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Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Pisman T.I., Pechurkin N.S., Mariasova T.S., Somova L.A., Sarangova A.B.
Заглавие : A mathematical model of "plants-microorganisms" interaction on complete mineral medium and under nitrogen limitation
Место публикации : Advances in Space Research. - 1999. - Vol. 24, Is. 3. - С. 383-387. - ISSN 02731177 (ISSN)
Ключевые слова (''Своб.индексиров.''): nitrogen--ecological modeling--interspecific interaction--nutrient limitation--plant--rhizosphere--article--biological model--biomass--comparative study--culture medium--drug effect--growth, development and aging--mathematics--microbiology--plant root--pseudomonas fluorescens--sweating--wheat--biomass--culture media--mathematics--models, biological--nitrogen--plant roots--plant transpiration--pseudomonas fluorescens--triticum
Аннотация: A mathematical model concerning the interaction of plants and rhizospheric microorganisms on complete mineral medium and under nitrogen limitation has been constructed. The model takes into account the closeness of plants and microorganisms in terms of the matter released by the plant and consumed by the microorganisms. The effect of rhizospheric microorganisms on plant growth with normal carbon dioxide and complete mineral medium has been demonstrated. Plants interacting with microorganisms have a greater biomass than plants growing without microorganisms. Wheat growth stimulation by metabolites of rhizospheric microorganisms under laboratory conditions on artificial soil has been experimentally demonstrated (Pechurkin, 1997). Under nitrogen limitation , the biomass of plants, with or without microorganisms, is identical, and is substantially reduced as compared with the medium with standard nitrogen. В© 1999 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd.
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Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Sid'ko A.F., Botvich I., Pisman T.I., Shevyrnogov A.P.
Заглавие : A study of spectral-polarization characteristics of plant canopies using land-based remote sensing
Место публикации : Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy and Radiative Transfer. - 2013. - Vol. 129. - С. 109-117. - ISSN 00224073 (ISSN) , DOI 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2013.06.001
Ключевые слова (''Своб.индексиров.''): farm crops--forest stands--spectral brightness coefficients--spectral-polarization characteristics--forest stand--near-infrared spectral regions--plant reflectance--polarized components--reflectance spectrum--reflection properties--spectral brightness--spectral-polarization characteristics--forestry--luminance--physiological models--polarization--reflection--crops--brightness temperature--canopy reflectance--crop plant--nadir--polarization--remote sensing--spectral analysis--farm crops--forestry--forests--polarization--reflection--triticum aestivum--zea mays
Аннотация: The study addresses reflection and spectral-polarization characteristics of forest stands and farm crops obtained under field conditions. The study of the reflection properties of farm crops shows that during the summer plant growing season, the major factors influencing the plant canopy reflectance are morpho-physiological parameters, plant architectonics, solar elevation h0, and viewing angle. The crop reflectance minimum was recorded at viewing angles 25-30В° with respect to the nadir. Coniferous and broadleaf forest stands had similar reflectance spectra of polarized light. The polarized component was smaller for all coniferous stands than for broadleaf ones. For broad-leaved farm crops (wheat and corn), the polarized component of the spectral brightness coefficients had a greater influence on the plant reflectance in the red and near-infrared spectral regions, ?>720nm. В© 2013 Elsevier Ltd.
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Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Sid'ko A.F., Botvich I.Y., Pisman T.I., Shevyrnogov A.P.
Заглавие : Analysis of polarization characteristics of plant canopies using ground-based remote sensing measurements
Колич.характеристики :6 с
Место публикации : J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf.: PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD, 2014. - Vol. 144. - С. 117-122. - ISSN 0022-4073, DOI 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2014.03.031. - ISSN 1879-1352
Примечания : Cited References: 26
Предметные рубрики: LINEAR-POLARIZATION
AGRICULTURAL CROPS
WHEAT CANOPIES
LIGHT
REFLECTANCE
VEGETATION
Ключевые слова (''Своб.индексиров.''): spectral brightness coefficients--degree of polarization--polarized component of spectral brightness coefficients--farm crop--coniferous and broadleaf forests
Аннотация: The paper presents results and analysis of a study on polarized characteristics of the reflectance factor of different plant canopies under field conditions, using optical remote sensing techniques. Polarization characteristics were recorded from the elevated work platform at heights of 10-18 m in June and July. Measurements were performed using a double-beam spectrophotometer with a polarized light filter attachment, within the spectral range from 400 to 820 nm. The viewing zenith angle was below 20 degree. Birch (Betila pubescens), pine (Pinus sylvestris L.), wheat (Triticum acstivum) [L.] crops, corn (Zea mays L ssp. mays) crops, and various grass canopies were used in this study. The following polarization characteristics were studied: the reflectance factor of the canopy with the polarizer adjusted to transmit the maximum and minimum amounts of light (R-max and R-min), polarized component of the reflectance factor (R-q), and the degree of polarization (P). Wheat, corn, and grass canopies have higher R-max and R-min values than forest plants. The R-q and P values are higher for the birch than for the pine within the wavelength range between 430 and 740 nm. The study shows that polarization characteristics of plant canopies may be used as an effective means of decoding remote sensing data. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Zolotukhin I.G., Tikhomirov A.A., Kudenko Yu.A., Gribovskaya I.V.
Заглавие : Biological and physicochemical methods for utilization of plant wastes and human exometabolites for increasing internal cycling and closure of life support systems
Место публикации : Advances in Space Research. - 2005. - Vol. 35, Is. 9 SPEC. ISS. - С. 1559-1562. - ISSN 02731177 (ISSN) , DOI 10.1016/j.asr.2005.01.006
Ключевые слова (''Своб.индексиров.''): blss--desalting--higher plants--nacl utilization--sls--biomass--crops--decomposition--electrodialysis--harvesting--metabolites--soils--wastes--blss--higher plants--nacl utilization--sls--plants (botany)--biomass--decay--deionization--harvesting--plants--soil--wastes--wheat--sodium chloride--article--biomass--bioremediation--culture medium--feces--growth, development and aging--human--metabolism--methodology--microbiology--microclimate--urine--waste management--wheat--biodegradation, environmental--biomass--culture media--ecological systems, closed--feces--humans--life support systems--sodium chloride--soil microbiology--triticum--urine--waste management
Аннотация: Wheat was cultivated on soil-like substrate (SLS) produced by the action of worms and microflora from the inedible biomass of wheat. After the growth of the wheat crop, the inedible biomass was restored in SLS and exposed to decomposition ("biological" combustion) and its mineral compounds were assimilated by plants. Grain was returned to the SLS in the amount equivalent to human solid waste produced by consumption of the grain. Human wastes (urine and feces) after physicochemical processing turned into mineralized form (mineralized urine and mineralized feces) and entered the plants' nutrient solution amounts equal to average daily production. Periodically (once every 60-70 days) the nutrient solution was partly (up to 50%) desalinated by electrodialysis. Due to this NaCl concentration in the nutrient solution was sustained at a fixed level of about 0.26%. The salt concentrate obtained could be used in the human nutrition through NaCl extraction and the residuary elements were returned through the mineralized human liquid wastes into matter turnover. The control wheat cultivation was carried out on peat with use of the Knop nutrient solution. Serial cultivation of several wheat vegetations within 280 days was conducted during the experiment. Grain output varied and yield/harvest depended, in large part, upon the amount of inedible biomass returned to SLS and the speed of its decomposition. After achieving a stationary regime, (when the quantity of wheat inedible biomass utilized during vegetation in SLS is equal to the quantity of biomass introduced into SLS before vegetation) grain harvest in comparison with the control was at most 30% less, and in some cases was comparable to the control harvest values. The investigations carried out on the wheat example demonstrated in principle the possibility of long-term functioning of the LSS photosynthesizing link based on optimizations of biological and physicochemical methods of utilization of the human and plants wastes. The possibilities for the use of these technologies for the creation integrated biological-physicochemical LSS with high closure degree of internal matter turnover are discussed in this paper. В© 2005 Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of COSPAR.
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Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Gitelson J.I., V B., Grigoriev A.I., Lisovsky G.M., Manukovsky N.S., Sinyak Y.u.E., Ushakova S.A.
Заглавие : Biological-physical-chemical aspects of a human life support system for a lunar base
Место публикации : Acta Astronautica. - 1995. - Vol. 37, Is. C. - С. 385-394. - ISSN 00945765 (ISSN)
Ключевые слова (''Своб.индексиров.''): animal--aquaculture--article--biomass--construction work and architectural phenomena--cyprinodontiformes--filtration--growth, development and aging--human--microbiology--microclimate--moon--nutritional value--photoperiodicity--plant--space flight--standard--tilapia--waste management--water management--wheat--animals--aquaculture--biomass--cyprinodontiformes--ecological systems, closed--facility design and construction--filtration--humans--life support systems--moon--nutritive value--photoperiod--plants, edible--space flight--tilapia--triticum--waste management--water microbiology--water purification
Аннотация: To create a life support system based on biological and physical-chemical processes is the optimum solution providing full-valued condidtions for existence and efficient work of people at a lunar base. Long-standing experinece in experimental research or closed ecosystems and their components allows us to suggest a realistic functional structure of the lunar base and to estimate qualitatively its parameters. The original restrictions are as follows: 1) the basic source of energy to support the biological processes has to be the solar radiation; 2) the initial amount of basic biological elelments forming the turnover of substances (C, O, H, P, K, N) has to be delivered from Earth; 3). Moon materials are not to be used in the biological turnover inside the base; 4) the base is to supply the crew fully with atmosphere and water, and with 90% (A scenario) or 40% (B scenario) of food. Experimental data about the plant productivity under the "Moon" rhythm of light and darkness allow us to suggest that the A scenario requires per one human: plant area - 40 m2 irradiated during the lunar day by 250-300 W/m2 PAR producing 1250 g of dry biomass a terrestrial day; a heterotrophic component of "biological incineration" of inedible plant biomass (800 g/day) including the aquaculture of fish to produce animal products and contaminating the environment less than birds and mammals, and the culture of edible mushrooms; a component of physical-chemical correction for the LSS envi ronment including the subsystems of: deep oxidation of organic impurities in the atmosphere and of water, organic wastes of human activity and that biological components (420 g/day) Co2 concentration in "Moon" nights, damping O2 in "Moon" days, etc. The stock of presotred or delivered from Earth substances (food additions, seeds, etc.) to be involved in biological turnover is to be about 50 kg/year per man. Increase of the mass of prestored substances per man up to 220 kg/year would reduce twice the plant area and consumed amount of radiant energy to exclude the components of "biological incineration" and physical-chemical destruction of organic wastes. В© 1995.
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Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Zavorueva E.N., Ushakova S.A.
Заглавие : Characteristics of slow induction curve of chlorophyll fluorescence and CO2 exchange for the assessment of plant heat tolerance at various levels of light intensity
Колич.характеристики :8 с
Место публикации : Russ. J. Plant Physiol.: MAIK NAUKA/INTERPERIODICA/SPRINGER, 2004. - Vol. 51, Is. 3. - P294-301. - ISSN 1021-4437, DOI 10.1023/B:RUPP.0000028674.39572.1c
Примечания : Cited References: 18
Ключевые слова (''Своб.индексиров.''): triticum aestivum--raphanus sativus var. minor--fluorescence--heat tolerance--pigments--co2 exchange
Аннотация: The heat tolerance of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and radish (Raphanus sativus L. var. minor) cenoses exposed to elevated and damaging air temperatures (35 degreesC for 20 h, 45 degreesC for 7 h) under photoculture conditions at various levels of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) was assessed by measuring characteristics of the slow induction curve of chlorophyll fluorescence at 682 and 734 nm and the CO2 exchange rate. Irrespective of the illumination level, the exposure of the cenoses to 35 degreesC did not induce irreversible changes in the plant photosynthetic apparatus. The lowest extent of damage to wheat and radish cenoses exposed to 45 degreesC was observed at 150 W/m(2) of PAR, whereas the highest damage of the plants was observed at an illumination level that was close to the compensation point of the cenose photosynthesis (50-70 W/m(2) of PAR at air temperature of 24 degreesC). Viability index proved to be the most sensitive. characteristic, compared to other characteristics, which were determined by measuring the slow phase of fluorescence induction at 682 and 734 nm. In the cenoses studied, the pattern of changes in the viability index in response to a stress factor was close to the changes in the photosynthetic rate.
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Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Nesterenko, T. V., Shikhov, V. N., Tikhomirov, A. A.
Заглавие : Chlorophyll fluorescence as an indicator of age-dependent changes in photosynthetic apparatus of wheat leaves
Колич.характеристики :7 с
Коллективы : section VI of the Program for Basic Research of the State Academies of Sciences [56.1.4]
Место публикации : Russ. J. Plant Physiol.: MAIK NAUKA/INTERPERIODICA/SPRINGER, 2015. - Vol. 62, Is. 3. - С. 307-313. - ISSN 1021-4437, DOI 10.1134/S1021443715020144. - ISSN 1608-3407(eISSN)
Примечания : Cited References:30. - This work was supported by the State Assignment, topic no. 56.1.4, section VI of the Program for Basic Research of the State Academies of Sciences for 2013-2020.
Предметные рубрики: LEAF SENESCENCE
ONTOGENIC APPROACH
LIGHT DEPENDENCE
PARAMETERS
Ключевые слова (''Своб.индексиров.''): triticum sativus--chlorophyll fluorescence parameters--actinic light--intensity--leaf ontogeny
Аннотация: Wheat (Triticum sativus L.) seedlings of various ages (2- to 16-day-old plants) were used to study age-dependent changes in the chlorophyll fluorescence induction (CFI) at various light intensities during flu- orescence measurements. Plants were raised in a growth chamber using hydroponics with expanded clay, controlled environmental conditions, and 690 A mu mol/(m(2) s) photon flux density (PFD) of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR). Parameters of CFI were determined under actinic PFD of 380, 580, 820, and 1340 A mu mol/(m(2) s) PAR. The fifth leaf from the stem base, exposed to uniform lighting, was sampled for measurements. This leaf emerged at the plant age of 16 days. Based on fluorescence data, we calculated the maximal photochemical quantum yield of photosystem II (F (v)/F (m)), the effective photochemical quantum yield of PSII (Yield), parameters of photochemical (qP) and non-photochemical (qN and NPQ) quenching of chlorophyll fluorescence, the F (p)/F (t) ratio, and the "vitality index" (fluorescence decrease ratio, R (fd)). At moderate actinic PFD, applied commonly in PAM fluorometers (about 380 A mu mol/(m(2) s)), age-dependent changes in NPQ, F (p)/F (t), and R (fd) were observed. Analysis of CFI parameters in wheat leaves of different ages at PFD increasing from 380 to 820 A mu mol/(m(2) s) revealed that R (fd), NPQ, and qN are the most sensitive markers of the leaf age among all parameters tested. These suitable indicators can be used for rapid assessment of the leaf age.
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Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Boyandin A. N., Kazantseva E. A., Varygina D. E., Volova T. G.
Заглавие : Constructing Slow-Release Formulations of Ammonium Nitrate Fertilizer Based on Degradable Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate)
Место публикации : J. Agric. Food Chem.: American Chemical Society, 2017. - Vol. 65, Is. 32. - С. 6745-6752. - ISSN 00218561 (ISSN) , DOI 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b01217
Ключевые слова (''Своб.индексиров.''): ammonium nitrate--degradable poly-3-hydroxybutyrate--embedding--fillers--nitrogen fertilizers--tablets--chemical contamination--ecology--ecosystems--fertilizers--fillers--nitrates--plastic coatings--ammonium nitrate--ammonium nitrate fertilizers--embedding--in-laboratory experiments--poly-3-hydroxybutyrate--slow release fertilizers--tablets--wheat (triticum aestivum l.)--nitrogen fertilizers
Аннотация: The present study describes construction and investigation of experimental formulations of ammonium nitrate embedded in a matrix of degradable natural polymer poly-3-hydroxybutyrate [P(3HB)] and P(3HB) blended with wood flour shaped as tablets, some of them coated with P(3HB). Kinetics of ammonium release into soil as dependent on the composition of the polymer matrix was investigated in laboratory experiments. The rates of fertilizer release from formulations coated with a biopolymer layer were considerably (two months or longer) slower than the rates of fertilizer release from uncoated formulations, while release from polymer and composite (polymer/wood flour) formulations occurred with comparable rates. The use of the experimental formulations in laboratory ecosystems with wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) was more effective than application of free ammonium nitrate. The advantage of the slow-release fertilizer formulations is that they are buried in soil together with the seeds, and the fertilizer remains effective over the first three months of plant growth. The use of such slow-release formulations will reduce the amounts of chemicals released into the environment, which will curb their accumulation in food chains of ecosystems and mitigate their adverse effects on the biosphere. © 2017 American Chemical Society.
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Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Lisovsky G.M., Gitelson J.I., Shilenko M.P., Gribovskaya I.V., Trubachev I.N.
Заглавие : Direct utilization of human liquid wastes by plants in a closed ecosystem
Место публикации : Advances in Space Research. - 1997. - Vol. 20, Is. 10. - С. 1801-1804. - ISSN 02731177 (ISSN)
Ключевые слова (''Своб.индексиров.''): fertilizer--nitrogen--sodium chloride--urea--article--biomass--culture medium--feasibility study--human--metabolism--methodology--microclimate--sewage--urine--waste management--wheat--biomass--culture media--ecological systems, closed--feasibility studies--fertilizers--humans--nitrogen--sodium chloride--triticum--urea--urine--waste disposal, fluid--waste management
Аннотация: Model experiments in phytotrons have shown that urea is able to cover 70% of the demand in nitrogen of the conveyer cultivated wheat. At the same time wheat plants can directly utilize human liquid wastes. In this article by human liquid wastes the authors mean human urine only. In a long-term experiment on "man-higher plants" system with two crewmen, plants covered 63 m2, with wheat planted to - 39.6 m2. For 103 days, complete human urine (total amount - 210.7 1) wassupplied into the nutrient solution for wheat. In a month and a half NaCl supply into the nutrient solution stabilized at 0.9-1.65 g/l. This salination had no marked effect on wheat production. The experiment revealed the realistic feasibility to directly involve liquid wastes into the biological turnover of the life support system. The closure of the system, in terms of water, increased by 15.7% and the supply of nutrients for wheat plants into the system was decreased. Closedness of biological turnover of matter in a man-made "man - higher plants" ecological system might involve, among other processes, direct utilization of human liquid wastes by plants. The amount of urine comprises 15-20% of the total amount of water cycling within the system including water as part of food, household, hygiene and potable water necessary for man. What is more, it they contains most nitrogen-bearing compounds emitted by man, almost all of the NaCl and some other substances involved in the biological turnover. Human liquid wastes can be utilized either by preliminary physical-chemical treatment (evaporating or freezing out the water, finally oxidizing the organic matter, isolating the mineral components required for plants, etc.) and further involvement of the obtained products or by direct application into the nutrient solution for plants. The challenge of direct utilization is that plants have no need of Na+ and Cl-, and also the organic forms of nitrogen emitted by man cannot fully meet the demand of plants forthis element. Besides, hygienic and/or psychological reasons make it desirable to avoid direct use of liquid wastes in the nutrient solutions that would have direct contact with edible part of plants (tubers, roots, bulbs). Feasibility of direct utilization of liquid wastes by plants in a closed "man - higher plants" ecosystem has been experimentally studied on wheat - grain culture as a model plant with the edible part in the form of seeds spatially dissociated with the nutrient medium. The wheat covered 60-65% of the area under higher plants. The studies have been carried out in "Bios-3"experimental facility described in detail elsewhere (Lisovsky, 1979; Gitelson et al., 1989). В© 1997 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd.
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10.

Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Somova L.A, Pechurkin N.S., Sarangova A.B., Pisman T.I.
Заглавие : Effect of bacterial population density on germination wheat seeds and dynamics of simple artificial ecosystems
Место публикации : Advances in Space Research. - 2001. - Vol. 27, Is. 9. - С. 1611-1615. - ISSN 02731177 (ISSN) , DOI 10.1016/S0273-1177(01)00257-5
Ключевые слова (''Своб.индексиров.''): bacteria--biomass--ecosystems--plants (botany)--seed--artificial soil--germination--photoassimilation--space research--artificial ecosystem--article--comparative study--ecosystem--germination--growth, development and aging--isolation and purification--microbiology--physiology--plant root--plant seed--pseudomonas fluorescens--pseudomonas putida--wheat--ecosystem--germination--plant roots--pseudomonas fluorescens--pseudomonas putida--seeds--triticum
Аннотация: Effect of the size of rhizospheric bacterial populations on germination of seeds and development of simple terrestrial "wheat plants - rhizospheric microorganisms - artificial soil" and "wheat plants - artificial soil" systems has been studied. Experiments demonstrated that within specify ranges in the inoculate, the rhizospheric bacteria are capable of increasing the yield of germinated seeds and stimulate the growth of plantlets. Germination of seeds inoculated with bacteria was either stimulated, or inhibited or remained at control levels depending on the amount of bacteria. Plant biomass growth and total photoassimilation has been found to depend on the amount of bacteria on the plant roots: the higher the amount of bacteria on plant roots, the smaller is the biomass of plants but the total photoassimilation is, higher. Thus, depending on the amount of bacteria on the roots of plants the system either increases the biomass of plants or increases the total photoassimilation, i.e. "pumps" carbon through itself involving bacteria. В© 2001 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
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11.

Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Karnachuk R.A., Vaishlya O.B., Dorofeev V.Yu., Ushakova S.A., Tikhomirov A.A., Lasseur Ch., Gros J.-B.
Заглавие : Effect of Growing Conditions on Wheat Hormonal Status and Productivity in Experimental Ecological System
Место публикации : Russian Journal of Plant Physiology. - 2003. - Vol. 50, Is. 2. - С. 237-242. - ISSN 10214437 (ISSN) , DOI 10.1023/A:1022933516663
Ключевые слова (''Своб.индексиров.''): co2--illuminance--phytohormones--productivity--triticum aestivum--triticum--triticum aestivum
Аннотация: The levels of free and bound forms of IAA, ABA, cytokinins (CK), and gibberellins, as well as growth characteristics and productivity were investigated in two wheat lines. The plants were grown under controlled conditions in an artificial ecosystem that allowed the irradiance, CO 2 concentration, and rhizosphere temperature to be changed. The main difference in the hormonal status of leaves of tall spring wheat, line 232, and dwarf wheat, line 95-3, was the absence of GA9 gibberellins in the latter. It was found that the light intensity and temperature of rhizosphere insignificantly affected the balance of endogenous phytohormones and HI in wheat. The elevation of CO2 concentration resulted in a considerable increase in the content of free IAA, an appearance of free GA9, and a rise in the productivity of wheat, line 232. The concentration of CO 2 was shown to be a major parameter that determined HI in the experimental ecological system.
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12.

Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Karnachuk R.A., Vaishlya O.B., Dorofeev V.Y., Ushakova S.A., Tikhomirov A.A., Lasseur C..., Gros J.B.
Заглавие : Effect of growing conditions on wheat hormonal status and productivity in experimental ecological system
Колич.характеристики :6 с
Место публикации : Russ. J. Plant Physiol.: MAIK NAUKA/INTERPERIODICA, 2003. - Vol. 50, Is. 2. - P237-242. - ISSN 1021-4437, DOI 10.1023/A:1022933516663
Примечания : Cited References: 24
Предметные рубрики: GRAINS
Ключевые слова (''Своб.индексиров.''): triticum aestivum--phytohormones--co2--illuminance--productivity
Аннотация: The levels of free and bound forms of IAA, ABA, cytokinins (CK), and gibberellins, as well as growth characteristics and productivity were investigated in two wheat lines. The plants were grown under controlled conditions in an artificial ecosystem that allowed the irradiance, CO2 concentration, and rhizosphere temperature to be changed. The main difference in the hormonal status of leaves of tall spring wheat, line 232, and dwarf wheat, line 95-3, was the absence of GA(9) gibberellins in the latter. It was found that the light intensity and temperature of rhizosphere insignificantly affected the balance of endogenous phytohormones and HI in wheat. The elevation of CO2 concentration resulted in a considerable increase in the content of free IAA, an appearance of free GA(9), and a rise in the productivity of wheat, line 232. The concentration of CO2 was shown to be a major parameter that determined HI in the experimental ecological system.
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13.

Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Shikhov V. N., Nesterenko T. V., Tikhomirov A. A.
Заглавие : Effect of light intensity on chlorophyll fluorescence in wheat leaves: Application of PAM-fluorometry
Место публикации : Russ. J. Plant Physiol. - 2016. - Vol. 63, Is. 3. - С. 417-422. - ISSN 10214437 (ISSN) , DOI 10.1134/S1021443716030134
Ключевые слова (''Своб.индексиров.''): actinic light intensity--induction of chlorophyll fluorescence--leaf ontogeny--triticum aestivum
Аннотация: Application of pulse-amplitude-modulation (PAM) fluorometers for measuring slow stages of chlorophyll fluorescence induction (CFI) is considered. With an example of Triticum aestuvum L. plants grown under continuous illumination at a photon flux density of 600 μmol/(m2 s) photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), the CFI curves were analyzed with leaves of various ages as a function of actinic light intensity. The fluorometer PAM-2100 was applied for measurements of CFI curves. The characteristic peaks of CFI curves in wheat leaves were most conspicuous and had the largest amplitudes at 600–800 μmol/(m2 s) PAR, which corresponds to the middle range of actinic light intensities employed in PAM-2100 fluorometers. In plants exposed to favorable and stressful conditions, the developmental stages may proceed at different rates; thus, the comparison of fluorescence parameters for leaves of equal calendar age but having different physiological states may provide ambiguous data. Therefore, the feasibility of recording CFI curves of different types is quite important for rapid diagnostics of the age and state of plant leaves, as well as for adequate physiological conclusions. © 2016, Pleiades Publishing, Ltd.
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14.

Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Volova, Tatiana, Shumilova, Anna, Zhila, Natalia, Sukovatyi, Aleksey, Shishatskaya, Ekaterina, Thomas, Sabu
Заглавие : Efficacy of Slow-Release Formulations of Metribuzin and Tribenuron Methyl Herbicides for Controlling Weeds of Various Species in Wheat and Barley Stands
Колич.характеристики :13 с
Коллективы : Project "Agro-preparations of the New Generation: A Strategy of Construction and Realization" [074-02-2018-328]; Government of the Russian Federation [220]
Место публикации : ACS Omega: AMER CHEMICAL SOC, 2020. - Vol. 5, Is. 39. - С. 25135-25147. - ISSN 2470-1343, DOI 10.1021/acsomega.0c02492
Примечания : Cited References:34. - This study was financially supported by Project "Agro-preparations of the New Generation: A Strategy of Construction and Realization" (agreement no. 074-02-2018-328) in accordance with Resolution No. 220 of the Government of the Russian Federation of April 9, 2010 "on measures designed to attract leading scientists to the Russian institutions of higher learning"
Предметные рубрики: SYNTHASE-INHIBITING HERBICIDES
Аннотация: The herbicidal activity of long-acting formulations of metribuzin and tribenuron methyl herbicides embedded in granules prepared from a mixture of degradable poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) and birch wood flour was studied in laboratory-grown weeds of various species and in wheat Triticum aestivum and barley Hordeum vulgare stands infested by weeds. The constructed formulations effectively suppressed all species of weeds studied. The biological effectiveness of herbicide formulations toward intact plants in wheat and barley stands infested with weeds was close to 100%, which was significantly higher than the effect of their free forms. The more effective suppression of weeds by embedded herbicides was beneficial for the growth of crops whose aboveground biomass was 8-13 to 20% greater than that of the crops in the treatments with free herbicides. Embedded metribuzin and tribenuron methyl exhibit sustained and pronounced herbicidal activity and are effective for pre-emergence soil application for crops infested with weeds of various species.
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15.

Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Volova T., Shumilova A., Zhila N., Sukovatyi A., Shishatskaya E., Thomas S.
Заглавие : Efficacy of Slow-Release Formulations of Metribuzin and Tribenuron Methyl Herbicides for Controlling Weeds of Various Species in Wheat and Barley Stands
Место публикации : ACS Omega: American Chemical Society, 2020. - Article in press. - ISSN 24701343 (ISSN), DOI 10.1021/acsomega.0c02492
Аннотация: The herbicidal activity of long-acting formulations of metribuzin and tribenuron methyl herbicides embedded in granules prepared from a mixture of degradable poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) and birch wood flour was studied in laboratory-grown weeds of various species and in wheat Triticum aestivum and barley Hordeum vulgare stands infested by weeds. The constructed formulations effectively suppressed all species of weeds studied. The biological effectiveness of herbicide formulations toward intact plants in wheat and barley stands infested with weeds was close to 100%, which was significantly higher than the effect of their free forms. The more effective suppression of weeds by embedded herbicides was beneficial for the growth of crops whose aboveground biomass was 8-13 to 20% greater than that of the crops in the treatments with free herbicides. Embedded metribuzin and tribenuron methyl exhibit sustained and pronounced herbicidal activity and are effective for pre-emergence soil application for crops infested with weeds of various species. © Copyright © 2020 American Chemical Society.
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16.

Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Sid'ko A. F., Botvich I. Y., Pisman T. I., Shevyrnogov A. P.
Заглавие : Estimation of chlorophyll content and yield of wheat crops from reflectance spectra obtained by ground-based remote measurements
Место публикации : Field Crops Res.: Elsevier B.V., 2017. - Vol. 207. - С. 24-29. - ISSN 03784290 (ISSN) , DOI 10.1016/j.fcr.2016.10.023
Ключевые слова (''Своб.индексиров.''): chlorophyll potential--optical remote method--wheat--triticum aestivum
Аннотация: This study aimed to analyze the relationship between chlorophyll potential, chlorophyll content, and grain yield of different wheat cultivars by using ground remote sensing and laboratory data. Chlorophyll potential is the difference between the reflectance factor integrals with and without chlorophyll absorption (in the 550–730 nm wavelength range). Ground-truth data were obtained at the experimental fields located in the Krasnoyarsk region, Russia (2002–2012). Experiments were conducted in different seasons under various lighting conditions by controlling plants states and soil types. Spectral measurements were obtained using a double-beam spectroradiometer, which was installed on a mobile work platform at a height of 5–18 m. The photometric area varied from 0.5 to 2 m2. The study showed good correlation (R2 = 0.9) between chlorophyll potential and chlorophyll content for different wheat cultivars. However, the correlation between chlorophyll potential and grain yield was less (R2 = 0.8). The values of chlorophyll potentials depended on the type of wheat during the growing season. The novelty of the approach is that it calculates the chlorophyll potential with additional spectral regions when compared with normalized difference vegetation index. We used a spectroradiometer with high spectral resolution. This increased the accuracy and stability of measurements in rapidly changing conditions. © 2016
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17.

Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Somova L.A., Pechurkin N.S.
Заглавие : Functional, regulatory and indicator features of microorganisms in man-made ecosystems
Место публикации : Advances in Space Research. - 2001. - Vol. 27, Is. 9. - С. 1563-1570. - ISSN 02731177 (ISSN) , DOI 10.1016/S0273-1177(01)00247-2
Ключевые слова (''Своб.индексиров.''): biomass--carbon dioxide--ecosystems--life support systems (spacecraft)--photosynthesis--sewage treatment--soils--human microfloras--microorganisms--carbon--carbon dioxide--artificial ecosystem--article--biomass--bioreactor--ecosystem--human--intestine--metabolism--microbiology--microclimate--plant root--sewage--wheat--biomass--bioreactors--carbon--carbon dioxide--ecological systems, closed--ecosystem--environmental microbiology--humans--intestines--life support systems--plant roots--sewage--triticum--waste disposal, fluid
Аннотация: Functional, regulatory and indicator features of microorganisms in development and functioning of the systems and sustaining stability of three man-made ecosystem types has been studied. 1) The functional (metabolic) feature was studied in aquatic ecosystems of biological treatment of sewage waters for the reducer component. 2) The regulatory feature of bacteria for plants (producer component) was studied in simple terrestrial systems "wheat plants-rhizospheric microorganisms - artificial soil" where the behavior of the system varied with activity of the microbial component. For example with atmospheric carbon dioxide content elevated microbes promote intensification of photosynthesis processes, without binding the carbon in the plant biomass. 3) The indicator feature for the humans (consumer component) was studied in Life Support Systems (LSS). High sensitivity of human microflora to system conditions allowed its use as an indicator of the state of both system components and the entire ecosystem. В© 2001 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
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18.

Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Zhila, Natalia, Murueva, Anastasiya, Shershneva, Anna, Shishatskaya, Ekaterina, Volova, Tatiana
Заглавие : Herbicidal activity of slow-release herbicide formulations in wheat stands infested by weeds
Колич.характеристики :7 с
Коллективы : Russian Academy of Sciences [AAAA-A17-117013050028-8]
Место публикации : J. Environ. Sci. Health Part B-Pestic. Contam. Agric. Wastes: TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC, 2017. - Vol. 52, Is. 10. - С. 729-735. - ISSN 0360-1234, DOI 10.1080/03601234.2017.1356668. - ISSN 1532-4109(eISSN)
Примечания : Cited References:23. - The research was supported by the state budget allocated to the fundamental research at the Russian Academy of Sciences (project no. AAAA-A17-117013050028-8).
Предметные рубрики: POLYHYDROXYALKANOATES
POLY-3-HYDROXYBUTYRATE
FILMS
Ключевые слова (''Своб.индексиров.''): metribuzin--tribenuron-methyl--poly-3-hydroxybutyrate--slow-release--formulations--herbicidal activity--wheat--weeds
Аннотация: The present study reports the herbicidal activity of metribuzin and tribenuron-methyl embedded in the degradable matrix of natural poly-3-hydroxybutyrate [P(3HB)/MET and P(3HB)/TBM]. The developed formulations were constructed as films and microgranules, which were tested against the weeds such as white sweet clover Melilotus albus and lamb's quarters Chenopodium album in the presence of soft spring wheat (Triticum aestivum, cv. Altaiskaya 70) as the subject crop for investigation. The activity was measured in laboratory scale experiments by determining the density and weight of the vegetative organs of weeds. The study was also aimed at testing the effect of the experimental formulation on the growth of wheat crop as dependent on the method of herbicide delivery. The experimental MET and TBM formulations showed pronounced herbicidal activity against the weed species used in the study. The effectiveness of the experimental formulations in inhibiting weed growth was comparable to and, sometimes, higher than that of the commercial formulations (positive control). The amount of the biomass of the wheat treated with the experimental herbicide formulations was significantly greater than that of the wheat treated with commercial formulations.
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19.

Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Gitelson J.I., Tirranen L.S., Borodina E.V., Rygalov V.Ye.
Заглавие : Impaired growth of plants cultivated in a closed system: Possible reasons
Место публикации : Advances in Space Research. - 1997. - Vol. 20, Is. 10. - С. 1927-1930. - ISSN 02731177 (ISSN)
Ключевые слова (''Своб.индексиров.''): air conditioning--air pollutant--article--culture medium--growth, development and aging--human--hydroponics--methodology--microbiology--microclimate--plant--sewage--wheat--air conditioning--air pollutants--culture media--ecological systems, closed--environment, controlled--humans--hydroponics--life support systems--plants--triticum--waste disposal, fluid--water microbiology
Аннотация: Plants in experiments on "man-higher plants" closed ecosystem (CES) have been demonstrated to have inhibited growth and reduced productivity due to three basic factors: prolonged usage of a permanent nutrient solution introduction into the nutrient medium of intra-system gray water, and closure of the system. Gray water was detrimental to plants the longer the nutrient solution was used. However, higher plant growth was mostly affected by the gaseous composition of the CES atmosphere, through accumulation of volatile substances. В© 1997 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd.
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20.

Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Somova L.A., Pechurkin N.S., Pisman T.I.
Заглавие : Increase of atmospheric CO2: Response patterns on a simple terrestrial man-made ecosystem
Место публикации : Advances in Space Research. - 2003. - Vol. 31, Is. 7. - С. 1731-1735. - ISSN 02731177 (ISSN) , DOI 10.1016/S0273-1177(03)80019-4
Ключевые слова (''Своб.индексиров.''): carbon dioxide--earth atmosphere--ecosystems--environmental impact--mathematical models--microorganisms--plants (botany)--soils--man-made ecosystems--space research--biosphere--carbon dioxide enrichment--terrestrial ecosystem--carbon dioxide--nitrogen--phosphorus--article--atmosphere--biological model--chemistry--dose response--drug effect--ecosystem--growth, development and aging--metabolism--microbiology--microclimate--plant root--wheat--atmosphere--carbon dioxide--dose-response relationship, drug--ecosystem--environment, controlled--models, biological--nitrogen--phosphorus--plant roots--soil microbiology--triticum
Аннотация: Simple models of terrestrial ecosystems with a limited number of components are an efficient tool to study the main laws of functioning of populations, including microbial ones, and their communities, as components of natural ecosystems, under variable environmental conditions. Among other factors are the increase of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere and limitation of plants' growth by biogenic elements. The main types of ecosystems' responses to changes in environmental conditions (a change in CO2 concentration) have been demonstrated in a "plants - rhizospheric microorganisms - artificial soil" simple experimental system. The mathematical model of interactions between plants and microorganisms under normal and elevated atmospheric CO2 and limitation by nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorus) yielded a qualitative agreement between calculated and experimental values of limiting substances concentrations and release rates of exudates. В© 2003 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
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