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Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Trifonov S. V., Morozov Y. A., Kozlova T. A.
Заглавие : Processing of household waste in the BTLSS using the wet combustion method
Место публикации : Life Sci. Space Res.: Elsevier Ltd, 2019. - Vol. 21. - С. 22-24. - ISSN 22145524 (ISSN) , DOI 10.1016/j.lssr.2019.02.003
Аннотация: The present study discusses physicochemical methods of organic waste processing in closed biotechnical life support systems (BTLSS). Sanitary and household cotton wastes were processed by the method of wet combustion in hydrogen peroxide using an alternating current electric field – a promising physicochemical method for organic waste processing in the BTLSS. The highest efficiency of the process (in terms of power consumption, duration of the process, and oxidation rate) was achieved in experiments with oxidation of a combination of cotton fabrics and urea-containing wastes such as human urine and feces. The reason for this must be that urea is a reactive aqueous solvent of cellulose. © 2019
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Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Bolsunovsky A., Melgunov M.
Заглавие : Radioactive particles in the Yenisei River floodplain (Russia): Characterization, leaching and potential effects in the environment
Место публикации : J. Environ. Radioact.: Elsevier Ltd, 2019. - Vol. 208-209. - ISSN 0265931X (ISSN) , DOI 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2019.105991
Аннотация: The operation of the Mining-and-Chemical Combine (MCC), the largest producer of weapons-grade plutonium in Russia, has resulted in radioactive contamination of the Yenisei River floodplain. Investigations carried out in Novosibirsk and Krasnoyarsk institutes have shown that the floodplain of the Yenisei downstream of the MCC is contaminated by radioactive particles (RP) of various types and activities. Analytical characterization of the RP showed that most of them were fuel particles, which were carried into the Yenisei after incidents at the MCC reactors. The plutonium and caesium isotope ratios (238Pu/239,240Pu; 137Cs/134Cs) vary substantially between the particles, indicating different source terms and time intervals when the RP were formed. In addition to fuel RP, there were particles that contained activation radionuclides. The experiment on dissolution of RP using the model solution (the simulated stomach fluid) showed different cumulative extractions of radionuclides from the particles: 60Co and 137Cs extractions were the lowest, the extracted fractions of europium and americium isotopes were the largest, and plutonium occupied an intermediate position. High concentrations of radionuclides in RP are sources of exposure of organisms in aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems to low radiation doses. The plant bioassays of the effects of ?-radiation from RP showed the effect of low doses of ?-radiation on growth parameters of aquatic plant Elodea canadensis growing in the Yenisei River floodplain. The presence of RP from different sources in the Yenisei River floodplain makes this region a unique site for studying environmental effects of the particles. © 2019 Elsevier Ltd
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Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Morozov Y. A., Trifonov S. V., Ushakova S. A., Anishchenko O. V., Tikhomirov A. A.
Заглавие : Feasibility of incorporating all products of human waste processing into material cycling in the BTLSS
Место публикации : Life Sci. Space Res.: Elsevier Ltd, 2018. - Vol. 18. - С. 29-34. - ISSN 22145524 (ISSN) , DOI 10.1016/j.lssr.2018.05.002
Ключевые слова (''Своб.индексиров.''): btlss--closure--cycling--hydroponics--nutrient availability--sediment
Аннотация: The present study addresses the ways to increase the closure of biotechnical life support systems (BTLSS) for space applications. A promising method of organic waste processing based on “wet combustion” in hydrogen peroxide developed at the IBP SB RAS to produce fertilizers for higher plants is discussed. The method is relatively compact, energy efficient, productive, and eco-friendly. However, about 4–6 g/L of recalcitrant sediment containing such essential nutrients as Ca, Mg, P, Fe, Cu, Mn, and Zn precipitates after the initial process. These elements are unavailable to plants grown hydroponically and, thus, drop out of the cycling as dead-end products. Possible methods of dissolving that sediment have been studied. Results of experiments show that the most promising method is additional oxidation of the sediment in HNO3 + H2O2. By using the new technological process, which only involves substances synthesized inside the BTLSS material flows, more than 90% of each nutrient can be converted into the form available to plants in irrigation solutions, thus returning them into the material cycling. The results obtained in this study show the efficacy of supplementing the irrigation solutions with the mineral nutrients after sediment dissolution. Lettuce plants grown as the test object on the newly prepared irrigation solutions produced the yield that was more than twice higher than the yield produced on the nutrient solutions prepared without the sediment conversion into a soluble form. Composition of the gases emitted during this process has been analyzed. Dynamics of oxidation of the small fractions of a wax-like sediment remaining after the initial sediment dissolution in HNO3 + H2O2 in the BTLSS soil-like substrate has been studied. The entire technological scheme aimed at the full inclusion of all human wastes into the BTLSS cycling has been suggested and discussed. A process scheme of including products of human waste processing in the biotic cycle of the BTLSS is discussed in the conclusion. © 2018 The Committee on Space Research (COSPAR)
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Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Puzyr A. P., Medvedeva S. E., Artemenko K. S., Bondar V. S.
Заглавие : Luminescence of cold extracts from mycelium of luminous basidiomycetes during long-term storage
Место публикации : Curr. Res. Environ. Appl. Mycol. J. Fungal: Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Institute of Plant and Environment Protection, 2017. - Vol. 7, Is. 3. - С. 227-235. - ISSN 22292225 (ISSN) , DOI 10.5943/cream/7/3/9
Ключевые слова (''Своб.индексиров.''): armillaria borealis--kinetics of luminescence--lyophilic preparations--mycena citricolor--neonothopanus nambi
Аннотация: Cold extracts with high activities of enzymes of luminescent reaction were prepared from mycelia of luminous fungi Armillaria borealis IBSO 2328, Mycena citricolor IBSO 2331, and Neonothopanus nambi IBSO 2391. The authors describe techniques of preparing cold extracts with high levels of luminescence from mycelial biomass of different species of luminous basidiomycetes. The investigation of cold extracts showed that in experiments with freezing and thawing of the samples as well as in experiments with lyophilization followed by dissolution of the dry samples, the levels of enzyme activity were high, with in vitro luminescence exhibited after addition of NADPH and the hot extract containing the substrate. High activity levels of the enzymes of luminescent reaction were measured in lyophilized cold extracts stored over three years. In lyophilized preparations, the enzymes of luminescent reaction had high thermostability, even when dry preparations of cold extracts were exposed to a temperature of 100°C for 60 minutes. © Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences.
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Вид документа : Статья из сборника (выпуск продолж. издания)
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Morozov Ye. A., Trifonov S. V., Ushakova S. A., Anishchenko O. V., Tikhomirov A. A.
Заглавие : Feasibility of incorporating all products of human waste processing into material cycling in the btlss
Место публикации : Proceedings of the International Astronautical Congress, IAC. - 2017. - Vol. 4: 68th International Astronautical Congress: Unlocking Imagination, Fostering Innovation and Strengthening Security, IAC 2017 (25 September 2017 through 29 September 2017, ) Conference code: 136635. - С. 2143-2149
Ключевые слова (''Своб.индексиров.''): btlss--closure--cycling--hydroponics--nutrient availability--sediment--dissolution--energy efficiency--irrigation--life support systems (spacecraft)--plant shutdowns--sediments--space applications--waste incineration--btlss--closure--cycling--hydroponics--nutrient availability--nutrients
Аннотация: The present study addresses the ways to increase the closure of biotechnical life support systems (BTLSS) for space applications. A promising method of organic waste processing based on wet combustion in hydrogen peroxide developed at the IBP SB RAS to produce fertilizers for higher plants is discussed. The method is relatively compact, energy efficient, productive, and eco-friendly. However, about 4-6 g/L of recalcitrant sediment containing such essential nutrients as Ca, Mg, P, Fe, Cu, Mn, and Zn precipitates after the initial process. These elements are unavailable to plants grown hydroponically, thus dropping out of the cycling as deadlock products. Possible methods of dissolving that sediment have been studied. Results of experiments show that the most promising method is additional oxidation of the sediment in HNO3 + H2O2. By using the new technological process, which only involves substances synthesized inside the BTLSS material flows, more than 90% of each nutrient can be converted into the available form in irrigation solutions, thus returning them into the material cycling. The efficiency of irrigation solutions beneficiated with the mineral nutrients after the sediment dissolution has been shown. Lettuce plants grown as the test object on the newly prepared irrigation solutions produced the yield that was higher more than twice compared to the nutrient solutions prepared without the sediment conversion into a soluble state. Composition of the gases emitted during this process has been analysed. Dynamics of oxidation of small fractions of a wax-like sediment remaining after its dissolution in the BTLSS soil-like substrate has been studied. In conclusion, the entire technological chain aimed at inclusion of deadlock products of human waste wet combustion into the BTLSS cycling has been suggested and discussed. © 2017 by the International Astronautical Federation (IAF). All rights reserved.
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Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Lukyanenko, Kirill A., Belousov, Kirill I., Denisov, Ivan A., Yakimov, Anton S., Esimbekova, Elena N., Bukatin, Anton S., Evstrapov, Anatoly A., Belobrov, Peter I.
Заглавие : Active mixing of immobilised enzymatic system in microfluidic chip
Колич.характеристики :5 с
Коллективы : Russian Science Foundation [15-19-10041]
Место публикации : Micro Nano Lett.: INST ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY-IET, 2017. - Vol. 12, Is. 6. - С. 377-381. - ISSN 1750-0443, DOI 10.1049/mnl.2016.0646
Примечания : Cited References:17. - The research was supported by the grant of the Russian Science Foundation (project no. 15-19-10041).
Предметные рубрики: POLY(METHYL METHACRYLATE)
SURFACE MODIFICATION
POINT
DEVICES
PMMA
Аннотация: Parameters for sample introduction, dried reagents dissolution and mixing with sample for bienzyme system NAD(H):FMN-oxidoreductase and luciferase immobilised in microfluidic chip were successfully determined. Numerical simulations of reaction chamber geometry, flavin mononucleotide (FMN) escape from starch gel and mixing options were conducted to achieve higher sensitivity of bioluminescent reaction. Results of numerical simulations were verified experimentally. The active mixer for dried reagents was made from an electro-mechanical speaker's membrane which was connected to the input of the chip. Such a mixer provided better efficiency than a passive mixing, and it is simple enough for use in point-of-care devices with any systems based on immobilised enzymes in chips.
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Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Belousov K. I., Denisov I. A., Lukyanenko K. A., Yakimov A. S., Bukatin A. S., Kukhtevich I. V., Sorokin V. V., Esimbekova E. N., Belobrov P. I., Evstrapov A. A.
Заглавие : Dissolution and mixing of flavin mononucleotide in microfluidic chips for bioassay
Место публикации : J. Phys. Conf. Ser.: Institute of Physics Publishing, 2016. - Vol. 741, Is. 1. - ISSN 17426588 (ISSN) , DOI 10.1088/1742-6596/741/1/012058
Ключевые слова (''Своб.индексиров.''): bioassay--biomolecules--dissolution--flow of fluids--fluidic devices--microfluidics--nanostructures--optoelectronic devices--oscillating flow--photonics--analysis of liquids--concentration distributions--constant flow rates--flavin mono nucleotides (fmn)--flavin mononucleotides--frequency of oscillation--uniform distribution--variable flow rate--mixing
Аннотация: Dissolution and mixing of flavin mononucleotide (FMN), which activates a luminescent reaction, were considered in various designs of microfluidic chip for pollution analysis of liquid samples. The aim was to determine the velocity mode of fluid flow ensured the uniform distribution of the FMN in the reaction chamber. Simulation of concentration distribution of FMN in various designs of microfluidic chips was conducted. It was shown that the passive mixing techniques based on the constant flow rate didn't provide mixing of FMN in acceptable time (3 seconds). The most efficient mixing was achieved using variable flow rate with a gradually increasing frequency of oscillation. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd.
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Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Rogozin D.Y., Genova S.N., Gulati R.D., Degermendzhy A.G.
Заглавие : Some generalizations based on stratification and vertical mixing in meromictic Lake Shira, Russia, in the period 2002-2009
Место публикации : Aquatic Ecology. - 2010. - Vol. 44, Is. 3. - С. 485-496. - ISSN 13862588 (ISSN) , DOI 10.1007/s10452-010-9328-6
Ключевые слова (''Своб.индексиров.''): 1-d model--meromixis--mixolimnion--oxic-anoxic interface--thermocline--weather conditions--brackish water--meromictic lake--numerical model--one-dimensional modeling--overturn--physicochemical property--salinity--seasonality--stratification--temperate environment--vertical mixing--water temperature--weather--khakassia--lake shira--russian federation
Аннотация: In a brackish, temperate, 24-m-deep Lake Shira, the profiles of salinity, temperature, oxygen and sulfide concentrations were measured on a seasonal basis from 2002 to 2009. The lake was shown to be meromictic with autumnal overturn restricted to mixolimnion. The depth of mixolimnion and position of oxic-anoxic interface varied annually. The spring mixing processes contribute to the formation of mixolimnion in autumn. The exceptionally windy spring of 2007 caused the deepening of mixolimnion in the winter of 2008. The winter position of oxic-anoxic interface was affected by the position of lower boundary of mixolimnion in all winters. The salinity in the winter mixolimnion increased compared with the autumn because of freezing out of salts from the upper water layers meters during ice formation and their dissolution in water below. The profiles of salinity and temperature were simulated by the mathematical 1-D model of temperature and salinity conditions taking into account ice formation. The simulated profiles generally coincided with the measured ones. The coincidence implies that simplified one-dimensional model can be applied to roughly describe salinity and density profiles and mixing behavior of Lake Shira. В© 2010 The Author(s).
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Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Kudenko Y.A., Gribovskaya I.V., Pavlenko R.A.
Заглавие : Mineralization of wastes of human vital activity and plants to be used in a life support system
Колич.характеристики :4 с
Место публикации : Acta Astronaut.: PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD, 1997. - Vol. 41, Is. 3. - P193-196. - ISSN 0094-5765, DOI 10.1016/S0094-5765(97)00215-4
Примечания : Cited References: 8
Аннотация: Available methods for mineralizing wastes of human activity and inedible biomass of plants used in this country and abroad are divided into two types: dry mineralization at high temperatures up to 1270 K with subsequent partial dissolution of the ash and the other-wet oxidation by acids. In this case mineralization is performed at a temperature of 470-460 K and a pressure of 220-270 atmospheres in pure oxygen with the output of mineral solution and dissoluble sediments in the form of scale. The drawback of the first method is the formation of dioxins, CO, SO2, NO2 and other toxic compounds. The latter method is too sophisticated and is presently confined to bench testing. The here proposed method to mineralize the wastes is in mid-position between the thermal and physical chemical methods. At a temperature of 89-90 degrees C the mixture was exposed to a controlled electromagnetic field at normal atmospheric pressure. The method merits simplicity, reliability, produces no dissoluble sediment or emissions noxious for human and plants. The basic difference from the above said methods is to employ as an oxidizer atomic oxygen, its active forms including OH-radicals with hydrogen peroxide as the sourer. Hydrogen peroxide can be produced with electric power from water inside the Life Support System (LSS). (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
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10.

Вид документа : Статья из сборника (однотомник)
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Kudenko Y.A., Gribovskaya I.V., Pavlenko R.A.
Заглавие : Mineralization of wastes of human vital activity and plants in LSS
Колич.характеристики :4 с
Место публикации : SIXTH EUROPEAN SYMPOSIUM ON SPACE ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROL SYSTEMS, VOLS 1 AND 2. Ser. ESA SPECIAL PUBLICATIONS: EUROPEAN SPACE AGENCY, 1997. - Vol. 400: 6th European Symposium on Space Environmental Control Systems (MAY 20-22, 1997, NOORDWIJK, NETHERLANDS). - P803-806. - ISBN 0379-6566. - ISBN 92-9092-283-4
Примечания : Cited References: 0
Аннотация: Available methods for mineralizing wastes of human activity and inedible biomass of plants used in this country and abroad are divided into two types: dry mineralization at high temperatures up to 1270 degrees K with subsequent partial dissolution of the ash and the other wet oxidation by acids. In this case mineralization is performed at the temperature of 470-460 degrees K and the pressure of 220-270 atmospheres in pure oxygen with the output of mineral solution and dissoluble sediments in the form of scale. The drawback of the former method is formation of dioxins, CO, SO2, NO2 and other toxic compounds. The latter method is too sophisticated and presently is confined to bench testing. The proposed method to mineralize the wastes is in mid-position between the thermal and physical chemical methods. At the temperature of 80-90 degrees C the mixture was exposed to controlled electromagnetic field at normal atmospheric pressure. The method merits simplicity, reliability, produces no dissoluble sediment, emissions noxious for humans and plants. The basic difference from the above said methods is to employ for oxidizer atomic oxygen, its active forms including OH-radicals with hydrogen peroxide as the source. Hydrogen peroxide can be produced with electric power from water inside LSS.
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