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Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Pis'man T.I., Pechurkin N.S., Sarangova A.B., Somova L.A.
Заглавие : Experimental models of small closed systems with spatially separated unicellular organism-based components.
Место публикации : Life support & biosphere science : international journal of earth space. - 1999. - Vol. 6, Is. 2. - С. 133-139. - ISSN 10699422 (ISSN)
Ключевые слова (''Своб.индексиров.''): carbon dioxide--nitrogen--animal--article--biomass--candida--chlorella--ecosystem--growth, development and aging--metabolism--microclimate--paramecium--photosynthesis--physiology--animals--biomass--candida--carbon dioxide--chlorella--ecological systems, closed--ecosystem--nitrogen--paramecium--photosynthesis
Аннотация: Experimental models of small biotic cycles of different degree of closure and complexity with spatially separated components based on unicellular organisms have been studied. Gas closure of components looped into "autotroph-heterotroph" (chlorella-yeast) system doubled the lifetime of the system (as opposed to individually cultivated components). Higher complexity of the heterotroph component consisting of two yeast species also increased the lifetime of the system through more complete utilization of the substrate by competing yeast species. The lifetime of gas and substrate closed "producer-consumer" trophic chain (chlorella-paramecia) increased to 7 months. In 60 days the components' numbers reached their steady state followed by more than 40 cycles of the medium. The role of a predator organism (protozoan) in nitrogen cycling was demonstrated; reproduction of protozoa correlated directly with their emission of nitrogen in the ammonia form that is most optimum for growth of chlorella.
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Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Tikhomirov A.A., Ushakova S.A., Manukovsky N.S., Lisovsky G.M., Kudenko Yu.A., Kovalev V.S., Gubanov V.G., Barkhatov Yu.V., Gribovskaya I.V., Zolotukhin I.G., Gros J.B., Lasseur Ch.
Заглавие : Mass exchange in an experimental new-generation life support system model based on biological regeneration of environment
Место публикации : Advances in Space Research. - 2003. - Vol. 31, Is. 7. - С. 1711-1720. - ISSN 02731177 (ISSN) , DOI 10.1016/S0273-1177(03)80017-0
Ключевые слова (''Своб.индексиров.''): biomass--photosynthesis--plants (botany)--transpiration--mass exchange--life support systems (spacecraft)--ammonia--nitrogen--oxygen--biosphere--animal--annelid worm--article--biological model--biomass--bioremediation--evaluation--growth, development and aging--human--metabolism--microclimate--photosynthesis--pleurotus--radish--wheat--ammonia--animals--biodegradation, environmental--biomass--ecological systems, closed--evaluation studies--humans--life support systems--models, biological--nitrogen--oligochaeta--oxygen--photosynthesis--pleurotus--raphanus--triticum
Аннотация: An experimental model of a biological life support system was used to evaluate qualitative and quantitative parameters of the internal mass exchange. The photosynthesizing unit included the higher plant component (wheat and radish), and the heterotrophic unit consisted of a soil-like substrate, California worms, mushrooms and microbial microflora. The gas mass exchange involved evolution of oxygen by the photosynthesizing component and its uptake by the heterotroph component along with the formation and maintaining of the SLS structure, growth of mushrooms and California worms, human respiration, and some other processes. Human presence in the system in the form of "virtual human" that at regular intervals took part in the respirative gas exchange during the experiment. Experimental data demonstrated good oxygen/carbon dioxide balance, and the closure of the cycles of these gases was almost complete. The water cycle was nearly 100% closed. The main components in the water mass exchange were transpiration water and the watering solution with mineral elements. Human consumption of the edible plant biomass (grains and roots) was simulated by processing these products by a unique physicochemical method of oxidizing them to inorganic mineral compounds, which were then returned into the system and fully assimilated by the plants. The oxidation was achieved by "wet combustion" of organic biomass, using hydrogen peroxide following a special procedure, which does not require high temperature and pressure. Hydrogen peroxide is produced from the water inside the system. The closure of the cycle was estimated for individual elements and compounds. Stoichiometric proportions are given for the main components included in the experimental model of the system. Approaches to the mathematical modeling of the cycling processes are discussed, using the data of the experimental model. Nitrogen, as a representative of biogenic elements, shows an almost 100% closure of the cycle inside the system. The proposed experimental model of a biological system is discussed as a candidate for potential application in the investigations aimed at creating ecosystems with largely closed cycles of the internal mass exchange. The formation and maintenance of sustainable cycling of vitally important chemical elements and compounds in biological life support systems (BLSS) is an extremely pressing problem. To attain the stable functioning of biological life support systems (BLSS) and to maintain a high degree of closure of material cycles in them, it is essential to understand the character of mass exchange processes and stoichiometric proportions of the initial and synthesized components of the system. В© 2003 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
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Вид документа : Статья из сборника (выпуск продолж. издания)
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Tikhomirov A.A., Gitelson J.I., Ushakova S.A., Kovaleva N.P., Tikhomirova N.A., Gribovskaya I.V.
Заглавие : The possible way of introducing mineral elements of liquid human wastes into the material cycle in biological life support systems
Место публикации : International Astronautical Federation - 55th International Astronautical Congress 2004. - 2004. - Vol. 3: International Astronautical Federation - 55th International Astronautical Congress 2004 (4 October 2004 through 8 October 2004, Vancouver) Conference code: 69653. - С. 1442-1448
Ключевые слова (''Своб.индексиров.''): biomass--body fluids--hydrogen peroxide--life support systems (spacecraft)--solid wastes--biological life support systems--intrasystem material cycle--liquid human wastes--plant biomass--waste management
Аннотация: Along with the atmosphere, water and food regeneration processes in biological life support systems it is important to provide units and links responsible for utilization of unused plant biomass, human wastes and returning, if possible, the most of wastes into the intrasystem material cycle. The experience on construction of biological life support systems (BLSS) gained by the Institute of Biophysics SB RAS (Krasnoyarsk, Russia) allows us to suggest constructing an integrated biological-physical-chemical life support system with the biological unit predominating. It is possibly to partially mineralize urine and solid wastes by "wet incineration" by hydrogen peroxide in electric field. We suggest decomposing urea by a urease-enzymatic method using soybean or canavalia flour containing sufficient amount of urease. Consumption of 1.5 g of flour for decomposition of urea in daily urine and the possibility of producing flour from soybeans and canavalia grown inside the system make this method of urea decomposition rather prospective. Further ammonia distillation using the nitrification unit and evaporation of solution would make possible to return nitrogen and water back into the intrasystem cycle. Probably, in long-duration space expeditions the utilization of urine would be confined only by extraction of nitrogen and water from urine with further removal of dry residue to the stock, as the problem of returning sodium chloride into the intrasystem cycling has not been solved yet. As all biogenic elements contained in urine (except nitrogen) get lost at that, the solution of the problem with introducing NaCl and mineral elements into the cycle with the help of halophyte plants Salicornia europaea are of sufficient interest. This work presents the experimental results of growing Salicornia europaea on model solutions containing biogenic elements in the amounts equivalent to their content in urine and on urine, which undergone physically-chemically treatment by peroxide and ammonia distillation after urease-enzymatic decomposition. Taking into consideration that the mineral elements content in urine can vary, 2 variants of model solutions were used. In the first variant the content of P was 8-fold, S - 7-fold, K - 8-fold higher than in Knop's solution; the content of Ca and Mg almost complied with that in Knop's solution. In the variant P was 12-fold, S - 17-fold, K - 17-fold, Ca - 6-fold and Mg was 8-fold higher than in Knop's solution. The content of N and NaCl in both variants was the same and constituted 0.18 g/l and 10 g/l respectively. The results of carried experiments showed that growing plants on urine treated in the above-mentioned way is possible; though the productivity of plants would be less than on model solutions. The reasons of plant productivity drop and the possible ways of their removal have been discussed.
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Вид документа : Статья из сборника (однотомник)
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Pisman T.I., Galayda Y.V., Shirobokova I.M.
Заглавие : Experimental and mathematical modeling of the consumer's influence on productivity of algae in a model aquatic ecosystem
Колич.характеристики :7 с
Место публикации : SPACE LIFE SCIENCES: CLOSED ECOLOGICAL SYSTEMS: EARTH AND SPACE APPLICATIONS. Ser. ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH-SERIES: PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD, 2005. - Vol. 35: Workshop on Closed Ecological Systems (JUL, 2004, Paris, FRANCE), Is. 9. - P1521-1527. - ISBN 0273-1177, DOI 10.1016/j.asr.2004.12.048
Примечания : Cited References: 10
Ключевые слова (''Своб.индексиров.''): producer--consumer--nitrogen cycling--mathematical modeling
Аннотация: A "producer-consumer" (Chlorella vulgaris-Paramecium caudatum) closed aquatic system has been investigated experimentally and theoretically. It has been found that there is a direct relationship between the growth of the paramecia population and their release of ammonia nitrogen, which is the best form of nitrogen for Chlorella growth. The theoretical study of a model of a "producer-consumer" aquatic biotic cycle with spatially separated compartments has confirmed the contribution of paramecia to nitrogen cycling. It has been shown that an increase in the concentration of nitrogen released as metabolites of paramecia is accompanied by an increase in the productivity of microalgae. (c) 2005 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Tikhomirova N.A., Ushakova S.A., Kovaleva N.P., Gribovskaya I.V., Tikhomirov A.A.
Заглавие : Influence of high concentrations of mineral salts on production process and NaCl accumulation by Salicornia europaea plants as a constituent of the LSS phototroph link
Место публикации : Advances in Space Research. - 2005. - Vol. 35, Is. 9 SPEC. ISS. - С. 1589-1593. - ISSN 02731177 (ISSN) , DOI 10.1016/j.asr.2005.01.055
Ключевые слова (''Своб.индексиров.''): blss--intensity of par--mineral nutrition--productivity--salicornia europaea--biomass--concentration (process)--nitrogen--nutrition--photosynthesis--productivity--sodium chloride--bioregenerative life support systems (blss)--intensity of par--mineral nutrition--salicornia europaea--plants (botany)--calcium--magnesium--nitrogen--phosphorus--potassium--sodium chloride--sulfur--urea--biomass--conference paper--culture medium--dose response--drug effect--goosefoot--growth, development and aging--human--light--metabolism--microclimate--radiation exposure--urine--biomass--calcium--chenopodiaceae--culture media--dose-response relationship, drug--ecological systems, closed--humans--life support systems--light--magnesium--nitrogen--phosphorus--potassium--sodium chloride--sulfur--urea--urine
Аннотация: Use of halophytes (salt-tolerant vegetation), in a particular vegetable Salicornia europaea plants which are capable of utilizing NaCl in rather high concentrations, is one of possible means of NaCl incorporation into mass exchange of bioregenerative life support systems. In preliminary experiments it was shown that S. europaea plants, basically, could grow on urine pretreated with physicochemical processing and urease-enzyme decomposing of urea with the subsequent ammonia distillation. But at the same time inhibition of the growth process of the plants was observed. The purpose of the given work was to find out the influence of excessive quantities of some mineral elements contained in products of physicochemical processing of urine on the production process and NaCl accumulation by S. europaea plants. As the content of mineral salts in the human liquid wastes (urine) changed within certain limits, two variants of experimental solutions were examined. In the first variant, the concentration of mineral salts was equivalent to the minimum salt content in the urine and was: K - 1.5 g/l, P - 0.5 g/l, S - 0.5 g/l, Mg - 0.07 g/l, Ca - 0.2 g/l. In the second experimental variant, the content of mineral salts corresponded to the maximum salt content in urine and was the following: K - 3.0 g/l, P - 0.7 g/l, S - 1.2 g/l, Mg - 0.2 g/l, Ca - 0.97 g/l. As the control, the Tokarev nutrient solution containing nitrogen in the form of a urea, and the Knop nutrient solution with nitrogen in the nitrate form were used. N quantity in all four variants made up 177 mg/l. Air temperature was 24 В°C, illumination was continuous. Light intensity was 690 ?mol/m2s of photosynthetically active radiation. NaCl concentration in solutions was 1%. Our researches showed that the dry aboveground biomass of an average plant of the first variant practically did not differ from the control and totaled 11 g. In the second variant, S. europaea productivity decreased and the dry aboveground biomass of an average plant totaled 8 g. The increase of K quantity in the experimental solutions resulted in an elevated content of the element in the plants. The increase of K uptake in the second experimental variant was accompanied by a 30-50% decrease of Na content in comparison with the other variants. Comparative Na content in the other variants was practically identical. N, Mg and P content in the control and experimental variants was also practically identical. The increase of S quantity in the second experimental variant also increased S uptake by the plants. But Ca quantity, accumulated in aboveground plants biomass in the experimental variants was lower than in the control. NaCl uptake by plants, depending on the concentration of mineral salts in the experimental solutions, ranged from 8 g (maximum salt content) up to 15 g (minimum salt content) on a plant growth area that totaled 0.032 m2. Thus, high concentrations of mineral salts simulating the content of mineral salts contained in urine did not result in a significant decrease of S. europaea productivity. The present work also considers the influence of higher light intensity concentrations on productivity and NaCl accumulation by S. europaea plants grown on experimental solutions with high salt content. В© 2005 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Tikhomirov A.A., Kudenko Y.A., Degermendzhi A.G., Trifonov S.V., Sutormina E.F., Ivanova Y.A.
Заглавие : Assessment of composition and toxicity for plants of gases produced during physicochemical processing of human exometabolites as applied to biotechnical life support systems
Место публикации : Doklady Biochemistry and Biophysics. - 2011. - Vol. 441, Is. 1. - С. 252-254. - ISSN 16076729 (ISSN) , DOI 10.1134/S1607672911060032
Ключевые слова (''Своб.индексиров.''): ammonia--carbon dioxide--nitrogen oxide--oxygen--article--biomass--bioremediation--drug effect--gas--growth, development and aging--human--instrumentation--methodology--microclimate--plant--waste management--ammonia--biodegradation, environmental--biomass--carbon dioxide--ecological systems, closed--gases--humans--life support systems--nitrogen oxides--oxygen--plants--waste management
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Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Ronzhin N. O., Baron A. V., Bondar V. S., Gitelson I. I.
Заглавие : Designing a reusable system based on nanodiamonds for biochemical determination of urea
Место публикации : Doklad. Biochem. Biophys. - 2015. - Vol. 465, Is. 1. - С. 428-431. - ISSN 16076729 (ISSN) , DOI 10.1134/S1607672915060216
Аннотация: A reusable system including urease covalently bound to the surface of modified nanodiamonds (MNDs) has been developed for the multiple determination of urea. The immobilized enzyme exhibits functional activity and catalyzes the hydrolysis of urea to yield ammonia. The presence of ammonia is confirmed by the formation of a colored product after the addition of chemical reagents. It was shown that the MNDs-urease complex can function in a wide range of temperatures and pH as well as in deionized water. The complex provides a linear yield of the product at low analyte concentrations and allows the multiple determination of urea in vitro. © 2015, Pleiades Publishing, Ltd.
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Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Syromotina D. S., Surmenev R. A., Surmeneva M. A., Boyandin A. N., Nikolaeva E. D., Prymak O., Epple M., Ulbricht M., Oehr C., Volova T. G.
Заглавие : Surface wettability and energy effects on the biological performance of poly-3-hydroxybutyrate films treated with RF plasma
Место публикации : Mater. Sci. Eng. C. - 2016. - Vol. 62. - С. 450-457. - ISSN 09284931 (ISSN) , DOI 10.1016/j.msec.2016.01.075
Ключевые слова (''Своб.индексиров.''): plasma--polar component--poly-3-hydroxybutyrate membranes--surface energy--surface treatment--ammonia--biodegradable polymers--cell adhesion--contact angle--free energy--interfacial energy--plasma applications--plasmas--surface chemistry--surface properties--surface roughness--surface topography--wetting--biological performance--crystalline structure--polar components--poly-3-hydroxybutyrate--surface free energy--surface roughness changes--surface wettability--water contact angle--surface treatment
Аннотация: The surface properties of poly-3-hydroxybutyrate (P3HB) membranes were modified using oxygen and an ammonia radio-frequency (RF, 13.56 MHz) plasma. The plasma treatment procedures used in the study only affected the surface properties, including surface topography, without inducing any significant changes in the crystalline structure of the polymer, with the exception being a power level of 250 W. The wettability of the modified P3HB surfaces was significantly increased after the plasma treatment, irrespective of the treatment procedure used. It was revealed that both surface chemistry and surface roughness changes caused by the plasma treatment affected surface wettability. A treatment-induced surface aging effect was observed and resulted in an increase in the water contact angle and a decrease in the surface free energy. However, the difference in the water contact angle between the polymers that had been treated for 4 weeks and the untreated polymer surfaces was still significant. A dependence between cell adhesion and proliferation and the polar component of the surface energy was revealed. The increase in the polar component after the ammonia plasma modification significantly increased cell adhesion and proliferation on biodegradable polymer surfaces compared to the untreated P3HB and the P3HB modified using an oxygen plasma. © 2016 Elsevier B.V.
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Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Syromotina D. S., Surmenev R. A., Surmeneva M. A., Boyandin A. N., Epple M., Ulbricht M., Oehr C., Volova T. G.
Заглавие : Oxygen and ammonia plasma treatment of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) films for controlled surface zeta potential and improved cell compatibility
Колич.характеристики :4 с
Коллективы : Russian President's Stipend [SP-6664.2013.4]; Ministry for Education and Science Grant [MK-485.2014.8]; State order NAUKA [11.1359.2014/K]; State budget [01201351505]
Место публикации : Mater. Lett.: ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV, 2016. - Vol. 163. - С. 277-280. - ISSN 0167-577X, DOI 10.1016/j.matlet.2015.10.080. - ISSN 1873-4979(eISSN)
Примечания : Cited References:10. - The authors thank Mr. T.M Mukhametkaliyev, Mrs. A.A. Sharonova and Dr. A. Wittmar for their assistance with the experiments. This research was supported by the Russian President's Stipend SP-6664.2013.4, Ministry for Education and Science Grant MK-485.2014.8, the State order NAUKA #11.1359.2014/K, and the State budget allocated to the fundamental research at the Russian Academy of Sciences (project No 01201351505).
Ключевые слова (''Своб.индексиров.''): plasma treatment--polymer--cell adhesion--surface modification
Аннотация: The oxygen and ammonia radio-frequency (RF) plasma treatment of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) P3HB films was performed. We revealed significant changes in the topography, a decrease in the surface zeta potential from -63 to -75 mV after the oxygen-plasma treatment and an increase after ammonia plasma treatment from -63 to -45 mV at a pH of 7.4. Investigations into the NIH 3T3 fibroblast adhesion and growth demonstrated the best cell vitality and a higher cell number for the ammonia plasma treatment at 150W. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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10.

Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Surmenev R. A., Chernozem R. V., Syromotina D. S., Oehr C., Baumbach T., Krause B., Boyandin A. N., Dvoinina L. M., Volova T. G., Surmeneva M. A.
Заглавие : Low-temperature argon and ammonia plasma treatment of poly-3-hydroxybutyrate films: Surface topography and chemistry changes affect fibroblast cells in vitro
Место публикации : Eur Polym J: Elsevier Ltd, 2019. - Vol. 112. - С. 137-145. - ISSN 00143057 (ISSN) , DOI 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2018.12.040
Ключевые слова (''Своб.индексиров.''): cell adhesion--dielectric barrier discharge--plasma treatment--surface etching--wetting behaviour--ammonia--argon--cell adhesion--cell culture--chemical modification--contact angle--dielectric materials--electric discharges--fibroblasts--mammals--nitrogen plasma--plasma applications--surface roughness--surface treatment--temperature--topography--ammonia plasma treatment--dielectric barrier discharges--different proportions--plasma treatment--poly-3-hydroxybutyrate--poly3-hydroxybutyrate (phb)--surface etching--wetting behaviour--wetting
Аннотация: Poly-3-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) films were plasma-treated using pure NH3, pure Ar or mixtures of the two different proportions (20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 70% NH3 in Ar). Surface chemistry and surface topography changes of PHB films were observed after plasma processing in all plasma regimes. The XPS results confirmed the absence of chemical modification in the case of pure Ar plasma treatment. Nitrogen-containing groups (e.g., N–C[dbnd]O) were detected on the surfaces of P3HB films treated with NH3-containing plasma. The surfaces of the untreated P3HB films were hydrophobic, and plasma treatment turned the surfaces hydrophilic, irrespective of the treatment. A significant decrease in the contact angle and an increase in the free surface energy were observed. An insignificant surface ageing effect was observed when P3HB samples were exposed to air for 10 days. In NIH 3T3 mice fibroblast cells, cell adhesion was significantly improved after plasma treatment in an Ar atmosphere, which is likely related to the fact that there was a surface ? potential of 88.6 mV at neutral pH, causing a cleavage of the polymer chains and an increase in surface roughness. © 2018 Elsevier Ltd
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11.

Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Boyandin, Anatoly Nikolayevich, Sukhanova, Anna Alekseevna, Nikolaeva, Elena Dmitrievna, Nemtsev, Ivan Vasilievich
Заглавие : Chemical Modification of Films from Biosynthetic Poly-3-Hydroxybutyrate Aimed to Improvement of Their Surface Properties
Колич.характеристики :4 с
Коллективы : Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation [FEFE-2020-0015]
Место публикации : Macromol. Symp.: WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH, 2021. - Vol. 395: 4th International Conference on Progress on Polymers and Composites (NOV 26-28, 2020, ELECTR NETWORK), Is. 1. - Ст.2000281. - ISSN 1022-1360, DOI 10.1002/masy.202000281. - ISSN 1521-3900(eISSN)
Примечания : Cited References:11. - This work was carried out by the team of the scientific laboratory "Smart Materials and Structures" within the state assignment of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation for the implementation of the project "Development of multifunctional smart materials and structures based on modified polymer composite materials capable to function in extreme conditions" (No. FEFE-2020-0015). The surface of the samples was investigated using a scanning electron microscope Hitachi TM3000 in the Krasnoyarsk Regional Center of Research Equipment of Federal Research Center "Krasnoyarsk Science Center SB RAS".
Аннотация: Films from biodegradable poly-3-hydroxybutyrate are treated with chemical reagents to improve their hydrophilicity and biocompatibility. Two approaches are tested: a single treatment with alkali, acids, oxidizing or reducing agents, and a step-by step treatment of the alkali pre-activated surface of polymer films with bromine water and amino-compounds (ammonia or triethylamine). The maximal level of hydrophilicity (the lowest water contact angle and the highest polar component of the surface free energy) is registered after a single treatment with NaOH and after the step-by-step treatment. These samples also showed the best adhesion of mouse fibroblasts of NIH 3T3 line on the film surface. So, the proposed methods can be used to enhance hydropilicity and biocompatibility of biopolymer surface.
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12.

Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Boyandin A. N., Sukhanova A. A., Nikolaeva E. D., Nemtsev I. V.
Заглавие : Chemical Modification of Films from Biosynthetic Poly-3-Hydroxybutyrate Aimed to Improvement of Their Surface Properties
Место публикации : Macromol. Sympos.: Wiley-VCH Verlag, 2021. - Vol. 395, Is. 1. - Ст.2000281. - ISSN 10221360 (ISSN), DOI 10.1002/masy.202000281
Аннотация: Films from biodegradable poly-3-hydroxybutyrate are treated with chemical reagents to improve their hydrophilicity and biocompatibility. Two approaches are tested: a single treatment with alkali, acids, oxidizing or reducing agents, and a step-by step treatment of the alkali pre-activated surface of polymer films with bromine water and amino-compounds (ammonia or triethylamine). The maximal level of hydrophilicity (the lowest water contact angle and the highest polar component of the surface free energy) is registered after a single treatment with NaOH and after the step-by-step treatment. These samples also showed the best adhesion of mouse fibroblasts of NIH 3T3 line on the film surface. So, the proposed methods can be used to enhance hydropilicity and biocompatibility of biopolymer surface. © 2021 Wiley-VCH GmbH
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