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Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Borisova V.V., Frank L.A., Markova S.V., Burakova L.P., Vysotski E.S.
Заглавие : Recombinant Metridia luciferase isoforms: expression, refolding and applicability for in vitro assay
Колич.характеристики :7 с
Коллективы :
Место публикации : Photochem. Photobiol. Sci.: ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY, 2008. - Vol. 7, Is. 9. - С. 1025-1031. - ISSN 1474-905X, DOI 10.1039/b807271j
Примечания : Cited References: 19. - The work was supported by Bayer AG, by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research grants 05-04-48271 and 06-04-08076, by the joint grant 06-04-89502 of the Russian Foundation for Basic Research and Taiwan National Science Council, and by the "Molecular and Cellular Biology" program of the Russian Academy of Sciences.
Предметные рубрики: BIOLUMINESCENT REPORTER
GAUSSIA LUCIFERASE
CDNA
PROTEINS
CLONING
OVEREXPRESSION
PURIFICATION
MUTAGENESIS
ENZYME
OBELIN
Аннотация: The recombinant coelenterazine-dependent luciferases (isoforms MLuc 164 and MLuc39) from the marine copepod Metridia longa were expressed as inclusion bodies in E. coli cells, dissolved in 6 M guanidinium chloride and folded in conditions developed for proteins containing intramolecular disulfide bonds. One of them (MLuc09) was obtained in an active monomeric form with a high yield. The luciferase bioluminescence is found to be initiated not only by free coelenterazine, but also by Ca2+-dependent coelenterazine-binding protein (CBP) of Renilla muelleri on Ca2+ addition. The use of CBP as a "substrate" provides higher light emission and simultaneously the lower level of background. The high purity MLuc39 can be detected down to attomol with a linear range extending over 5 orders of magnitude. The MLuc39 reveals also a high stability towards heating and chemical modification; the chemically synthesized biotinylated derivatives of the luciferase preserve 35-40% of the initial activity The luciferase applicability as an in vitro bioluminescent reporter is demonstrated in model tandem bioluminescent solid-phase microassay combining the Ca2+-regulated photoprotein obelin and the Metridia luciferase.
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Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : FURYAEVA A.V., SAUBENOVA M.G., PUZYREVSKAYA O.M., MUKHAMEDIEVA U.S., TUSHKOVA G.I., PISMAN T.I., PECHURKIN N.S.
Заглавие : EFFECT OF INHIBITING SODIUM-CHLORIDE CONCENTRATIONS ON THE GROWTH OF CANDIDA-TROPICALIS UNDER CONTINUOUS PH-STAT CULTURING CONDITIONS
Колич.характеристики :6 с
Место публикации : Microbiology: MAIK NAUKA/INTERPERIODICA, 1985. - Vol. 54, Is. 6. - С. 708-713. - ISSN 0026-2617
Примечания : Cited References: 18
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Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Rodionova N.S., Petushkov V.N.
Заглавие : Effect of different salts and detergents on luciferin-luciferase luminescence of the enchytraeid Fridericia heliota
Место публикации : Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology. - 2006. - Vol. 83, Is. 2. - С. 123-128. - ISSN 10111344 (ISSN) , DOI 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2005.12.014
Ключевые слова (''Своб.индексиров.''): atp--bioluminescence--earthworms--ions--luciferin-luciferase systems--triton x-100--adenosine triphosphate--anion--bromine--calcium ion--carbonic acid--cation--chloride--chromium derivative--detergent--dodecyl sulfate sodium--inorganic salt--iodine--iron derivative--luciferase--luciferin--magnesium ion--manganese--nitrate--phosphate--sulfate--sulfite--triton x 100--annelid worm--article--bioluminescence--concentration (parameters)--controlled study--enzyme activation--enzyme activity--enzyme inhibition--enzyme mechanism--in vitro study--nonhuman--priority journal--qualitative analysis--quantitative analysis--adenosine triphosphate--animals--cations, divalent--cations, monovalent--detergents--firefly luciferin--kinetics--luciferases--luminescence--metals--oligochaeta--photobiology--salts--annelida--clitellata--earthworms (sp.)--enchytraeidae--fridericia heliota--oligochaeta (metazoa)--pheretima sieboldi
Аннотация: The study addresses the effect produced by different inorganic salts and detergents (SDS, Triton X-100, the Tween series) on the ATP-dependent bioluminescent reaction catalyzed by the luciferase of the new earthworm species Fridericia heliota (Annelida: Clitellata: Oligochaeta: Enchytraeidae). It has been shown that the effect of divalent metal salts on luminescence is determined by the action of cations. Three of them - Mg2+, Mn2+ and Ca2+ - can stimulate luciferase activity at concentrations varying within a wide range, and Mn2+ can act as a 100%-effective substitute for Mg2+ in F. heliota luminescence reaction in vitro. The inhibitory effect of monovalent metal salts on luminescence is largely determined by the action of the anion part of the molecule. The effectiveness of the inhibitory effect of anions increases in the following order: {Mathematical expression}. Of the sodium salts, dodecyl sulfate, which is an anionic detergent, produces the strongest inhibitory effect on luciferase. On the contrary, nonionic detergents produce a stimulatory effect on the F. heliota luciferase. The action of the most effective of them - Triton X-100 - is determined by its ability to reduce the actual concentration of lipid inhibitors in the reaction mixture. В© 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Vysotski E.S., Trofimov K.P., Bondar' V.S., Gitelson J.I.
Заглавие : Luminescence of Ca(2+)-activated photoprotein obelin initiated by NaOCl and MnCl2.
Место публикации : Journal of bioluminescence and chemiluminescence. - 1993. - Vol. 8, Is. 6. - С. 301-305. - ISSN 08843996 (ISSN)
Ключевые слова (''Своб.индексиров.''): calcium--chloride--hypochlorite sodium--manganese chloride--manganese derivative--obelin--photoprotein--article--chemistry--drug effect--kinetics--luminescence--metabolism--calcium--chlorides--kinetics--luminescence--luminescent proteins--manganese compounds--sodium hypochlorite
Аннотация: The luminescence of obelin is initiated by NaOCl in a reaction mixture containing no calcium. The addition of Mn2+ enhances the light emission 300-fold. Sodium azide and histidine, as singlet oxygen quenchers, inhibit NaOCl-activated obelin luminescence in the presence or absence of Mn2+. This suggests that the addition of NaOCl to the mixture causes singlet oxygen formation (stimulated by Mn2+ ions), and singlet oxygen initiates the light-emitting reaction.
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Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Boyandin A.N., Lobova T.I., Popova L.Yu., Pechurkin N.S.
Заглавие : Survival and alteration of the plasmid-containing microorganism Escherichia coli Z905/pPHL7 introduced into manmade closed aquatic microcosms
Место публикации : Advances in Space Research. - 2003. - Vol. 31, Is. 7. - С. 1763-1768. - ISSN 02731177 (ISSN) , DOI 10.1016/S0273-1177(03)00118-2
Ключевые слова (''Своб.индексиров.''): cells--escherichia coli--salts--recombinant plamid--space research--ampicillin--chloride--inorganic salt--magnesium--mineral--potassium--sodium--sulfate--genetically modified organism--article--bacterial count--chemoluminescence--culture medium--drug effect--escherichia coli--genetics--growth, development and aging--microbiology--microclimate--penicillin resistance--plasmid--russian federation--transgenic organism--ampicillin--ampicillin resistance--chemiluminescent measurements--chlorides--colony count, microbial--culture media--ecological systems, closed--escherichia coli--magnesium--minerals--organisms, genetically modified--plasmids--potassium--russia--salts--sodium--sulfates--water microbiology
Аннотация: It has been demonstrated that the transgenic microorganism Escherichia coli Z905/pPHL7 (Ap'Lux+) can exist for a long time at an elevated concentration of mineral salts. The microorganism was introduced into microcosms with sterile brackish water (salinity variable from 21 to 22 g 1-1) taken from Lake Shira (Khakasia, Russia). The survivof the microorganism was estimated both by measuring the growth of the colonies on solid nutrient media and by the bioluminescence exhibited by the transgenic strain in samples from the microcosms and in the enrichment culture with the added selective factor - ampicillin (50 ?g/ml). In the enrichment culture, the bioluminescent signal was registered through the 160-day experiment. It has been shown that in the closed microcosms with brackish water the E. coli strain becomes heterogeneous in its ampicillin resistance. The populations of the transgenic strain were mainly represented by isolates able to persist in the medium containing 50 ?g/ml, but there were also the cells (about 10%) with the threshold of ampicillin resistance not more than 0.05 ?g/ml. Thus, it was shown that in the microcosms with brackish water and in the absence of the selective factor the transgenic strain survives and retains the recombinant plasmid. В© 2003 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
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Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Boyandin A.N., Lobova T.I., Yu Krylova T., Kargatova T.V., Yu Popova L., Pechurkin N.S.
Заглавие : Effect of salinity on the adaptive capacity of recombinant strains of escherichia coli and bacillus subtilis
Место публикации : Mikrobiologiya. - 2000. - Vol. 69, Is. 2. - С. 243-247. - ISSN 00263656 (ISSN)
Ключевые слова (''Своб.индексиров.''): genetically modified microorganisms--salinity--salt resistance--sodium chloride--adaptation--article--bacillus subtilis--electrolyte balance--escherichia coli--genetic recombination--genetics--physiology--adaptation, biological--bacillus subtilis--escherichia coli--recombination, genetic--sodium chloride--water-electrolyte balance
Аннотация: Effect of different concentrations of salts on natural and recombinant strains of Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli was studied. The recombinant strain of B. subtilis was found to be more osmotolerant than the wild-type strain of this bacterium, whereas the opposite situation was observed for the recombinant and wildtype strains of E. coli. Some salts exerted a bacteriostatic effect on E. coli and B. subtilis. The adaptive capacity of recombinant strains depended on the number of plasmid copies in the cells. The introduction of recombinant bacteria into model ecosystems resulted in the generation of their variants with increased osmotolerance.
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Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Huser, Brian J., Futter, Martyn N., Bogan, Daniel, Brittain, John E., Culp, Joseph M., Goedkoop, Willem, Gribovskaya, Iliada, Karlsson, Jan, Lau, Danny C. P., Ruhland, Kathleen M., Schartau, Ann Kristin, Shaftel, Rebecca, Smol, John P., Vrede, Tobias, Lento, Jennifer
Заглавие : Spatial and temporal variation in Arctic freshwater chemistry-Reflecting climate-induced landscape alterations and a changing template for biodiversity
Колич.характеристики :16 с
Коллективы : Environment and Climate Change Canada; Cumulative Impact Monitoring Program, Government of Northwest Territories
Место публикации : Freshw. Biol.: WILEY, 2020. - Article in press. - ISSN 0046-5070, DOI 10.1111/fwb.13645. - ISSN 1365-2427(eISSN)
Примечания : Cited References:98. - Environment and Climate Change Canada; Cumulative Impact Monitoring Program, Government of Northwest Territories
Предметные рубрики: DISSOLVED ORGANIC-CARBON
PERMAFROST THAW
CHEMICAL LIMNOLOGY
Аннотация: Freshwater chemistry across the circumpolar region was characterised using a pan-Arctic data set from 1,032 lake and 482 river stations. Temporal trends were estimated for Early (1970-1985), Middle (1986-2000), and Late (2001-2015) periods. Spatial patterns were assessed using data collected since 2001. Alkalinity, pH, conductivity, sulfate, chloride, sodium, calcium, and magnesium (major ions) were generally higher in the northern-most Arctic regions than in the Near Arctic (southern-most) region. In particular, spatial patterns in pH, alkalinity, calcium, and magnesium appeared to reflect underlying geology, with more alkaline waters in the High Arctic and Sub Arctic, where sedimentary bedrock dominated. Carbon and nutrients displayed latitudinal trends, with lower levels of dissolved organic carbon (DOC), total nitrogen, and (to a lesser extent) total phosphorus (TP) in the High and Low Arctic than at lower latitudes. Significantly higher nutrient levels were observed in systems impacted by permafrost thaw slumps. Bulk temporal trends indicated that TP was higher during the Late period in the High Arctic, whereas it was lower in the Near Arctic. In contrast, DOC and total nitrogen were both lower during the Late period in the High Arctic sites. Major ion concentrations were higher in the Near, Sub, and Low Arctic during the Late period, but the opposite bulk trend was found in the High Arctic. Significant pan-Arctic temporal trends were detected for all variables, with the most prevalent being negative TP trends in the Near and Sub Arctic, and positive trends in the High and Low Arctic (mean trends ranged from +0.57%/year in the High/Low Arctic to -2.2%/year in the Near Arctic), indicating widespread nutrient enrichment at higher latitudes and oligotrophication at lower latitudes. The divergent P trends across regions may be explained by changes in deposition and climate, causing decreased catchment transport of P in the south (e.g. increased soil binding and trapping in terrestrial vegetation) and increased P availability in the north (deepening of the active layer of the permafrost and soil/sediment sloughing). Other changes in concentrations of major ions and DOC were consistent with projected effects of ongoing climate change. Given the ongoing warming across the Arctic, these region-specific changes are likely to have even greater effects on Arctic water quality, biota, ecosystem function and services, and human well-being in the future.
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Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Huser B. J., Futter M. N., Bogan D., Brittain J. E., Culp J. M., Goedkoop W., Gribovskaya I., Karlsson J., Lau D. C.P., Ruhland K. M., Schartau A. K., Shaftel R., Smol J. P., Vrede T., Lento J.
Заглавие : Spatial and temporal variation in Arctic freshwater chemistry—Reflecting climate-induced landscape alterations and a changing template for biodiversity
Место публикации : Freshw. Biol.: Blackwell Publishing Ltd, 2020. - Article in press. - ISSN 00465070 (ISSN), DOI 10.1111/fwb.13645
Аннотация: Freshwater chemistry across the circumpolar region was characterised using a pan-Arctic data set from 1,032 lake and 482 river stations. Temporal trends were estimated for Early (1970–1985), Middle (1986–2000), and Late (2001–2015) periods. Spatial patterns were assessed using data collected since 2001. Alkalinity, pH, conductivity, sulfate, chloride, sodium, calcium, and magnesium (major ions) were generally higher in the northern-most Arctic regions than in the Near Arctic (southern-most) region. In particular, spatial patterns in pH, alkalinity, calcium, and magnesium appeared to reflect underlying geology, with more alkaline waters in the High Arctic and Sub Arctic, where sedimentary bedrock dominated. Carbon and nutrients displayed latitudinal trends, with lower levels of dissolved organic carbon (DOC), total nitrogen, and (to a lesser extent) total phosphorus (TP) in the High and Low Arctic than at lower latitudes. Significantly higher nutrient levels were observed in systems impacted by permafrost thaw slumps. Bulk temporal trends indicated that TP was higher during the Late period in the High Arctic, whereas it was lower in the Near Arctic. In contrast, DOC and total nitrogen were both lower during the Late period in the High Arctic sites. Major ion concentrations were higher in the Near, Sub, and Low Arctic during the Late period, but the opposite bulk trend was found in the High Arctic. Significant pan-Arctic temporal trends were detected for all variables, with the most prevalent being negative TP trends in the Near and Sub Arctic, and positive trends in the High and Low Arctic (mean trends ranged from +0.57%/year in the High/Low Arctic to ?2.2%/year in the Near Arctic), indicating widespread nutrient enrichment at higher latitudes and oligotrophication at lower latitudes. The divergent P trends across regions may be explained by changes in deposition and climate, causing decreased catchment transport of P in the south (e.g. increased soil binding and trapping in terrestrial vegetation) and increased P availability in the north (deepening of the active layer of the permafrost and soil/sediment sloughing). Other changes in concentrations of major ions and DOC were consistent with projected effects of ongoing climate change. Given the ongoing warming across the Arctic, these region-specific changes are likely to have even greater effects on Arctic water quality, biota, ecosystem function and services, and human well-being in the future. © 2020 The Authors. Freshwater Biology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
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Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Lopatina, Tatiana S., Aleksandrova, Yuliyana, V, Anishchenko, Olesya, V, Gribovskaya, Iliada, V, Oskina, Nataliya A., Zotina, Tatiana A., Zadereev, Egor S.
Заглавие : The effect of deicing salt solutes on Moina macrocopa and Allium cepa in a toxicity test experiment
Колич.характеристики :17 с
Коллективы : Russian Foundation for Basic ResearchRussian Foundation for Basic Research (RFBR); Government of Krasnoyarsk Krai; Krasnoyarsk Krai Fund for Supporting Scientific and Scientific-Technical Activities [19-44-240014]
Место публикации : Vestn. Tomsk. Gos. Univ. Biol.: TOMSKIJ GOSUDARSTVENNYI UNIV, 2020. - Is. 51. - С. 162-178. - ISSN 1998-8591, DOI 10.17223/19988591/51/9. - ISSN 2311-2077(eISSN)
Примечания : Cited References:29. - This work was supported by the joint grant from the Russian Foundation for Basic Research, the Government of Krasnoyarsk Krai, and the Krasnoyarsk Krai Fund for Supporting Scientific and Scientific-Technical Activities (Grant No 19-44-240014).
Предметные рубрики: DAPHNIA-MAGNA
NACL SALINITY
ROAD SALTS
WATER
FRESH
CHLORIDE
Аннотация: Chloride salts are the most commonly used deicing materials for winter maintenance of roads. Numerous studies indicate a significant increase in the salinity of aquatic ecosystems associated with the long-term use of deicing materials in countries located in cold climates. The functioning of ecosystems largely depends on salinity, since salinity is one of the key factors determining the species composition, the structure of food webs and the productivity of aquatic communities. Given the growing threat of salinization of groundwater and surface waters, it is extremely important to study the effect of deicing materials on the biota and functioning of aquatic ecosystems. The aim of this research is to determine the threshold concentrations of solutions of the deicing salt mixture "Bionord" containing sodium and calcium chlorides, at which negative effects on the development of animal and plant test objects are observed. In this study, we used the salt-containing mixture "Bionord" as a model deicer. Similarly, with the most commonly used ice melting chemicals, the "Bionord" salt mixture contains a large amount of sodium and calcium chlorides (about 85% of the total weight). To evaluate the toxicity of the deicer solutions, we used acute and chronic toxicity tests with cladoceran Moina macrocopa (Straus, 1820) (Cladocera: Moinidae) and standard onion-based test with Allium cepa L. (Liliopsida: Amaryllidaceae) (Allium-test). In acute and chronic toxicity tests with Cladocera, the females on the first day of their life (body size 0.5-0.6 mm) were placed individually in jars with aged (not less than for 72 h) tap water with a volume of 20 ml with the addition of a deicer at a certain concentration. A group of animals that was placed in the medium without the deicer was used as a control. In the acute toxicity tests, we used the following concentration of the deicer: 1.3; 2.5; 4.0, 5.0; 6.0; 8.0; 10.0 g/l. The mortality of animals was recorded 24 and 48 hours after the start of the experiment. The concentration of the deicer (LC50) at which 50% of animals was observed to die, compared to the control, was determined in the acute toxicity test. In a chronic toxicity test, animals were tested in the following range of concentrations of the deicer: 0.3; 0.6; 1.3; 2.5; 5.0; 6.0 and 8.0 g/l. The chronic toxicity test was conducted until the death of all test animals. Based on the data obtained in the chronic toxicity test, the specific growth rate of juvenile females, average fecundity, and average life span of M. macrocopa were calculated for each concentration of the deicer. Bulbs of onions of the Stuttgartenrisen variety with a diameter of 1.8 +/- 0.1 cm and a weight of 2.27 +/- 0.17 g were used in the onion test. Bulbs with their bottoms were placed in test tubes containing 20 ml of a solute of the deicer or tap water for 48 hours. Three bulbs were tested for each concentration and for the control. The following concentrations of the deicer were used in the onion test: 1.0; 2.5; 5.0; 7.0; 10.0; 15.0; 20.0; 50.0 g/l. The general toxic and cytotoxic effects were evaluated in the onion test. The average root length and the total root length on each bulb were used as indicators of the total toxicity of the solutions of deicer. To evaluate proliferative activity, we calculated the mitotic index as the fraction of dividing cells in the apical root meristem to the total number of cells. Based on the results of the experiments, we determined median effective mixture concentrations (EC50) at which there is a 50% decrease, compared to the control, in the values of root growth indicators: average root length, sum of root lengths on each bulb and mitotic index. Median lethal concentration (LC50) of the deicing salt determined in the 48-hour acute toxicity test with females of Al. macrocopa was equal to 5.1 g/l. In the chronic test, we showed that the exposure to the solutions of the deicing salt in the range of concentrations from 0.3 to 5.0 g/l does not affect the life span, specific growth rate of juveniles and fecundity of females of M. macrocopa. The median effective concentration (EC50) of the deicing salt determined in the Allium-tests were 6.3, 5.2 and 10.4 g/l for the sum of root lengths, average root length on each bulb and proliferative activity at the tips of roots (mitotic index), respectively (See Table 1 and 2). Complete inhibition of onion root growth was observed at the concentration of the decider equal to 20 g/l, while the death of all test animals in the acute toxicity test occurred at the concentration of the deicer equal to 8,0 g/l (See Fig. 1). Thus, we demonstrated that similar concentrations of the deicer induced 50% inhibition of the growth of onion roots and 50% mortality of cladocerans. These values, in general, corresponded to a critical salinity of 5-8 %o above which qualitative changes occur both in the external and internal condition of aquatic animals. The electrical conductivity of the deicer solutions, which had a negative effect on the selected test species, coincides with the previously obtained values of the electrical conductivity of sodium chloride solutions harmful to cladocerans. We can assume that the main mechanism of the effect of the deicing material that we study is associated with the biological effect of its chlorine and sodium salts Taking this into account, the value of electrical conductivity measured for solutions of deicing salt can be used to assess its negative potential effects. We estimated that in the absence of timely cleaning, regulated by the rules for using the material, the runoff from each square meter of the treated surface can lead to the pollution of 8-13 liters of fresh water. Thus, the basic requirement for the use of deicing salts on roads is the need to comply with the cleaning regime of the treated surfaces. Otherwise, the gradual accumulation of sodium and calcium chlorides in water bodies can cause an increase in salinity which will affect the survival of freshwater aquatic organisms and lead to serious disturbances in the functioning of aquatic ecosystems.
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10.

Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Lobova T.I., Zagrebel'nyi S.N., Popova L.Y.
Заглавие : The influence of salt concentration on the copy number of plasmid pSH1 replicating in Micrococcus sp 9
Колич.характеристики :7 с
Место публикации : Microbiology: MAIK NAUKA/INTERPERIODICA, 2005. - Vol. 74, Is. 3. - P296-302. - ISSN 0026-2617, DOI 10.1007/s11021-005-0066-z
Примечания : Cited References: 19
Предметные рубрики: CYANOBACTERIUM-SYNECHOCOCCUS SP
ENDOGENOUS PLASMID
Ключевые слова (''Своб.индексиров.''): saline lakes--halotolerance--heterotrophic bacteria--plasmids
Аннотация: The study of heterotrophic bacteria isolated from the brackish waters of Lake Shira has shown that some of them contain plasmid pSH1 of approximately 2.7 kb in size. The number of plasmid copies in plasmid-containing strains cultivated at a minimal concentration of sodium chloride is found to be low, whereas the sub-culturing of these strains at high salt concentrations increases the plasmid number. The role of natural pSH1 plasmid in the osmotolerance of host bacteria is discussed.
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11.

Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Ranjan, Rajeev, Kirillova, Maria A., Esimbekova, Elena N., Zharkov, Sergey M., Kratasyuk, Valentina A.
Заглавие : Agglomeration behavior of lipid-capped gold nanoparticles
Колич.характеристики :11 с
Коллективы : Russian Foundation for Basic Research [16-34-60100]; [0356-2017-0017]
Место публикации : J. Nanopart. Res.: SPRINGER, 2018. - Vol. 20, Is. 4. - Ст.107. - ISSN 1388-0764, DOI 10.1007/s11051-018-4215-5. - ISSN 1572-896X(eISSN)
Примечания : Cited References:35. - The research was supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research [project no. 16-34-60100] and the state budget allocated to the fundamental research (project no. 0356-2017-0017). The authors thank Prof. Tatiana Volova, Prof. Evgenia Slyusareva, and Ms. Nina Slyusarenko of the Siberian Federal University for their assistance in the zeta potential and zeta-average analysis.
Предметные рубрики: COLORIMETRIC SENSOR ARRAY
OPTICAL-PROPERTIES
AGGREGATION
CANCER
Ключевые слова (''Своб.индексиров.''): gold nanoparticles--ionic interference--agglomeration--stabilization--lipid capping--nanobiotechnology applications
Аннотация: The current investigation deciphers aggregation pattern of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and lipid-treated AuNPs when subjected to aqueous sodium chloride solution with increasing ionic strengths (100-400 nM). AuNPs were synthesized using 0.29 mM chloroauric acid and by varying the concentrations of trisodium citrate (AuNP1 1.55 mM, AuNP2 3.1 mM) and silver nitrate (AuNP3 5.3 mu M, AuNP4 10.6 mu M) with characteristic LSPR peaks in the range of 525-533 nm. TEM analysis revealed AuNPs to be predominantly faceted nanocrystals with the average size of AuNP1 to be 35 +/- 5 nm, AuNP2 15 +/- 5 nm, AuNP3 30 +/- 5 nm, and AuNP4 30 +/- 5 nm and the zeta-average for AuNPs were calculated to be 31.23, 63.80, 26.08, and 28 nm respectively. Induced aggregation was observed within 10 s in all synthesized AuNPs while lipid-treated AuNP2 (AuNP2-L) was found to withstand ionic interferences at all concentration levels. However, lipid-treated AuNPs synthesized using silver nitrate and 1.55 mM trisodium citrate (AuNP3, AuNP4) showed much lower stability. The zeta potential values of lipid-treated AuNPs (AuNP1-L-1x/200, -17.93 +/- 1.02 mV; AuNP2-L-1x/200, -21.63 +/- 0.70; AuNP3-L-1x/200, -14.54 +/- 0.90; AuNP3-L-1x/200 -13.77 +/- 0.83) justified these observations. To summarize, AuNP1 and AuNP2 treated with lipid mixture 1 equals or above 1x/200 or 1x/1000 respectively showed strong resistance against ionic interferences (up to 400 mM NaCl). Use of lipid mixture 1 for obtaining highly stable AuNPs also provided functional arms of various lengths which can be used for covalent coupling.
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12.

Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Lopatina T. S., Aleksandrova Y. V., Anishchenko O. V., Gribovskaya I. V., Oskina N. A., Zotina T. A., Zadereev E. S.
Заглавие : The effect of deicing salt solutes on Moina macrocopa and Allium cepa in a toxicity test experiment
Место публикации : Vestn. Tomsk. Gos. Univ. Biol.: Tomsk State University, 2020. - Is. 51. - С. 162-178. - ISSN 19988591 (ISSN), DOI 10.17223/19988591/51/9
Аннотация: Chloride salts are the most commonly used deicing materials for winter maintenance of roads. Numerous studies indicate a significant increase in the salinity of aquatic ecosystems associated with the long-term use of deicing materials in countries located in cold climates. The functioning of ecosystems largely depends on salinity, since salinity is one of the key factors determining the species composition, the structure of food webs and the productivity of aquatic communities. Given the growing threat of salinization of groundwater and surface waters, it is extremely important to study the effect of deicing materials on the biota and functioning of aquatic ecosystems. The aim of this research is to determine the threshold concentrations of solutions of the deicing salt mixture “Bionord” containing sodium and calcium chlorides, at which negative effects on the development of animal and plant test objects are observed. In this study, we used the salt-containing mixture “Bionord” as a model deicer. Similarly, with the most commonly used ice melting chemicals, the «Bionord» salt mixture contains a large amount of sodium and calcium chlorides (about 85% of the total weight). To evaluate the toxicity of the deicer solutions, we used acute and chronic toxicity tests with cladoceran Moina macrocopa (Straus, 1820) (Cladocera: Moinidae) and standard onion-based test with Allium cepa L. (Liliopsida: Amaryllidaceae) (Allium-test). In acute and chronic toxicity tests with Cladocera, the females on the first day of their life (body size 0.5-0.6 mm) were placed individually in jars with aged (not less than for 72 h) tap water with a volume of 20 ml with the addition of a deicer at a certain concentration. A group of animals that was placed in the medium without the deicer was used as a control. In the acute toxicity tests, we used the following concentration of the deicer: 1.3; 2.5; 4.0, 5.0; 6.0; 8.0; 10.0 g/l. The mortality of animals was recorded 24 and 48 hours after the start of the experiment. The concentration of the deicer (LC50) at which 50% of animals was observed to die, compared to the control, was determined in the acute toxicity test. In a chronic toxicity test, animals were tested in the following range of concentrations of the deicer: 0.3; 0.6; 1.3; 2.5; 5.0; 6.0 and 8.0 g/l. The chronic toxicity test was conducted until the death of all test animals. Based on the data obtained in the chronic toxicity test, the specific growth rate of juvenile females, average fecundity, and average life span of M. macrocopa were calculated for each concentration of the deicer. Bulbs of onions of the Stuttgartenrisen variety with a diameter of 1.8 ± 0.1 cm and a weight of 2.27 ± 0.17 g were used in the onion test. Bulbs with their bottoms were placed in test tubes containing 20 ml of a solute of the deicer or tap water for 48 hours. Three bulbs were tested for each concentration and for the control. The following concentrations of the deicer were used in the onion test: 1.0; 2.5; 5.0; 7.0; 10.0; 15.0; 20.0; 50.0 g/l. The general toxic and cytotoxic effects were evaluated in the onion test. The average root length and the total root length on each bulb were used as indicators of the total toxicity of the solutions of deicer. To evaluate proliferative activity, we calculated the mitotic index as the fraction of dividing cells in the apical root meristem to the total number of cells. Based on the results of the experiments, we determined median effective mixture concentrations (EC50) at which there is a 50% decrease, compared to the control, in the values of root growth indicators: average root length, sum of root lengths on each bulb and mitotic index. Median lethal concentration (LC50) of the deicing salt determined in the 48-hour acute toxicity test with females of M. macrocopa was equal to 5.1 g/l. In the chronic test, we showed that the exposure to the solutions of the deicing salt in the range of concentrations from 0.3 to 5.0 g/l does not affect the life span, specific growth rate of juveniles and fecundity of females of M. macrocopa. The median effective concentration (EC50) of the deicing salt determined in the Allium-tests were 6.3, 5.2 and 10.4 g/l for the sum of root lengths, average root length on each bulb and proliferative activity at the tips of roots (mitotic index), respectively (See Table 1 and 2). Complete inhibition of onion root growth was observed at the concentration of the decider equal to 20 g/l, while the death of all test animals in the acute toxicity test occurred at the concentration of the deicer equal to 8,0 g/l (See Fig. 1). Thus, we demonstrated that similar concentrations of the deicer induced 50% inhibition of the growth of onion roots and 50% mortality of cladocerans. These values, in general, corresponded to a critical salinity of 5-8 % above which qualitative changes occur both in the external and internal condition of aquatic animals. The electrical conductivity of the deicer solutions, which had a negative effect on the selected test species, coincides with the previously obtained values of the electrical conductivity of sodium chloride solutions harmful to cladocerans. We can assume that the main mechanism of the effect of the deicing material that we study is associated with the biological effect of its chlorine and sodium salts. Taking this into account, the value of electrical conductivity measured for solutions of deicing salt can be used to assess its negative potential effects. We estimated that in the absence of timely cleaning, regulated by the rules for using the material, the runoff from each square meter of the treated surface can lead to the pollution of 8-13 liters of fresh water. Thus, the basic requirement for the use of deicing salts on roads is the need to comply with the cleaning regime of the treated surfaces. Otherwise, the gradual accumulation of sodium and calcium chlorides in water bodies can cause an increase in salinity which will affect the survival of freshwater aquatic organisms and lead to serious disturbances in the functioning of aquatic ecosystems. © 2020 Tomsk State University. All rights reserved.
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13.

Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Tikhomirov A.A., Ushakova S.A., Velichko V.V., Tikhomirova N.A., Kudenko Y.A., Gribovskaya I.V., Gros J.-B., Lasseur C.
Заглавие : Assessment of the possibility of establishing material cycling in an experimental model of the bio-technical life support system with plant and human wastes included in mass exchange
Место публикации : Acta Astronautica. - 2011. - Vol. 68, Is. 9-10. - С. 1548-1554. - ISSN 00945765 (ISSN) , DOI 10.1016/j.actaastro.2010.10.005
Ключевые слова (''Своб.индексиров.''): biological-technical life support system--photosynthesizing unit--utilization of plant and human wastes--biological substrates--chemical component--experimental models--human waste--life support systems--mass exchange--mass transfer process--material cycling--photosynthesizing unit--physicochemical methods--pilot model--plant biomass--plant wastes--recycled products--salicornia europaea--simultaneous use--soil-like substrate--utilization of plant and human wastes--sodium chloride--substrates--waste incineration--waste utilization
Аннотация: A pilot model of a bio-technical life support system (BTLSS) including human and plant wastes has been developed at the Institute of Biophysics SB RAS (Krasnoyarsk, Russia). This paper describes the structure of the photosynthesizing unit of the system, which includes wheat, chufa and vegetables. The study substantiates the simultaneous use of neutral and biological substrates for cultivating plants. A novel physicochemical method for the involvement of human wastes in the cycling has been employed, which enables the use of recycled products as nutrients for plants. Inedible plant biomass was subjected to biological combustion in the soil-like substrate (SLS) and was thus involved in the system mass exchange; NaCl contained in native urine was returned to the human through the consumption of Salicornia europaea, an edible salt-concentrating plant. Mass transfer processes in the studied BLSS have been examined for different chemical components. В© 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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14.

Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Ushakova S.A., Zolotukhin I.G., Tikhomirov A.A., Tikhomirova N.A., Kudenko Yu.A., Gribovskaya I.V., Balnokin Yu., Gros J.B.
Заглавие : Some methods for human liquid and solid waste utilization in bioregenerative life-support systems
Место публикации : Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology. - 2008. - Vol. 151, Is. 2-3. - С. 676-685. - ISSN 02732289 (ISSN) , DOI 10.1007/s12010-008-8291-3
Ключевые слова (''Своб.индексиров.''): closure--human waste--life-support systems--salicornia--sodium chloride--above-ground biomass--biological lives--bioregenerative--closure--cultivation process--culture methods--human waste--irrigation waters--life-support systems--manned space missions--mineral elements--physico-chemical methods--salicornia--salicornia europaea--salt-tolerant--soil-like substrates--biomass--body fluids--electrodialysis--grain (agricultural product)--irrigation--liquids--metal refining--minerals--mining--oxidation--plant shutdowns--sodium chloride--soils--solid wastes--substrates--water supply--vegetation--article--biomass--controlled study--electrodialysis--halophyte--irrigation (agriculture)--microclimate--nonhuman--recycling--salicornia europaea--solid waste--bioremediation--dialysis--feces--goosefoot--growth, development and aging--human--methodology--salt tolerance--urine--waste management--wheat--batis maritima--salicornia--salicornia europaea--triticum aestivum--biodegradation, environmental--chenopodiaceae--dialysis--feces--humans--life support systems--salt-tolerance--triticum--urine--waste management
Аннотация: Bioregenerative life-support systems (BLSS) are studied for developing the technology for a future biological life-support system for long-term manned space missions. Ways to utilize human liquid and solid wastes to increase the closure degree of BLSS were investigated. First, urine and faeces underwent oxidation by Kudenko's physicochemical method. The products were then used for root nutrition of wheat grown by the soil-like substrate culture method. Two means of eliminating sodium chloride, introduced into the irrigation solution together with the products of urine oxidation, were investigated. The first was based on routine electrodialysis of irrigation water at the end of wheat vegetation. Dialysis eliminated about 50% of Na from the solution. This desalinization was performed for nine vegetations. The second method was new: after wheat cultivation, the irrigation solution and the solution obtained by washing the substrate containing mineral elements not absorbed by the plants were used to grow salt-tolerant Salicornia europaea L. plants (saltwort). The above-ground biomass of this plant can be used as a food, and roots can be added to the soil-like substrate. Four consecutive wheat and Salicornia vegetations were cultivated. As a result of this wheat and Salicornia cultivation process, the soil-like substrate salinization by NaCl were considerably decreased. В© 2008 Humana Press.
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15.

Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Tikhomirova N.A., Ushakova S.A., Tikhomirov A.A., Kalacheva G.S., Gros J.-B.
Заглавие : Possibility of Salicornia europaea use for the human liquid wastes inclusion into BLSS intrasystem mass exchange
Место публикации : Acta Astronautica. - 2008. - Vol. 63, Is. 7-10. - С. 1106-1110. - ISSN 00945765 (ISSN) , DOI 10.1016/j.actaastro.2008.01.003
Ключевые слова (''Своб.индексиров.''): blss--nacl turnover--salicornia europaea--space biology--acids--amides--arsenic compounds--biochemical engineering--biochemistry--biomass--cellulose--curing--drying--environmental engineering--fatty acids--garnets--health--human engineering--lipids--mineralogy--minerals--mining--nitrates--nitrogen--plants (botany)--polysaccharides--polyvinyl alcohols--renewable energy resources--silica--silicate minerals--sodium--sodium chloride--solutions--sugar (sucrose)--sugars--waste utilization--biochemical composition--biochemical substances--bioregenerative life support systems (blss)--component conditions--crude protein (cp)--dry weight (dw)--essential fatty acids--europaea--h igh concentrations--human urine--linoleic acid (la)--linolenic--lipid content--liquid wastes--mass exchanges--mineral compositions--nitrate nitrogen--nitrogen nutrition--non saturation--physico chemical processes--plant functions--plant lipids--reduced nitrogen--salicornia europaea--soluble sugars--wide spectrum--nonmetals--amides--arsenic--biochemistry--biomass--biotechnology--cellulose--curing--drying--fatty acids--lipids--nonmetals--plants--polysaccharides--sugars
Аннотация: One of the ways of solving the problem of the human liquid wastes utilization in bioregenerative life support systems (BLSS) can be the use of halophytic vegetable plant Salicornia europaea capable of accumulating sodium chloride in rather high concentrations. Since the most specific higher plant function in BLSS, which at present cannot be substituted by physicochemical processes, appears to be the biosynthesis of a wide spectrum of nutritive substances necessary for a human, the object of the given work was the investigation of the S. europaea productivity, biochemical and mineral composition when grown under close to optimal BLSS vegetative component conditions. As the use of human urine after its preliminary physicochemical processing is supposed to be the mineral solution basis for the S. europaea cultivation, it is necessary to clear up the effect of reduced nitrogen on plants growth. Ground research was carried out. Biochemical composition of the S. europaea edible part showed that crude protein was contained in the highest degree. At that the content of crude protein (24% per dry weight) and cellulose (4.7% per dry weight) was higher in the plants grown on solutions containing amide nitrogen in comparison with the plants grown on solutions with nitrate nitrogen (15.4%-3.1% correspondingly). The water-soluble sugar contents were not high in the S. europaea edible part and depending on the nitrogen nutrition form they amounted to 1.1% (amide nitrogen) and 1.5% (nitrate nitrogen). The polysaccharide number (except cellulose) was rather higher and varied from 7.7% to 8.2%. Although the lipid content in the S. europaea plants was relatively low (7% per dry weight), it was shown that the plant lipids are characterized by a high nonsaturation degree mainly due to alpha linolenic and linoleic acids. Nitrogen nutrition form did not significantly affect the S. europaea productivity, and dry edible biomass of one plant was 8.6 g. Sodium and its concentrations predominated in the plant mineral composition and amounted in average to 9% per dry weight. Thus the S. europaea being the vegetable plant it can be the source of several biochemical substances and essential fatty acids. The present work also considers the influence of nitrate and amide forms of nitrogen on S. europaea biochemical and mineral composition. В© 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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16.

Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Zhila N.O., Kalacheva G.S., Volova T.G.
Заглавие : Effect of salinity on the biochemical composition of the alga Botryococcus braunii Kutz IPPAS H-252
Место публикации : Journal of Applied Phycology. - 2011. - Vol. 23, Is. 1. - С. 47-52. - ISSN 09218971 (ISSN) , DOI 10.1007/s10811-010-9532-8
Ключевые слова (''Своб.индексиров.''): botryococcus--fatty acid composition--lipid content--salinity--algae--botryococcus--botryococcus braunii
Аннотация: The effect of 0.3 and 0.7 M NaCl on biomass yield, total nitrogen content, intracellular lipid content, and fatty acid profile of the lipids of the alga Botryococcus braunii IPPAS H-252 in different phases of the culture cycle was studied. The presence of sodium chloride in the medium inhibited the growth of algal cells for the first 3 days of the experiment, causing a decrease in total nitrogen, enhanced synthesis of triacylglycerols, and considerable changes in the lipid fatty acid profile: decreases in polyenoic acid contents (from 68.34% to 29.38% and 12.8%) and proportions of long-chain saturated acids (from 0.53% to 5.3% and 14.13% of the total fatty acids) at 0.3 M NaCl and 0.7 M NaCl, respectively. In later phases of the culture, at 0.3 M NaCl, the content of polyenoic acids rose to the values characteristic of the active growth phase of this alga. At 0.7 M NaCl, the proportion of polyenoic acids grew less significantly, but biomass concentration and total nitrogen increased, similarly to the experiment with 0.3 M NaCl. В© 2010 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.
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17.

Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Balnokin Y., Nikolai M., Popova L., Tikhomirov A., Ushakova S., Lasseur C., Gros J.-B.
Заглавие : Use of halophytic plants for recycling NaCl in human liquid waste in a bioregenerative life support system
Место публикации : Advances in Space Research. - 2010. - Vol. 46, Is. 6. - С. 768-774. - ISSN 02731177 (ISSN) , DOI 10.1016/j.asr.2010.03.020
Ключевые слова (''Своб.индексиров.''): biological life support system--halophytes--human waste recycling--nacl recycling--a plants--biological life support systems--biomass productions--bioregenerative life support systems--daily ration--europaea--growth conditions--halophytes--halophytic plants--human waste--liquid wastes--nutrient solution--optimal conditions--salicornia europaea--body fluids--liquids--nutrients--plant shutdowns--plants (botany)--recycling--sodium alloys--sodium chloride
Аннотация: The purpose of this work was to develop technology for recycling NaCl containing in human liquid waste as intrasystem matter in a bioregenerative life support system (BLSS). The circulation of Na+ and Cl- excreted in urine is achieved by inclusion of halophytes, i.e. plants that naturally inhabit salt-rich soils and accumulate NaCl in their organs. A model of Na+ and Cl- recycling in a BLSS was designed, based on the NaCl turnover in the human-urine-nutrient solution-halophytic plant-human cycle. The study consisted of (i) selecting a halophyte suitable for inclusion in a BLSS, and (ii) determining growth conditions supporting maximal Na + and Cl- accumulation in the shoots of the halophyte growing in a nutrient solution simulating mineralized urine. For the selected halophytic plant, Salicornia europaea, growth rate under optimal conditions, biomass production and quantities of Na+ and Cl- absorbed were determined. Characteristics of a plant production conveyor consisting of S. europaea at various ages, and allowing continuity of Na+ and Cl - turnover, were estimated. It was shown that closure of the NaCl cycle in a BLSS can be attained if the daily ration of fresh Salicornia biomass for a BLSS inhabitant is approximately 360 g. В© 2010 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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18.

Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Ushakova S.A., Tikhomirov A.A., Tikhomirova N.A., Kudenko Y.A., Litovka Y.A., Anishchenko O.V.
Заглавие : A biological method of including mineralized human liquid and solid wastes into the mass exchange of bio-technical life support systems
Место публикации : Advances in Space Research. - 2012. - Vol. 50, Is. 7. - С. 932-940. - ISSN 02731177 (ISSN) , DOI 10.1016/j.asr.2012.05.023
Ключевые слова (''Своб.индексиров.''): bio-technical life support system--conveyor-grown uneven-aged communities of wheat and salicornia--utilization of human wastes--age groups--biological methods--dry weight--expanded clay--harvest index--human waste--leafy vegetables--liquid wastes--mass exchange--mineral element--nutrient solution--plant communities--salicornia europaea--salt content--time interval--uneven-aged--water culture--wheat biomass--conveyors--incineration--irrigation--minerals--nutrients--plants (botany)--productivity--sodium chloride--waste incineration--waste utilization--liquids
Аннотация: The main obstacle to using mineralized human solid and liquid wastes as a source of mineral elements for plants cultivated in bio-technical life support systems (BLSS) is that they contain NaCl. The purpose of this study is to determine whether mineralized human wastes can be used to prepare the nutrient solution for long-duration conveyor cultivation of uneven-aged wheat and Salicornia europaea L. plant community. Human solid and liquid wastes were mineralized by the method of "wet incineration" developed by Yu. Kudenko. They served as a basis for preparing the solutions that were used for conveyor-type cultivation of wheat community represented by 5 age groups, planted with a time interval of 14 days. Wheat was cultivated hydroponically on expanded clay particles. To reduce salt content of the nutrient solution, every two weeks, after wheat was harvested, 12 L of solution was removed from the wheat irrigation tank and used for Salicornia europaea cultivation in water culture in a conveyor mode. The Salicornia community was represented by 2 age groups, planted with a time interval of 14 days. As some portion of the nutrient solution used for wheat cultivation was regularly removed, sodium concentration in the wheat irrigation solution did not exceed 400 mg/L, and mineral elements contained in the removed portion were used for Salicornia cultivation. The experiment lasted 4 months. The total wheat biomass productivity averaged 30.1 gВ·m -2В·day -1, and the harvest index amounted to 36.8%. The average productivity of Salicornia edible biomass on a dry weight basis was 39.3 gВ·m -2В·day -1, and its aboveground mass contained at least 20% of NaCl. Thus, the proposed technology of cultivation of wheat and halophyte plant community enables using mineralized human wastes as a basis for preparing nutrient solutions and including NaCl in the mass exchange of the BLSS; moreover, humans are supplied with additional amounts of leafy vegetables. В© 2012 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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19.

Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Tikhomirova N.A., Ushakova S.A., Kudenko Yu.A., Gribovskaya I.V., Shklavtsova E.S., Balnokin Yu.V., Popova L.G., Myasoedov N.A., Gros J.-B., Lasseur Ch.
Заглавие : Potential of salt-accumulating and salt-secreting halophytic plants for recycling sodium chloride in human urine in bioregenerative life support systems
Место публикации : Advances in Space Research. - 2011. - Vol. 48, Is. 2. - С. 378-382. - ISSN 02731177 (ISSN) , DOI 10.1016/j.asr.2011.03.016
Ключевые слова (''Своб.индексиров.''): blss--limonium gmelinii--mineral nutrition--nacl--salicornia europaea--blss--limonium gmelinii--mineral nutrition--nacl--salicornia europaea--body fluids--pilot plants--recycling--silicate minerals--sodium chloride--plants (botany)
Аннотация: This study addresses the possibility of growing different halophytic plants on mineralized human urine as a way to recycle NaCl from human wastes in a bioregenerative life support system (BLSS). Two halophytic plant species were studied: the salt-accumulating Salicornia europaea and the salt-secreting Limonium gmelinii. During the first two weeks, plants were grown on Knop's solution, then an average daily amount of urine produced by one human, which had been preliminarily mineralized, was gradually added to the experimental solutions. Nutrient solutions simulating urine mineral composition were gradually added to control solutions. NaCl concentrations in the stock solutions added to the experimental and control solutions were 9 g/L in the first treatment and 20 g/L in the second treatment. The mineralized human urine showed some inhibitory effects on S. europaea and L. gmelinii. The biomass yield of experimental plants was lower than that of control ones. If calculated for the same time period (120 d) and area (1 m 2), the amount of sodium chloride taken up by S. europaea plants would be 11.7 times larger than the amount taken up by L. gmelinii plants (486 g/m 2 vs. 41 g/m 2). Thus, S. europaea is the better choice of halophyte for recycling sodium chloride from human wastes in BLSS. В© 2011 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. 25.
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20.

Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Ushakova S.A., Kovaleva N.P., Gribovskaya I.V., Dolgushev V.A., Tikhomirova N.A.
Заглавие : Effect of NaCl concentration on productivity and mineral composition of Salicornia europaea as a potential crop for utilization NaCl in LSS
Место публикации : Advances in Space Research. - 2005. - Vol. 36, Is. 7. - С. 1349-1353. - ISSN 02731177 (ISSN) , DOI 10.1016/j.asr.2004.09.017
Ключевые слова (''Своб.индексиров.''): life support system--nacl--salicornia europaea--space biology--calcium--concentration (process)--minerals--photosynthesis--plants (botany)--salinity measurement--sodium chloride--vegetation--life support systems--liquid wastes--nacl--salicornea europea--space biology--space research
Аннотация: The accumulation of solid and liquid wastes in manmade ecosystems presents a problem that has not been efficiently solved yet. Urine, containing NaCl, are part of these products. This is an obstacle to the creation of biological systems with a largely closed material cycling, because the amount of solid and liquid wastes in them must be reduced to a minimum. A possible solution to the problem is to select plant species capable of utilizing sufficiently high concentrations of NaCl, edible for humans, and featuring high productivity. Until recently, the life support systems have included the higher plants that were either sensitive to salinization (wheat, many of the legumes, carrot, potato, maize) or relatively salt-resistant (barley, sugar beet, spinach). Salicomia europaea, whose above-ground part is fully edible for humans, is one of the most promising candidates to be included in life support systems. It is reported in the literature that this plant is capable of accumulating up to 50% NaCl (dry basis). Besides, excessive accumulation of sodium ions should bring forth a decrease in the uptake of potassium ions and other biogenic elements. The aim of this work is to study the feasibility of using S. europaea plants in growth chambers to involve NaCl into material cycling. Plants were grown in vegetation chambers at the irradiance of 100 or 150 W/m2 PAR (photosynthetically active radiation) and the air temperature 24 В°C, by two methods. The first method was to grow the plants on substrate - peat. The peat was supplemented with either 3% NaCl (Variant 1) or 6% NaCl (Variant 2) of the oven-dry mass of the peat. The second method was to grow the plants in water culture, using the solution with a full complement of nutrients, which contained 0.0005% of NaCl, 1% or 2%. The study showed that the addition of NaCl to the substrate or to the solution resulted in the formation of more succulent plants, which considerably increased their biomass. The amount of NaCl uptake was the highest in the plants grown in water culture, 2.6 g per plant. As the sodium uptake increased, the consumption of potassium and the sum of the reduced N forms decreased twofold. The uptake of calcium and magnesium by plants decreased as the NaCl concentration increased; the smallest amounts were taken up by S. europaea grown in water culture. Salinity had practically no effect on the uptake of phosphorus and sulfur. Thus, S. europaea is a promising candidate to be included in life support systems; of special interest is further research on growing these plants in water culture. В© 2005 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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