] // Vestn. Tomsk. Gos. Univ. Biol. - 2019. -
Vol. 2019,
Is. 45. - С. 142-163,
DOI 10.17223/19988591/45/8
. - ISSN 1998-8591
Перевод заглавия: Кормовая база и потенциал рыбопродуктивности бассейна Енисея (верхнее и среднее течение)
Аннотация: The Yenisey basin had been famous for its fish richness for a long time, and the core of the fishery had been such valuable species as salmon, whitefish and sturgeon. However, the construction of the Angara-Yenisey cascade of hydroelectric power stations, domestic and industrial waste pollution, and intensive consumer catching played a huge role in changing fish habitats and the structure of ichtyocoenosis. The complex anthropogenic load eventually led to a reduction in stocks and a decrease in the natural reproduction of valuable and highly valued fish species. To preserve and restore natural populations of valuable fish species, it is necessary to increase the efficiency of reproduction, both natural and artificial. On the other hand, successful implementation of aquaculture plants is impossible without assessing fish stocks, their demographic status, habitat conditions and capacious information about the feed base. The aim of this research was to reveal the current development level of ichthyofauna and feed base in the Yenisey basin, and, on this basis, to assess the potential fish productivity and the maximum allowable volumes of introduction of juvenile fish as objects of artificial reproduction. In 2015, we carried out zoobenthos and ichthyofauna studies in the Yenisey and the
rivers of its basin (Abakan, Mana, Kan, Agul, Kungus) (See Table 1). In the Yenisey, the material was collected from 5 stations in the upper reaches (the Republics of Tyva and Khakassia) and 10 stations in the middle reaches (from the dam of the Krasnoyarsk HPS to the mouth of the Angara River); in the tributaries of the Yenisey there were from 4 (Kungus River) to 10 (Mana River) stations. In the collection and processing of ichthyological and hydrobiological material, we used generally accepted methods. Zoobenthos samples were taken in watercourse ripals; fishing was confined to the sites of hydrobiological sampling. We assessed potential fish productivity based on the reserve of benthic feeding organisms’ production. The total biomass of forage organisms (zoobenthos) was calculated taking into account the area of the water body. The maximum allowable amount of immigration of juveniles (larvae) of artificial reproduction objects, which can be released into a water body, was determined based on the reserve of production of food organisms, as well as taking into account the yield to the fishery (the commercial stock replenishment factor) and the average mass of fish producers. In total, we carried out 54 control catches with fixed nets and 30 catches with drift nets. Ichtyocenoses were described according to Gadinov and Dolgikh (2008) and Zadelenov et al. (2004). This research presents the results of studying 175 zoobenthos samples and approximately 600 fish samples selected for a comprehensive biological analysis. In the benthic fauna of the investigated watercourses, lithoreophilic organisms predominated, they populated stony soils on a fast current. The basis of biomass in the upper reaches of the Yenisey and in its tributaries was mayflies, stoneflies and caddis flies; within the republic of Khakassia and in the middle reaches of the Yenisey, amphipods and chironomids took the lead (See Fig. 1). The Yenisei was characterized by a low biomass in the upper reaches (4.2 g/m 2 ) and the maximum biomass in the area from the Mainskaya dam to the city of Abakan (19.5 g/m 2 ), where Baikal-born amphipods develop in bulk. High values were found in the Mana and Kan
Rivers (12.3 and 10.8 g/m 2 , correspondingly) with caddisflies’ domination. In the Abakan, Agul and Kungus
Rivers, the biomass did not exceed 8 g/m 2 , on average, the main contribution was made by stoneflies (See Fig. 2). Grayling, dace and perch dominated in the studied areas in ichthyocenoses of the Yenisey; the tributaries of the Yenisey belong to the salmon-like type, the basis of the ichthyofauna was taimen, lenok and grayling (See Fig. 3). Since there are no obligate plankton eaters in the ichthyofauna of the investigated
rivers, the potential fish productivity was calculated on the basis of the reserve of zoobenthos production. The upper reaches of the Yenisey and tributaries of the Abakan and Agul
Rivers are characterized by the lowest potential fish productivity (less than 20 kg/ha) (See Table 2). In the Yenisey from the Mainskaya HPS to Abakan (Republic of Khakassia), the potential fish productivity reaches the maximum (96 kg/ha) due to the abundance of higher aquatic vegetation in the ripal of the river, which is densely populated by amphipods. However, food objects in macrophyte thickets are difficult to access for mass consumption by adult fish, so we did not take into account the fish productivity of the shallow-water zone when calculating the receiving capacity in this area. The total maximum permissible volume of introduction of grown-up juvenile fish (mainly taimen, lenok, grayling) into the studied watercourses for the purposes of artificial reproduction can reach 140 million pieces (See Table 3). The greatest receiving capacity (53 million pieces) is possessed by the Yenisey (on the area from the dam of the Krasnoyarsk HPS to the Angara River), the lowest by the Agul River and its tributary Kungus (5.4 and 2.3 million pieces, correspondingly). The received values of the permissible volumes of juvenile infestation of the studied watercourses give an idea that the fishery potential of the studied watercourses is very high. Nevertheless, to restore the population of fish valuable for the region through artificial reproduction, it is necessary to develop a whole range of measures, including the protection of aquatic biological resources and the rational organization of the fishery. © 2019 Tomsk State University. All rights reserved.
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РИНЦ Держатели документа: Environmental Monitoring Technologies Department, Institute of Computational Modeling, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 50 Akademgorodok, Krasnoyarsk, 660036, Russian Federation
Krasnoyarsk Branch of VNIRO (Scientific Research Institute of Ecology of Fishery Reservoirs), 33 Parizhskoi Kommuny Str., Krasnoyarsk, 660097, Russian Federation
Доп.точки доступа: Andriаnоvа, A. V.; Derbineva, E. V.; Gadinov, A. N.; Krivolutskiy, D. А.; Melnikov, I. I.
