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Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Boyandin A. N., Kazantseva E. A., Varygina D. E., Volova T. G.
Заглавие : Constructing Slow-Release Formulations of Ammonium Nitrate Fertilizer Based on Degradable Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate)
Место публикации : J. Agric. Food Chem.: American Chemical Society, 2017. - Vol. 65, Is. 32. - С. 6745-6752. - ISSN 00218561 (ISSN) , DOI 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b01217
Ключевые слова (''Своб.индексиров.''): ammonium nitrate--degradable poly-3-hydroxybutyrate--embedding--fillers--nitrogen fertilizers--tablets--chemical contamination--ecology--ecosystems--fertilizers--fillers--nitrates--plastic coatings--ammonium nitrate--ammonium nitrate fertilizers--embedding--in-laboratory experiments--poly-3-hydroxybutyrate--slow release fertilizers--tablets--wheat (triticum aestivum l.)--nitrogen fertilizers
Аннотация: The present study describes construction and investigation of experimental formulations of ammonium nitrate embedded in a matrix of degradable natural polymer poly-3-hydroxybutyrate [P(3HB)] and P(3HB) blended with wood flour shaped as tablets, some of them coated with P(3HB). Kinetics of ammonium release into soil as dependent on the composition of the polymer matrix was investigated in laboratory experiments. The rates of fertilizer release from formulations coated with a biopolymer layer were considerably (two months or longer) slower than the rates of fertilizer release from uncoated formulations, while release from polymer and composite (polymer/wood flour) formulations occurred with comparable rates. The use of the experimental formulations in laboratory ecosystems with wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) was more effective than application of free ammonium nitrate. The advantage of the slow-release fertilizer formulations is that they are buried in soil together with the seeds, and the fertilizer remains effective over the first three months of plant growth. The use of such slow-release formulations will reduce the amounts of chemicals released into the environment, which will curb their accumulation in food chains of ecosystems and mitigate their adverse effects on the biosphere. © 2017 American Chemical Society.
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Вид документа : Статья из сборника (выпуск монографической серии)
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Bartsev S., Belolipetskii P., Degermendzhi A.
Заглавие : Multistable states in the biosphere-climate system: towards conceptual models
Колич.характеристики :10 с
Коллективы : RFBR-KKFN [15-41-04300]; Complex Program of SB RAS [II.2, 0360-2015-0002]
Место публикации : V INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON MATHEMATICAL MODELS AND THEIR APPLICATIONS: IOP PUBLISHING LTD, 2017. - Vol. 173: 5th International Workshop on Mathematical Models and their Applications (NOV 07-09, 2016, Krasnoyarsk, RUSSIA). - Ст.UNSP 012005. - (IOP Conference Series-Materials Science and Engineering). - , DOI 10.1088/1757-899X/173/1/012005
Примечания : Cited References:31. - This work was supported by grant RFBR-KKFN No 15-41-04300 and Complex Program of SB RAS No II.2. No 0360-2015-0002.
Предметные рубрики: SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE
1980S REGIME SHIFT
EL-NINO
PACIFIC
Аннотация: Forecasting response of the biosphere and regional ecosystems to observed and expected climate change is the fundamental problem with obvious practical significance. Fundamental non-linearity of the climate system and biosphere makes feasible implementing multiple states and threshold processes in the biosphere-climate system (BCS) in response to gradually increasing influence factor (greenhouse gas concentrations growth). Really time series analysis of global temperature and other global and local parameters indicates the presence of abrupt transitions between stationary states. Identification of the switching mechanisms using general circulation models of the atmosphere and the ocean is associated with the obvious difficulties due to their complexity. Understanding the nature of such switches at qualitative level can be achieved by using a conceptual small-scale models. Some variants of possible mechanisms capable of generating these shifts and simultaneously supporting quasi-stationary periods between them are discussed.
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Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Popova O. N., Haritonov A. Y., Sushchik N. N., Makhutova O. N., Kalachova G. S., Kolmakova A. A., Gladyshev M. I.
Заглавие : Export of aquatic productivity, including highly unsaturated fatty acids, to terrestrial ecosystems via Odonata
Место публикации : Sci. Total Environ.: Elsevier B.V., 2017. - Vol. 581-582. - С. 40-48. - ISSN 00489697 (ISSN) , DOI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.01.017
Ключевые слова (''Своб.индексиров.''): amphibiotic insect emergence--aquatic subsidy--docosahexaenoic acid, forest-steppe--eicosapentaenoic acid--aquatic ecosystems--carbon--ecology--ecosystems--forestry--organic carbon--productivity--unsaturated fatty acids--amphibiotic insect emergence--aquatic subsidy--docosahexaenoic acid--eicosapentaenoic acid--highly unsaturated fatty acids--terrestrial ecosystems--terrestrial landscape--western siberia , russia--fatty acids--animalia--aves--hexapoda--odonata
Аннотация: Based on 31-year field study of the abundance and biomass of 18 species of odonates in the Barabinsk Forest–Steppe (Western Siberia, Russia), we quantified the contribution of odonates to the export of aquatic productivity to surrounding terrestrial landscape. Emergence varied from 0.8 to 4.9 g of wet biomass per m2 of land area per year. Average export of organic carbon was estimated to be 0.30 g·m? 2·year? 1, which is comparable with the average production of herbivorous terrestrial insects in temperate grasslands. Moreover, in contrast to terrestrial insects, emerging odonates contained high quantities of highly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFA), namely eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5n-3, EPA), and docosahexaenoic acid (22:6n-3, DHA), which are known to be essential for many terrestrial animals, especially for birds. The export of EPA + DHA by odonates was found to be 1.92–11.76 mg·m? 2·year? 1, which is equal to an average general estimation of the export of HUFA by emerging aquatic insects. Therefore, odonates appeared to be a quantitatively and qualitatively important conduit of aquatic productivity to forest-steppe ecosystem. © 2017 Elsevier B.V.
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Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Gladyshev, Michail I., Sushchik, Nadezhda N., Makhutova, Olesia N., Glushchenko, Larisa A., Rudchenko, Anastasia E., Makhrov, Alexander A., Borovikova, Elena A., Dgebuadze, Yury Y.
Заглавие : Fatty Acid Composition and Contents of Seven Commercial Fish Species of Genus Coregonus from Russian Subarctic Water Bodies
Колич.характеристики :12 с
Коллективы : Russian Science Foundation [16-14-10001]
Место публикации : Lipids: SPRINGER HEIDELBERG, 2017. - Vol. 52, Is. 12. - С. 1033-1044. - ISSN 0024-4201, DOI 10.1007/s11745-017-4304-8. - ISSN 1558-9307(eISSN)
Примечания : Cited References:76. - The work was supported by Grant of Russian Science Foundation No. 16-14-10001. We are grateful to Ya. I. Alekseeva, V. S. Artamonova, I. L. Schurov, V. A. Shirokov for their kind help in sample collecting.
Предметные рубрики: SALMON SALMO-SALAR
FRESH-WATER
DOCOSAHEXAENOIC ACIDS
KRASNOYARSK
Ключевые слова (''Своб.индексиров.''): eicosapentaenoic acid--docosahexaenoic acid--anadromous fish--freshwater--fish--planktivory--benthivory
Аннотация: In several Russian northern lakes and rivers, Arctic cisco Coregonus autumnalis, least cisco C. sardinella, peled C. peled, tugun C. tugun, broad whitefish C. nasus, whitefish C. lavaretus and vendace C. albula were sampled in periods of officially permitted commercial fishery. Special attention was paid to contents (mg g(-1) of wet weight) of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in muscle tissues (filets), which are essential for human nutrition. The highest values of EPA + DHA content in semi-anadromous fish and freshwater fish were recorded for C. autumnalis from the Yenisei River, 17.60 mg g(-1) wet weight, and for C. lavaretus from the Sobachye Lake, 16.61 mg g(-1) wet weight, respectively. Intra-genus variations of EPA + DHA contents of Coregonus species were from 1.87 to 17.60 mg g(-1) wet weight. Since the congeneric species were genetically close to each other, the variations in EPA and DHA contents were thought to be caused primarily by ecological factors: migrational capability, type of feeding and trophic status of aquatic ecosystems. In general, the majority of studied species appeared to be of a high nutritive value for humans, although unfavorable environmental conditions could considerably diminish this value.
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Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Botvich I. Y., Shevyrnogov A. P.
Заглавие : A study of the phenological variability of terrestrial ecosystems in the south of the Krasnoyarsk Territory and Khakassia based on satellite data
Место публикации : Biophysics: Maik Nauka-Interperiodica Publishing, 2017. - Vol. 62, Is. 4. - С. 667-670. - ISSN 00063509 (ISSN) , DOI 10.1134/S0006350917040030
Ключевые слова (''Своб.индексиров.''): agricultural crops--phenology--satellite data--woody vegetation
Аннотация: The patterns of the phase portraits of vegetation (agrophytocenosis, woody vegetation) constructed using two-dimensional space radiation temperature values and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index were studied. An analysis of the phenological variability of vegetation in the south of the Krasnoyarsk Territory and the Republic of Khakassia during the growing seasons of 2003 and 2006 was carried out. Distinctive features of the phase portraits of agrophytocenosis and woody vegetation were revealed. The possibility of determining the boundaries of phenological states in the phytocenosis, and the transition range from one state into another was shown. Based on the complex analysis of the reflexive and radiative properties of the plant samples, an algorithm for calculating the start and end of the growing season was developed. © 2017, Pleiades Publishing, Inc.
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Вид документа : Статья из сборника (выпуск монографической серии)
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Zadereev, Egor S., Boehrer, Bertram, Gulati, Ramesh D.
Заглавие : Introduction: Meromictic Lakes, Their Terminology and Geographic Distribution
Колич.характеристики :11 с
Место публикации : Ecol. Stud.: SPRINGER INTERNATIONAL PUBLISHING AG, 2017. - Vol. 228. - С. 1-11. - (Ecological Studies-Analysis and Synthesis). - , DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-49143-1_1
Примечания : Cited References:45
Предметные рубрики: SALINE LAKE
SALT LAKES
MEROMIXIS
STRATIFICATION
ECOSYSTEMS
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Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Makhutova O. N., Shulepina S. P., Sharapova T. A., Dubovskaya O. P., Sushchik N. N., Baturina M. A., Pryanichnikova E. G., Kalachova G. S., Gladyshev M. I.
Заглавие : Content of polyunsaturated fatty acids essential for fish nutrition in zoobenthos species
Место публикации : Freshwater Sci.: University of Chicago Press, 2016. - Vol. 35, Is. 4. - С. 1222-1234. - ISSN 21619549 (ISSN) , DOI 10.1086/688760
Ключевые слова (''Своб.индексиров.''): fatty acids--fish--food quality--invasion--invertebrates--bryozoa--coleoptera--crustacea--dytiscus--ephemeroptera--gammaridae--hirudinea--insecta--invertebrata--mollusca--plumatella emarginata--polychaeta--trichoptera--turbellaria
Аннотация: Content of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20 : 5n-3) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22 : 6n-3) and the n-3/n-6 ratio are important indicators of nutritive value of aquatic invertebrates as food for fish. We studied fatty acid (FA) content and composition of 68 zoobenthic species. Benthic invertebrates differed significantly in their contents of EPA and DHA and n-3/n-6 ratios. The most valuable food for fish were Insecta, especially Ephemeroptera and Trichoptera, Gammaridae, and Turbellaria (Dendrocaelopsis sp.). The invertebrates of low food quality for fish were Hirudinea, Mollusca, Oligochaeta, Bryozoa (Plumatella emarginata), and Coleoptera (Dytiscus lapponicus). Our data suggest that the recent and ongoing global replacement of native species, mainly Insecta, by invaders, mostly represented by Mollusca, Crustacea, Polychaeta, Oligochaeta, Bryozoa, and Hirudinea, probably will reduce the nutritive value of food sources for benthivorous fish. In addition, some of the taxa studied have peculiar FAs, which may be useful as their markers in trophic webs. Thus, 20 : 1n-13, 20 : 2n-6, 22 : 5n-3, and 22 : 6n-3 are likely to be considered markers of Mollusca, Hirudinea, Turbellaria, and Gammaridae, respectively, for tracing food webs in freshwater ecosystems. © 2016 by The Society for Freshwater Science.
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Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Sushchik, Nadezhda N., Yurchenko, Yuri A., Belevich, Olga E., Kalachova, Galina S., Kolmakova, Anzhelika A., Gladyshev, Michail I.
Заглавие : Waterbugs (Heteroptera: Nepomorpha and Gerromorpha) as sources of essential n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in Central Siberian ecoregions
Колич.характеристики :15 с
Коллективы : Russian Foundation for Basic Research [13-04-00860]; Russian Federal Tasks of Fundamental Research [51.1.1, VI.51.1.9]; Russian Federation [NSh-9249.2016.5]
Место публикации : Freshw. Biol.: WILEY-BLACKWELL, 2016. - Vol. 61, Is. 10. - С. 1787-1801. - ISSN 0046-5070, DOI 10.1111/fwb.12818. - ISSN 1365-2427(eISSN)
Примечания : Cited References:77. - The work was supported by award no. 13-04-00860 from the Russian Foundation for Basic Research and by the Russian Federal Tasks of Fundamental Research (projects no. 51.1.1 and VI.51.1.9). The research was partially supported by grant NSh-9249.2016.5 from the President of the Russian Federation.
Предметные рубрики: FRESH-WATER
TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS
BUGS HETEROPTERA
AQUATIC INSECTS
Ключевые слова (''Своб.индексиров.''): essential fatty acids--heteroptera--subsidies--terrestrial consumers--waterbugs--water-land transfers
Аннотация: 1. Aquatic systems are considered to be a main source of essential long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), which are preferentially synthesized by microalgae and transferred along food chains to terrestrial consumers. Emerging aquatic insects comprise a significant part of this transfer of the essential PUFA from water to land. Quantitative data on PUFA content and composition are available mainly for rheophilic insects while taxa that are characteristic of wetlands and stagnant water bodies, such as aquatic Heteroptera, remain relatively unstudied. 2. We investigated the role of various waterbug taxa (Heteroptera: Nepomorpha and Gerromorpha) inhabiting different ecoregions in temperate Central Siberia (Russia) as potential sources of PUFA. The ecoregions were steppe, forest-steppe, hemiboreal forest and montane coniferous forest. Although these waterbugs insects are aquatic in both larval and adult stages, they can disperse through the landscape and transfer essential PUFAs from water to land so making them potentially available to terrestrial consumers. 3. Species of Naucoridae, Notonectidae and Corixidae were generally dominant in all ecoregions, attaining maximum biomass in the steppe. We showed that habitat or ecoregion played a major role in the variability of fatty acid composition of Notonectidae and Gerridae but not Corixidae. In contrast, the biochemical composition of the only naucoridae, Ilyocoris cimicoides, was largely affected by life stage. 4. Both the dominant families and species within them differed with respect to their mass-specific contents of essential long-chain PUFA of the n-3 family, namely eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids. Corixid species had the highest content of these two essential PUFAs among the waterbug studies, and relative to literature reports for other aquatic insects. Corixids thus appear to be a potentially important vector for transfer of the essential biochemical compounds from water to land, especially in steppe ecoregions with numerous ephemeral water bodies.
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Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Dgebuadze Y. Y., Gladyshev M. I.
Заглавие : Biotic fluxes of matter and energy between aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems
Место публикации : Contemp. Probl. Ecol. - 2016. - Vol. 9, Is. 4. - С. 391-395. - ISSN 19954255 (ISSN) , DOI 10.1134/S1995425516040041
Ключевые слова (''Своб.индексиров.''): amphibionts--biodiversity--biological invasions--ecotone--fluxes of matter and energy--water–land interface--animalia
Аннотация: This paper is an introduction to a special issue of the journal. A brief historical delineation of the question of studying interfaces between adjacent ecosystems (ecotones) is presented. High biodiversity of ecotones and their vulnerability to natural and anthropogenic impacts, including invasions of alien species, are noted. It is supposed that there is no contradiction between the ecotone and river continuum concepts. The important ecological role of amphibiotic animals and plants in interactions and functioning of the adjacent ecosystems is emphasized. The issue of studying the quantitative parameters of fluxes of matter and energy between ecosystems in conjunction with their qualitative parameters (chemical elemental and biochemical compositions) is considered in the present paper. © 2016, Pleiades Publishing, Ltd.
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10.

Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Tikhomirov A. A., Trifonov S. V., Morozov E. A., Kudenko, Yu. A., Kalacheva G. S., Ushakova S. A.
Заглавие : Development of human exometabolite deep mineralization method for closed ecosystems
Колич.характеристики :3 с
Коллективы : Russian Science Foundation [14-14-00599]
Место публикации : Dokl. Biochem. Biophys.: MAIK NAUKA/INTERPERIODICA/SPRINGER, 2016. - Vol. 470, Is. 1. - С. 316-318. - ISSN 1607-6729, DOI 10.1134/S1607672916050021. - ISSN 1608-3091(eISSN)
Примечания : Cited References:9. - The study was supported by the Russian Science Foundation (project no. 14-14-00599).
Аннотация: Methods of physicochemical further oxidation of hardly soluble sediment obtained from "wet combustion" of human exometabolites applied to space-purpose Bio Technological Life Support Systems (BTLLS) were studied. Most hardly dissoluble sediment containing Ca, P, Mg, and other essential plant nutrition elements were shown to dissolve in H2O2 and HNO3 aqueous media activated by alternating electric current. Dissolved additional mineral elements allowed (as demonstrated for lettuce) to increase the productivity of BTLLS phototrophic unit plants more than twice, which is comparable to their productivity on standard Knop solution with balanced chemical composition. Thus, dissolved mineral elements can be involved into BTLLS turnover process and increase its closure degree.
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11.

Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Ivanova Y., Soukhovolsky V.
Заглавие : Modeling the boundaries of plant ecotones of mountain ecosystems
Место публикации : Forests: MDPI AG, 2016. - Vol. 7, Is. 11. - ISSN 19994907 (ISSN) , DOI 10.3390/f7110271
Ключевые слова (''Своб.индексиров.''): biodiversity--boundaries of ecotones--ecotone--mountain forest ecosystems--biodiversity--climate change--climate models--ecology--forestry--landforms--vegetation--boundary shifts--ecotone--forest inventory data--mountain ecosystems--mountain forests--second-order phase transition--species composition--vegetation belt--ecosystems
Аннотация: The ecological second-order phase transition model has been used to describe height-dependent changes in the species composition of mountain forest ecosystems. Forest inventory data on the distribution of various tree species in the Sayan Mountains (south Middle Siberia) are in good agreement with the model proposed in this study. The model was used to estimate critical heights for different altitudinal belts of vegetation, determine the boundaries and extents of ecotones between different vegetation belts, and reveal differences in the ecotone boundaries between the north- and south-facing transects. An additional model is proposed to describe ecotone boundary shifts caused by climate change. © 2016 by the authors.
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12.

Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Barkhatov Y. V., Tikhomirov A. A., Ushakova S. A., Shikhov V. N., Bartsev S. I., Degermendzhi A. G.
Заглавие : Experimental modeling of the influence of the rise in average summer temperatures on carbon circulation in tundra ecosystems
Место публикации : Dokl. Earth Sci.: Maik Nauka-Interperiodica Publishing, 2016. - Vol. 471, Is. 1. - С. 1168-1170. - ISSN 1028334X (ISSN) , DOI 10.1134/S1028334X16110106
Ключевые слова (''Своб.индексиров.''): carbon dioxide--ecology--landforms--carbon fluxes--climate condition--comparative evaluations--experimental modeling--physical simulation--soil respiration--summer temperature--temperature rise--ecosystems
Аннотация: A sealed vegetation chamber was designed and constructed for physical simulation of climate conditions in the Subarctic zone during the spring–summer time. The small laboratory tundra-simulating ecosystem (TSE) was created for comparative evaluation of the rates of soil respiration and of the total balance of carbon fluxes in tundra ecosystems. The test experiment was performed to study the TSE response to a temperature rise in air and soil by 2°C in terms of the intensity of the СО2 flux. It was shown that this increase in temperature would cause a pronounced shift in the balance of СО2 production and utilization in the ecosystem from near-zero values to a stable generation of 24 ?mol/h of CO2 per 1 kg of dry biomass. © 2016, Pleiades Publishing, Ltd.
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13.

Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Volova, Tatiana G., Prudnikova, Svetlana V., Zhila, Natalia O.
Заглавие : Fungicidal activity of slow-release P(3HB)/TEB formulations in wheat plant communities infected by Fusarium moniliforme
Колич.характеристики :10 с
Коллективы : Russian Academy of Sciences [AAA-A17-117013050028-8]
Место публикации : Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res.: SPRINGER HEIDELBERG, 2018. - Vol. 25, Is. 1. - С. 552-561. - ISSN 0944-1344, DOI 10.1007/s11356-017-0466-4. - ISSN 1614-7499(eISSN)
Примечания : Cited References:28. - The research was supported by the state budget allocated to the fundamental research at the Russian Academy of Sciences (project no AAA-A17-117013050028-8).
Предметные рубрики: BIODEGRADABLE POLY-3-HYDROXYBUTYRATE
TEBUCONAZOLE
Ключевые слова (''Своб.индексиров.''): tebuconazole--poly-3-hydroxybutyrate--fungicidal effect--fusariummoniliforme--wheat plant communities--root rot
Аннотация: Fungicidal activity of experimental tebuconazole (TEB) formulations was investigated in laboratory soil ecosystems in wheat plant communities infected by Fusarium moniliforme. TEB was embedded in the matrix of poly-3-hydroxybutyrate, shaped as films and microgranules. These formulations were buried in the soil with wheat plants, and their efficacy was compared with that of commercial formulation Raxil and with the effect of pre-sowing treatment of seeds. In the experiment with the initially infected seeds and a relatively low level of natural soil infection caused by Fusarium fungi, the effects of the experimental P(3HB)/TEB formulations and Raxil were comparable. However, when the level of soil infection was increased by adding F. moniliforme spores, P(3HB)/TEB granules and films reduced the total counts of fungi and the abundance of F. moniliforme more effectively than Raxil. Seed treatment or soil treatment with Raxil solution showed an increase in the percentage of rot-damaged roots in the later stages of the experiment. In the early stage (between days 10 and 20), the percentage of rot-damaged roots in the soil with TEB embedded in the slowly degraded P(3HB) matrix was similar to that in the soil with Raxil. However, the efficacy of P(3HB)/TEB formulations lasted longer, and in later stages (between days 20 and 30), the percentage of rot-damaged roots in that group did not grow. In experiments with different TEB formulations and, hence, different fungicidal activities, the increase in plant biomass was 15-17 to 40-60% higher than in the groups where TEB was applied by using conventional techniques.
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14.

Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Tikhomirov, Alexander A., Ushakova, Sofya A., Velichko, Vladimir V., Trifonov, Sergey, V, Tikhomirova, Natalia A., Kalacheva, Galina S.
Заглавие : A small closed ecosystem with an estimated portion of human metabolism
Колич.характеристики :5 с
Коллективы : Russian Science Foundation [14-14-00599]
Место публикации : Life Sci. Space Res.: ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV, 2018. - Vol. 19. - С. 63-67. - ISSN 2214-5524, DOI 10.1016/j.lssr.2018.10.001. - ISSN 2214-5532(eISSN)
Примечания : Cited References:11. - The study was supported by the Russian Science Foundation (Project No. 14-14-00599.) and carried out in the IBP SB RAS at FRC KRC SB RAS.
Ключевые слова (''Своб.индексиров.''): closed ecosystem--physicochemical waste processing--biochemical waste--processing--cycling process
Аннотация: The study describes a small closed ecosystem used to test technologies to be further employed in full-scale manned closed ecosystems. The experimental ecosystem is designed to use a certain portion of human metabolism, which is included in the gas, water, and organic waste loops of the system. In this experimental ecosystem, gas and water loops are fully closed, and the model enables processing of human waste and plant inedible biomass. A physicochemical method is used to remove pollutants from the air in the system. A human takes part in the gas exchange of the system through its respiration loop. This experimental ecosystem can be used for testing and improving new technologies to be further used in the future space stations.
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15.

Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Kolmakova O. V., Gladyshev M. I., Fonvielle J. A., Ganzert L., Hornick T., Grossart H. -P.
Заглавие : Effects of zooplankton carcasses degradation on freshwater bacterial community composition and implications for carbon cycling
Место публикации : Environ. Microbiol.: Blackwell Publishing Ltd, 2018. - Article in press. - ISSN 14622912 (ISSN) , DOI 10.1111/1462-2920.14418
Аннотация: Non-predatory mortality of zooplankton provides an abundant, yet, little studied source of high quality labile organic matter (LOM) in aquatic ecosystems. Using laboratory microcosms, we followed the decomposition of organic carbon of fresh 13C-labelled Daphnia carcasses by natural bacterioplankton. The experimental setup comprised blank microcosms, that is, artificial lake water without any organic matter additions (B), and microcosms either amended with natural humic matter (H), fresh Daphnia carcasses (D) or both, that is, humic matter and Daphnia carcasses (HD). Most of the carcass carbon was consumed and respired by the bacterial community within 15 days of incubation. A shift in the bacterial community composition shaped by labile carcass carbon and by humic matter was observed. Nevertheless, we did not observe a quantitative change in humic matter degradation by heterotrophic bacteria in the presence of LOM derived from carcasses. However, carcasses were the main factor driving the bacterial community composition suggesting that the presence of large quantities of dead zooplankton might affect the carbon cycling in aquatic ecosystems. Our results imply that organic matter derived from zooplankton carcasses is efficiently remineralized by a highly specific bacterial community, but does not interfere with the bacterial turnover of more refractory humic matter. © 2018 Society for Applied Microbiology and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
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16.

Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Shishatskaya E., Menzyanova N., Zhila N., Prudnikova S., Volova T., Thomas S.
Заглавие : Toxic effects of the fungicide tebuconazole on the root system of fusarium-infected wheat plants
Место публикации : Plant Physiol. Biochem.: Elsevier Masson SAS, 2018. - Vol. 132. - С. 400-407. - ISSN 09819428 (ISSN) , DOI 10.1016/j.plaphy.2018.09.025
Ключевые слова (''Своб.индексиров.''): border cells--carbonylated proteins--free proline--fusarium--malondialdehyde--tebuconazole
Аннотация: The study investigates toxic effects of the fungicide tebuconazole (TEB) on Fusarium-infected wheat (Triticum aestivum) plants based on the morphological characteristics of root apices and changes in the integrated parameters of redox homeostasis, including the contents of free proline and products of peroxidation of proteins (carbonylated proteins, CP) and lipids (malondialdehyde, MDA) in roots. In two-day-old wheat sprouts infected by Fusarium graminearum, the levels of proline, CP, and border cells of root apices are higher than in roots of uninfected sprouts by a factor of 1.4, 8.0, and 3, respectively. The triazole fungicide tebuconazole (TEB) at the concentrations of 0.01, 0.10, and 1.00 ?g ml?1 of medium causes a dose-dependent decrease in the number of border cells. The study of the effects of TEB and fusarium infection on wheat plants in a 30-day experiment shows that the effect of the fungicide TEB on redox homeostasis in wheat roots varies depending on the plant growth stage and is significantly different in ecosystems with soil and plants infected by Fusarium phytopathogens. The study of the morphology of root apices shows that the toxic effects of TEB and fusarium infection are manifested in the destructive changes in root apices and the degradation of the root tip mantle. © 2018 Elsevier Masson SAS
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17.

Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Gozlan R. E., Karimov B. K., Zadereev E., Kuznetsova D., Sandra Brucet S S.
Заглавие : Status, trends, and future dynamics of freshwater ecosystems in Europe and Central Asia
Место публикации : Inland Waters: Taylor and Francis Ltd., 2019. - Article in press. - ISSN 20442041 (ISSN) , DOI 10.1080/20442041.2018.1510271
Ключевые слова (''Своб.индексиров.''): aquatic--biodiversity--conservation--habitat
Аннотация: This review is part of the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES) report on Europe and Central Asia (ECA) and provides a critical assessment of issues facing decision-makers, including freshwater biodiversity and ecosystem trends as well as drivers of change. Freshwater systems are well established as the most threatened ecosystem type in the ECA region, with the quantity and quality of habitats and abundance of many species rapidly declining. Only about half (53%) of the EU's rivers and lakes achieved good ecological status in 2015 (as defined by the Water Framework Directive in terms of the quality of the biological community), and many lakes, ponds, and streams are disappearing as a consequence of agricultural intensification and inefficient irrigation and urbanisation, combined with climate change. The situation regarding freshwater biodiversity remains highly critical in ECA as many species remain threatened with extinction, including 50% of known species for some groups (e.g., molluscs, amphibians). Drivers of ECA freshwater taxa include the destruction or modification of their habitat, including water abstraction, which affects ?89% of all amphibian threatened species and ?26% of threatened freshwater invertebrate species. Of particular concern is the lack of data for freshwater invertebrates. Current status is available for only a minority of species, and the impact of alien invasive species is often unknown, especially in Central Asia. Based on current freshwater biodiversity trends, it is highly unlikely that ECA will achieve either the respective Aichi biodiversity targets by 2020 (i.e., targets 2 to 4, 6 to 12, and 14) or Target 1 of the Biodiversity Strategy. © 2019, © 2019 International Society of Limnology (SIL).
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18.

Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Barkhatov, Yu. V., Ushakova S. A., Shikhov V. N., Evgrafova, S. Yu., Tikhomirov A. A., Degermendzhi A. G.
Заглавие : The Influence of Temperature and Humidity on Greenhouse Gas Emission in Experiments on Imitation of the Full Vegetation Cycle of Tundra Ecosystems
Колич.характеристики :3 с
Коллективы : Russian Foundation for Basic Research; Krasnoyarsk Krai Government; Krasnoyarsk Regional Fund of Science [17-45-240884]; Russian Foundation for Basic Research [16-04-01677-a]; Institute of Biophysics, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences [56.1.4.]
Место публикации : Dokl. Earth Sci.: MAIK NAUKA/INTERPERIODICA/SPRINGER, 2018. - Vol. 483, Is. 2. - С. 1539-1541. - ISSN 1028-334X, DOI 10.1134/S1028334X18120115. - ISSN 1531-8354(eISSN)
Примечания : Cited References:15. - This study was supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research, the Krasnoyarsk Krai Government and the Krasnoyarsk Regional Fund of Science (project no. 17-45-240884), the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (project no. 16-04-01677-a), and the Institute of Biophysics, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, governmental assignment, theme no. 56.1.4. for 2013-2020.
Предметные рубрики: POLYGONAL TUNDRA
METHANE EMISSION
CARBON
DELTA
LAKES
Аннотация: Laboratory experiments were conducted in a hermetically sealed growth chamber with two soil samples obtained from the arctic tundra zone with different levels of moisture. Samples were maintained at a growing season typical of the region from which they were taken, and for the sample with a high level of moisture it was made twice: with the temperature in accord with natural conditions and one increased by 2 degrees C. It has been shown that heating of the overmoistened tundra soil by 2 degrees C can increased the average carbon dioxide emissions by almost two times (from 75 to 100-150 mg m(-2) h(-1)). Upon the application of heat, no significant increase in methane emission was observed.
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19.

Вид документа : Статья из сборника (выпуск продолж. издания)
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Tikhomirov A. A., Ushakova S. A., Tikhomirova N. A., Trifonov S. V., Kalacheva G. S.
Заглавие : Converting gaseous pollutants toxic to plants and humans into environmentally friendly compounds in artificial ecosystems
Место публикации : IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering: Institute of Physics Publishing, 2018. - Vol. 450: 9th International Multidisciplinary Scientific and Research Conference on Modern Issues in Science and Technology Workshop in Advanced Technologies in Aerospace, Mechanical and Automation Engineering, MISTAerospace 2018 (20 October 2018 through 28 October 2018, ) Conference code: 143027, Is. 6. - , DOI 10.1088/1757-899X/450/6/062004
Ключевые слова (''Своб.индексиров.''): ecosystems--environmental management--fog--artificial ecosystems--experimental conditions--gaseous pollutants--human waste--liquid products--plant growth--toxic effect--wheat plants--pollution
Аннотация: The present study describes detection of potential gaseous pollutants that can produce a toxic effect on plants and humans in the system with wheat plants cultivated on solutions containing liquid products of mineralization of human waste and fish waste. These gaseous pollutants do not inhibit plant growth and development under the experimental conditions, but they may accumulate in closed ecosystems functioning for extended periods of time. Ways to convert gaseous pollutants into environmentally friendly compounds have been proposed. © 2018 Institute of Physics Publishing. All rights reserved.
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20.

Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Gladyshev M. I., Glushchenko L. A., Makhutova O. N., Rudchenko A. E., Shulepina S. P., Dubovskaya O. P., Zuev I. V., Kolmakov V. I., Sushchik N. N.
Заглавие : Comparative Analysis of Content of Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Food and Muscle Tissue of Fish from Aquaculture and Natural Habitats
Колич.характеристики :12 с
Коллективы : Russian Foundation for Basic Research [16-14-10001]
Место публикации : Contemp. Probl. Ecol.: MAIK NAUKA/INTERPERIODICA/SPRINGER, 2018. - Vol. 11, Is. 3. - С. 297-308. - ISSN 1995-4255, DOI 10.1134/S199542551803006X. - ISSN 1995-4263(eISSN)
Примечания : Cited References:86. - This study was supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research, project no. 16-14-10001. We are grateful to A.A. Makhrov and E.A. Borovikova for assisting in material collection and for useful comments to the initial text of the article.
Предметные рубрики: LONG-CHAIN OMEGA-3-FATTY-ACIDS
TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS
BREAM
Ключевые слова (''Своб.индексиров.''): fatty acids--aquaculture--food chain--bioaccumulation
Аннотация: Two fish species reared in aquaculture (pink salmon Oncorhynchus gorbuscha and whitefish Coregonus lavaretus) and ten fish species from natural habitats (whitefish C. lavaretus, tugun Coregonus tugun, broad whitefish Coregonus nasus, least cisco Coregonus sardinella, vendace Coregonus albula, boganid charr Salvelinus boganidae, charr Salvelinus alpinus complex, northern pike Esox lucius, sharp-snouted lenok Brachymystax lenok, and taimen Hucho taimen) have been studied. The content of two long-chain polyunsaturated omega-3 fatty acids (PUFAs), eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5n-3, EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (22:6n-3, DHA), in the muscle tissue of the fish and in their food (intestine contents) are compared. In the aquacultures of whitefish and pink salmon, the total content of EPA and DHA is significantly higher in feed than in the muscle tissue of the fish, which indicates losses of PUFA in the two-link food chain of the aquaculture during their transfer to the upper trophic level. EPA and DHA losses in aquaculture, which are confirmed by numerous literature data, mean an inefficient usage of the available sources of PUFAs and the aggravation of the global deficit of these biochemicals in the human diet. A study of natural fish populations reveals the accumulation of EPA and DHA in their biomass compared to food in many cases, although opposite phenomena are also observed. An assumption on the presence of an optimal, physiologically adequate species-specific level of PUFA in the fish muscle tissue has been made based on our data and literature data. If the level of PUFAs in the muscles is lower than optimal, their accumulation (bioaccumulation) from food and/or de novo synthesis are observed. When the optimal level is exceeded, the content of EPA and DHA in biomass approaches maximum species-specific values; however, part of these PUFAs entering from food is not digested or is catabolized. According to the obtained data, the species of the order Salmoniformes have an optimal level of 2 to 6 mg/g of wet weight. It has been found that in aquaculture approaching to maximum values of EPA + DHA content was accompanied by their losses (scattering) in the food chains, while in natural ecosystems the maximum values of PUFA content in the fish biomass are achieved by their accumulation from the lower trophic level. Boganid charr S. boganidae had the highest content of EPA + DHA in the muscle tissue among all known fish species (32.78 mg/g of wet weight).
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