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Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Bauer S..., Schott A.K., Illarionova V..., Bacher A..., Huber R..., Fischer M...
Заглавие : Biosynthesis of tetrahydrofolate in plants: Crystal structure of 7,8-dihydroneopterin aldolase from Arabidopsis thaliana reveals a novel adolase class
Колич.характеристики :13 с
Место публикации : J. Mol. Biol.: ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD, 2004. - Vol. 339, Is. 4. - P967-979. - ISSN 0022-2836, DOI 10.1016/j.jmb.2004.04.034
Примечания : Cited References: 66
Предметные рубрики: GTP CYCLOHYDROLASE-I
GUANOSINE TRIPHOSPHATE CYCLOHYDROLASE
6-PYRUVOYL TETRAHYDROPTERIN SYNTHASE
ESCHERICHIA-COLI
DIHYDRONEOPTERIN ALDOLASE
FOLIC-ACID
ENZYMATIC SYNTHESIS
DIHYDROPTEROATE SYNTHASE
REACTION-MECHANISM
3-DIMENSIONAL STRUCTURE
Ключевые слова (''Своб.индексиров.''): tetrahydrofolate biosynthesis--aldolase classes--retroaldol reaction--purin binding--schiff base
Аннотация: Dihydroneopterin aldolase (DHNA) catalyses a retroaldol reaction yielding 6-hydroxymethyl-7,8-dihydropterin, a biosynthetic precursor of the vitamin, tetrahydrofolate. The enzyme is a potential target for antimicrobial and anti-parasite chemotherapy. A gene specifying a dihydroneopterin aldolase from Arabidopsis thaliana was expressed in a recombinant Escherichia coli strain. The recombinant protein was purified to apparent homogeneity and crystallised using polyethylenglycol as the precipitating agent. The crystal structure was solved by X-ray diffraction analysis at 2.2 Angstrom resolution. The enzyme forms a D-4-symmetric homo-octamer. Each polypeptide chain is folded into a single domain comprising an antiparallel four-stranded beta-sheet and two long alpha-helices. Four monomers are arranged in a tetrameric ring, and two of these rings form a hollow cylinder. Well defined purine derivatives are found at all eight topologically equivalent active sites. The subunit fold of the enzyme is related to substructures of dihydroneopterin triphosphate epimerase, GTP cyclohydrolase I, and pyruvoyltetrahydropterin synthase, which are all involved in the biosynthesis of pteridine type cofactors, and to urate oxidase, although some members of that superfamily have no detectable sequence similarity Due to structural and mechanistical differences of DHNA in comparison with class I and class II aldolases, a new aldolase class is proposed. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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Вид документа : Статья из сборника (однотомник)
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Borodina E.V., Tirranen L.S.
Заглавие : High temperature effect on microflora of radish root-inhabited zone and nutrient solutions for radish growth
Колич.характеристики :6 с
Место публикации : SPACE LIFE SCIENCES: MISSIONS TO MARS, RADIATION BIOLOGY, AND PLANTS AS A FOUNDATION FOR LONG-TERM LIFE SUPPORT SYSTEMS IN SPACE. Ser. ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH: PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD, 2003. - Vol. 31: F0 1 and F1 3-F2 3 Symposia of COSPAR Scientific Commission F held at the 33rd COSPAR Scientific Assembly (JUL, 2000, WARSAW, POLAND), Is. 1. - P235-240. - ISBN 0273-1177, DOI 10.1016/S0273-1177(02)00741-X
Примечания : Cited References: 7
Аннотация: The effect of high temperatures (35 and 45 degreesC) on microflora of the root zone of radish plants grown in phytotron was evaluated by the response of microorganisms from 9 indicator groups. Phytotron air temperature elevated to 35 degreesC for 20 hours caused no significant changes in qualitative and quantitative composition of the root microflora in experimental plants. By the end of the experiment, the species diversity of microflora had changed. The amount of phytopathogenic microorganisms decreased which can be interpreted as more stable co-existence of microflora with plants. The numbers of microbes from other indicator groups was in dynamic equilibrium. The plants' condition did not deteriorate either. Exposure to the temperature of 45 degreesC for 7 hours have been found to change the numbers and species diversity in the radish root zone microflora. The microorganisms were observed to increase their total numbers at the expense of certain indicator groups. Bacteria increased spore forms at the stage of spores. Colon bacillus bacteria of increased their numbers by the end,of experiment by an order. By the end of experiment the roots of experiment plants had microscopic fungi from. Mucor, Aspergillus, Trichoderma, Cladosporium genera. The observed changes in the microbial complex seem to be associated with the changes of root emissions and general deterioration of the plants' condition. It is suggested that the response of the microorganisms can be indicative of the condition of plants under investigation. (C) 2002 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd on behalf of COSPAR.
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Вид документа : Статья из сборника (однотомник)
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Tikhomirov A.A., Ushakova S.A., Manukovsky N.S., Lisovsky G.M., Kudenko Y.A., Kovalev V.S., Gubanov V.G., Barkhatov Y.V., Gribovskaya I.V., Zolotukhin I.G., Gros J.B., Lasseur C...
Заглавие : Mass exchange in an experimental new-generation life support system model based on biological regeneration of environment
Колич.характеристики :10 с
Место публикации : SPACE LIFE SCIENCES: CLOSED ARTIFICIAL ECOSYSTEMS AND LIFE SUPPORT SYSTEMS. Ser. ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH: PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD, 2003. - Vol. 31: Meeting of F4 1 Session of the 34th Scientific Assembly of COSPAR (OCT, 2002, HOUSTON, TEXAS), Is. 7. - P1711-1720. - ISBN 0273-1177, DOI 10.1016/S0273-1177(03)00108-X
Примечания : Cited References: 13
Аннотация: An experimental model of a biological life support system was used to evaluate qualitative and quantitative parameters of the internal mass exchange. The photosynthesizing unit included the higher plant component (wheat and radish), and the heterotrophic unit consisted of a soil-like substrate, California worms, mushrooms and microbial microflora. The gas mass exchange involved evolution of oxygen by the photosynthesizing component and its uptake by the heterotroph component along with the formation and maintaining of the SLS structure, growth of mushrooms and California worms, human respiration, and some other processes. Human presence in the system in the form of "virtual human" that at regular intervals took part in the respirative gas exchange during the experiment. Experimental data demonstrated good oxygen/carbon dioxide balance, and the closure of the cycles of these gases was almost complete. The water cycle was nearly 100% closed. The main components in the water mass exchange were transpiration water and the watering solution with mineral elements. Human consumption of the edible plant biomass (grains and roots) was simulated by processing these products by a unique physicochemical method of oxidizing them to inorganic mineral compounds, which were then returned into the system and fully assimilated by the plants. The oxidation was achieved by "wet combustion" of organic biomass, using hydrogen peroxide following a special procedure, which does not require high temperature and pressure. Hydrogen peroxide is produced from the water inside the system. The closure of the cycle was estimated for individual elements and compounds. Stoichiometric proportions are given for the main components included in the experimental model of the system. Approaches to the mathematical modeling of the cycling processes are discussed, using the data of the experimental model. Nitrogen, as a representative of biogenic elements, shows an almost 100% closure of the cycle inside the system, The proposed experimental model of a biological system is discussed as a candidate for potential application in the investigations aimed at creating ecosystems with largely closed cycles of the internal mass exchange. The formation and maintenance of sustainable cycling of vitally important chemical elements and compounds in biological life support systems (BLSS) is an extremely pressing problem. To attain the stable functioning of biological life support systems (BLSS) and to maintain a high degree of closure of material cycles in them, it is essential to understand the character of mass exchange processes and stoichiometric proportions of the initial and synthesized components of the system. (C) 2003 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
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Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Zotina T. A., Trofimova E. A., Medvedeva M. Y., Dementyev D. V., Bolsunovsky A. Y.
Заглавие : Use of the aquatic plant Elodea canadensis to assess toxicity and genotoxicity of Yenisei River sediments
Место публикации : Environ. Toxicol. Chem. - 2015. - Vol. 34, Is. 10. - С. 2310-2321. - ISSN 07307268 (ISSN) , DOI 10.1002/etc.3057
Ключевые слова (''Своб.индексиров.''): aquatic plants--biomarkers--genotoxicity--sediment quality--sediment toxicity--biomarkers--chromosomes--cytotoxicity--pollution--pollution control--radioactive waste disposal--radioactivity--river pollution--sediments--toxicity--aquatic plants--genotoxicities--laboratory bioassay--radioactive contamination--radioactive pollution--sediment quality--sediment toxicity--toxicity endpoints--rivers--article--bioassay--controlled study--cytotoxicity--elodea canadensis--environmental exposure--genotoxicity--indicator organism--lake sediment--mitosis index--nonhuman--plant growth--plant root--priority journal--radioactive pollution--river--root length--russian federation--sensitivity analysis--shoot--toxicity testing--elodea--elodea canadensis
Аннотация: The toxicity, cytotoxicity, and genotoxicity of bulk sediments from the Yenisei River (Siberia, Russia) were estimated in laboratory bioassays based on several endpoints in the aquatic plant Elodea canadensis. The bottom sediment samples were collected in the Yenisei River upstream and downstream of the sources of chemical and radioactive contamination. The testing revealed different sensitivities of Elodea endpoints to the quality of the bottom sediment: weight of shootslength of shootsmitotic indexlength of rootspercentage of abnormal cells. The response of the genotoxicity endpoint (percentage of cells with chromosome abnormalities in roots of Elodea) was the highest in sediments with chemical pollution, whereas the highest inhibition of toxicity endpoints (shoot and root length) occurred in sediments with the highest level of radioactive pollution. The extreme response of Elodea endpoints to the quality of certain sediment samples may be regarded as related to the possible presence of unknown toxicants. The results show that E. canadensis can be used as an indicator species in laboratory contact testing of bottom sediment. The responses of shoot and root length growth endpoints of Elodea can be recommended as basic sensitivity indicators of bottom sediment toxicity. Analysis of cells carrying abnormal chromosomes in the apical root meristem of Elodea can be performed optionally in the same test to assess the genotoxicity of sediments. © 2015 SETAC.
Scopus,
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Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Nesterenko, T. V., Shikhov, V. N., Tikhomirov, A. A.
Заглавие : Chlorophyll fluorescence as an indicator of age-dependent changes in photosynthetic apparatus of wheat leaves
Колич.характеристики :7 с
Коллективы : section VI of the Program for Basic Research of the State Academies of Sciences [56.1.4]
Место публикации : Russ. J. Plant Physiol.: MAIK NAUKA/INTERPERIODICA/SPRINGER, 2015. - Vol. 62, Is. 3. - С. 307-313. - ISSN 1021-4437, DOI 10.1134/S1021443715020144. - ISSN 1608-3407(eISSN)
Примечания : Cited References:30. - This work was supported by the State Assignment, topic no. 56.1.4, section VI of the Program for Basic Research of the State Academies of Sciences for 2013-2020.
Предметные рубрики: LEAF SENESCENCE
ONTOGENIC APPROACH
LIGHT DEPENDENCE
PARAMETERS
Ключевые слова (''Своб.индексиров.''): triticum sativus--chlorophyll fluorescence parameters--actinic light--intensity--leaf ontogeny
Аннотация: Wheat (Triticum sativus L.) seedlings of various ages (2- to 16-day-old plants) were used to study age-dependent changes in the chlorophyll fluorescence induction (CFI) at various light intensities during flu- orescence measurements. Plants were raised in a growth chamber using hydroponics with expanded clay, controlled environmental conditions, and 690 A mu mol/(m(2) s) photon flux density (PFD) of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR). Parameters of CFI were determined under actinic PFD of 380, 580, 820, and 1340 A mu mol/(m(2) s) PAR. The fifth leaf from the stem base, exposed to uniform lighting, was sampled for measurements. This leaf emerged at the plant age of 16 days. Based on fluorescence data, we calculated the maximal photochemical quantum yield of photosystem II (F (v)/F (m)), the effective photochemical quantum yield of PSII (Yield), parameters of photochemical (qP) and non-photochemical (qN and NPQ) quenching of chlorophyll fluorescence, the F (p)/F (t) ratio, and the "vitality index" (fluorescence decrease ratio, R (fd)). At moderate actinic PFD, applied commonly in PAM fluorometers (about 380 A mu mol/(m(2) s)), age-dependent changes in NPQ, F (p)/F (t), and R (fd) were observed. Analysis of CFI parameters in wheat leaves of different ages at PFD increasing from 380 to 820 A mu mol/(m(2) s) revealed that R (fd), NPQ, and qN are the most sensitive markers of the leaf age among all parameters tested. These suitable indicators can be used for rapid assessment of the leaf age.
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Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Zavorueva E.N., Ushakova S.A.
Заглавие : Characteristics of slow induction curve of chlorophyll fluorescence and CO2 exchange for the assessment of plant heat tolerance at various levels of light intensity
Колич.характеристики :8 с
Место публикации : Russ. J. Plant Physiol.: MAIK NAUKA/INTERPERIODICA/SPRINGER, 2004. - Vol. 51, Is. 3. - P294-301. - ISSN 1021-4437, DOI 10.1023/B:RUPP.0000028674.39572.1c
Примечания : Cited References: 18
Ключевые слова (''Своб.индексиров.''): triticum aestivum--raphanus sativus var. minor--fluorescence--heat tolerance--pigments--co2 exchange
Аннотация: The heat tolerance of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and radish (Raphanus sativus L. var. minor) cenoses exposed to elevated and damaging air temperatures (35 degreesC for 20 h, 45 degreesC for 7 h) under photoculture conditions at various levels of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) was assessed by measuring characteristics of the slow induction curve of chlorophyll fluorescence at 682 and 734 nm and the CO2 exchange rate. Irrespective of the illumination level, the exposure of the cenoses to 35 degreesC did not induce irreversible changes in the plant photosynthetic apparatus. The lowest extent of damage to wheat and radish cenoses exposed to 45 degreesC was observed at 150 W/m(2) of PAR, whereas the highest damage of the plants was observed at an illumination level that was close to the compensation point of the cenose photosynthesis (50-70 W/m(2) of PAR at air temperature of 24 degreesC). Viability index proved to be the most sensitive. characteristic, compared to other characteristics, which were determined by measuring the slow phase of fluorescence induction at 682 and 734 nm. In the cenoses studied, the pattern of changes in the viability index in response to a stress factor was close to the changes in the photosynthetic rate.
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Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Karnachuk R.A., Vaishlya O.B., Dorofeev V.Y., Ushakova S.A., Tikhomirov A.A., Lasseur C..., Gros J.B.
Заглавие : Effect of growing conditions on wheat hormonal status and productivity in experimental ecological system
Колич.характеристики :6 с
Место публикации : Russ. J. Plant Physiol.: MAIK NAUKA/INTERPERIODICA, 2003. - Vol. 50, Is. 2. - P237-242. - ISSN 1021-4437, DOI 10.1023/A:1022933516663
Примечания : Cited References: 24
Предметные рубрики: GRAINS
Ключевые слова (''Своб.индексиров.''): triticum aestivum--phytohormones--co2--illuminance--productivity
Аннотация: The levels of free and bound forms of IAA, ABA, cytokinins (CK), and gibberellins, as well as growth characteristics and productivity were investigated in two wheat lines. The plants were grown under controlled conditions in an artificial ecosystem that allowed the irradiance, CO2 concentration, and rhizosphere temperature to be changed. The main difference in the hormonal status of leaves of tall spring wheat, line 232, and dwarf wheat, line 95-3, was the absence of GA(9) gibberellins in the latter. It was found that the light intensity and temperature of rhizosphere insignificantly affected the balance of endogenous phytohormones and HI in wheat. The elevation of CO2 concentration resulted in a considerable increase in the content of free IAA, an appearance of free GA(9), and a rise in the productivity of wheat, line 232. The concentration of CO2 was shown to be a major parameter that determined HI in the experimental ecological system.
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Вид документа : Статья из сборника (однотомник)
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Gitelson J.I., Bartsev S.I., Mezhevikin V.V., Okhonin V.A.
Заглавие : An alternative approach to solar system exploration providing safety of human mission to Mars
Колич.характеристики :8 с
Место публикации : SPACE LIFE SCIENCES: MISSIONS TO MARS, RADIATION BIOLOGY, AND PLANTS AS A FOUNDATION FOR LONG-TERM LIFE SUPPORT SYSTEMS IN SPACE. Ser. ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH: PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD, 2003. - Vol. 31: F0 1 and F1 3-F2 3 Symposia of COSPAR Scientific Commission F held at the 33rd COSPAR Scientific Assembly (JUL, 2000, WARSAW, POLAND), Is. 1. - P17-24. - ISBN 0273-1177, DOI 10.1016/S0273-1177(02)00657-9
Примечания : Cited References: 8
Предметные рубрики: SPACE
Аннотация: For systematic human Mars exploration, meeting crew safety requirements, it seems perspective to assemble into a spacecraft: an electrical rocket, a well-shielded long-term life support system, and a manipulator-robots operating in combined "presence effect" and "master-slave" mode. The electrical spacecraft would carry humans to the orbit of Mars, providing short distance (and low signal time delay) between operator and robot-manipulators, which are landed on the surface of the planet. Long-term hybrid biological and physical/chemical LSS could provide environment supporting human health and well being. Robot-manipulators operating in "presence effect" and "master-slave" mode exclude necessity of human landing on Martian surface decreasing the level of risk for crew. Since crewmen would not have direct contact with the Martian environment then the problem of mutual biological protection is essentially reduced. Lightweight robot-manipulators, without heavy life support systems and without the necessity of returning to the mother vessel, could be sent as scouts to different places on the planet surface, scanning the most interesting for exobiological research site. Some approximate estimations of electric spacecraft, long-term hybrid LSS, radiation protection and mission parameters are conducted and discussed. (C) 2002 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
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Вид документа : Статья из сборника (однотомник)
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Tikhomirov A.A., Ushakova S.A., Gribovskaya I.A., Tirranen L.S., Manukovsky N.S., Zolotukhin I.G., Karnachuk R.A., Gros J.B., Lasseur C...
Заглавие : Light intensity and production parameters of phytocenoses cultivated on soil-like substrate under controled environment conditions
Колич.характеристики :6 с
Место публикации : SPACE LIFE SCIENCES: CLOSED ARTIFICIAL ECOSYSTEMS AND LIFE SUPPORT SYSTEMS. Ser. ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH: PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD, 2003. - Vol. 31: Meeting of F4 1 Session of the 34th Scientific Assembly of COSPAR (OCT, 2002, HOUSTON, TEXAS), Is. 7. - P1775-1780. - ISBN 0273-1177, DOI 10.1016/S0273-1177(03)00120-0
Примечания : Cited References: 11
Предметные рубрики: SYSTEM
Аннотация: To increase the degree of closure of biological life support systems of a new generation, we used vermicomposting to involve inedible phytomass in the intra-system mass exchange. The resulting product was a soil-like substrate, which was quite suitable for growing plants (Manukovsky et al. 1996, 1997). However, the soil-like substrate can be regarded as a candidate for inclusion in a system only after a comprehensive examination of its physical, chemical, and other characteristics. An important criterion is the ability of the soil-like substrate to supply the necessary mineral elements to the photosynthesizing component under the chosen cultivation conditions. Thus, the purpose of this work was to study the feasibility of enhancing the production activity of wheat and radish crops by varying the intensity of photosynthetically active radiation, without decreasing the harvest index. The increase of light intensity from 920 to 1150 mumol(.)m(-2.)s(-1) decreased the intensity of apparent photosynthesis of the wheat crops and slightly increased the apparent photosynthesis of the radish crops The maximum total and grain productivity (kg/m(2)) of the wheat crops was attained at the irradiance of 920 mumol(.)m(-2.)s(-1). Light intensity of 1150 mumol(.)m(2.)s(-1) decreased the productivity of wheat plants and had no significant effect on the productivity of the radish crops (kg/m(2)) as compared to 920 mumol(.)m(-2.)s(-2). The qualitative and quantitative composition of microflora of the watering solution and substrate was determined by the condition of plants, developmental phase and light intensity. By the end of wheat growth under 1150 mumol(.)m(-2.)s(-1) the numbers of bacteria of the coliform family and phytopathogenic bacteria in the watering solution and substrate were an order of magnitude larger than under other illumination conditions. The obtained data suggest that the cultivation of plants in a life support system on soil-like substrate from composts has a number of advantages over the cultivation on neutral substrates, which require continual replenishment of the plant nutrient solution from the system's store to complement the macro- and micro- elements. Yet, a number of problems arise, including those related to the controlling of the production activity of the plants by the intensity of photosynthetically active radiation. It is essential to understand why the intensity of production processes is limited at higher irradiation levels and to overcome the factors responsible for this, so that the soil-like substrate could have an even better chance in the competition for the best plant cultivation technology to be used in biological life support systems. (C) 2003 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
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10.

Вид документа : Статья из сборника (однотомник)
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Somova L.A., Pechurkin N.S., Pisman T.I.
Заглавие : Increase of atmospheric CO2: Response patterns of a simple terrestrial man-made ecosystem
Колич.характеристики :5 с
Место публикации : SPACE LIFE SCIENCES: CLOSED ARTIFICIAL ECOSYSTEMS AND LIFE SUPPORT SYSTEMS. Ser. ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH: PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD, 2003. - Vol. 31: Meeting of F4 1 Session of the 34th Scientific Assembly of COSPAR (OCT, 2002, HOUSTON, TEXAS), Is. 7. - P1731-1735. - ISBN 0273-1177, DOI 10.1016/S0273-1177(03)00110-8
Примечания : Cited References: 22
Предметные рубрики: ELEVATED CARBON-DIOXIDE
MATHEMATICAL-MODEL
MICROORGANISMS
NITROGEN
LIMITATION
ENRICHMENT
DYNAMICS
SYSTEM
Аннотация: Simple models of terrestrial ecosystems with a limited number of components are an efficient tool to study the main laws of functioning of populations, including microbial ones, and their communities, as components of natural ecosystems, under variable environmental conditions. Among other factors are the increase of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere and limitation of plants' growth by biogenic elements. The main types of ecosystems' responses to changes in environmental conditions (a change in CO2 concentration) have been demonstrated in a "plants - rhizospheric microorganisms - artificial soil" simple experimental system. The mathematical model of interactions between plants and microorganisms under normal and elevated atmospheric CO2 and limitation by nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorus) yielded a qualitative agreement between calculated and experimental values of limiting substances concentrations and release rates of exudates. (C) 2003 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
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11.

Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Kovaleva N.P., Tikhomirov A.A., Dolgushev V.A.
Заглавие : Specific characteristics of Rhodiola rosea growth and development under the photoculture conditions
Колич.характеристики :5 с
Место публикации : Russ. J. Plant Physiol.: MAIK NAUKA/INTERPERIODICA, 2003. - Vol. 50, Is. 4. - P527-531. - ISSN 1021-4437, DOI 10.1023/A:1024781025696
Примечания : Cited References: 19
Ключевые слова (''Своб.индексиров.''): rhodiola rosea--plant growth and development--photoculture--salidroside
Аннотация: Growth and development of Rhodiola rosea L. plants (the family Crassulaceae) were compared in their natural habitat, field stands, and in photoculture. By the indices of growth and development, plants grown for 135-137 days under the intensive photoculture were shown to exceed the 3-year-old plants developed in the natural habitats and 1-1.5-year-old plants grown in the field stands. Under the photoculture, 35% of all the plants under study started flowering at the day 75-77 after seed germination. The content of salidroside in the rhizomes of the 135-137-day-old plants was 0.4-0.6% per dry weight. Following photoculturing for 245 days, rhizome weight increased 4.5-fold as compared to the 135-137-day-old plants, and the salidroside concentration reached 1.2%, the level corresponding to the maximum content of this glycoside in the plants growing in their natural habitat and exceeding by 1.5-3 times the levels observed in the plants grown in the field stands. Under the photoculture conditions, plants of R. rosea were shown to grow without the dormancy period. Several factors apparently raised the salidroside concentration in the 245-day-old plants under the photoculture conditions, including enhanced growth, absence of the dormancy period and the period of lowered temperatures; as a whole, these factors promoted the detoxification, storage, and/or transport of the primary metabolic products.
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12.

Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Tikhomirov A.A., Ushakova S.A., Manukovsky N.S., Lisovsky G.M., Kudenko Y.A., Kovalev V.S., Gribovskaya I.V., Tirranen L.S., Zolotukhin I.G., Gros J.B., Lasseur C...
Заглавие : Synthesis of biomass and utilization of plants wastes in a physical model of biological life-support system
Колич.характеристики :9 с
Место публикации : Acta Astronaut.: PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD, 2003. - Vol. 53: 53rd Congress of the International-Astronautical-Federation (IAF) (OCT 10, 2002, HOUSTON, TEXAS), Is. 04.10.2013. - P249-257. - ISSN 0094-5765, DOI 10.1016/S0094-5765(03)00137-1
Примечания : Cited References: 16
Аннотация: The paper considers problems of biosynthesis of higher plants' biomass and "bioloaical incineration" of plant wastes in a working physical model of biological LSS. The plant wastes are "biologically incinerated" in a special heterotrophic block involving Californian worms, mushrooms and straw. The block processes plant wastes (straw, haulms) to produce soil-like substrate (SLS) on which plants (wheat, radish) are grown. Gas exchange in such a system consists of respiratory gas exchange of SLS and photosynthesis and respiration of plants. Specifics of gas exchange dynamics of high plants - SLS complex has been considered. Relationship between such a gas exchange and PAR irradiance and age of plants has been established. Nitrogen and iron were found to the first to limit plants' growth on SLS when process conditions are deranged. The SLS microflora has been found to have different kinds of ammonifying and denitrifying bacteria which is indicative of intensive transformation of nitrogen-containing compounds. The number of physiological groups of microorganisms in SLS was, on the whole, steady. As a result, organic substances - products of exchange of plants and microorganisms were not accumulated in the medium, but mineralized and assimilated by the biocenosis. Experiments showed that the developed model of a manmade ecosystem realized complete utilization of plant wastes and involved them into the intrasystem turnover. (C) 2003 International Astronautical Federation. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
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13.

Вид документа : Статья из сборника (однотомник)
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Gros J.B., Poughon L..., Lasseur C..., Tikhomirov A.A.
Заглавие : Recycling efficiencies of C,H,O,N,S, and P elements in a biological life support system based on microorganisms and higher plants
Колич.характеристики :5 с
Место публикации : SPACE LIFE SCIENCES: MISSIONS TO MARS, RADIATION BIOLOGY, AND PLANTS AS A FOUNDATION FOR LONG-TERM LIFE SUPPORT SYSTEMS IN SPACE. Ser. ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH: PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD, 2003. - Vol. 31: F0 1 and F1 3-F2 3 Symposia of COSPAR Scientific Commission F held at the 33rd COSPAR Scientific Assembly (JUL, 2000, WARSAW, POLAND), Is. 1. - P195-199. - ISBN 0273-1177, DOI 10.1016/S0273-1177(02)00739-1
Примечания : Cited References: 10
Аннотация: MELiSSA is a microorganism based artificial ecosystem conceived as a tool for understanding the behavior of ecosystems and developing the technology for future Manned Space Missions. MELiSSA is composed of four compartments colonized by the microorganisms required by the function of this ecosystem : breakdown of waste produced by men, regeneration of atmosphere and biosynthesis of edible biomass. This paper reports the mass balance description of a Biological Life Support System composed of the MELiSSA loop and of a Higher Plant Compartment working in parallel with the photosynthetic Spirulina compartment producing edible biomass. The recycling efficiencies of the system are determined and compared for various working conditions of the MELiSSA loop with or without the HPC. (C) 2002 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd on behalf of COSPAR.
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14.

Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Trifonov S. V., Kudenko Y. A., Tikhomirov A. A.
Заглавие : Prospects for using a full-scale installation for wet combustion of organic wastes in closed life support systems
Место публикации : Life Sci. Space Res. - 2015. - Vol. 7. - С. 15-21. - ISSN 22145524 (ISSN) , DOI 10.1016/j.lssr.2015.08.003
Ключевые слова (''Своб.индексиров.''): automatic control--human waste--life support system--physicochemical oxidation--radish growth--hydrogen peroxide--alternating current--article--closed life support system--combustion--control system--electric field--electricity--human--microclimate--mineralization--organic waste--oxidation--radish--recycling--scale up--waste--wet combustion
Аннотация: The issue of recycling organic wastes in closed life support systems (CLSS) includes both fundamental aspects of environmental safety of the recycled products and their effective involvement in material cycles and technical aspects related to the structure of the system and the crew's demands. This study estimates the effectiveness of wet combustion of different amounts of organic wastes in hydrogen peroxide under application of an alternating current electric field. The study also addresses the possibility of controlling the process automatically. The results show that processing of greater amounts of wastes reduces specific power consumption and shortens the duration of the process, without significantly affecting the level of oxidation of the products. An automatic control system for a semi-commercial installation has been constructed and tested experimentally. The solution of mineralized human wastes prepared in the automatically controlled process in this installation was successfully used to grow radish plants, with the main production parameters being similar to those of the control. © 2015 The Committee on Space Research (COSPAR). Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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15.

Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Dgebuadze, Yu. Yu., Sushchik N. N., Bashinskiy I. V., Makhutova O. N., Kalacheva G. S., Osipov V. V., Gladyshev M. I.
Заглавие : Analysis of fatty acid composition revealed differences in the diets of tadpoles of two amphibian species
Колич.характеристики :4 с
Коллективы : basic research program of the Russian Federation [51.1.1]; Grant Council of the President of the Russian Federation for State Support of Leading Scientific Schools [NSh-9249.2016.5]; Russian Foundation for Basic Research [16-04-01248, 16-34-00119 mol_a]
Место публикации : Dokl. Biochem. Biophys.: MAIK NAUKA/INTERPERIODICA/SPRINGER, 2017. - Vol. 472, Is. 1. - С. 31-34. - ISSN 1607-6729, DOI 10.1134/S1607672917010082. - ISSN 1608-3091(eISSN)
Примечания : Cited References:15. - This study was supported by the State task within the framework of the basic research program of the Russian Federation (subject no. 51.1.1), the Grant Council of the President of the Russian Federation for State Support of Leading Scientific Schools (project no. NSh-9249.2016.5), and partly by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (project nos. 16-04-01248 and 16-34-00119 mol_a).
Предметные рубрики: ECOLOGY
Аннотация: The study of the composition of fatty acid markers of tadpoles of cohabiting amphibian species for the first time revealed differences in their diets: the moor frog Rana arvalis prefers bacteria not associated with plant detritus, whereas the diet of the common spadefoot Pelobates fuscus is based on cyanobacteria, green algae, diatoms, and possibly higher plants. Major differences in the fatty acid composition are determined by the difference in the percentage of eicosapentaenoic and myristic acids.
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16.

Вид документа : Статья из сборника (выпуск продолж. издания)
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Yu Saltykov M., Bartsev S. I.
Заглавие : Developing of discrimination experiment to find most adequate model of plant's multi-nutrient functional response
Место публикации : IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering: Institute of Physics Publishing, 2017. - Vol. 173: 5th International Workshop on Mathematical Models and their Applications 2016, IWMMA 2016 (7 November 2016 through 9 November 2016, ) Conference code: 126825, Is. 1. - , DOI 10.1088/1757-899X/173/1/012017
Ключевые слова (''Своб.индексиров.''): ecology--metabolism--physiology--adequate models--complex model--discrimination experiments--ecological models--functional response--trophic level--typical patterns--nutrients
Аннотация: To create reliable Closed Ecological Life Support Systems (CELSS) it is necessary to have models which can predict CELSS dynamic with good accuracy. However it was shown that conventional ecological models cannot describe CELSS correctly if it is closed by more than one element. This problem can be solved by means more complex models than conventional ones - so called flexible metabolism models. However it is possible that CELSS also can be described correctly in "semi-conventional" framework - when only one trophic level is described by flexible metabolism model. Another problem in CELSS modeling is existence of different and incompatible hypotheses about relationships between plants growth rate and amounts of nutrients (functional responses). Difficulty of testing these hypotheses is associated with multi-nutrient dependency of growth rate and comprehensive experimental studies are expensive and time-consuming. This work is devoted to testing the hypothesis that "semi-conventional" approach is enough to describe CELSS, and to planning the discrimination experiment on selecting correct type of the plant's functional response. To do that three different models of plants (one flexible and two conventional) were investigated both in the scope of CELSS model, and in hemostat model. Numerical simulations show that each of the models has typical patterns which can be determined in experiment with real plants. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd.
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17.

Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Sid'ko A. F., Botvich I. Y., Pisman T. I., Shevyrnogov A. P.
Заглавие : Estimation of chlorophyll content and yield of wheat crops from reflectance spectra obtained by ground-based remote measurements
Место публикации : Field Crops Res.: Elsevier B.V., 2017. - Vol. 207. - С. 24-29. - ISSN 03784290 (ISSN) , DOI 10.1016/j.fcr.2016.10.023
Ключевые слова (''Своб.индексиров.''): chlorophyll potential--optical remote method--wheat--triticum aestivum
Аннотация: This study aimed to analyze the relationship between chlorophyll potential, chlorophyll content, and grain yield of different wheat cultivars by using ground remote sensing and laboratory data. Chlorophyll potential is the difference between the reflectance factor integrals with and without chlorophyll absorption (in the 550–730 nm wavelength range). Ground-truth data were obtained at the experimental fields located in the Krasnoyarsk region, Russia (2002–2012). Experiments were conducted in different seasons under various lighting conditions by controlling plants states and soil types. Spectral measurements were obtained using a double-beam spectroradiometer, which was installed on a mobile work platform at a height of 5–18 m. The photometric area varied from 0.5 to 2 m2. The study showed good correlation (R2 = 0.9) between chlorophyll potential and chlorophyll content for different wheat cultivars. However, the correlation between chlorophyll potential and grain yield was less (R2 = 0.8). The values of chlorophyll potentials depended on the type of wheat during the growing season. The novelty of the approach is that it calculates the chlorophyll potential with additional spectral regions when compared with normalized difference vegetation index. We used a spectroradiometer with high spectral resolution. This increased the accuracy and stability of measurements in rapidly changing conditions. © 2016
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18.

Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Sukhovol’skii V. G., Ivanova Y. D., Ovchinnikova T. M., Botvich I. Y.
Заглавие : Simulation of phenodynamics of deciduous tree species
Место публикации : Russ. J. For. Sci.: Izdatel'stvo Nauka, 2017. - Is. 4. - С. 293-302. - ISSN 00241148 (ISSN) , DOI 10.7868/S0024114817040052
Ключевые слова (''Своб.индексиров.''): boreal forests--climate--phenological models--satellite data
Аннотация: Here we show the new approach to analysis of seasonal phenological dynamics of wooded plants. Our model was premised on representation of phenological processes of trees in boreal domain by a process of energy production during the vegetation season and partial release of accumulated energy for survival during resting. We introduced the energy balance equation combining weather and phenological indicators and linking them throughout a year. The model was parameterized using data of phenological studies of birch, aspen, and Siberian larch in Stolby Nature Sanctuary (55°38? - 55°58? N, 92°38? - 93°05? E) during 1951-2012 which allow high accuracy simulation of phenological stages. Coefficients of the equation may be considered as indicators of sensitivity of wooded plants to climate. We show that remotely sensed data on phenological dates may be used in calculations using the model of energy balance. Daily MODIS/Terra images of NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) of the studied deciduous forests were used. © 2017, Izdatel'stvo Nauka. All rights reserved.
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19.

Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Volova, Tatiana G., Prudnikova, Svetlana V., Zhila, Natalia O.
Заглавие : Fungicidal activity of slow-release P(3HB)/TEB formulations in wheat plant communities infected by Fusarium moniliforme
Колич.характеристики :10 с
Коллективы : Russian Academy of Sciences [AAA-A17-117013050028-8]
Место публикации : Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res.: SPRINGER HEIDELBERG, 2018. - Vol. 25, Is. 1. - С. 552-561. - ISSN 0944-1344, DOI 10.1007/s11356-017-0466-4. - ISSN 1614-7499(eISSN)
Примечания : Cited References:28. - The research was supported by the state budget allocated to the fundamental research at the Russian Academy of Sciences (project no AAA-A17-117013050028-8).
Предметные рубрики: BIODEGRADABLE POLY-3-HYDROXYBUTYRATE
TEBUCONAZOLE
Ключевые слова (''Своб.индексиров.''): tebuconazole--poly-3-hydroxybutyrate--fungicidal effect--fusariummoniliforme--wheat plant communities--root rot
Аннотация: Fungicidal activity of experimental tebuconazole (TEB) formulations was investigated in laboratory soil ecosystems in wheat plant communities infected by Fusarium moniliforme. TEB was embedded in the matrix of poly-3-hydroxybutyrate, shaped as films and microgranules. These formulations were buried in the soil with wheat plants, and their efficacy was compared with that of commercial formulation Raxil and with the effect of pre-sowing treatment of seeds. In the experiment with the initially infected seeds and a relatively low level of natural soil infection caused by Fusarium fungi, the effects of the experimental P(3HB)/TEB formulations and Raxil were comparable. However, when the level of soil infection was increased by adding F. moniliforme spores, P(3HB)/TEB granules and films reduced the total counts of fungi and the abundance of F. moniliforme more effectively than Raxil. Seed treatment or soil treatment with Raxil solution showed an increase in the percentage of rot-damaged roots in the later stages of the experiment. In the early stage (between days 10 and 20), the percentage of rot-damaged roots in the soil with TEB embedded in the slowly degraded P(3HB) matrix was similar to that in the soil with Raxil. However, the efficacy of P(3HB)/TEB formulations lasted longer, and in later stages (between days 20 and 30), the percentage of rot-damaged roots in that group did not grow. In experiments with different TEB formulations and, hence, different fungicidal activities, the increase in plant biomass was 15-17 to 40-60% higher than in the groups where TEB was applied by using conventional techniques.
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20.

Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Velichko V. V., Tikhomirov A. A., Ushakova S. A.
Заглавие : Estimating CO2 gas exchange in mixed age vegetable plant communities grown on soil-like substrates for life support systems
Место публикации : Life Sci. Space Res.: Elsevier Ltd, 2018. - Vol. 16. - С. 47-51. - ISSN 22145524 (ISSN) , DOI 10.1016/j.lssr.2017.11.001
Ключевые слова (''Своб.индексиров.''): bioconversion of plant waste--co2 gas exchange--conveyor mode--plant cultivation--soil-like substrate--carbon dioxide--article--atmosphere--beet--carrot--concentration (parameters)--cyperus esculentus--gas exchange--genetic variation--microclimate--nonhuman--plant age--plant community--plant growth--planting density--priority journal--reproducibility--soil and soil related phenomena--soil like substrate--vegetable
Аннотация: If soil-like substrate (SLS) is to be used in human life support systems with a high degree of mass closure, the rate of its gas exchange as a compartment for mineralization of plant biomass should be understood. The purpose of this study was to compare variations in CO2 gas exchange of vegetable plant communities grown on the soil-like substrate using a number of plant age groups, which determined the so-called conveyor interval. Two experimental plant communities were grown as plant conveyors with different conveyor intervals. The first plant community consisted of conveyors with intervals of 7 days for carrot and beet and 14 days for chufa sedge. The conveyor intervals in the second plant community were 14 days for carrot and beet and 28 days for chufa sedge. This study showed that increasing the number of age groups in the conveyor and, thus, increasing the frequency of adding plant waste to the SLS, decreased the range of variations in CO2 concentration in the “plant–soil-like substrate” system. However, the resultant CO2 gas exchange was shifted towards CO2 release to the atmosphere of the plant community with short conveyor intervals. The duration of the conveyor interval did not significantly affect productivity and mineral composition of plants grown on the SLS. © 2017
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