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Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Prudnikova, Svetlana, Streltsova, Nadezhda, Volova, Tatiana
Заглавие : The effect of the pesticide delivery method on the microbial community of field soil
Колич.характеристики :17 с
Коллективы : Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation, project "Agropreparations of the new generation: a strategy of construction and realization" [074-02-2018-328]
Место публикации : Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res.: SPRINGER HEIDELBERG, 2020. - Article in press. - ISSN 0944-1344, DOI 10.1007/s11356-020-11228-7. - ISSN 1614-7499(eISSN)
Примечания : Cited References:119. - This study was financially supported by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation, project "Agropreparations of the new generation: a strategy of construction and realization" (Agreement No 074-02-2018-328).
Предметные рубрики: CONTROLLED-RELEASE
2,4-DICHLOROPHENOXYACETIC ACID
DEGRADATION
Аннотация: The study deals with the effects of herbicides (metribuzin, tribenuron-methyl, fenoxaprop-P-ethyl) and fungicides (tebuconazole, epoxiconazole, azoxystrobin) applied to soil as free pesticides or as slow release formulations embedded in a biodegradable composite matrix on the structure of the soil microbial community. The matrix consisted of a natural biopolymer poly-3-hydroxybutyrate [P(3HB)] and a filler-one of the natural materials (peat, clay, and wood flour). The soil microbial community was characterized, including the major eco-trophic groups of bacteria, dominant taxa of bacteria and fungi, and primary P(3HB)-degrading microorganisms, such asPseudomonas,Bacillus,Pseudarthrobacter,Streptomyces,Penicillium, andTalaromyces. The addition of free pesticides adversely affected the abundance of soil microorganisms; the decrease varied from 1.4 to 56.0 times for different types of pesticides. The slow release pesticide formulations, in contrast to the free pesticides, exerted a much weaker effect on soil microorganisms, no significant inhibition in the abundance of saprotrophic bacteria was observed, partly due to the positive effects of the composite matrix (polymer/natural material), which was a supplementary substrate for microorganisms. The slow release fungicide formulations, like the free fungicides, reduced the total abundance of fungi and inhibited the development of the phytopathogensFusariumandAlternaria. Thus, slow release formulations of pesticides preserve the bioremediation potential of soil microorganisms, which are the main factor of removing xenobiotics from the biosphere.
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Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Prudnikova S., Streltsova N., Volova T.
Заглавие : The effect of the pesticide delivery method on the microbial community of field soil
Место публикации : Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res.: Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2020. - Article in press. - ISSN 09441344 (ISSN), DOI 10.1007/s11356-020-11228-7
Аннотация: The study deals with the effects of herbicides (metribuzin, tribenuron-methyl, fenoxaprop-P-ethyl) and fungicides (tebuconazole, epoxiconazole, azoxystrobin) applied to soil as free pesticides or as slow release formulations embedded in a biodegradable composite matrix on the structure of the soil microbial community. The matrix consisted of a natural biopolymer poly-3-hydroxybutyrate [P(3HB)] and a filler—one of the natural materials (peat, clay, and wood flour). The soil microbial community was characterized, including the major eco-trophic groups of bacteria, dominant taxa of bacteria and fungi, and primary P(3HB)-degrading microorganisms, such as Pseudomonas, Bacillus, Pseudarthrobacter, Streptomyces, Penicillium, and Talaromyces. The addition of free pesticides adversely affected the abundance of soil microorganisms; the decrease varied from 1.4 to 56.0 times for different types of pesticides. The slow release pesticide formulations, in contrast to the free pesticides, exerted a much weaker effect on soil microorganisms, no significant inhibition in the abundance of saprotrophic bacteria was observed, partly due to the positive effects of the composite matrix (polymer/natural material), which was a supplementary substrate for microorganisms. The slow release fungicide formulations, like the free fungicides, reduced the total abundance of fungi and inhibited the development of the phytopathogens Fusarium and Alternaria. Thus, slow release formulations of pesticides preserve the bioremediation potential of soil microorganisms, which are the main factor of removing xenobiotics from the biosphere. © 2020, Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.
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Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Gitel’zon I. I.
Заглавие : Biophysics to Ecology
Место публикации : Her. Russ. Acad. Sci.: Pleiades Publishing, 2019. - Vol. 89, Is. 6. - С. 523-534. - ISSN 10193316 (ISSN), DOI 10.1134/S1019331619060066
Аннотация: Abstract: This report presents some new methodological opportunities that biophysics can offer for solving the fundamental problem of planetary ecology—deciphering the mechanism that maintains the equilibrium state of the biosphere. The Institute of Biophysics, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, where the author of this report works, is developing two complementary directions in ecological biophysics. The first is monitoring the vital activity of natural and constructed ecosystems by optical methods using the example of bioluminescence of the sea and closed ecosystems, and the second is studying the laws of parametric biosynthesis control and creating biotechnological control systems for these processes in order to construct noosphere-like ecosystems, in particular, for human life-support and survival systems in extreme conditions on the Earth and in space. © 2019, Pleiades Publishing, Ltd.
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Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Gitel'zon I. I.
Заглавие : Biophysics to Ecology
Колич.характеристики :12 с
Место публикации : Her. Russ. Acad. Sci.: MAIK NAUKA/INTERPERIODICA/SPRINGER, 2019. - Vol. 89, Is. 6. - С. 523-534. - ISSN 1019-3316, DOI 10.1134/S1019331619060066. - ISSN 1555-6492(eISSN)
Примечания : Cited References:25
Аннотация: This report presents some new methodological opportunities that biophysics can offer for solving the fundamental problem of planetary ecology-deciphering the mechanism that maintains the equilibrium state of the biosphere. The Institute of Biophysics, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, where the author of this report works, is developing two complementary directions in ecological biophysics. The first is monitoring the vital activity of natural and constructed ecosystems by optical methods using the example of bioluminescence of the sea and closed ecosystems, and the second is studying the laws of parametric biosynthesis control and creating biotechnological control systems for these processes in order to construct noosphere-like ecosystems, in particular, for human life-support and survival systems in extreme conditions on the Earth and in space.
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Вид документа : Однотомное издание
Шифр издания : Е071/Б 63
Автор(ы) : Гительзон, Иосиф Исаевич, Волова, Татьяна Григорьевна, Дегерменджи, Андрей Георгиевич, Дегерменджи Н. Н., Шевырногов, Анатолий Петрович, Кратасюк В. А., Барцев, Сергей иванович, Болсуновский, Александр Яковлевич, Бондарь, Владимир Антонович, Буров А. Е., Величко В. В., Гладышев, Михаил Иванович, Есимбекова Е. Н., Дементьев Д. В., Есимбекова Е. Н., Задереев, Егор Сергеевич, Зотина Т. А., Косиненко, Сергей Васильевич, Медведева С. Е., Петушков В. Н., Печуркин, Николай Савельевич, Прокопкин И. Г., Пузырь А. П., Пуртов К. В., Рогозин, Денис Юрьевич, Родионова Н. С., Ронжин Н. О., Сомова, Лидия Александровна, Тихомиров, Александр Аполлинариевич, Тихомирова, Наталья Александровна, Трифонов С. В., Ушакова, Софья Аврумовна, Франк Л. А., Хромечек Е. Б., Шишацкая Е. И., Шуваев А. Н.
Заглавие : Биофизика для экологии и медицины: к 90-летию академика РАН И. И. Гительзона
Выходные данные : Новосибирск: Издательство Сибирского отделения Российской академии наук, 2019
Колич.характеристики :292, [2] с.: ил., цв. ил.; 25 см.
Коллективы : Российская академия наук. Сибирское отделение, Институт биофизики (Красноярск)
Примечания : Рез. ст. англ. - Библиогр. в конце ст.
ISBN, Цена 978-5-7692-1650-3: 1635.00 р.
ГРНТИ : 31.27 + 76.03
УДК : 577 + 574 + 61
ББК : Е071я43 + Р252.0я43
Предметные рубрики: Экологическая биофизика
Медицинская биофизика
Ключевые слова (''Своб.индексиров.''): биолюминесценция--люцифераза--целентаразин--олигохеты--замкнутые экосистемы--управляемый биосинтез--наноалмазы--радиоизотопные методы--биосфера--жирные кислоты--системы жизнеобеспечения--меромиктические озера--геобиосфера--эволюция--глобальный климат--медицинская биофизика
Содержание : Краткий очерк истории, состояния и перспектив/ И. И. Гительзон. Коллекция культур ибсо как база для исследований биолюминесценции й и грибов в ИБФ СО РАН/ С. Е. Медведева. Биолюминесценция Мирового океана/ И. И. Гительзон, Л. А. Левин, А. С. Артемкин, Р. Н., Чепилов В. В., Молвинских С.Л., Черепанов О. А., Чугунов Ю. В., Караев Н. Д., Загородний Ю. А., Шевырногов А. П. Утюшев Р. Н. Бактериальная люцифераза в биолюминесцентном анализе/ В. А. Кратасюк, Е. Н. Есимбекова. Целентеразин-зависимые биолюминесцентные системы/ Л. А. Франк. Изучение химического механизма биолюминесценции грибов/ К. В. Пуртов, В. Н. Петушков, Н. С. Родионова. Исследование биолюминесценции сибирских почвенных олигохет/ Н. С. Родионова, А. А. Петушков. Экспериментальные модели замкнутых экосистем с расчетной долей человека как перспективное направление исследований по созданию биолого-технической системы жизнеобеспечения/ А. А. Тихомиров, С. А. Ушакова, Н. А. Тихомирова, С. В., Величко В. В. Трифонов С. В. Управляемый биосинтез: от параметрически управляемых продуцирующих биосистем до новейших биофизических технологий/ Т. Г. Волова, Е. И. Шишацкая. Биомедицинские приложения наноалмазов взрывного синтеза/ В. С. Бондарь, А. П. Пузырь, Н. О. Ронжин, А. В., Буров А. Е. Барон А. В. Применение радиоизотопных методов в институте биофизики СО РАН: от клеток крови до экосистем/ А. Я. Болсуновский, С. В. Косиненко, Т. А. Зотина, Д. В. Дементьев. Биосфера - взгляд сверху (экспрессные методы мониторинга биосферы в ИБФ СО РАН – ХХ–ХХI вв.)/ А. П. Шевырногов. Жирные кислоты в экологической биофизике водных систем/ М. И. Гладышев. Сравнительное исследование устойчивости стратификации и структуры трофической сети в меромиктических озерах Шира и Шунет (Южная Сибирь, Россия)/ Д. Ю. Рогозин, Е. С. Задереев, И. Г. Прокопкин [и др.]. Непрерывный рост интенсивности энерго-вещественных взаимодействий в эволюции геобиосферы Земли/ Н. С. Печуркин, А. Н. Шуваев, Л. А. Сомова. Малоразмерные модели биосферы и феноменология изменения глобального климата/ С. И. Барцев, А. Г. Дегерменджи. Направления развития биофизики в Красноярске/ А. Г. Дегерменджи.
Аннотация: Сборник посвящен широкому кругу исследований в области экологической биофизики – научного направления на стыке наук – от исследований на молекулярном уровне до вопросов управления большими природными экосистемами. Рассмотрены исторические вехи развития экологического направления биофизики. Основной акцент сборника основан на современных, актуальных достижениях красноярских биофизиков, которым удалось сохранить и развить многоплановые направления, которые были заложены в 50-х гг. ХХ века И. И. Гительзоном. Наряду с обзорными материалами и результатами фундаментальных исследований представлен ряд готовых к внедрению биотехнологий. Книга адресована биофизикам, экологам и химикам, а также преподавателям и студентам биофизических, биологических и экологических кафедр университетов.
Экземпляры :ИБФ-КФ(1)
Свободны : ИБФ-КФ(1)
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Вид документа : Статья из сборника (однотомник)
Шифр издания : Е071/Б 63
Автор(ы) : Барцев, Сергей Иванович, Дегерменджи, Андрей Георгиевич
Заглавие : Малоразмерные модели биосферы и феноменология изменения глобального климата
Параллельн. заглавия :Small-scale biosphere models and phenomenology of global climate change
Коллективы : Российская академия наук, Институт биофизики
Место публикации : Биофизика для экологии и медицины: к 90-летию академика РАН И. И. Гительзона/ И. И. Гительзон, Т. Г. Волова, А. Г. Дегерменджи [и др.] ; ред., авт. предисл. Т. Г. Волова. - Новосибирск: Издательство Сибирского отделения Российской академии наук, 2019. - С. 255-283. - ISBN 978-5-7692-1650-3 (Шифр Е071/Б 63-478048446)
Примечания : Библиогр.: с. 281-283
УДК : 577 + 574 + 61
ББК : Е071я43 + Р252.0я43
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Вид документа : Статья из сборника (однотомник)
Шифр издания : Е071/Б 63
Автор(ы) : Шевырногов, Анатолий Петрович, Дементьев Д. В.
Заглавие : Биосфера - взгляд сверху (экспрессные методы мониторинга биосферы в ИБФ СО РАН – ХХ–ХХI вв.)
Параллельн. заглавия :biosphere - a view from space (express methods of the biosphere monitoring in the Institute of Biophysics SB RAS – XX–XXI century)
Коллективы : Российская академия наук, Институт биофизики
Место публикации : Биофизика для экологии и медицины: к 90-летию академика РАН И. И. Гительзона/ И. И. Гительзон, Т. Г. Волова, А. Г. Дегерменджи [и др.] ; ред., авт. предисл. Т. Г. Волова. - Новосибирск: Издательство Сибирского отделения Российской академии наук, 2019. - С. 180-193. - ISBN 978-5-7692-1650-3 (Шифр Е071/Б 63-478048446)
Примечания : Библиогр.: с. 193
УДК : 577 + 574 + 61
ББК : Е071я43 + Р252.0я43
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Вид документа : Статья из сборника (выпуск монографической серии)
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Bartsev S., Belolipetskii P., Degermendzhi A.
Заглавие : Multistable states in the biosphere-climate system: towards conceptual models
Колич.характеристики :10 с
Коллективы : RFBR-KKFN [15-41-04300]; Complex Program of SB RAS [II.2, 0360-2015-0002]
Место публикации : V INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON MATHEMATICAL MODELS AND THEIR APPLICATIONS: IOP PUBLISHING LTD, 2017. - Vol. 173: 5th International Workshop on Mathematical Models and their Applications (NOV 07-09, 2016, Krasnoyarsk, RUSSIA). - Ст.UNSP 012005. - (IOP Conference Series-Materials Science and Engineering). - , DOI 10.1088/1757-899X/173/1/012005
Примечания : Cited References:31. - This work was supported by grant RFBR-KKFN No 15-41-04300 and Complex Program of SB RAS No II.2. No 0360-2015-0002.
Предметные рубрики: SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE
1980S REGIME SHIFT
EL-NINO
PACIFIC
Аннотация: Forecasting response of the biosphere and regional ecosystems to observed and expected climate change is the fundamental problem with obvious practical significance. Fundamental non-linearity of the climate system and biosphere makes feasible implementing multiple states and threshold processes in the biosphere-climate system (BCS) in response to gradually increasing influence factor (greenhouse gas concentrations growth). Really time series analysis of global temperature and other global and local parameters indicates the presence of abrupt transitions between stationary states. Identification of the switching mechanisms using general circulation models of the atmosphere and the ocean is associated with the obvious difficulties due to their complexity. Understanding the nature of such switches at qualitative level can be achieved by using a conceptual small-scale models. Some variants of possible mechanisms capable of generating these shifts and simultaneously supporting quasi-stationary periods between them are discussed.
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Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Boyandin A. N., Kazantseva E. A., Varygina D. E., Volova T. G.
Заглавие : Constructing Slow-Release Formulations of Ammonium Nitrate Fertilizer Based on Degradable Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate)
Место публикации : J. Agric. Food Chem.: American Chemical Society, 2017. - Vol. 65, Is. 32. - С. 6745-6752. - ISSN 00218561 (ISSN) , DOI 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b01217
Ключевые слова (''Своб.индексиров.''): ammonium nitrate--degradable poly-3-hydroxybutyrate--embedding--fillers--nitrogen fertilizers--tablets--chemical contamination--ecology--ecosystems--fertilizers--fillers--nitrates--plastic coatings--ammonium nitrate--ammonium nitrate fertilizers--embedding--in-laboratory experiments--poly-3-hydroxybutyrate--slow release fertilizers--tablets--wheat (triticum aestivum l.)--nitrogen fertilizers
Аннотация: The present study describes construction and investigation of experimental formulations of ammonium nitrate embedded in a matrix of degradable natural polymer poly-3-hydroxybutyrate [P(3HB)] and P(3HB) blended with wood flour shaped as tablets, some of them coated with P(3HB). Kinetics of ammonium release into soil as dependent on the composition of the polymer matrix was investigated in laboratory experiments. The rates of fertilizer release from formulations coated with a biopolymer layer were considerably (two months or longer) slower than the rates of fertilizer release from uncoated formulations, while release from polymer and composite (polymer/wood flour) formulations occurred with comparable rates. The use of the experimental formulations in laboratory ecosystems with wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) was more effective than application of free ammonium nitrate. The advantage of the slow-release fertilizer formulations is that they are buried in soil together with the seeds, and the fertilizer remains effective over the first three months of plant growth. The use of such slow-release formulations will reduce the amounts of chemicals released into the environment, which will curb their accumulation in food chains of ecosystems and mitigate their adverse effects on the biosphere. © 2017 American Chemical Society.
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10.

Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Volova T. G., Prudnikova S. V., Boyandin A. N.
Заглавие : Biodegradable poly-3-hydroxybutyrate as a fertiliser carrier
Место публикации : J. Sci. Food Agric. - 2016. - С. 4183-4193. - ISSN 00225142 (ISSN) , DOI 10.1002/jsfa.7621
Ключевые слова (''Своб.индексиров.''): biodegradable polymers--controlled delivery systems--fertilisers--polyhydroxyakanoates
Аннотация: BACKGROUND: Increasing use of mineral fertilisers can lead to accumulation of fertilisers in soil, water and foodstuffs. One of the approaches to preventing these problems is to develop controlled release forms of fertilisers. RESULTS: Experimental formulations of the nitrogen fertiliser urea loaded in a degradable matrix of the natural polymer poly-3-hydroxybutyrate (P3HB) in the form of films, pellets and coated granules were constructed and investigated. Nitrogen release into soil occurred as the polymer was degraded, and it was dependent on the geometry of the carrier and the amount of nitrogen loaded in it, showing that nitrogen release can last for 30 days or longer and that release rates can be controlled by varying the fabrication technique employed. P3HB/urea formulations have a favourable effect on the soil microbial community. The use of embedded urea has a beneficial influence on the growth of creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera) and lettuce (Latuca sativa) and reduces removal of nitrogen with drain water. CONCLUSION: The slow-release nitrogen formulations developed in this study can be buried in soil together with seeds preventing nitrogen deficiency. The use of such slow-release formulations can decrease the amounts of chemicals in the environment and prevent their adverse effects on the biosphere. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
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Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Boyandin A. N., Zhila N. O., Kiselev E. G., Volova T. G.
Заглавие : Constructing Slow-Release Formulations of Metribuzin Based on Degradable Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate)
Место публикации : J. Agric. Food Chem. - 2016. - Vol. 64, Is. 28. - С. 5625-5632. - ISSN 00218561 (ISSN) , DOI 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b05896
Ключевые слова (''Своб.индексиров.''): controlled release--degradable poly(3-hydroxybutyrate)--herbicide--metribuzin--release kinetics--polyethylene glycols--weed control--controlled release--environmental release--herbicide release--laboratory system--matrix formulation--metribuzin--poly-3-hydroxybutyrate--release kinetics--herbicides
Аннотация: Experimental formulations of herbicide metribuzin embedded in matrices of degradable natural polymer poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (P3HB) and its composites with poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG), poly-?-caprolactone (PCL), and wood powder have been prepared in the form of pressed pellets containing 75% polymeric basis (pure P3HB or its composite with a second component at a ratio of 7:3) and 25% metribuzin. Incubation of formulations in soil laboratory systems led to the degradation of the matrix and herbicide release. The most active release of metribuzin (about 60% of the embedded herbicide over 35 days) was detected for the P3HB/PEG carrier compared to the P3HB, P3HB/wood, and P3HB/PCL forms (30-40%). Thus, the study shows that herbicide release can be controlled by the matrix formulation. Metribuzin formulations exerted a significant herbicidal effect on the plant Agrostis stolonifera, used as a weed plant model. Application of these long-term formulations will make it possible to reduce environmental release of chemicals, which will restrict the rate of their accumulation in trophic chains of ecosystems and abate their adverse effects on the biosphere. © 2016 American Chemical Society.
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12.

Вид документа : Статья из сборника (выпуск продолж. издания)
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Gitelson J. I., Degermendzhy A. G.
Заглавие : Evolution and present status of experimental manned ecological systems for long-term human life support - Bios, developed by the institute of biophysics of Russian academy of sciences in Krasnoyarsk (Siberia)
Место публикации : Proceedings of the International Astronautical Congress, IAC: International Astronautical Federation, IAF, 2015. - Vol. 1: 66th International Astronautical Congress 2015: Space - The Gateway for Mankind's Future, IAC 2015 (12 October 2015 through 16 October 2015, ) Conference code: 122921. - С. 243-250
Ключевые слова (''Своб.индексиров.''): arid regions--biochemistry--biospherics--plant shutdowns--proteins--reconfigurable hardware--closed ecological systems--corrective actions--essential proteins--extreme conditions--human intelligence--long-term experiments--physiological effects--russian academy of sciences--ecology
Аннотация: Closed ecological systems are of two-fold interest - as models of the Earth's biosphere explorable in experiments and as a facility for long-term autonomous human life support beyond the Earth. Theoretical analysis and experimental implementation of highly closed manned systems has been the subject of studies at the Institute of Biophysics (Russian Academy of Sciences, Siberian Branch) for many years. BIOS systems of increasing complexity with complete regeneration of atmosphere, water and partially food have been realized. In BIOS-3 experiments the system inhabited by 2-3 researchers for 4-6 months maintained its metabolic equilibrium without any negative physiological effect on the crew, which proves its sustainable condition. Specific for BIOS-3 is internal control by the people inhabiting the system. So, BIOS-3 is the first experimental implementation of V.l. Vernadsky's idea about the noosphere - habitable Biosphere controlled by human intelligence. Contrary to predictions of many environmentalists the closedness of the ecosystem is a factor that does not reduce, but increases its sustainability and makes its use for reliable life support outside the Earth realistic. The system is sustainable owing to permanent feedback between the monitoring of few key parameters of the system and automatic corrective actions on them. Main object of control is photo-biosynthesis regenerating parameters of human habitat disturbed by his vital activities. This principle has been realized in BIOS system and proved its reliability in long-term experiments. A new challenge is specified-optimal increase of trophic closedness of the system by reproduction within it essential proteins (peptides and amino acids), lipids, vitamins and other essential compounds. Alternative lines of attack on this problem by state-of-the-art biotechnological methods, GMO including, are under analysis. Reduced BIOS version - without complete closure - can be a breakthrough instrument to improve the quality of life of people living under extreme conditions on the Earth - in polar latitudes (Arctic, Antarctic), in deserts, in high mountains.
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13.

Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Pechurkin N.S., Shuvaev A.N.
Заглавие : The general evolution of energy–matter interactions on earth: From a gas whirlwind to a technogenic civilization
Место публикации : Biophysics. - 2015. - Vol. 60, Is. 2. - С. 331-334. - ISSN 00063509 (ISSN) , DOI 10.1134/S0006350915020153
Ключевые слова (''Своб.индексиров.''): biosphere--energy transfer--evolution--animalia--mammalia--protozoa
Аннотация: An idea of the general evolution through the long-term response of the Earth to the external flow of radiant energy from the Sun is proposed. Due to the finiteness of matter on Earth, as well as on any other planet, the continuous pumping flow of radiant energy has been shown to lead to cyclization of transformations and mass transfer along the emerging gradients. The evolution of the energy–matter interaction follows the pathway of capturing and transferring more energy by a smaller quantity of matter, i.e., the pathway of the increase in the amount of energy used by each unit mass. According to this parameter, the least effective mass transfer is a simple transfer as vortices of gases along the gradients of temperature and pressure, which took place on the primary surface of the planet. Long-term natural selection towards water accumulation on the planet has played a special role in the development of the interaction between energy and matter. Phase transitions (ice, water, and vapor) and mechanical transfers are the most common energy–matter processes. Chemical transformation of substances became possible based on water cycles, cyclic transfers, and transformations and developed with time into biological transformation. This type of energy–matter interaction is the most efficient. In particular, the energy of our star is captured during photosynthesis and utilized in the most active region of its radiation spectrum. During the biological evolution of heterotrophs, a increase in the coefficient that characterizes the energy exchange intensity from protozoa to mammals by several hundred times is most illustrative. The development and current dominance of humans as the species that is most active in the capturing of energy and meaningful organization of its new flows, in particular, based on the organic debris of former biospheres, is amazing but quite natural from the energy standpoint. During the technological evolution of humankind, the energy-exchange intensity for homoiotherms (warm-blooded animals) has increased by 20 times if it is recalculated for the technological energy that is used by the average inhabitant of the Earth. Thus, the victory of our species in planetary evolution fits well into the mainstream of the general evolution through energy–matter interactions: a multiple increase in star energy has been used to transform the matter on the surface of the irradiated planet. © 2015, Pleiades Publishing, Inc.
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14.

Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Gladyshev M.I., Sushchik N.N., Makhutova O.N.
Заглавие : Production of EPA and DHA in aquatic ecosystems and their transfer to the land
Место публикации : Prostaglandins and Other Lipid Mediators. - 2013. - ISSN 10988823 (ISSN) , DOI 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2013.03.002
Ключевые слова (''Своб.индексиров.''): aquatic ecosystems--docosahexaenoic acid--eicosapentaenoic acid--trophic transfer efficiency
Аннотация: Most omnivorous animals, including humans, have to some degree relied on physiologically important polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) from food. Only some taxa of microalgae, rather than higher plants can synthesize de novo high amounts of EPA and DHA. Once synthesized by microalgae, PUFA are transferred through trophic chain to organisms of higher levels. Thus, aquatic ecosystems play the unique role in the Biosphere as the principal source of EPA and DHA for most omnivorous animals, including inhabitants of terrestrial ecosystems. PUFA are transferred from aquatic to terrestrial ecosystems through riparian predators, drift of carrion and seaweeds, emergence of amphibiotic insects, and water birds. The essential PUFA are transferred through trophic chains with about twice higher efficiency than bulk carbon. Thereby, PUFA are accumulated, rather than diluted in biomass of organisms of higher trophic levels, e.g., in fish. Mankind is faced with a severe deficiency of EPA and DHA in diet. Although additional sources of PUFA supply for humans, such as aquaculture, biotechnology of microorganisms and transgenic terrestrial oil-seed producing plants are developed, natural fish production of aquatic ecosystems will remain one of the main sources of EPA and DHA for humans. Aquatic ecosystems have to be protected from anthropogenic impacts, such as eutrophication, pollution and warming, which reduce PUFA production. В© 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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15.

Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Gladyshev M.I., Sushchik N.N., Makhutova O.N.
Заглавие : Production of EPA and DHA in aquatic ecosystems and their transfer to the land
Коллективы : Russian Foundation for Basic Research (RFBR) [11-04-00168, 12-05-00298]; project B-15 of Siberian Federal University
Место публикации : Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat.: ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC, 2013. - Vol. 107. - С. 117-126. - 10. - ISSN 1098-8823, DOI 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2013.03.002
Примечания : Cited References: 129. - This work was supported by grants of Russian Foundation for Basic Research (RFBR) No. 11-04-00168 and No. 12-05-00298, and also by the project B-15 of Siberian Federal University, carried out according to Federal Tasks of Ministry of Education and Science of Russian Federation. We are grateful to two anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments to improve the manuscript.
Предметные рубрики: POLYUNSATURATED FATTY-ACIDS
FRESH-WATER FISH
EICOSAPENTAENOIC ACID
DOCOSAHEXAENOIC ACID
YENISEI RIVER
BIOTECHNOLOGICAL PRODUCTION
ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL
CAENORHABDITIS-ELEGANS
MICROBIAL COMMUNITY
THYMALLUS-ARCTICUS
Ключевые слова (''Своб.индексиров.''): eicosapentaenoic acid--docosahexaenoic acid--aquatic ecosystems--trophic transfer efficiency
Аннотация: Most omnivorous animals, including humans, have to some degree relied on physiologically important polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) from food. Only some taxa of microalgae, rather than higher plants can synthesize de novo high amounts of EPA and DHA. Once synthesized by microalgae, PUFA are transferred through trophic chain to organisms of higher levels. Thus, aquatic ecosystems play the unique role in the Biosphere as the principal source of EPA and DHA for most omnivorous animals, including inhabitants of terrestrial ecosystems. PUFA are transferred from aquatic to terrestrial ecosystems through riparian predators, drift of carrion and seaweeds, emergence of amphibiotic insects, and water birds. The essential PUFA are transferred through trophic chains with about twice higher efficiency than bulk carbon. Thereby, PUFA are accumulated, rather than diluted in biomass of organisms of higher trophic levels, e.g., in fish. Mankind is faced with a severe deficiency of EPA and DHA in diet. Although additional sources of PUFA supply for humans, such as aquaculture, biotechnology of microorganisms and transgenic terrestrial oil-seed producing plants are developed, natural fish production of aquatic ecosystems will remain one of the main sources of EPA and DHA for humans. Aquatic ecosystems have to be protected from anthropogenic impacts, such as eutrophication, pollution and warming, which reduce PUFA production. (C) 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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16.

Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Bartsev S.I., Degermendzhi A.G., Fedotov A.M., Medvedev S.B., Pestunov A.I., Pestunov I.A.
Заглавие : The biosphere trigger mechanism in the minimal model for the global carbon cycle of the Earth
Место публикации : Dokl. Earth Sci.: MAIK NAUKA/INTERPERIODICA/SPRINGER, 2012. - Vol. 443, Is. 2. - С. 489-492. - 4. - ISSN 1028-334X, DOI 10.1134/S1028334X12040010
Примечания : Cited References: 15. - This work was supported by the Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Integration Project no. 50.
Предметные рубрики: CLIMATE
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17.

Вид документа : Статья из сборника (однотомник)
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Bartsev S.I., Degermendzhi A.G., Okhonin V.A., Saltykov M.Y.
Заглавие : An Integrated Approach to the Assessment of an Ecological Impact of Industrial Products and Processes
Место публикации : 18TH BIENNIAL ISEM CONFERENCE ON ECOLOGICAL MODELLING FOR GLOBAL CHANGE AND COUPLED HUMAN AND NATURAL SYSTEM. Ser. Procedia Environmental Sciences: ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV, 2012. - Vol. 13: 18th Biennial ISEM Conference on Ecological Modelling for Global Change and Coupled Human and Natural Systems (SEP 20-23, 2011, Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA). - С. 837-846. - 10. - ISBN 1878-0296, DOI 10.1016/j.proenv.2012.01.077
Примечания : Cited References: 2
Ключевые слова (''Своб.индексиров.''): ecology--sustable development
Аннотация: Since almost any waste recycling requires non-zero resources, almost any technology exerts non-zero impact on the biosphere. Therefore, there is an objective of finding technological configuration providing a minimal harmful effect on the biosphere. Correct assessment of the harmful effect requires as broad a framework of consideration as possible. A comparison of ecological impacts of gasoline and electric vehicles was conducted as an example of applying this approach. The contribution of technological processes involved into production, usage, and disposal of vehicles was taken into account. Comparison of the total environmental impact of the vehicles has led to a result that differs radically from widely distributed points of view about the environmental benefits of electric vehicles. It indicates that the use of the proposed approach can significantly change perceptions about the environmental and economic efficiency of various industrial products and processes. (C) 2011 Published by Elsevier B. V. Selection and/or peer-review under responsibility of School of Environment, Beijing Normal University.
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18.

Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Chernetskiy M., Pasko I., Shevyrnogov A., Slyusar N., Khodyayev A.
Заглавие : A study of forest vegetation dynamics in the south of the Krasnoyarskii Krai in spring
Место публикации : Advances in Space Research. - 2011. - Vol. 48, Is. 5. - С. 819-825. - ISSN 02731177 (ISSN) , DOI 10.1016/j.asr.2011.04.032
Ключевые слова (''Своб.индексиров.''): evi--forestry--modis--ndvi--remote sensing--vegetation phenology--accurate measurement--annual time series--carbon exchange--data series--dynamic state--enhanced vegetation index--evi--forest vegetation--global scale--growth dynamics--interannual variability--moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer--modis--ndvi--normalized difference vegetation index--principal components analysis--remote sensing applications--remote sensing data--satellite data--spatial structure--spring season--terrestrial ecosystems--vegetation dynamics--vegetation phenology--biology--climate models--dynamics--ecosystems--estimation--forestry--monitoring--principal component analysis--radiometers--remote sensing--satellite imagery--timber--time series--user interfaces--vegetation--carbon--ecosystems--forests--image analysis--plants--remote sensing--time series analysis
Аннотация: Remote sensing applications have greatly enhanced ability to monitor and manage in the areas of forestry. Accurate measurements of regional and global scale vegetation dynamics (phenology) are required to improve models and understanding of inter-annual variability in terrestrial ecosystem carbon exchange and climate-biosphere interactions. Study of vegetation phenology is required for understanding of variability in ecosystem. In this paper, monitoring of vegetation dynamics using time series of satellite data is presented. Vegetation variability (vegetation rate) in different topoclimatic areas is investigated. Original software using IDL interactive language for processing of satellite long-term data series was developed. To investigate growth dynamics vegetation rate inferred from remote sensing was used. All estimations based on annual time series of Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) imagery. Vegetation rate for Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) was calculated using MODIS data. The time series covers spring seasons of each of 9 years, from 2000 to 2008. Comparison of EVI and NDVI derived growth rates has shown that NDVI derived rates reveal spatial structure better. Using long-term data of vegetation rates variance was estimated that helps to reveal areas with anomalous growth rate. Such estimation shows sensitivity degree of different areas to different topoclimatic conditions. Woods of heights depend on spatial topoclimatic variability unlike woods of lowlands. Principal components analysis shows vegetation with different rate conditions. Also it reveals vegetation of same type in areas with different conditions. It was demonstrated that using of methods for estimating the dynamic state of vegetation based on remote sensing data enables successful monitoring of vegetation phenology. В© 2011 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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19.

Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Pechurkin N.S., Somova L.A.
Заглавие : "Biospherics" approach for studies of natural and artificial ecosystems
Место публикации : Advances in Space Research. - 2008. - Vol. 41, Is. 5. - С. 691-695. - ISSN 02731177 (ISSN) , DOI 10.1016/j.asr.2007.09.021
Ключевые слова (''Своб.индексиров.''): biospherics--biotic turnover--limiting substance--natural and artificial ecosystems--biogeochemistry--ecosystems--mathematical models--artificial ecosystems--energy fluxes--biospherics
Аннотация: The main unifying feature of natural and artificial ecosystems is their biotic turnover (cycling) of substances which is induced with energy fluxes. A new integrating scientific discipline - Biospherics - studies biotic cycles (both in experiments and in mathematical models) of different degree of closure and complexity. By its origin, Biospherics is to be connected with extensive studies of Biosphere by Russian academician Vladimir Vernadsky. He developed and used "empirical generalizations" based on innumerous observations, comparisons and reflections. His "bio-geo-chemical principles" of Biosphere and ecosystems development have more qualitative than quantitative nature. Quantitative criteria to evaluate the efficiency of natural and artificial ecosystems are to take into account energy fluxes and their use in ecosystems of different types. At least, three of them are of value for estimation of natural and artificial ecosystems' functional activities. Energy principle of extensive development (EPED), energy principle of intensive development (EPID) and main universal (generalized) criterion (MUC). The last criterion (Principle) characterizes the specific cycling rate of limiting chemical elements in multi-organism systems, developing under external energy fluxes. Its value can be a quantitative measure of effectiveness for every ecosystem functioning, including our global Biosphere. Different examples of these (above-mentioned) integrated criteria actions are presented and analyzed in the paper. В© 2007 COSPAR.
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20.

Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Bartsev S.I., Degermendzhi A.G., Erokhin D.V.
Заглавие : Principle of the worst scenario in the modelling past and future of biosphere dynamics
Место публикации : Ecological Modelling. - 2008. - Vol. 216, Is. 2. - С. 160-171. - ISSN 03043800 (ISSN) , DOI 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2008.03.002
Ключевые слова (''Своб.индексиров.''): irreversible biosphere changes--minimal model of biosphere--the worst scenario principle--biospherics--agricultural land--anthropogenic effect--atmosphere-biosphere interaction--carbon dioxide--deforestation--little ice age--numerical model--eurasia--europe
Аннотация: The "biosphere-climate" system is subjected to different influences (influx of anthropogenic CO2 and pollutants, deforestation, harmful land management, biological species depopulation, etc.). Therefore, the vital question arises: "Can these influences lead to irreversible negative changes in the climate-biosphere system or a global ecological catastrophe?" The possibility of irreversible changes may be not very high, but one cannot ignore it. So the main aim of our investigation is to evaluate possible consequences of human impact on the biosphere focusing on irreversible changes of it. Traditional mathematical complicated models describe the biosphere in great detail, but the large number of equations and parameters leads to accumulation of uncertainties in the forecast due to inevitable uncertainties of experimental estimations of model parameters. An approach based on the principle of the worst scenario was proposed. Minimization of mathematical model with respect to this principle is conducted to study limiting (but possible) versions of models in which the contribution of the possible compensatory and smoothing mechanisms is minimal. Namely the most unfavorable scenarios (corresponding to the values of parameters at the boundaries of confidence interval) have to be considered in estimating consequences of anthropogenic impact. One of the fastest CO2 releasing mechanisms, based on the positive feedback effect, was considered in the context of the worst scenario principle. The family of simple mathematical models was created for biosphere dynamics representation on different timescales. The main result of the investigation consists in confirmation of the possibility of negative and irreversible changes in the "biosphere-climate" system, caused by amplification of the positive feedback: "anthropogenic emission of CO2 - temperature increase - additional CO2 emission due to decomposition of soil organics". Crucial parameters of models, responsible for avalanche-like biosphere changes, are determined. A realizability of hypotheses on anthropogenic causes of Little Ice Age was estimated by corresponding minimal model. Model were used to show the feasibility of the mechanism describing the changing of agricultural field species into indigenous forests in Europe during the Plague, which led to CO2 decrease and temperature fall. В© 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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