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Вид документа : Однотомное издание
Шифр издания : Е572/L71
Заглавие : Lignin biodegradation: microbiology, chemistry, and potential applications : Proceedings of an international seminar, organized under the auspices of the United States-Japan Cooperative Science Program, held May 9-11, 1978 at the U.S. Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, Wis. Vol. I
Выходные данные : Boca Raton, Fla. : CRC Press, 1980
Колич.характеристики :241 pp.: il + 26 cm.
Коллективы : United States-Japan Cooperative Science Program.
Примечания : Bibliogr. at the end of the chapters. - Subject ind.: p. 231-235.- Chemical ind.: p. 237-241
ISBN, Цена 0-8493-5459-5 : $55.00 per vol., 48.00, р.
ББК : Е572
Предметные рубрики: Лигнин-- биодеградация
Ключевые слова (''Своб.индексиров.''): лигнин--биодеградация
Экземпляры :КФ(1)
Свободны : КФ(1)
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Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : GLADYSHEV M.I., GRIBOVSKAYA I.V., ADAMOVICH V.V.
Заглавие : DISAPPEARANCE OF PHENOL IN WATER SAMPLES TAKEN FROM THE YENISEI RIVER AND THE KRASNOYARSK RESERVOIR
Место публикации : Water Res.: PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD, 1993. - Vol. 27, Is. 6. - С. 1063-1070. - 8. - ISSN 0043-1354, DOI 10.1016/0043-1354(93)90071-O
Примечания : Cited References: 20
Предметные рубрики: ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS
LAKE WATER
MINERALIZATION
BIODEGRADATION
KINETICS
MODELS
Ключевые слова (''Своб.индексиров.''): biodegradation--phenol
Аннотация: Using experimental microecosystems the kinetics of phenol disappearance in river and reservoir water were investigated. In river water the disappearance kinetics could be described by A first-order equation, the same kinetics took place in reservoir water before and after the period of ''bloom'' of blue-green algae. During the ''bloom'', the phenol seemed to be mineralized by bacteria which grew at the expense of another compound, and the model of best fit was the model of exponential growth and low concentration of the test substrate. In the river, two sections differed according to the difference between the mean values of the specific disappearance rates. In the reservoir these rates were lower than those in the river. In general the specific disappearance rate values did not correlate with the values of initial bacterioplankton density, the concentrations of inorganic nutrients nor the chemical oxygen demand. Conclusions about the integral influence of ecosystems on the disappearance rates and dependence of self-purification kinetics on the type of aquatic ecosystem were made.
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Вид документа : Статья из сборника (однотомник)
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : GLADYSHEV M.I., GRIBOVSKAYA I.V.
Заглавие : PHENOL BIODEGRADATION IN THE YENISEI RIVER AND THE KRASNOYARSK RESERVOIR, RUSSIA
Колич.характеристики :5 с
Место публикации : HYDROLOGICAL, CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL PROCESSES OF TRANSFORMATION AND TRANSPORT OF CONTAMINANTS IN AQUATIC ENVIRONMENTS. Ser. IAHS PUBLICATIONS: INT ASSOC HYDROLOGICAL SCIENCES, 1994. - Hydrochemistry 1993 Symposium on Hydrological, Chemical and Biological Processes of Transformation and Transport of Contaminants in Aquatic Environments (MAY 24-28, 1993, ROSTOV NA DONU, RUSSIA), Is. 219. - P217-221. - ISBN 0144-7815. - ISBN 0-947571-88-4
Примечания : Cited References: 0
WOS
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Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Sarangova A.B., Somova L.A.
Заглавие : A new enzymatic technique to estimate the efficiency of microbial degradation of pollutants
Место публикации : Advances in Space Research. - 1997. - Vol. 20, Is. 10. - С. 2049-2052. - ISSN 02731177 (ISSN)
Ключевые слова (''Своб.индексиров.''): catalase--hydrogen peroxide--aerobic metabolism--article--bacterium--biomass--bioremediation--enzymology--metabolism--methodology--microbiology--sewage--waste management--water management--aerobiosis--bacteria--biodegradation, environmental--biomass--catalase--hydrogen peroxide--sewage--waste management--water microbiology--water purification
Аннотация: Dynamics of active sludge microorganism activity in aerotanks under chemostat conditions has been studied. Dependence of microorganism catalase activity has been found to depend on residual substrate concentration in proportion to the biomass of microorganisms. Experimental data and field observations has formed the basis to develop a technique to evaluate in relative units the amount of the substrate consumed by biocenosis of the active sludge in the air tanks of purification facilities. В© 1997 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd.
Scopus
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Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Volova T.G., Belyaeva O.G., Plotnikov V.F., Puzyr' A.P.
Заглавие : Studies of Biodegradation of Microbial Polyhydroxyalkanoates
Место публикации : Prikladnaya Biokhimiya i Mikrobiologiya. - 1998. - Vol. 34, Is. 5. - С. 543. - ISSN 05551099 (ISSN)
Аннотация: Biodegradation of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) - polymers of hydroxylated fatty acids - differing in chemical composition, crystallinity, melting temperature, and molecular weight was studied in soil and water environments under conditions of varying ambient temperature and pH. Under similar conditions, homogeneous films of polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) with different initial properties were degraded at virtually equal rates. Hydroxybutyrate-hydroxyvalerate copolymers with a lower crystallinity and different microstructure in comparison to PHB were degraded at a 20 to 30% higher rate on average. The ambient temperature significantly influenced the rate of PHA biodegradation.
Scopus
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Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Gladyshev M.I., Sushchik N.N., Kalachova G.S., Shchur L.A.
Заглавие : The effect of algal blooms on the disappearance of phenol in a small forest pond
Место публикации : Water Research. - 1998. - Vol. 32, Is. 9. - С. 2769-2775. - ISSN 00431354 (ISSN) , DOI 10.1016/S0043-1354(98)00009-8
Ключевые слова (''Своб.индексиров.''): algal blooms--phenol--seasonal dynamics of biodegradation--self-purification--algae--biodegradation--ecosystems--phenols--purification--reaction kinetics--reservoirs (water)--surface waters--experimental microecosystems--forest pond waters--green algae volvox aureus--inorganic nutrients--krasnoyarsk reservoir--water pollution--lake water--phenol--article--ecosystem--forest--green alga--priority journal--russian federation--water pollutant--water temperature
Аннотация: Using experimental microecosystems the kinetics of phenol disappearance in small forest pond waters (Siberia, Russia) in the summer of 1995-96 were investigated. Despite of high variability of components of the ecosystem (plankton biomass and species composition) and two pronounced 'blooms' of green algae Volvox aureus the same kinetics of the disappearance took place over the investigated period. Half-lives of the pollutant depended on water temperature only. A comparison of the self-purification of the pond with that of the Krasnoyarsk reservoir, 'blooming' with blue-greens was carried out. Half-lives in the pond were significantly lower than that in the reservoir. During the periods of 'blooms' of the green algae in the pond the concentrations of inorganic nutrients were comparatively high and the phenol-degrading bacteria likely were not limited by these nutrients, in contrast to the periods of 'bloom' of the blue-green algae in the reservoir.
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Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Bondar V.S., Boersma M.G., Golovlev E.L., Vervoort J..., Van Berkel WJH, Finkelstein Z.I., Solyanikova I.P., Golovleva L.A., Rietjens IMCM
Заглавие : (19)F NMR study on the biodegradation of fluorophenols by various Rhodococcus species
Колич.характеристики :12 с
Место публикации : Biodegradation: SPRINGER, 1998. - Vol. 9: NMR in Environmental Sciences Symposium (OCT 24, 1997, EDE, NETHERLANDS), Is. 6. - С. 475-486. - ISSN 0923-9820, DOI 10.1023/A:1008391906885
Примечания : Cited References: 37
Предметные рубрики: NUCLEAR-MAGNETIC-RESONANCE
PSEUDOMONAS-PUTIDA MT-2
PHENOL HYDROXYLASE
BACTERIAL-DEGRADATION
3-OXOADIPATE PATHWAY
FLUOROBENZOIC ACID
CONVERSION
METABOLISM
CYCLOISOMERASES
2-CHLORO-CIS,CIS-MUCONATE
Ключевые слова (''Своб.индексиров.''): biodegradation--fluorophenols--(19)f nmr--oxidative defluorination--rhodococcus species
Аннотация: Of all NMR observable isotopes (19)F is the one perhaps most convenient for studies on biodegradation of environmental pollutants. The reasons underlying this potential of (19)F NMR are discussed and illustrated on the basis of a study on the biodegradation of fluorophenols by four Rhodococcus strains. The results indicate marked differences between the biodegradation pathways of fluorophenols among the various Rhodococcus species. This holds not only for the level and nature of the fluorinated biodegradation pathway intermediates that accumulate, but also for the regioselectivity of the initial hydroxylation step. Several of the Rhodococcus species contain a phenol hydroxylase that catalyses the oxidative defluorination of ortho-fluorinated di- and trifluorophenols. Furthermore, it is illustrated how the (19)F NMR technique can be used as a tool in the process of identification of an accumulated unknown metabolite, in this case most likely 5-fluoromaleylacetate. Altogether, the (19)F NMR technique proved valid to obtain detailed information on the microbial biodegradation pathways of fluorinated organics, but also to provide information on the specificity of enzymes generally considered unstable and, for this reason, not much studied so far.
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Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Volova T.G., Belyaeva O.G., Plotnikov V.F., Puzyr' A.P.
Заглавие : Studies of biodegradation of microbial polyhydroxyalkanoates
Место публикации : Applied Biochemistry and Microbiology. - 1998. - Vol. 34, Is. 5. - С. 488-492. - ISSN 00036838 (ISSN)
Аннотация: Biodegradation of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) - polymers of hydroxylated fatty acids - differing in chemical composition, crystallinity, melting temperature, and molecular weight was studied in soil and water environments under conditions of varying ambient temperature and pH. Under similar conditions, homogeneous films of polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) with different initial properties were degraded at virtually equal rates. Hydroxybutyrate-hydroxyvalerate copolymers with a lower crystallinity and different microstructure in comparison to PHB were degraded at a 20 to 30% higher rate on average. The ambient temperature significantly influenced the rate of PHA biodegradation.
Scopus
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Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Pechurkin N.S., Shirobokova I.M.
Заглавие : Closed artificial ecosystems as a means of ecosystem studies for earth and space needs
Место публикации : Advances in Space Research. - 2001. - Vol. 27, Is. 9. - С. 1497-1504. - ISSN 02731177 (ISSN) , DOI 10.1016/S0273-1177(01)00244-7
Ключевые слова (''Своб.индексиров.''): artificial ecosystem--bioremediation--biosphere--ecosystem--environmental monitoring--model--bioremediation--ecology--ecosystems--health--biosphere--space research--artificial ecosystem--biodegradation, environmental--earth (planet)--ecological systems, closed--ecology--ecosystem--energy transfer--environmental microbiology--life support systems--population dynamics--yeasts
Аннотация: Closed Artificial ecosystems (CAES) have good prospects for wide use as new means for quantitative studies of different types of both natural ecosystems and man-made ones. The paper deals with the discussion of three points of CAES applications. The first one is of importance for theoretical ecology development and is connected with bringing together В«holisticВ» and В«merologicalВ» approaches in ecosystems studies. Using CAES, we can combine both approaches, taking into account the biotic turnover of limiting substrates which few in number even for complicated natural ecosystems. The second CAES use concerns the development of В«ecosystems healthВ» concept and application of a key-factor-approach for the indication and measurement of healthy unhealthy state and functioning of ecosystems or their links. The third use is more of an applied nature, oriented to the intensification of bioremediation or biodepollution processes in different types of ecosystems, including the global biosphere. В© 2001 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Scopus
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10.

Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Shishatskaya E.I., Volova T.G., Efremova S.N., Puzyr S.P., Mogil'naya O.A.
Заглавие : Tissue response to biodegradable suture threads made of polyoxyalkanoates
Место публикации : Meditsinskaya Tekhnika. - 2002. - Is. 4. - С. 23-29. - ISSN 00258075 (ISSN)
Ключевые слова (''Своб.индексиров.''): biocompatibility--biodegradation--implants (surgical)--materials testing--organic polymers--polyoxyalkanoates--suture threads--biomaterials--biomaterial--polymer--animal--article--bioremediation--female--metabolism--rat--suture--wistar rat--animals--biocompatible materials--biodegradation, environmental--female--polymers--rats--rats, wistar--sutures
Аннотация: The paper presents data on the materials and methods of obtaining suture threads based on of the polymer batty acid derivatives (polyoxyalkanoates). Results of the study of tissue response to biodegradable polyoxyalkanoate suture threads in the postoperative period are analyzed. These suture threads have been shown to have the required strength and meet a number of other requirements for currently available materials.
Scopus
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11.

Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Shishatskaya E.I., Volova T.G., Puzyr A.P., Mogil'naya O.A., Efremov S.N., Gitelson I.I.
Заглавие : Tissue morphogenesis under the conditions of implantation of polyhydroxybutyrate, a biodegradable polymer.
Место публикации : Doklady Biological Sciences. - 2002. - Vol. 383, Is. 1-6. - С. 123-126. - ISSN 00124966 (ISSN)
Ключевые слова (''Своб.индексиров.''): biomaterial--hydroxybutyric acid--polymer--animal--article--bioremediation--female--morphogenesis--rat--wistar rat--animals--biocompatible materials--biodegradation, environmental--female--hydroxybutyrates--morphogenesis--polymers--rats--rats, wistar
Scopus
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12.

Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Lesnyak D.V., Popova L.Y.
Заглавие : A conflict: Induction-inhibition of luminescence in the expression of lux-genes in transgenic bacteria
Колич.характеристики :5 с
Место публикации : Biofizika: MEZHDUNARODNAYA KNIGA, 2002. - Vol. 47, Is. 6. - P1059-1063. - ISSN 0006-3029
Примечания : Cited References: 12
Ключевые слова (''Своб.индексиров.''): salicylate, naphtalene concentration--bacterial bioluminescence, biodegradation
Аннотация: The relationship between the induction of the luminescent operon of lux-genes fused with the naphthalene and salicylate degradation genes and the inhibition of light emission caused by these compounds was studied. The quantitative correlations between these processes manifest themselves in the fact that light intensity linearly increased in a narrow concentration range of the inductor and then decreased due to the inhibition of the luminescence reaction itself, which is not related to the regulation of expression of lux-genes.
WOS
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13.

Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Shishatskaya E.I., Volova T.G., Popova T.G.
Заглавие : Study of the biological properties of polyoxyalkanoates in the in vivo chronic experiment
Место публикации : Meditsinskaya Tekhnika. - 2002. - Is. 4. - С. 29-33. - ISSN 00258075 (ISSN)
Ключевые слова (''Своб.индексиров.''): biomaterial--polymer--animal--article--bioremediation--comparative study--female--metabolism--rat--suture--wistar rat--animals--biocompatible materials--biodegradation, environmental--female--polymers--rats--rats, wistar--sutures--biocompatibility--immunology--implants (surgical)--materials testing--organic polymers--polyoxyalkanoates--rat models--suture threads--biomaterials
Аннотация: Chronic experiments on mature Wistar rats studied the biological properties of suture threads from two types of polyoxyalkanoates (POA), such as polyoxybutyrate (POB) and the copolymer of POB and polyoxyvalerate (POV) (POB/POV) as compared to the conventional surgical material (silk and catgut). The physiological and biochemical parameters that reflect the status of the animals, including their behavior, height and development, the weight of the body and viscera, the morphology of peripheral blood, the biochemical parameters of blood, the activity of some enzymes, as well as histological findings of the viscera, and lymphoid tissue responses were assessed. POA was found to produce no negative effect on the physiological, biochemical, and functional characteristics of the animals irrespective of the duration of contact with the internal medium of the body and of the chemical composition of a material.
Scopus
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14.

Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Tikhomirov A.A., Ushakova S.A., Manukovsky N.S., Lisovsky G.M., Kudenko Yu.A., Koyalev V.S., Gribovskaya I.V., Tirranen L.S., Zolotukhin I.G., Gros J.B., Lasseur Ch.
Заглавие : Synthesis of biomass and utilization of plants wastes in a physical model of biological life-support system
Место публикации : Acta Astronautica. - 2003. - Vol. 53, Is. 4-10. - С. 249-257. - ISSN 00945765 (ISSN) , DOI 10.1016/S0094-5765(03)00137-1
Ключевые слова (''Своб.индексиров.''): ecosystems--microorganisms--ph--photosynthesis--plants (botany)--synthesis (chemical)--waste utilization--biological life support systems (blls)--gas exchange--plant respiration--biomass--carbon dioxide--agaricales--article--biomass--bioremediation--growth, development and aging--hydroponics--incineration--metabolism--methodology--microbiology--microclimate--photosynthesis--plant physiology--radish--space flight--waste management--weightlessness--wheat--agaricales--biodegradation, environmental--biomass--carbon dioxide--ecological systems, closed--environmental microbiology--hydroponics--incineration--life support systems--photosynthesis--plant physiology--raphanus--space flight--triticum--waste management--weightlessness
Аннотация: The paper considers problems of biosynthesis of higher plants' biomass and "biological incineration" of plant wastes in a working physical model of biological LSS. The plant wastes are "biologically incinerated" in a special heterotrophic block involving Califomian worms, mushrooms and straw. The block processes plant wastes (straw, haulms) to produce soil-like substrate (SLS) on which plants (wheat, radish) are grown. Gas exchange in such a system consists of respiratory gas exchange of SLS and photosynthesis and respiration of plants. Specifics of gas exchange dynamics of high plants - SLS complex has been considered. Relationship between such a gas exchange and PAR irradiance and age of plants has been established. Nitrogen and iron were found to the first to limit plants' growth on SLS when process conditions are deranged. The SLS microflora has been found to have different kinds of ammonifying and denitrifying bacteria which is indicative of intensive transformation of nitrogen-containing compounds. The number of physiological groups of microorganisms in SLS was, on the whole, steady. As a result, organic substances - products of exchange of plants and microorganisms were not accumulated in the medium, but mineralized and assimilated by the biocenosis. Experiments showed that the developed model of a man-made ecosystem realized complete utilization of plant wastes and involved them into the intrasystem turnover. В© 2003 International Astronautical Federation. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Scopus
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15.

Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Tikhomirov A.A., Ushakova S.A., Manukovsky N.S., Lisovsky G.M., Kudenko Yu.A., Kovalev V.S., Gubanov V.G., Barkhatov Yu.V., Gribovskaya I.V., Zolotukhin I.G., Gros J.B., Lasseur Ch.
Заглавие : Mass exchange in an experimental new-generation life support system model based on biological regeneration of environment
Место публикации : Advances in Space Research. - 2003. - Vol. 31, Is. 7. - С. 1711-1720. - ISSN 02731177 (ISSN) , DOI 10.1016/S0273-1177(03)80017-0
Ключевые слова (''Своб.индексиров.''): biomass--photosynthesis--plants (botany)--transpiration--mass exchange--life support systems (spacecraft)--ammonia--nitrogen--oxygen--biosphere--animal--annelid worm--article--biological model--biomass--bioremediation--evaluation--growth, development and aging--human--metabolism--microclimate--photosynthesis--pleurotus--radish--wheat--ammonia--animals--biodegradation, environmental--biomass--ecological systems, closed--evaluation studies--humans--life support systems--models, biological--nitrogen--oligochaeta--oxygen--photosynthesis--pleurotus--raphanus--triticum
Аннотация: An experimental model of a biological life support system was used to evaluate qualitative and quantitative parameters of the internal mass exchange. The photosynthesizing unit included the higher plant component (wheat and radish), and the heterotrophic unit consisted of a soil-like substrate, California worms, mushrooms and microbial microflora. The gas mass exchange involved evolution of oxygen by the photosynthesizing component and its uptake by the heterotroph component along with the formation and maintaining of the SLS structure, growth of mushrooms and California worms, human respiration, and some other processes. Human presence in the system in the form of "virtual human" that at regular intervals took part in the respirative gas exchange during the experiment. Experimental data demonstrated good oxygen/carbon dioxide balance, and the closure of the cycles of these gases was almost complete. The water cycle was nearly 100% closed. The main components in the water mass exchange were transpiration water and the watering solution with mineral elements. Human consumption of the edible plant biomass (grains and roots) was simulated by processing these products by a unique physicochemical method of oxidizing them to inorganic mineral compounds, which were then returned into the system and fully assimilated by the plants. The oxidation was achieved by "wet combustion" of organic biomass, using hydrogen peroxide following a special procedure, which does not require high temperature and pressure. Hydrogen peroxide is produced from the water inside the system. The closure of the cycle was estimated for individual elements and compounds. Stoichiometric proportions are given for the main components included in the experimental model of the system. Approaches to the mathematical modeling of the cycling processes are discussed, using the data of the experimental model. Nitrogen, as a representative of biogenic elements, shows an almost 100% closure of the cycle inside the system. The proposed experimental model of a biological system is discussed as a candidate for potential application in the investigations aimed at creating ecosystems with largely closed cycles of the internal mass exchange. The formation and maintenance of sustainable cycling of vitally important chemical elements and compounds in biological life support systems (BLSS) is an extremely pressing problem. To attain the stable functioning of biological life support systems (BLSS) and to maintain a high degree of closure of material cycles in them, it is essential to understand the character of mass exchange processes and stoichiometric proportions of the initial and synthesized components of the system. В© 2003 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Scopus
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16.

Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Volova T.G., Gladyshev M.I., Trusova M.Y., Zhila N.O., Kartushinskaya M.V.
Заглавие : Degradation of bioplastics in natural environment.
Место публикации : Doklady biological sciences : proceedings of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Biological sciences sections / translated from Russian. - 2004. - Vol. 397. - С. 330-332. - ISSN 00124966 (ISSN)
Ключевые слова (''Своб.индексиров.''): biopolymer--plastic--article--bioremediation--chemistry--environment--kinetics--materials--russian federation--water supply--biodegradation, environmental--biopolymers--environment--kinetics--manufactured materials--plastics--russia--water supply
Scopus
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17.

Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Shishatskaya E.I., Volova T.G., Puzyr A.P., Mogilnaya O.A., Efremov S.N.
Заглавие : Tissue response to the implantation of biodegradable polyhydroxyalkanoate sutures
Место публикации : Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Medicine. - 2004. - Vol. 15, Is. 6. - С. 719-728. - ISSN 09574530 (ISSN) , DOI 10.1023/B:JMSM.0000030215.49991.0d
Ключевые слова (''Своб.индексиров.''): necrosis--polymeric implants--suppurative inflammation--tissue reaction--biodegradation--calcification (biochemistry)--cells--copolymers--implants (surgical)--silk--tissue--tumors--materials science--acid phosphatase--copolymer--poly(3 hydroxybutyric acid)--polyhydroxyalkanoic acid--polyhydroxyvaleric acid--unclassified drug--animal experiment--animal model--article--biodegradable implant--blood vessel reactivity--catgut--controlled study--enzyme activity--female--giant cell--histochemistry--inflammation--macrophage--nonhuman--priority journal--rat--silk--suture--tensile strength--tissue reaction--tissue structure--wound healing--young modulus--absorbable implants--animals--female--fibrosis--foreign-body reaction--hydroxybutyrates--muscle, skeletal--polyesters--polymers--rats--rats, wistar--sutures--treatment outcome--wounds, penetrating--animalia
Аннотация: Polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) sutures were implanted to test animals intramuscularly, and tissue reaction was investigated and compared with the reaction to silk and catgut. Tested monofilament sutures made of PHAs of two types polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) and a copolymer of hydroxybutyrate and hydroxyvalerate (PHV) featured the strength necessary for the healing of muscle-fascial wounds. The reaction of tissues to polymeric implants was similar to their reaction to silk and was less pronounced than the reaction to catgut; it was expressed in a transient post-traumatic inflammation (up to four weeks) and the formation of a fibrous capsule less than 200 ?m thick, which became as thin as 4060 ?m after 16 weeks, in the course of reverse development. Macrophages and foreign-body giant cells with a high activity of acid phosphatase were actively involved in this process. PHB and PHB/PHV sutures implanted intramuscularly for an extended period (up to one year) did not cause any acute vascular reaction at the site of implantation or any adverse events, such as suppurative inflammation, necrosis, calcification of the fibrous capsule or malignant tumor formation. No statistically significant differences were revealed in the tissue response to polymer sutures of the two types. Capsules around silk and catgut sutures did not become significantly thinner.
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18.

Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Galayda Ya.V., Pechurkin N.S., Shirobokova I.M., Pisman T.I.
Заглавие : Kinetic characteristics of the theoretical ecosystems with different extent of openness
Место публикации : Advances in Space Research. - 2005. - Vol. 35, Is. 9 SPEC. ISS. - С. 1516-1520. - ISSN 02731177 (ISSN) , DOI 10.1016/j.asr.2005.01.034
Ключевые слова (''Своб.индексиров.''): mathematic modeling--net primary production--residual concentration of biogenic limiting substances--trophic chain length--mathematic modeling--net primary production--residual concentration of biogenic limiting substances--trophic chain length--characterization--degradation--kinetic theory--mathematical models--nitrogen--phosphorus--recycling--surface waters--ecosystems--biological model--biomass--bioremediation--conference paper--ecosystem--food chain--microclimate--biodegradation, environmental--biomass--ecological systems, closed--ecosystem--food chain--life support systems--models, biological
Аннотация: In this paper, the influence of the extent of openness of ecosystem that is defined by the dilution rate, which characterizes the extent of flowage of the pond, on the intensity of the biotic circulation in ecosystems with different regulation types, number of trophic links and extent of closing has been investigated. We considered open systems, we took into account the return of the limiting substances, such as nitrogen and phosphorous, into the cycle by degradation of detritus and products of vital functions of consumers. It was shown by the numerical calculations that the increase of the dilution rate in without recycle ecosystems leads to increase of the net primary production up to the maximum value corresponding to the two-link trophic chain (biogenic substance and producer) and then, to gradually decrease. The residual concentration of biogenic limiting substances monotone increases. Net primary production and residual concentration of biogenic limiting substances in systems with recycle with even number of links behaves similarly to that in without recycle ecosystems. In the systems with recycle with the odd number of links that values lies on the stable level. We showed that in wide range of the dilution rate the recycling of the ecosystem can highly increase the net primary production and reduce residual concentration of biogenic limiting substances. The influence of the dilution rate on numbers of links that may exist in the system was analyzed. В© 2005 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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19.

Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Somova L.A., Pechurkin N.S., Pisman T.I.
Заглавие : Principles of biological adaptation of organisms in artificial ecosystems to changes of environmental factors
Место публикации : Advances in Space Research. - 2005. - Vol. 35, Is. 9 SPEC. ISS. - С. 1512-1515. - ISSN 02731177 (ISSN) , DOI 10.1016/j.asr.2004.12.038
Ключевые слова (''Своб.индексиров.''): artificial ecosystems--biotic cycles--microorganisms--energy utilization--environmental impact--microorganisms--plants (botany)--purification--water--aes--artificial ecosystems--biotic cycles--material transformations--ecosystems--bioremediation--comparative study--conference paper--ecosystem--methodology--microbiology--microclimate--plant--sewage--waste management--water management--biodegradation, environmental--ecological systems, closed--ecosystem--environmental microbiology--life support systems--plants--sewage--soil microbiology--waste management--water purification
Аннотация: Studying material transformations and biotic cycling in artificial ecosystems (AES), we need to know the principles of biological adaptation of active organisms to change in the environment. Microorganisms in AES for water purification are the most active transforming organisms and consumers of the organic substances contained in wastes. Utilization of organic substances is directly connected with the energy fluxes used by AES. According to energy criteria, the energy fluxes used by a biological system tend to reach maximum values under stable conditions. Unutilized substrate concentration decreases as a result of biological adaptations. After a dramatic change in environmental factors, for example, after a sharp increase in the flow rate of organic substances, the biological system is not able to react quickly. The concentration of unutilized substrate increases and the energy flux used by the biological system decreases. The structure of the microbial community also changes, with a decrease in biological diversity. The efficiency of energy use by simple terrestrial ecosystems depends on the energetic intensity and interactions between plants and rhizospheric microorganisms. В© 2005 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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20.

Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Somova L.A., Pechurkin N.S.
Заглавие : Management and control of microbial populations' development in LSS of missions of different durations
Место публикации : Advances in Space Research. - 2005. - Vol. 35, Is. 9 SPEC. ISS. - С. 1621-1625. - ISSN 02731177 (ISSN) , DOI 10.1016/j.asr.2004.12.046
Ключевые слова (''Своб.индексиров.''): long-term missions--lss--macro- and microorganism--microbial populations--ecosystems--population statistics--probability--recycling--life support systems (lss)--long-term mission--macro-and microorganism--microbial populations--microorganisms--aerospace medicine--bioreactor--bioremediation--chlorella--conference paper--drug resistance--human--hygiene--immune system--instrumentation--methodology--microbiology--microclimate--physiology--space flight--waste management--weightlessness--aerospace medicine--biodegradation, environmental--bioreactors--chlorella--drug resistance--ecological systems, closed--environmental microbiology--humans--hygiene--immune system--life support systems--space flight--waste management--weightlessness
Аннотация: The problem of interaction between man and microorganisms in closed habitats is an inextricable part of the whole problem of co-existence between macro- and microorganisms. Concerning the support of human life in closed habitat, we can, conventionally, divide microorganisms, acting in life support system (LSS) into three groups: useful, neutral and harmful. The tasks, for human beings for optimal coexistence with microhabitants seem to be trivial: (1) to increase the activity of useful forms, (2) decrease the activity harmful forms, (3) not allow the neutral forms to become the harmful ones and even to help them to gain useful activity. The task of efficient management and control of microbial population's development in LSS highly depends on mission duration. As for short-term missions without recycling, the proper hygienic procedures are developed. For longer missions, the probability of transformation of the neutral forms into the harmful ones is becoming more dangerous. The LSS for long-term missions are to use cycling-recycling systems, including system with biological recycling. In these systems, microbial populations as regenerative link should be useful and active agents. Some problems of microbial populations control and management are discussed in the paper. В© 2005 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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