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Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Pechurkin N.S., Shuvaev A.N.
Заглавие : The general evolution of energy–matter interactions on earth: From a gas whirlwind to a technogenic civilization
Место публикации : Biophysics. - 2015. - Vol. 60, Is. 2. - С. 331-334. - ISSN 00063509 (ISSN) , DOI 10.1134/S0006350915020153
Ключевые слова (''Своб.индексиров.''): biosphere--energy transfer--evolution--animalia--mammalia--protozoa
Аннотация: An idea of the general evolution through the long-term response of the Earth to the external flow of radiant energy from the Sun is proposed. Due to the finiteness of matter on Earth, as well as on any other planet, the continuous pumping flow of radiant energy has been shown to lead to cyclization of transformations and mass transfer along the emerging gradients. The evolution of the energy–matter interaction follows the pathway of capturing and transferring more energy by a smaller quantity of matter, i.e., the pathway of the increase in the amount of energy used by each unit mass. According to this parameter, the least effective mass transfer is a simple transfer as vortices of gases along the gradients of temperature and pressure, which took place on the primary surface of the planet. Long-term natural selection towards water accumulation on the planet has played a special role in the development of the interaction between energy and matter. Phase transitions (ice, water, and vapor) and mechanical transfers are the most common energy–matter processes. Chemical transformation of substances became possible based on water cycles, cyclic transfers, and transformations and developed with time into biological transformation. This type of energy–matter interaction is the most efficient. In particular, the energy of our star is captured during photosynthesis and utilized in the most active region of its radiation spectrum. During the biological evolution of heterotrophs, a increase in the coefficient that characterizes the energy exchange intensity from protozoa to mammals by several hundred times is most illustrative. The development and current dominance of humans as the species that is most active in the capturing of energy and meaningful organization of its new flows, in particular, based on the organic debris of former biospheres, is amazing but quite natural from the energy standpoint. During the technological evolution of humankind, the energy-exchange intensity for homoiotherms (warm-blooded animals) has increased by 20 times if it is recalculated for the technological energy that is used by the average inhabitant of the Earth. Thus, the victory of our species in planetary evolution fits well into the mainstream of the general evolution through energy–matter interactions: a multiple increase in star energy has been used to transform the matter on the surface of the irradiated planet. © 2015, Pleiades Publishing, Inc.
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Вид документа : Статья из сборника (однотомник)
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Gitelson J.I., Bartsev S.I., Mezhevikin V.V., Okhonin V.A.
Заглавие : An alternative approach to solar system exploration providing safety of human mission to Mars
Колич.характеристики :8 с
Место публикации : SPACE LIFE SCIENCES: MISSIONS TO MARS, RADIATION BIOLOGY, AND PLANTS AS A FOUNDATION FOR LONG-TERM LIFE SUPPORT SYSTEMS IN SPACE. Ser. ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH: PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD, 2003. - Vol. 31: F0 1 and F1 3-F2 3 Symposia of COSPAR Scientific Commission F held at the 33rd COSPAR Scientific Assembly (JUL, 2000, WARSAW, POLAND), Is. 1. - P17-24. - ISBN 0273-1177, DOI 10.1016/S0273-1177(02)00657-9
Примечания : Cited References: 8
Предметные рубрики: SPACE
Аннотация: For systematic human Mars exploration, meeting crew safety requirements, it seems perspective to assemble into a spacecraft: an electrical rocket, a well-shielded long-term life support system, and a manipulator-robots operating in combined "presence effect" and "master-slave" mode. The electrical spacecraft would carry humans to the orbit of Mars, providing short distance (and low signal time delay) between operator and robot-manipulators, which are landed on the surface of the planet. Long-term hybrid biological and physical/chemical LSS could provide environment supporting human health and well being. Robot-manipulators operating in "presence effect" and "master-slave" mode exclude necessity of human landing on Martian surface decreasing the level of risk for crew. Since crewmen would not have direct contact with the Martian environment then the problem of mutual biological protection is essentially reduced. Lightweight robot-manipulators, without heavy life support systems and without the necessity of returning to the mother vessel, could be sent as scouts to different places on the planet surface, scanning the most interesting for exobiological research site. Some approximate estimations of electric spacecraft, long-term hybrid LSS, radiation protection and mission parameters are conducted and discussed. (C) 2002 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
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Вид документа : Статья из сборника (однотомник)
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Gribovskaya I.V., Rygalov V.Y.
Заглавие : Trace elements exchange in experimental closed life support systems
Колич.характеристики :4 с
Место публикации : SIXTH EUROPEAN SYMPOSIUM ON SPACE ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROL SYSTEMS, VOLS 1 AND 2. Ser. ESA SPECIAL PUBLICATIONS: EUROPEAN SPACE AGENCY, 1997. - Vol. 400: 6th European Symposium on Space Environmental Control Systems (MAY 20-22, 1997, NOORDWIJK, NETHERLANDS). - P859-862. - ISBN 0379-6566. - ISBN 92-9092-283-4
Примечания : Cited References: 0
Аннотация: Measurements of trace elements incoming and exiting ''Bios-3'' biological-engineering life support system evidence presence of a source of these elements inside the system. This source is, most probably, structural units (steel walls, hose rubber, plastic coatings), catalysts of the thermal catalytic incinerator, expanded clay aggregate mechanically fixing plants and so on. The trace elements are received by the nutrient solutions and build up in the plant biomass. As a consequence the crew may receive elevated doses of such trace elements as aluminum, lead, nickel, chromium. To reduce income of trace elements to LSS requires thorough selection and preliminary treatment of structural materials with reduced desorption capacities and running-in of the system in idle mode prior to exploitation. This mode involves operation of the engineering part of the system (without plants and humans, but with nutrient solutions) for several months.
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Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Gladyshev, Michail I., Makhutova, Olesia N., Gubanenko, Galina A., Rechkina, Ekaterina A., Kalachova, Galina S., Sushchik, Nadezhda N.
Заглавие : Livers of terrestrial production animals as a source of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids for humans: An alternative to fish?
Колич.характеристики :5 с
Место публикации : Eur. J. Lipid Sci. Technol.: WILEY-BLACKWELL, 2015. - Vol. 117, Is. 9. - С. 1417-1421. - ISSN 1438-7697, DOI 10.1002/ejlt.201400449. - ISSN 1438-9312(eISSN)
Примечания : Cited References:41
Предметные рубрики: CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE
DOCOSAHEXAENOIC ACID
MUSCLE-TISSUE
MEAT
Ключевые слова (''Своб.индексиров.''): beef liver--chicken liver--essential fatty acids--pork liver
Аннотация: Long-chain polyunsaturated n-3 fatty acids (LC-PUFA), including eicosapentaenoic (EPA), and docosahexaenoic (DHA) are an essential part of human diets, but their main source, the wild fish catch, is limited. Terrestrial production animals, such as cattle, pigs, and chicken, can synthesize these compounds from the plant-derived precursor -linolenic acid, and the synthesis occurs mainly in liver. We estimated the putative contribution of liver products to the LC-PUFA supply in human nutrition, as an alternative to fish. We measured EPA and DHA contents in raw and cooked livers of the animals. Calculations of global production of EPA and DHA in the livers of these animals were done. Mean contents of LC-PUFA in raw livers of chicken, pigs, and cattle were comparable with those in some fish. Culinary treatments of the liver did not result in a decrease of EPA and DHA contents. Global production of EPA and DHA in animals' livers was estimated as approximate to 410(6)kg/year, while the global EPA+DHA supply through the wild fish catch is known to be 18010(6)kg/year. Thus, liver of production animals is an additional source of LC-PUFA for human nutrition, rather than an alternative to fish. Practical applications: Consumption of food with a high PUFA content and a low n-6/n-3 ratio is recommended for humans to prevent cardiovascular disease and psychiatric disorders. We found that cooked pork and beef liver is a valuable source of n-3 LC-PUFA in human nutrition. In contrast, cooked chicken liver had too high of a n-6/n-3 ratio and, thereby, had a lower nutritive value concerning n-3 LC-PUFA. An estimate has been made of the putative contribution of liver products of terrestrial animals to the LC-PUFA supply as alternative to fish in human nutrition.
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Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Sushchik N. N., Rudchenko A. E., Gladyshev M. I.
Заглавие : Effect of season and trophic level on fatty acid composition and content of four commercial fish species from Krasnoyarsk Reservoir (Siberia, Russia)
Место публикации : Fish. Res.: Elsevier B.V., 2017. - Vol. 187. - С. 178-187. - ISSN 01657836 (ISSN) , DOI 10.1016/j.fishres.2016.11.016
Ключевые слова (''Своб.индексиров.''): fatty acids--piscivorous and omnivorous fish--season--stable isotopes--trophic level
Аннотация: Two groups of factors, phylogenetic and ecological, are presently regarded as controlling fatty acid composition of fish, including essential eicosapentaenoic (EPA) and docosahexaenoic (DHA) acids. Environmental effects, e.g., trophic position, temperature and/or seasonality, were previously studied using sums of fatty acids or only their level data. We tested the hypothesis that differences in trophic levels of piscivorous (pike and perch) and omnivorous (roach and bream) fish from a mesotrophic reservoir allow discriminating levels and contents of individual fatty acids, especially EPA and DHA. The more established measurements, i.e., stomach contents and carbon and nitrogen stable isotopes in fish muscles, were also carried out to provide linkages between the different ecological tracers, fatty acids versus stable isotopes, and matching the methods for long-term food sources (fatty acids and stable isotopes) and recent foraging (stomach content analysis). We also studied a putative influence of seasonality. Similar to other studies, there were seasonal changes in fatty acid composition and contents of two fish, perch and roach, due to direct and indirect effects of water temperature. Meanwhile, the piscivorous and omnivorous species captured in the same month, were explicitly differentiated on a base of stable isotopes and fatty acids. Significantly higher percentages and contents of DHA in piscivorous fish, perch and pike, relatively to those in roach and bream, likely indicated a higher trophic transfer efficiency for this essential fatty acid. All the fishes have commercial importance for regional fishery and are harvested from the studied reservoir for human nutrition. Regarding content of EPA + DHA (mg g?1 fish) as the indicator of nutritive value for humans, pike had the highest nutritive value, roach and perch had intermediate overlapped values, and bream was of the least benefit. © 2016 Elsevier B.V.
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Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Gladyshev M. I., Sushchik N. N., Shulepina S. P., Ageev A. V., Dubovskaya O. P., Kolmakova A. A., Kalachova G. S.
Заглавие : Secondary Production of Highly Unsaturated Fatty Acids by Zoobenthos Across Rivers Contrasting in Temperature
Колич.характеристики :12 с
Коллективы : Siberian Federal University [6.1089.214/K]; Russian Federal Tasks of Fundamental Research [51.1.1]
Место публикации : River Res. Appl.: WILEY-BLACKWELL, 2016. - Vol. 32, Is. 6. - С. 1252-1263. - ISSN 1535-1459, DOI 10.1002/rra.2945. - ISSN 1535-1467(eISSN)
Примечания : Cited References:55. - The work was supported by the project no. 6.1089.214/K of Siberian Federal University carried out according to Federal Tasks of Ministry of Education and Science of Russian Federation and by Russian Federal Tasks of Fundamental Research (project no. 51.1.1).
Предметные рубрики: AQUATIC ECOSYSTEMS
CLIMATE-CHANGE
YENISEI RIVER
ALPINE PONDS
LAKE
Ключевые слова (''Своб.индексиров.''): essential polyunsaturated fatty acids--river zoobenthos--secondary--production--biodiversity--water temperature--climate warming
Аннотация: Highly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFA), namely eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5n-3, EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (22:6n-3, DHA), which are essential for many animals, including humans, are mainly produced in aquatic trophic webs. In fast-flowing rivers, macrozoobenthos is the main source of HUFA for fish and may be particularly vulnerable to thermal alterations associated with climate change. We studied benthic communities in a unique natural ecosystem: the Yenisei River downstream of the dam of Krasnoyarsk Hydroelectric Power Station with very low temperature in summer because of discharge of cold water from deep in the reservoir and its tributaries with high summer temperature. This natural experiment' allowed to get rid of confounding factors, such as differences in light, seasonality, geology (biogeochemistry) and biogeography (regional species pools). As found, in spite of an increase of biodiversity and rates of daily production in warm rivers compared with cold sites, DHA and partly EPA production of zoobenthos decreased with the increase of temperature because of changes in species composition. Thus, in a climate warming context, we can predict a decrease of production of these HUFA by river zoobenthos and thereby a diminishing of their supply for fish and next to humans. Copyright (c) 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Gribble M. O., Karimi R., Feingold B. J., Nyland J. F., O'Hara T. M., Gladyshev M. I., Chen C. Y.
Заглавие : Mercury, selenium and fish oils in marine food webs and implications for human health
Место публикации : J. Mar. Biol. Assoc. U.K. - 2016. - Vol. 96, Is. 1. - С. 43-59. - ISSN 00253154 (ISSN) , DOI 10.1017/S0025315415001356
Ключевые слова (''Своб.индексиров.''): docosahexaenoic acid--ecotoxicology--eicosapentaenoic acid--fish oils--mercury--n-3 fatty acids--oceans and human health--ohh--public health--selenium
Аннотация: Humans who eat fish are exposed to mixtures of healthful nutrients and harmful contaminants that are influenced by environmental and ecological factors. Marine fisheries are composed of a multitude of species with varying life histories, and harvested in oceans, coastal waters and estuaries where environmental and ecological conditions determine fish exposure to both nutrients and contaminants. Many of these nutrients and contaminants are thought to influence similar health outcomes (i.e., neurological, cardiovascular, immunological systems). Therefore, our understanding of the risks and benefits of consuming seafood require balanced assessments of contaminants and nutrients found in fish and shellfish. In this paper, we review some of the reported benefits of fish consumption with a focus on the potential hazards of mercury exposure, and compare the environmental variability of fish oils, selenium and mercury in fish. A major scientific gap identified is that fish tissue concentrations are rarely measured for both contaminants and nutrients across a range of species and geographic regions. Interpreting the implications of seafood for human health will require a better understanding of these multiple exposures, particularly as environmental conditions in the oceans change. © Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 2015.
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Вид документа : Статья из сборника (однотомник)
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Kudenko Y.A., Gribovskaya I.V., Pavlenko R.A.
Заглавие : Mineralization of wastes of human vital activity and plants in LSS
Колич.характеристики :4 с
Место публикации : SIXTH EUROPEAN SYMPOSIUM ON SPACE ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROL SYSTEMS, VOLS 1 AND 2. Ser. ESA SPECIAL PUBLICATIONS: EUROPEAN SPACE AGENCY, 1997. - Vol. 400: 6th European Symposium on Space Environmental Control Systems (MAY 20-22, 1997, NOORDWIJK, NETHERLANDS). - P803-806. - ISBN 0379-6566. - ISBN 92-9092-283-4
Примечания : Cited References: 0
Аннотация: Available methods for mineralizing wastes of human activity and inedible biomass of plants used in this country and abroad are divided into two types: dry mineralization at high temperatures up to 1270 degrees K with subsequent partial dissolution of the ash and the other wet oxidation by acids. In this case mineralization is performed at the temperature of 470-460 degrees K and the pressure of 220-270 atmospheres in pure oxygen with the output of mineral solution and dissoluble sediments in the form of scale. The drawback of the former method is formation of dioxins, CO, SO2, NO2 and other toxic compounds. The latter method is too sophisticated and presently is confined to bench testing. The proposed method to mineralize the wastes is in mid-position between the thermal and physical chemical methods. At the temperature of 80-90 degrees C the mixture was exposed to controlled electromagnetic field at normal atmospheric pressure. The method merits simplicity, reliability, produces no dissoluble sediment, emissions noxious for humans and plants. The basic difference from the above said methods is to employ for oxidizer atomic oxygen, its active forms including OH-radicals with hydrogen peroxide as the source. Hydrogen peroxide can be produced with electric power from water inside LSS.
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Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Gitelson I.I., Terskov I.A., Kovrov B.G., Sidko F.Ya., Lisovsky G.M., Okladnikov Yu.N., Belyanin V.N., Trubachov I.N., Rerberg M.S.
Заглавие : Life support system with autonomous control employing plant photosynthesis
Место публикации : Acta Astronautica. - 1976. - Vol. 3, Is. 9-10. - С. 633-650. - ISSN 00945765 (ISSN)
Ключевые слова (''Своб.индексиров.''): biochemical engineering - photosynthesis--spacecraft--adaptation--article--chlorella--growth, development and aging--human--instrumentation--intestine--male--metabolism--microbiology--microclimate--photosynthesis--physiology--plant--space flight--task performance--vegetable--water supply--wheat--adaptation, physiological--chlorella--ecological systems, closed--environment, controlled--humans--intestines--life support systems--male--metabolism--photosynthesis--plants--space simulation--task performance and analysis--triticum--vegetables--water supply
Аннотация: This research was aimed at obtaining a closed control system. This was achieved by placing all the technological processes providing for human vital activities within the hermetically sealed space, and by transferring the entire control and guidance of these processes to people inhabiting the system. In contrast to existing biological life support systems, man has been included not only as a participant of metabolism, but as an operator who is the central figure in collecting information, making decisions and controlling all technological processes. To tackle this problem, the "BIOS-3" experimental complex was created for performing long-term experiments using different structures of biological life-support system. The experiment lasted six months and consisted of three stages. During the first stage the system was comprised of two equivalent phytotrons with the culture of wheat and an assortment of vegetable plants, and the living compartment. At the second stage, one of the phytotrons was removed while a compartment of chlorella cultivators was introduced. The third stage differed from the second, the former using wheat phytotron and the latter employing phytotron with an assortment of vegetable cultures. Three men inhabited the system simultaneously. The experiment demonstrated that a biological life support system controlled autonomously from the inside is feasible within a small confined space. However, immunological and microbiological research shows, that the medium created by the system is not fully adequate for man. In conclusion, some prospects have been outlined for further studies of biological life support systems. В© 1976.
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10.

Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Gitelson I.I., Terskov I.A., Kovrov B.G., Lisovskii G.M., Okladnikov Yu.N., Sid'ko F.Ya., Trubachev I.N., Shilenko M.P., Alekseev S.S., Pan'kova I.M., Tirranen L.S.
Заглавие : Long-term experiments on man's stay in biological life-support system
Место публикации : Advances in Space Research. - 1989. - Vol. 9, Is. 8. - С. 65-71. - ISSN 02731177 (ISSN)
Ключевые слова (''Своб.индексиров.''): agricultural products--ecosystems--food products--personnel - health--space flight - manned flight--bios-3 complex--phytotrons--spacecraft--water--air conditioning--article--biomass--crop--evaluation--growth, development and aging--human--instrumentation--light--metabolism--methodology--microclimate--photosynthesis--plant--waste management--wheat--air conditioning--biomass--crops, agricultural--ecological systems, closed--evaluation studies--humans--life support systems--light--photosynthesis--plants--triticum--waste management--water
Аннотация: We describe the experimental system having maximal possible closure of material recycling in an ecosystem, including people and plants, which was carried out in a hermetically sealed experimental complex "BIOS-3", 315 m2 in volume. The system included 2 experimentators and 3 phytotrons with plants (total sowing area of 63 m2). Plants were grown with round-the-clock lamp irradiation with 130 Wm-2 PAR intensity. The plants production was food for people. Water exchange of ecosystem, as well as gas exchange, was fully closed excluding liquids and gas samples taken for chemical analysis outside the system. The total closure of material turnover constituted 91%. Health state of the crew was estimated before, during and after the experiment. A 5-months period did not affect their health. The experiments carried out prove that the closed ecosystem of "man-plants" is a prototype of a life-support system for long-term space expeditions. В© 1989.
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11.

Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Ovchinnikova T.M., Savchenko A.A., Sukhovol'skii V.G., Khlebopros R.G.
Заглавие : Structural and temporal links between the components of humoral immunity.
Место публикации : Doklady Biochemistry. - 2000. - Vol. 374, Is. 1-6. - С. 186-188. - ISSN 00124958 (ISSN)
Ключевые слова (''Своб.индексиров.''): immunoglobulin a--immunoglobulin d--immunoglobulin g--immunoglobulin m--antibody production--article--biological model--blood--herpes simplex--human--immunology--physiology--regression analysis--antibody formation--herpes simplex--humans--immunoglobulin a--immunoglobulin d--immunoglobulin g--immunoglobulin m--models, immunological--regression analysis
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12.

Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Lobova T.I., Barkhatov Y.V., Salamatina O.V., Popova L.Yu.
Заглавие : Multiple antibiotic resistance of heterotrophic bacteria in the littoral zone of Lake Shira as an indicator of human impact on the ecosystem
Место публикации : Microbiological Research. - 2008. - Vol. 163, Is. 2. - С. 152-160. - ISSN 09445013 (ISSN) , DOI 10.1016/j.micres.2006.03.014
Ключевые слова (''Своб.индексиров.''): antibiotic resistance--aquatic ecosystems--heterotrophic bacteria--human impact--monitoring--antibiotics--bacteria--ecosystems--environmental impact--mammals--antibiotic resistance--aquatic ecosystems--heterotrophic bacteria--materials--antiinfective agent--fresh water--allochthony--anthropogenic effect--antibiotic resistance--bacterium--concentration (composition)--heterotrophy--intertidal environment--monitoring--recreational facility--spring (season)--summer--animal--article--bacterial count--bacterium--drug effect--ecosystem--environmental monitoring--heterotrophy--human--isolation and purification--methodology--microbiological examination--microbiology--multidrug resistance--russian federation--season--animals--anti-bacterial agents--bacteria--colony count, microbial--drug resistance, multiple, bacterial--ecosystem--environmental monitoring--fresh water--heterotrophic processes--humans--microbial sensitivity tests--russia--seasons--eurasia--khakassia--lake shira--russian federation--animalia--bacteria (microorganisms)
Аннотация: Resistance to Ampicillin and Kanamycin displayed by heterotrophic bacteria isolated in Summer and in Spring from the littoral and the central parts of Lake Shira (a therapeutic lake in the Khakasia Republic, Russia) has been investigated. It has been found that in Summer, human and animal microflora featuring multiple antibiotic resistance (to Ampicillin and Kanamycin) predominates in all the studied stations of the littoral zone of the lake. In Spring, concentrations of bacteria featuring multiple antibiotic resistance decrease significantly and bacteria sensitive to antibiotics predominate in the lake. Emergence of multiple antibiotic resistance in bacteria of Lake Shira is caused by the input of allochthonous bacteria into the lake; this feature of heterotrophic bacteria of Lake Shira can be used to monitor the impact on the ecosystem made by health resorts. В© 2006 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.
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13.

Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Gladyshev M.I., Sushchik N.N., Makhutova O.N.
Заглавие : Production of EPA and DHA in aquatic ecosystems and their transfer to the land
Коллективы : Russian Foundation for Basic Research (RFBR) [11-04-00168, 12-05-00298]; project B-15 of Siberian Federal University
Место публикации : Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat.: ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC, 2013. - Vol. 107. - С. 117-126. - 10. - ISSN 1098-8823, DOI 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2013.03.002
Примечания : Cited References: 129. - This work was supported by grants of Russian Foundation for Basic Research (RFBR) No. 11-04-00168 and No. 12-05-00298, and also by the project B-15 of Siberian Federal University, carried out according to Federal Tasks of Ministry of Education and Science of Russian Federation. We are grateful to two anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments to improve the manuscript.
Предметные рубрики: POLYUNSATURATED FATTY-ACIDS
FRESH-WATER FISH
EICOSAPENTAENOIC ACID
DOCOSAHEXAENOIC ACID
YENISEI RIVER
BIOTECHNOLOGICAL PRODUCTION
ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL
CAENORHABDITIS-ELEGANS
MICROBIAL COMMUNITY
THYMALLUS-ARCTICUS
Ключевые слова (''Своб.индексиров.''): eicosapentaenoic acid--docosahexaenoic acid--aquatic ecosystems--trophic transfer efficiency
Аннотация: Most omnivorous animals, including humans, have to some degree relied on physiologically important polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) from food. Only some taxa of microalgae, rather than higher plants can synthesize de novo high amounts of EPA and DHA. Once synthesized by microalgae, PUFA are transferred through trophic chain to organisms of higher levels. Thus, aquatic ecosystems play the unique role in the Biosphere as the principal source of EPA and DHA for most omnivorous animals, including inhabitants of terrestrial ecosystems. PUFA are transferred from aquatic to terrestrial ecosystems through riparian predators, drift of carrion and seaweeds, emergence of amphibiotic insects, and water birds. The essential PUFA are transferred through trophic chains with about twice higher efficiency than bulk carbon. Thereby, PUFA are accumulated, rather than diluted in biomass of organisms of higher trophic levels, e.g., in fish. Mankind is faced with a severe deficiency of EPA and DHA in diet. Although additional sources of PUFA supply for humans, such as aquaculture, biotechnology of microorganisms and transgenic terrestrial oil-seed producing plants are developed, natural fish production of aquatic ecosystems will remain one of the main sources of EPA and DHA for humans. Aquatic ecosystems have to be protected from anthropogenic impacts, such as eutrophication, pollution and warming, which reduce PUFA production. (C) 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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14.

Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Kirensky L.V., Gitelson I.I., Terskov I.A., Kovrov B.G., Lisovsky G.M., Okladnikov Y.N.
Заглавие : Theoretical and experimental decisions in the creation of an artificial ecosystem for human life support in space.
Место публикации : Life sciences and space research. - 1971. - Vol. 9. - С. 75-80. - ISSN 00759422 (ISSN)
Ключевые слова (''Своб.индексиров.''): article--bacterium--biotechnology--chlorella--energy metabolism--human--instrumentation--man machine interaction--metabolism--microclimate--space flight--weightlessness--bacteria--biotechnology--chlorella--ecological systems, closed--energy metabolism--environment, controlled--humans--life support systems--man-machine systems--space flight--weightlessness
Аннотация: All of man's former space flights were not real ventures into space in the biological sense, as his life was supported with unregenerated earth supplies. The coming stage of space exploration requires man's long existence in the cosmos and on the other planets. This stage of man's activity outside the earth become possible only by creating small man-made ecosystems, permitting the support of his metabolism by the recycling of substances of the terrestrial biosphere. Creation of such systems is a new scientific and technical task. Man-made ecosystems are a new product of man's activity, which have no complete analogy, either in nature, or in technology. Stochastic mechanisms, which stabilize biogeocenosis, cannot be effective in small ecosystems. A technique of parametric control over biosynthesis made it possible to calculate, and put to practice, an ecosystem for man with a cyclic regeneration of the atmosphere, water and, partially, food. The specific bio-technological properties of small man-made ecosystems are being analysed. The possibility of their application for man's excursions into space and for the settlement of other planets is being considered.
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15.

Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Tirranen L.S., Gitelson I.I.
Заглавие : The role of volatile metabolites in microbial communities of the LSS higher plant link
Место публикации : Advances in Space Research. - 2006. - Vol. 38, Is. 6. - С. 1227-1232. - ISSN 02731177 (ISSN) , DOI 10.1016/j.asr.2006.02.038
Ключевые слова (''Своб.индексиров.''): inhibiting, bactericidal, stimulating effect--microbial interaction--type of interaction--volatile and non-volatile metabolites--growth kinetics--microbiology--microorganisms--plants (botany)--sensitivity analysis--toxic materials--inhibiting, bactericidal, stimulating effect--microbial interaction--type of interaction--volatile and non-volatile metabolites--metabolites
Аннотация: The paper addresses the possibility of controlling the microbial community composition through metabolites produced by microbes. The comparative analysis of experimental data has shown that volatile metabolites make a much greater contribution to the microbial interactions than nonvolatile ones. It has been found that interaction of microorganisms via the volatiles they release occurs frequently and is typical of a number of microorganisms. Volatile metabolites released by microorganisms produce an inhibitory, sometimes bactericidal, effect on the vital functions of bacteria. The stimulating action occurs 6-8 times less frequently. The range of action on the growth of the test cultures and the range of sensitivity to the effect of volatile metabolites of the study microbes have been found to be individual. Comparative cluster analysis of the ranges of action of 100 study cultures has shown that in the investigated set of microorganism species interaction was performed via a set of volatiles of an inhibiting action (82) and of a stimulating action (52). It has been found that release of volatile metabolites by the studied microorganisms depends upon the culture age, concentrations of components of the nutrient medium, and volatile by-products released by other microorganisms. This production can be increased or decreased by the action of volatile metabolites of other microbes. This is related to strain features and culture age. The prospects of using these regulating metabolites depend on the "range", specificity and safety for other members of the microbial community in insufficient concentrations. Volatiles produced by plants and microorganisms as well as by other components of the system - humans and processing equipment installed inside the closed ecosystem - could influence the formation not only of the microbial community but also of the gas composition of the system's atmosphere, through which they could affect the state of the plants. Specially performed experiments have shown that volatile metabolites of microorganisms can accumulate in their habitat, dissolve in the atmospheric water, and maintain their biological activity for days. It has been determined that volatile metabolites of some microorganisms are toxic for plants. Growth of seedling roots is inhibited more than growth of stems. В© 2006 COSPAR.
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16.

Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Gladyshev, Michail I., Sushchik, Nadezhda N., Makhutova, Olesia N., Glushchenko, Larisa A., Rudchenko, Anastasia E., Makhrov, Alexander A., Borovikova, Elena A., Dgebuadze, Yury Y.
Заглавие : Fatty Acid Composition and Contents of Seven Commercial Fish Species of Genus Coregonus from Russian Subarctic Water Bodies
Колич.характеристики :12 с
Коллективы : Russian Science Foundation [16-14-10001]
Место публикации : Lipids: SPRINGER HEIDELBERG, 2017. - Vol. 52, Is. 12. - С. 1033-1044. - ISSN 0024-4201, DOI 10.1007/s11745-017-4304-8. - ISSN 1558-9307(eISSN)
Примечания : Cited References:76. - The work was supported by Grant of Russian Science Foundation No. 16-14-10001. We are grateful to Ya. I. Alekseeva, V. S. Artamonova, I. L. Schurov, V. A. Shirokov for their kind help in sample collecting.
Предметные рубрики: SALMON SALMO-SALAR
FRESH-WATER
DOCOSAHEXAENOIC ACIDS
KRASNOYARSK
Ключевые слова (''Своб.индексиров.''): eicosapentaenoic acid--docosahexaenoic acid--anadromous fish--freshwater--fish--planktivory--benthivory
Аннотация: In several Russian northern lakes and rivers, Arctic cisco Coregonus autumnalis, least cisco C. sardinella, peled C. peled, tugun C. tugun, broad whitefish C. nasus, whitefish C. lavaretus and vendace C. albula were sampled in periods of officially permitted commercial fishery. Special attention was paid to contents (mg g(-1) of wet weight) of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in muscle tissues (filets), which are essential for human nutrition. The highest values of EPA + DHA content in semi-anadromous fish and freshwater fish were recorded for C. autumnalis from the Yenisei River, 17.60 mg g(-1) wet weight, and for C. lavaretus from the Sobachye Lake, 16.61 mg g(-1) wet weight, respectively. Intra-genus variations of EPA + DHA contents of Coregonus species were from 1.87 to 17.60 mg g(-1) wet weight. Since the congeneric species were genetically close to each other, the variations in EPA and DHA contents were thought to be caused primarily by ecological factors: migrational capability, type of feeding and trophic status of aquatic ecosystems. In general, the majority of studied species appeared to be of a high nutritive value for humans, although unfavorable environmental conditions could considerably diminish this value.
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17.

Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Makhutova, Olesia N., Stoyanov, Kirill N.
Заглавие : Fatty acid content and composition in tissues of Baikal grayling (Thymallus baicalensis), with a special focus on DHA synthesis
Колич.характеристики :19 с
Коллективы : Russian Foundation for Basic Research (RFBR)Russian Foundation for Basic Research (RFBR) [20-04-00594]; Russian FederationRussian Federation [51.1.1]; Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation [FSRZ-2020-0006]
Место публикации : Aquac. Int.: SPRINGER, 2021. - Article in press. - ISSN 0967-6120, DOI 10.1007/s10499-021-00755-w. - ISSN 1573-143X(eISSN)
Примечания : Cited References:75. - The research was funded by a grant from the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (RFBR) N 20-04-00594, by the state assignment within the framework of the Basic Research Program of the Russian Federation (topic no. 51.1.1) and the state assignment of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation to Siberian Federal University in 2020 (Project no. FSRZ-2020-0006 "Biologically active substances in environmental, biotechnological and medical systems").
Предметные рубрики: COD GADUS-MORHUA
DOCOSAHEXAENOIC ACID
SEASONAL DYNAMICS
FISH
Аннотация: Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids of n-3 family (n-3 LC PUFAs) are physiologically essential compounds required for normal growth and development of animals, including humans. The ability of fish species to synthesize n-3 LC PUFAs varies significantly across different trophic levels. We have studied fatty acid (FA) content (mg/g of wet weight) and level (% of total FAs) in the brain, liver, heart, intestine, female and male gonads, muscle, and adipose tissues of commercially important wild freshwater Baikal grayling. Additionally, FA content and level of Baikal grayling juveniles have been studied. In all tissues of Baikal grayling, some LC PUFAs, namely, 24:5n-3 and 24:6n-3 (C24 PUFAs), have been found. These FAs are the intermediate products in the synthesis of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6n-3) by the Sprecher pathway. The levels of C24 PUFAs in tissues differed significantly: the highest levels of C24 PUFAs were found in adipose tissue and the lowest values in the gonads of females, liver, brain, and head of juveniles. According to the dynamics of DHA and C24 PUFAs, the maximum rate of DHA synthesis is achieved in brain of Baikal grayling, while the lowest rate of DHA synthesis probably occurs in adipose tissue. Although all studied tissues had differences in the number of FAs and their levels, 16:0, 18:1n-9, 16:1n-7, 20:5n-3, and DHA dominated. Male gonads contained an extremely high level of furan FAs - presumably beneficial substances for human health. Additionally, the nutritional value of the tissues of Baikal grayling as a source of n-3 LC PUFAs for humans has been estimated.
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18.

Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Makhutova O. N., Stoyanov K. N.
Заглавие : Fatty acid content and composition in tissues of Baikal grayling (Thymallus baicalensis), with a special focus on DHA synthesis
Место публикации : Aquac. Int.: Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2021. - Article in press. - ISSN 09676120 (ISSN), DOI 10.1007/s10499-021-00755-w
Аннотация: Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids of n-3 family (n-3 LC PUFAs) are physiologically essential compounds required for normal growth and development of animals, including humans. The ability of fish species to synthesize n-3 LC PUFAs varies significantly across different trophic levels. We have studied fatty acid (FA) content (mg/g of wet weight) and level (% of total FAs) in the brain, liver, heart, intestine, female and male gonads, muscle, and adipose tissues of commercially important wild freshwater Baikal grayling. Additionally, FA content and level of Baikal grayling juveniles have been studied. In all tissues of Baikal grayling, some LC PUFAs, namely, 24:5n-3 and 24:6n-3 (C24 PUFAs), have been found. These FAs are the intermediate products in the synthesis of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6n-3) by the Sprecher pathway. The levels of C24 PUFAs in tissues differed significantly: the highest levels of C24 PUFAs were found in adipose tissue and the lowest values in the gonads of females, liver, brain, and head of juveniles. According to the dynamics of DHA and C24 PUFAs, the maximum rate of DHA synthesis is achieved in brain of Baikal grayling, while the lowest rate of DHA synthesis probably occurs in adipose tissue. Although all studied tissues had differences in the number of FAs and their levels, 16:0, 18:1n-9, 16:1n-7, 20:5n-3, and DHA dominated. Male gonads contained an extremely high level of furan FAs — presumably beneficial substances for human health. Additionally, the nutritional value of the tissues of Baikal grayling as a source of n-3 LC PUFAs for humans has been estimated. © 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.
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19.

Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Kalyabina V. P., Esimbekova E. N., Kopylova K. V., Kratasyuk V. A.
Заглавие : Pesticides: formulants, distribution pathways and effects on human health – a review
Место публикации : Toxicol. Rep.: Elsevier Inc., 2021. - Vol. 8. - С. 1179-1192. - ISSN 22147500 (ISSN), DOI 10.1016/j.toxrep.2021.06.004
Аннотация: Pesticides are commonly used in agriculture to enhance crop production and control pests. Therefore, pesticide residues can persist in the environment and agricultural crops. Although modern formulations are relatively safe to non-target species, numerous theoretical and experimental data demonstrate that pesticide residues can produce long-term negative effects on the health of humans and animals and stability of ecosystems. Of particular interest are molecular mechanisms that mediate the start of a cascade of adverse effects. This is a review of the latest literature data on the effects and consequences of contamination of agricultural crops by pesticide residues. In addition, we address the issue of implicit risks associated with pesticide formulations. The effects of pesticides are considered in the context of the Adverse Outcome Pathway concept. © 2021 The Author(s)
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20.

Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Dubovtseva I. Y., Aksenenko M. B., Nikolaeva E. D., Averchuk A. S., Moshev A. V., Savchenko A. A., Markova S. V., Ruksha T. G.
Заглавие : FOXC1-Mediated Effects of miR-204-5p on Melanoma Cell Proliferation
Место публикации : Mol Biol (Mosk): NLM (Medline), 2021. - Vol. 55, Is. 4. - С. 667-675. - ISSN 00268984 (ISSN), DOI 10.31857/S0026898421030058
Аннотация: MicroRNAs epigenetically regulate physiological and pathological processes. Previously, we found that miR-204-5p is expressed at low levels in melanoma cells, and an increase in its level leads to a change in proliferation, migration, and invasion of these cancer cells. Now, using bioinformatics analysis, it has been shown that the target of miR-204-5p is FOXC1 transcription factor, which is implicated in carcinogenesis. Using the luciferase reporter assay, it was found that miR-204-5p suppresses expression of the FOXC1 gene by binding to its 3' non-coding region. Transfection of small interfering RNA (siRNA) targeting FOXC1 into melanoma cells caused a decrease in miR-204-5p levels, which is consistent with the generally accepted concept of feedback regulation of miRNA expression by target genes. According to the results of the MTT test and fluorescence microscopy, the proliferation level of melanoma cells under the influence of siRNA to FOXC1 decreased 72 h after transfection. Changes in the ratio of cells by cell cycle phase were analyzed using flow cytometry. Regulatory relationships between FOXC1 and miR-204-5p, and an inhibitory effect of FOXC1 knockdown on melanoma cell proliferation were revealed. Based on the results, it can be assumed that miR-204-5p regulates proliferation of melanoma cells by affecting FOXC1 expression.
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