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Theoretical and experimental decisions in the creation of an artificial ecosystem for human life support in space. / L. V. Kirensky [et al.] // Life sciences and space research. - 1971. - Vol. 9. - P75-80 . - ISSN 0075-9422
Кл.слова (ненормированные):
article -- bacterium -- biotechnology -- Chlorella -- energy metabolism -- human -- instrumentation -- man machine interaction -- metabolism -- microclimate -- space flight -- weightlessness -- Bacteria -- Biotechnology -- Chlorella -- Ecological Systems, Closed -- Energy Metabolism -- Environment, Controlled -- Humans -- Life Support Systems -- Man-Machine Systems -- Space Flight -- Weightlessness
Аннотация: All of man's former space flights were not real ventures into space in the biological sense, as his life was supported with unregenerated earth supplies. The coming stage of space exploration requires man's long existence in the cosmos and on the other planets. This stage of man's activity outside the earth become possible only by creating small man-made ecosystems, permitting the support of his metabolism by the recycling of substances of the terrestrial biosphere. Creation of such systems is a new scientific and technical task. Man-made ecosystems are a new product of man's activity, which have no complete analogy, either in nature, or in technology. Stochastic mechanisms, which stabilize biogeocenosis, cannot be effective in small ecosystems. A technique of parametric control over biosynthesis made it possible to calculate, and put to practice, an ecosystem for man with a cyclic regeneration of the atmosphere, water and, partially, food. The specific bio-technological properties of small man-made ecosystems are being analysed. The possibility of their application for man's excursions into space and for the settlement of other planets is being considered.

Scopus
Держатели документа:
Institute of Physics, Akademgorodok, Krasnoyarsk, USSR. : 660036, Красноярск, Академгородок, д. 50, стр. 50

Доп.точки доступа:
Kirensky, L.V.; Gitelson, I.I.; Terskov, I.A.; Kovrov, B.G.; Lisovsky, G.M.; Okladnikov, Y.N.

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Life support system with autonomous control employing plant photosynthesis / I. I. Gitelson [et al.] // Acta Astronautica. - 1976. - Vol. 3, Is. 9-10. - P633-650 . - ISSN 0094-5765
Кл.слова (ненормированные):
BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Photosynthesis -- SPACECRAFT -- adaptation -- article -- Chlorella -- growth, development and aging -- human -- instrumentation -- intestine -- male -- metabolism -- microbiology -- microclimate -- photosynthesis -- physiology -- plant -- space flight -- task performance -- vegetable -- water supply -- wheat -- Adaptation, Physiological -- Chlorella -- Ecological Systems, Closed -- Environment, Controlled -- Humans -- Intestines -- Life Support Systems -- Male -- Metabolism -- Photosynthesis -- Plants -- Space Simulation -- Task Performance and Analysis -- Triticum -- Vegetables -- Water Supply
Аннотация: This research was aimed at obtaining a closed control system. This was achieved by placing all the technological processes providing for human vital activities within the hermetically sealed space, and by transferring the entire control and guidance of these processes to people inhabiting the system. In contrast to existing biological life support systems, man has been included not only as a participant of metabolism, but as an operator who is the central figure in collecting information, making decisions and controlling all technological processes. To tackle this problem, the "BIOS-3" experimental complex was created for performing long-term experiments using different structures of biological life-support system. The experiment lasted six months and consisted of three stages. During the first stage the system was comprised of two equivalent phytotrons with the culture of wheat and an assortment of vegetable plants, and the living compartment. At the second stage, one of the phytotrons was removed while a compartment of chlorella cultivators was introduced. The third stage differed from the second, the former using wheat phytotron and the latter employing phytotron with an assortment of vegetable cultures. Three men inhabited the system simultaneously. The experiment demonstrated that a biological life support system controlled autonomously from the inside is feasible within a small confined space. However, immunological and microbiological research shows, that the medium created by the system is not fully adequate for man. In conclusion, some prospects have been outlined for further studies of biological life support systems. В© 1976.

Scopus
Держатели документа:
L. V. Kirensky Physics Institute, Siberian Branch, USSR Academy of Sciences, Krasnoyarsk, Russian Federation : 660036, Красноярск, Академгородок, д. 50, стр. 50

Доп.точки доступа:
Gitelson, I.I.; Terskov, I.A.; Kovrov, B.G.; Sidko, F.Ya.; Lisovsky, G.M.; Okladnikov, Yu.N.; Belyanin, V.N.; Trubachov, I.N.; Rerberg, M.S.

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Long-term experiments on man's stay in biological life-support system / I. I. Gitelson [et al.] // Advances in Space Research. - 1989. - Vol. 9, Is. 8. - P65-71 . - ISSN 0273-1177
Кл.слова (ненормированные):
Agricultural Products -- Ecosystems -- Food Products -- Personnel - Health -- Space Flight - Manned Flight -- BIOS-3 Complex -- Phytotrons -- Spacecraft -- water -- air conditioning -- article -- biomass -- crop -- evaluation -- growth, development and aging -- human -- instrumentation -- light -- metabolism -- methodology -- microclimate -- photosynthesis -- plant -- waste management -- wheat -- Air Conditioning -- Biomass -- Crops, Agricultural -- Ecological Systems, Closed -- Evaluation Studies -- Humans -- Life Support Systems -- Light -- Photosynthesis -- Plants -- Triticum -- Waste Management -- Water
Аннотация: We describe the experimental system having maximal possible closure of material recycling in an ecosystem, including people and plants, which was carried out in a hermetically sealed experimental complex "BIOS-3", 315 m2 in volume. The system included 2 experimentators and 3 phytotrons with plants (total sowing area of 63 m2). Plants were grown with round-the-clock lamp irradiation with 130 Wm-2 PAR intensity. The plants production was food for people. Water exchange of ecosystem, as well as gas exchange, was fully closed excluding liquids and gas samples taken for chemical analysis outside the system. The total closure of material turnover constituted 91%. Health state of the crew was estimated before, during and after the experiment. A 5-months period did not affect their health. The experiments carried out prove that the closed ecosystem of "man-plants" is a prototype of a life-support system for long-term space expeditions. В© 1989.

Scopus
Держатели документа:
Institute of Biophysics, U.S.S.R. Academy of Sciences, Siberian Branch, Krasnoyarsk, 600366, Russian Federation : 660036, Красноярск, Академгородок, д. 50, стр. 50

Доп.точки доступа:
Gitelson, I.I.; Terskov, I.A.; Kovrov, B.G.; Lisovskii, G.M.; Okladnikov, Yu.N.; Sid'ko, F.Ya.; Trubachev, I.N.; Shilenko, M.P.; Alekseev, S.S.; Pan'kova, I.M.; Tirranen, L.S.

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Biological life-support systems for Mars mission / J. I. Gitelson // Advances in Space Research. - 1992. - Vol. 12, Is. 5. - P167-192 . - ISSN 0273-1177
Кл.слова (ненормированные):
air conditioning -- Alcaligenes -- article -- astronomy -- biomass -- Chlorella -- classification -- comparative study -- equipment design -- human -- instrumentation -- microclimate -- plant -- solar energy -- space flight -- waste management -- water management -- Air Conditioning -- Alcaligenes -- Biomass -- Chlorella -- Ecological Systems, Closed -- Equipment Design -- Humans -- Life Support Systems -- Mars -- Plants -- Solar Energy -- Space Flight -- Spacecraft -- Waste Management -- Water Purification
Аннотация: Mars mission like the Lunar base is the first venture to maintain human life beyond earth biosphere. So far, all manned space missions including the longest ones used stocked reserves and can not be considered egress from biosphere. В© 1991.

Scopus
Держатели документа:
Institute of Biophysics, U.S.S.R. Academy, Sciences Siberian Branch, Krasnoyarsk, 660036, Russian Federation : 660036, Красноярск, Академгородок, д. 50, стр. 50

Доп.точки доступа:
Gitelson, J.I.

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Biospherics: a new science / N. Pechurkin // Life support & biosphere science : international journal of earth space. - 1994. - Vol. 1, Is. 2. - P85-87 . - ISSN 1069-9422
Кл.слова (ненормированные):
article -- astronomy -- human -- microclimate -- Russian Federation -- space flight -- theoretical model -- Earth (Planet) -- Ecological Systems, Closed -- Humans -- Life Support Systems -- Models, Theoretical -- Russia -- Space Flight
Аннотация: The experience of human existence in the last few decades shows clearly that developed civilizations come into greater and greater antagonism with nature. Modern technology cannot on its own coexist easily with the biosphere without destroying key biological components. The necessity of comprehending the laws of development of the biosphere as a single whole is becoming more and more obvious and urgent. Because it is so precious and fragile, the biosphere cannot be subjected to any direct study which may harm it. Therefore this science depends on the study of analogs and small models such as artificial ecological systems with differing degrees of complexity and closure. On such model ecosystems we can (and must) study both the particular laws of development of individual elements and components of the ecosystems, and the general principles of turnover of the entire biospheric system. As this new science is being formed, it is necessary to develop the scientific basis of harmonizing the relationship of humanity and nature, to open the path to the next phase, termed the noosphere by Vernadsky. The principal objects of study are closed ecological systems, from simple microsystems to more sophisticated human life-support systems under extreme conditions on the Earth and in space. Biospherics by its very nature knows no political boundaries, and is by necessity an international effort. As such, it is deserving of support both intellectually and economically from all peoples.

Scopus
Держатели документа:
Institute of Biophysics (Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences), International Center for Closed Ecological Systems, Krasnoyarsk, Russia. : 660036, Красноярск, Академгородок, д. 50, стр. 50

Доп.точки доступа:
Pechurkin, N.

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Man as a component of a closed ecological life support system / J. I. Gitelson, U - Okladnikov YuN // Life support & biosphere science : international journal of earth space. - 1994. - Vol. 1, Is. 2. - P73-81 . - ISSN 1069-9422
Кл.слова (ненормированные):
carbon dioxide -- oxygen -- article -- blood analysis -- blood cell count -- breathing -- construction work and architectural phenomena -- crop -- diet -- growth, development and aging -- human -- metabolism -- microclimate -- physiology -- Russian Federation -- space flight -- standard -- waste management -- water supply -- Blood Cell Count -- Blood Chemical Analysis -- Carbon Dioxide -- Crops, Agricultural -- Diet -- Ecological Systems, Closed -- Environment, Controlled -- Facility Design and Construction -- Humans -- Life Support Systems -- Oxygen -- Respiration -- Russia -- Space Flight -- Waste Management -- Water Supply
Аннотация: Material support of all manned space flights so far has been provided from a prestored stock of substances or replenished from the Earth's biosphere. Exploration of space will, however, become real only when man is able to break away from Earth completely, when he will be accompanied by a system providing everything necessary to sustain full-valued life for an unlimited time. The only known system to date meeting this requirement is the Earth's biosphere. To break away from his cradle, as K.E. Tsiolkovsky called Earth, it is necessary to devise a life support system functionally similar to the natural biosphere. This need not be similar in structure to the vast diversity of trophic relationships available on Earth, but requires the solution of a multitude of various problems of an ecological, physiological, engineering and social-psychological nature. Human life-support systems based on biological regeneration of environments in small volumes have been studied at the Institute of Biophysics (Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences) over many years. This work has resulted in the design of Bios-3, a biologically-based self-sustained human life support system.

Scopus
Держатели документа:
Institute of Biophysics (Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences), Krasnoyarsk, Russia. : 660036, Красноярск, Академгородок, д. 50, стр. 50

Доп.точки доступа:
Gitelson, J.I.; , U - Okladnikov YuN

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Biological-physical-chemical aspects of a human life support system for a lunar base / J. I. Gitelson [et al.] // Acta Astronautica. - 1995. - Vol. 37, Is. C. - P385-394 . - ISSN 0094-5765
Кл.слова (ненормированные):
animal -- aquaculture -- article -- biomass -- construction work and architectural phenomena -- Cyprinodontiformes -- filtration -- growth, development and aging -- human -- microbiology -- microclimate -- moon -- nutritional value -- photoperiodicity -- plant -- space flight -- standard -- Tilapia -- waste management -- water management -- wheat -- Animals -- Aquaculture -- Biomass -- Cyprinodontiformes -- Ecological Systems, Closed -- Facility Design and Construction -- Filtration -- Humans -- Life Support Systems -- Moon -- Nutritive Value -- Photoperiod -- Plants, Edible -- Space Flight -- Tilapia -- Triticum -- Waste Management -- Water Microbiology -- Water Purification
Аннотация: To create a life support system based on biological and physical-chemical processes is the optimum solution providing full-valued condidtions for existence and efficient work of people at a lunar base. Long-standing experinece in experimental research or closed ecosystems and their components allows us to suggest a realistic functional structure of the lunar base and to estimate qualitatively its parameters. The original restrictions are as follows: 1) the basic source of energy to support the biological processes has to be the solar radiation; 2) the initial amount of basic biological elelments forming the turnover of substances (C, O, H, P, K, N) has to be delivered from Earth; 3). Moon materials are not to be used in the biological turnover inside the base; 4) the base is to supply the crew fully with atmosphere and water, and with 90% (A scenario) or 40% (B scenario) of food. Experimental data about the plant productivity under the "Moon" rhythm of light and darkness allow us to suggest that the A scenario requires per one human: plant area - 40 m2 irradiated during the lunar day by 250-300 W/m2 PAR producing 1250 g of dry biomass a terrestrial day; a heterotrophic component of "biological incineration" of inedible plant biomass (800 g/day) including the aquaculture of fish to produce animal products and contaminating the environment less than birds and mammals, and the culture of edible mushrooms; a component of physical-chemical correction for the LSS envi ronment including the subsystems of: deep oxidation of organic impurities in the atmosphere and of water, organic wastes of human activity and that biological components (420 g/day) Co2 concentration in "Moon" nights, damping O2 in "Moon" days, etc. The stock of presotred or delivered from Earth substances (food additions, seeds, etc.) to be involved in biological turnover is to be about 50 kg/year per man. Increase of the mass of prestored substances per man up to 220 kg/year would reduce twice the plant area and consumed amount of radiant energy to exclude the components of "biological incineration" and physical-chemical destruction of organic wastes. В© 1995.

Scopus
Держатели документа:
Institute of Biophysics (Russian Academy of Sciences, Siberian Branch) Krasnoyarsk, Russian Federation
Ruhr-University of Bochum, C.E.B.A.S. Center of Excellence., Bochum, Germany
Institute of Medical-Biological Problems, Moscow, Russian Federation : 660036, Красноярск, Академгородок, д. 50, стр. 50

Доп.точки доступа:
Gitelson, J.I.; V, B.; Grigoriev, A.I.; Lisovsky, G.M.; Manukovsky, N.S.; Sinyak, Y.u.E.; Ushakova, S.A.

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Perspectives of different type biological life support systems (BLSS) usage in space missions / S. I. Bartsev [et al.] // Acta Astronautica. - 1996. - Vol. 39, Is. 8. - P617-622, DOI 10.1016/S0094-5765(97)00012-X . - ISSN 0094-5765
Кл.слова (ненормированные):
article -- bacterium -- comparative study -- construction work and architectural phenomena -- environmental planning -- green alga -- human -- instrumentation -- mathematics -- microclimate -- moon -- plant -- quality of life -- space flight -- standard -- weightlessness -- Algae, Green -- Bacteria -- Ecological Systems, Closed -- Environment Design -- Environment, Controlled -- Facility Design and Construction -- Humans -- Life Support Systems -- Mathematics -- Moon -- Plants -- Quality of Life -- Space Flight -- Weightlessness -- Biology -- Life support systems (spacecraft) -- Spreadsheets -- Biological life support systems (BLSS) -- Lunar missions
Аннотация: In the paper an attempt is made to combine three important criteria of LSS comparison: minimum mass, maximum safety and maximum quality of life. Well-known types of BLSS were considered: with higher plant, higher plants and mushrooms, microalgae, and hydrogen-oxidizing bacteria. These BLSSs were compared in terms of "integrated" mass for the case of a vegetarian diet and a "normal" one (with animal proteins and fats). It was shown that the BLSS with higher plants and incineration of wastes becomes the best when the exploitation period is more than 1 yr. The dependence of higher plants' LSS structure on operation time was found. Comparison of BLSSs in terms of integral reliability (this criterion includes mass and quality of life criteria) for a lunar base scenario showed that BLSSs with higher plants are advantageous in reliability and comfort. This comparison was made for achieved level of technology of closing and for perspective one. В© 1997 Elsevier Science Ltd.

Scopus
Держатели документа:
Biophys. Inst. of SB RAS, Krasnoyarsk, 660036, Russian Federation : 660036, Красноярск, Академгородок, д. 50, стр. 50

Доп.точки доступа:
Bartsev, S.I.; Gitelson, J.I.; Lisovsky, G.M.; Mezhevikin, V.V.; Okhonin, V.A.

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Consistency of gas exchange of man and plants in a closed ecological system: Lines of attack on the problem / J. I. Gitelson, Yu. N. Okladnikov // Advances in Space Research. - 1996. - Vol. 18, Is. 1-2. - P205-210 . - ISSN 0273-1177
Кл.слова (ненормированные):
carbon dioxide -- oxygen -- article -- atmosphere -- biological model -- breathing -- human -- metabolism -- microclimate -- nutrition -- photosynthesis -- physiology -- plant -- plant physiology -- Atmosphere -- Carbon Dioxide -- Ecological Systems, Closed -- Humans -- Models, Biological -- Nutrition Physiology -- Oxygen -- Photosynthesis -- Plant Physiology -- Plants -- Respiration
Аннотация: Gas exchange between man and plants in a closed ecological system based on atmosphere regeneration by plant photosynthesis is made consistent by attaining the equilibrium of human CO2 discharge and the productivity of the gas consuming bioregenerator. In this case the gas exchange might be, however, qualitatively disturbed from the equilibrium in terms of oxygen making it accumulate or decrease continuously in the air of the system. Gas exchange equilibrium in terms of O2 was attained in long-term experiments by equality of the human respiration coefficient and the plant assimilation coefficient. Varying the ratio of these parameters it is possible to control the oxygen concentration in the atmosphere to be reclaimed.

Scopus
Держатели документа:
Institute of Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Siberian Branch, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russian Federation : 660036, Красноярск, Академгородок, д. 50, стр. 50

Доп.точки доступа:
Gitelson, J.I.; Okladnikov, Yu.N.

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10.

Impaired growth of plants cultivated in a closed system: Possible reasons / J. I. Gitelson [et al.] // Advances in Space Research. - 1997. - Vol. 20, Is. 10. - P1927-1930 . - ISSN 0273-1177
Кл.слова (ненормированные):
air conditioning -- air pollutant -- article -- culture medium -- growth, development and aging -- human -- hydroponics -- methodology -- microbiology -- microclimate -- plant -- sewage -- wheat -- Air Conditioning -- Air Pollutants -- Culture Media -- Ecological Systems, Closed -- Environment, Controlled -- Humans -- Hydroponics -- Life Support Systems -- Plants -- Triticum -- Waste Disposal, Fluid -- Water Microbiology
Аннотация: Plants in experiments on "man-higher plants" closed ecosystem (CES) have been demonstrated to have inhibited growth and reduced productivity due to three basic factors: prolonged usage of a permanent nutrient solution introduction into the nutrient medium of intra-system gray water, and closure of the system. Gray water was detrimental to plants the longer the nutrient solution was used. However, higher plant growth was mostly affected by the gaseous composition of the CES atmosphere, through accumulation of volatile substances. В© 1997 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd.

Scopus
Держатели документа:
Institute of Biophysics, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russian Federation : 660036, Красноярск, Академгородок, д. 50, стр. 50

Доп.точки доступа:
Gitelson, J.I.; Tirranen, L.S.; Borodina, E.V.; Rygalov, V.Ye.

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11.

Bios-3: Siberian experiments in bioregenerative life support / F. B. Salisbury, J. I. Gitelson, G. M. Lisovsky // BioScience. - 1997. - Vol. 47, Is. 9. - P575-585 . - ISSN 0006-3568
Кл.слова (ненормированные):
agriculture -- Chlorella -- construction work and architectural phenomena -- crop -- energy metabolism -- evaluation -- growth, development and aging -- human -- metabolism -- methodology -- microbiology -- microclimate -- NASA Discipline Life Support Systems -- Non-NASA Center -- photon -- review -- Russian Federation -- space flight -- NASA Discipline Life Support Systems -- Non-NASA Center -- Agriculture -- Chlorella -- Crops, Agricultural -- Ecological Systems, Closed -- Energy Metabolism -- Environment, Controlled -- Environmental Microbiology -- Evaluation Studies -- Facility Design and Construction -- Humans -- Life Support Systems -- Photons -- Siberia -- Space Flight -- Space Simulation

Scopus
Держатели документа:
Dept. Plants, Soils, Biometeorology, College of Agriculture, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322-4820, United States
Institute of Biophysics, Academy of Sciences of Russia, Siberian Branch, Krasnoyarsk, Russian Federation : 660036, Красноярск, Академгородок, д. 50, стр. 50

Доп.точки доступа:
Salisbury, F.B.; Gitelson, J.I.; Lisovsky, G.M.

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12.

Direct utilization of human liquid wastes by plants in a closed ecosystem / G. M. Lisovsky [et al.] // Advances in Space Research. - 1997. - Vol. 20, Is. 10. - P1801-1804 . - ISSN 0273-1177
Кл.слова (ненормированные):
fertilizer -- nitrogen -- sodium chloride -- urea -- article -- biomass -- culture medium -- feasibility study -- human -- metabolism -- methodology -- microclimate -- sewage -- urine -- waste management -- wheat -- Biomass -- Culture Media -- Ecological Systems, Closed -- Feasibility Studies -- Fertilizers -- Humans -- Nitrogen -- Sodium Chloride -- Triticum -- Urea -- Urine -- Waste Disposal, Fluid -- Waste Management
Аннотация: Model experiments in phytotrons have shown that urea is able to cover 70% of the demand in nitrogen of the conveyer cultivated wheat. At the same time wheat plants can directly utilize human liquid wastes. In this article by human liquid wastes the authors mean human urine only. In a long-term experiment on "man-higher plants" system with two crewmen, plants covered 63 m2, with wheat planted to - 39.6 m2. For 103 days, complete human urine (total amount - 210.7 1) wassupplied into the nutrient solution for wheat. In a month and a half NaCl supply into the nutrient solution stabilized at 0.9-1.65 g/l. This salination had no marked effect on wheat production. The experiment revealed the realistic feasibility to directly involve liquid wastes into the biological turnover of the life support system. The closure of the system, in terms of water, increased by 15.7% and the supply of nutrients for wheat plants into the system was decreased. Closedness of biological turnover of matter in a man-made "man - higher plants" ecological system might involve, among other processes, direct utilization of human liquid wastes by plants. The amount of urine comprises 15-20% of the total amount of water cycling within the system including water as part of food, household, hygiene and potable water necessary for man. What is more, it they contains most nitrogen-bearing compounds emitted by man, almost all of the NaCl and some other substances involved in the biological turnover. Human liquid wastes can be utilized either by preliminary physical-chemical treatment (evaporating or freezing out the water, finally oxidizing the organic matter, isolating the mineral components required for plants, etc.) and further involvement of the obtained products or by direct application into the nutrient solution for plants. The challenge of direct utilization is that plants have no need of Na+ and Cl-, and also the organic forms of nitrogen emitted by man cannot fully meet the demand of plants forthis element. Besides, hygienic and/or psychological reasons make it desirable to avoid direct use of liquid wastes in the nutrient solutions that would have direct contact with edible part of plants (tubers, roots, bulbs). Feasibility of direct utilization of liquid wastes by plants in a closed "man - higher plants" ecosystem has been experimentally studied on wheat - grain culture as a model plant with the edible part in the form of seeds spatially dissociated with the nutrient medium. The wheat covered 60-65% of the area under higher plants. The studies have been carried out in "Bios-3"experimental facility described in detail elsewhere (Lisovsky, 1979; Gitelson et al., 1989). В© 1997 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd.

Scopus
Держатели документа:
Inst. Biophys.-Russ. Acad. of Sci., Siberian Branch, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russian Federation : 660036, Красноярск, Академгородок, д. 50, стр. 50

Доп.точки доступа:
Lisovsky, G.M.; Gitelson, J.I.; Shilenko, M.P.; Gribovskaya, I.V.; Trubachev, I.N.

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13.

Catalase activity as a potential indicator of the reducer component of small closed ecosystems / A. B. Sarangova, L. A. Somova, T. I. Pisman // Advances in Space Research. - 1997. - Vol. 20, Is. 10. - P1945-1948 . - ISSN 0273-1177
Кл.слова (ненормированные):
carboxymethylcellulose -- catalase -- animal -- article -- Bacillus -- bacterial count -- Chlorella -- culture medium -- enzymology -- growth, development and aging -- metabolism -- microclimate -- Paramecium -- Animals -- Bacillus -- Carboxymethylcellulose -- Catalase -- Chlorella -- Colony Count, Microbial -- Culture Media -- Ecological Systems, Closed -- Paramecium
Аннотация: Dynamics of catalase activity has been shown to reflect the growth curve of microorganisms in batch cultivation (celluloselythic bacteria Bacillus acidocaldarius and bacteria of the associated microflora Chlorella vulgaris). Gas and substrate closure of the three component ecosystems with spatially separated components "producer-consumer-reducer" (Chl. vulgaris-Paramecium caudatum-B. acidocaldarius, two bacterial strains isolated from the associated microflora Chl. vulgaris) demonstrated that the functioning of the reducer component can be estimated by the catalase activity of microorganisms of this component. В© 1997 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd.

Scopus
Держатели документа:
Institute of Biophysics, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russian Federation : 660036, Красноярск, Академгородок, д. 50, стр. 50

Доп.точки доступа:
Sarangova, A.B.; Somova, L.A.; Pisman, T.I.

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14.

Experimental and mathematical models for small aqueous closed ecosystems with spatially separated components / T. I. Pisman [et al.] // Advances in Space Research. - 1999. - Vol. 24, Is. 3. - P361-366, DOI 10.1016/S0273-1177(99)00486-X . - ISSN 0273-1177
Кл.слова (ненормированные):
carbon dioxide -- nitrogen -- oxygen -- quaternary ammonium derivative -- aquatic environment -- artificial ecosystem -- ecological modeling -- trophic interaction -- animal -- article -- biological model -- Candida -- Chlorella -- fermentation -- mathematics -- metabolism -- microclimate -- Paramecium -- photosynthesis -- Animals -- Candida -- Carbon Dioxide -- Chlorella -- Ecological Systems, Closed -- Fermentation -- Mathematics -- Models, Biological -- Nitrogen -- Oxygen -- Paramecium -- Photosynthesis -- Quaternary Ammonium Compounds
Аннотация: Experimental and theoretical models of closed 'autotroph-heteretroph' (chlorella-yeast, chlorella- protozoa) ecosystems with spatially separated components have been created and studied. The chart of flows and interaction of components of gas-closed 'chlorella-yeast' system have formed the basis describe mathematically the functioning of the given system, experimental results have been found to agree with computer solution of the problem in terms of quality. Investigation of the experimental model of the 'producer-consumer' trophic chain demonstrated the role of protozoa in nitrogen turnover. 'Production-decomposition' and 'production-grazing-decomposition' cycle models has been theoretically analyzed and compared. The predator has been shown to be a more intensive mineralizer than the reducer component.

Scopus
Держатели документа:
Institute of Biophysics (Russian Academy of Sciences, Siberian Branch), Krasnoyarsk 6600036, Russian Federation : 660036, Красноярск, Академгородок, д. 50, стр. 50

Доп.точки доступа:
Pisman, T.I.; Pechurkin, N.S.; Babkin, A.V.; Somova, L.A.; Sarangova, A.B.

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15.

Small artificial ecosystems: response to variation of environmental factors (CO2 enrichment). / L. A. Somova [et al.] // Life support & biosphere science : international journal of earth space. - 1999. - Vol. 6, Is. 3. - P215-220 . - ISSN 1069-9422
Кл.слова (ненормированные):
carbon -- carbon dioxide -- article -- biomass -- comparative study -- drug effect -- ecosystem -- growth, development and aging -- metabolism -- microbiology -- microclimate -- photosynthesis -- plant seed -- Pseudomonas -- wheat -- Biomass -- Carbon -- Carbon Dioxide -- Ecosystem -- Environment, Controlled -- Photosynthesis -- Pseudomonas -- Seeds -- Soil Microbiology -- Triticum
Аннотация: Response of "wheat plants--rhizospheric microorganisms--artificial soil"--a simple terrestrial ecosystem--to carbon dioxide increased in its atmosphere to 0.06% has been studied. It has been experimentally demonstrated that a simple ecosystem develops and functions different from its individual elements (components), in this case "plants-artificial soil" without microorganisms. With mineral nutrition unlimited and CO2 enrichment the system is capable of binding (involving into turnover) 40% more carbon than the system without microorganisms. With material balance as the basis, this article evaluates the contribution of a system's elements into its development, namely, the contribution of the photosynthesizing component and the contribution of microorganisms.

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Держатели документа:
Institute of Biophysics, (Russian Academy of Sciences, Siberian Branch), Krasnoyarsk, Russia. : 660036, Красноярск, Академгородок, д. 50, стр. 50

Доп.точки доступа:
Somova, L.A.; Pechurkin, N.S.; Sarangova, A.B.; Pisman, T.I.; Polonsky, V.I.; Sadovskay, G.M.

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16.

Key factors in development of man-made and natural ecosystems / N. S. Pechurkin // Advances in Space Research. - 1999. - Vol. 24, Is. 3. - P377-381, DOI 10.1016/S0273-1177(99)00321-X . - ISSN 0273-1177
Кл.слова (ненормированные):
artificial ecosystem -- ecosystem function -- article -- ecosystem -- microbiology -- microclimate -- Ecological Systems, Closed -- Ecosystem -- Environmental Microbiology -- Life Support Systems -- Soil Microbiology
Аннотация: Key factors of ecosystem functioning are of the same nature for artificial and natural types. An hierarchical approach gives the opportunity for estimation of the quantitative behavior of both individual links and the system as a whole. At the organismic level we can use interactions of studied macroorganisms (man, animal, higher plant) with selected microorganisms as key indicating factors of the organisms immune status. The most informative factor for the population/community level is an age structure of populations and relationships of domination/elimination. The integrated key factors of the ecosystems level are productivity and rates of cycling of the limiting substances. The key factors approach is of great value for growth regulations and monitoring the state of any ecosystem, including the life support system (LSS)-type.

Scopus
Держатели документа:
Institute of Biophysics, Academgorodok, 660036, Krasnoyarsk, Russian Federation : 660036, Красноярск, Академгородок, д. 50, стр. 50

Доп.точки доступа:
Pechurkin, N.S.

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17.

Modelling of genetically engineered microorganisms introduction in closed artificial microcosms / N. S. Pechurkin [et al.] // Advances in Space Research. - 1999. - Vol. 24, Is. 3. - P335-341, DOI 10.1016/S0273-1177(99)00320-8 . - ISSN 0273-1177
Кл.слова (ненормированные):
aquatic environment -- artificial ecosystem -- ecological modeling -- genetically modified organism -- alga -- animal -- article -- bacterial count -- bacterial gene -- biological model -- biomass -- Escherichia coli -- feasibility study -- genetic engineering -- genetics -- growth, development and aging -- microbiology -- microclimate -- Photobacterium -- plasmid -- protozoon -- time -- yeast -- Algae -- Animals -- Biomass -- Colony Count, Microbial -- Ecological Systems, Closed -- Escherichia coli -- Feasibility Studies -- Genes, Bacterial -- Genetic Engineering -- Models, Biological -- Photobacterium -- Plasmids -- Protozoa -- Time Factors -- Water Microbiology -- Yeasts
Аннотация: The possibility of introducing genetically engineered microorganisms (GEM) into simple biotic cycles of laboratory water microcosms was investigated. The survival of the recombinant strain Escherichia coli Z905 (Ap(r), Lux+) in microcosms depends on the type of model ecosystems. During the absence of algae blooming in the model ecosystem, the part of plasmid-containing cells E.coli decreased fast, and the structure of the plasmid was also modified. In conditions of algae blooming (Ankistrodesmus sp.) an almost total maintenance of plasmid-containing cells was observed in E.coli population. A mathematics model of GEM's behavior in water ecosystems with different level of complexity has been formulated. Mechanisms causing the difference in luminescent exhibition of different species are discussed, and attempts are made to forecast the GEM's behavior in water ecosystems.

Scopus
Держатели документа:
Institute of Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Siberian Branch, Krasnoyarsk, Russian Federation
Krasnoyarsk State University, Krasnoyarsk, Russian Federation : 660036, Красноярск, Академгородок, д. 50, стр. 50

Доп.точки доступа:
Pechurkin, N.S.; Brilkov, A.V.; Ganusov, V.V.; Kargatova, T.V.; Maksimova, E.E.; Popova, L.Yu.

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18.

Hydrogen bacteria as a potential regenerative LSS component and producer of ecologically clean degradable plastic. / T. Volova [et al.] // Life support & biosphere science : international journal of earth space. - 1999. - Vol. 6, Is. 3. - P209-213 . - ISSN 1069-9422
Кл.слова (ненормированные):
carbon dioxide -- hydroxybutyric acid -- polymer -- air conditioning -- article -- biomass -- catering service -- chemistry -- metabolism -- methodology -- microclimate -- urine -- waste management -- water management -- Wautersia eutropha -- Air Conditioning -- Biomass -- Carbon Dioxide -- Cupriavidus necator -- Ecological Systems, Closed -- Food Supply -- Hydroxybutyrates -- Life Support Systems -- Polymers -- Urine -- Waste Management -- Water Purification

Scopus
Держатели документа:
Institute of Biophysics (Russian Academy of Sciences, Siberian Branch) Krasnoyarsk, Russia. : 660036, Красноярск, Академгородок, д. 50, стр. 50

Доп.точки доступа:
Volova, T.; Gitelson, J.; Terskov, I.; Sidko, F.

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19.

Experimental models of small closed systems with spatially separated unicellular organism-based components. / T. I. Pis'man [et al.] // Life support & biosphere science : international journal of earth space. - 1999. - Vol. 6, Is. 2. - P133-139 . - ISSN 1069-9422
Кл.слова (ненормированные):
carbon dioxide -- nitrogen -- animal -- article -- biomass -- Candida -- Chlorella -- ecosystem -- growth, development and aging -- metabolism -- microclimate -- Paramecium -- photosynthesis -- physiology -- Animals -- Biomass -- Candida -- Carbon Dioxide -- Chlorella -- Ecological Systems, Closed -- Ecosystem -- Nitrogen -- Paramecium -- Photosynthesis
Аннотация: Experimental models of small biotic cycles of different degree of closure and complexity with spatially separated components based on unicellular organisms have been studied. Gas closure of components looped into "autotroph-heterotroph" (chlorella-yeast) system doubled the lifetime of the system (as opposed to individually cultivated components). Higher complexity of the heterotroph component consisting of two yeast species also increased the lifetime of the system through more complete utilization of the substrate by competing yeast species. The lifetime of gas and substrate closed "producer-consumer" trophic chain (chlorella-paramecia) increased to 7 months. In 60 days the components' numbers reached their steady state followed by more than 40 cycles of the medium. The role of a predator organism (protozoan) in nitrogen cycling was demonstrated; reproduction of protozoa correlated directly with their emission of nitrogen in the ammonia form that is most optimum for growth of chlorella.

Scopus
Держатели документа:
Institute of Biophysics (Russian Academy of Sciences, Siberian Branch), Krasnoyarsk, Russia. : 660036, Красноярск, Академгородок, д. 50, стр. 50

Доп.точки доступа:
Pis'man, T.I.; Pechurkin, N.S.; Sarangova, A.B.; Somova, L.A.

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20.

Methodology of biospherics for theoretical sciences and practical use. / N. S. Pechurkin, T. Maryasova // Life support & biosphere science : international journal of earth space. - 2000. - Vol. 7, Is. 2. - P219-224 . - ISSN 1069-9422
Кл.слова (ненормированные):
article -- biomass -- ecosystem -- energy metabolism -- food chain -- microclimate -- theoretical model -- Biomass -- Ecological Systems, Closed -- Ecosystem -- Energy Metabolism -- Food Chain -- Life Support Systems -- Models, Theoretical
Аннотация: This article deals with some methodological aspects of biospherics connected with theoretical sciences development and prospective use for practical application. Properties of experimental objects, methods and goals of biospherics as synthesising science have been discussed. The problem of stability of incomplete (natural and artificial) ecosystems has been considered. The concept of the ecosystem health based on effective functioning of different types of ecosystems has been developed.

Scopus
Держатели документа:
Institute of Biophysics, SBRAS, Krasnoyarsk, Russia. : 660036, Красноярск, Академгородок, д. 50, стр. 50

Доп.точки доступа:
Pechurkin, N.S.; Maryasova, T.

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