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Каталог книг и продолжающихся изданий библиотеки Института биофизики СО РАН

Иностранные журналы библиотеки Института биофизики СО РАН

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Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Velichko V. V., Tikhomirov A. A., Ushakova S. A., Trifonov S. V., Gribovskaya I. V.
Заглавие : The effect of supplementation of the soil-like substrate with wheat straw mineralized to different degrees on wheat productivity in closed ecosystems
Место публикации : Life Sci. Space Res.: Elsevier Ltd, 2020. - Vol. 26. - С. 132-139. - ISSN 22145524 (ISSN), DOI 10.1016/j.lssr.2020.06.001
Аннотация: Successful incorporation of soil-like substrate (SLS) into biotechnical life support systems is often complicated by the necessity to maintain the balance between flows of mineral elements taken up from the substrate by growing plants and mineral elements added to the SLS as components of mineralized plant inedible biomass. An imbalance between these two flows can be caused by the addition of recalcitrant plant waste such as wheat straw. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the availability of essential nutrients to be taken up by the roots of the wheat plants grown on the SLS could be enhanced by supplementing the SLS with the products derived from wheat straw subjected to different levels of physicochemical mineralization in the aqueous solution of hydrogen peroxide. Different degrees of straw mineralization were achieved by using different ratios of the aqueous solution of hydrogen peroxide to straw. The study showed that supplementation of the SLS with insufficiently oxidized products of physicochemical mineralization of straw resulted in a decrease in the grain yields. The inhibitory effect of the straw subjected to physicochemical oxidation increased with a decrease in the degree to which the straw had been oxidized. Only supplementation with the straw mineralized to the highest possible degree did not inhibit plant growth and development, and the crop yield in that treatment was higher than in the other treatments. © 2020
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Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Trifonov S. V., Morozov Y. A., Kozlova T. A.
Заглавие : Processing of household waste in the BTLSS using the wet combustion method
Место публикации : Life Sci. Space Res.: Elsevier Ltd, 2019. - Vol. 21. - С. 22-24. - ISSN 22145524 (ISSN) , DOI 10.1016/j.lssr.2019.02.003
Аннотация: The present study discusses physicochemical methods of organic waste processing in closed biotechnical life support systems (BTLSS). Sanitary and household cotton wastes were processed by the method of wet combustion in hydrogen peroxide using an alternating current electric field – a promising physicochemical method for organic waste processing in the BTLSS. The highest efficiency of the process (in terms of power consumption, duration of the process, and oxidation rate) was achieved in experiments with oxidation of a combination of cotton fabrics and urea-containing wastes such as human urine and feces. The reason for this must be that urea is a reactive aqueous solvent of cellulose. © 2019
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Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Velichko V. V., Tikhomirov A. A., Ushakova S. A.
Заглавие : Estimating CO2 gas exchange in mixed age vegetable plant communities grown on soil-like substrates for life support systems
Место публикации : Life Sci. Space Res.: Elsevier Ltd, 2018. - Vol. 16. - С. 47-51. - ISSN 22145524 (ISSN) , DOI 10.1016/j.lssr.2017.11.001
Ключевые слова (''Своб.индексиров.''): bioconversion of plant waste--co2 gas exchange--conveyor mode--plant cultivation--soil-like substrate--carbon dioxide--article--atmosphere--beet--carrot--concentration (parameters)--cyperus esculentus--gas exchange--genetic variation--microclimate--nonhuman--plant age--plant community--plant growth--planting density--priority journal--reproducibility--soil and soil related phenomena--soil like substrate--vegetable
Аннотация: If soil-like substrate (SLS) is to be used in human life support systems with a high degree of mass closure, the rate of its gas exchange as a compartment for mineralization of plant biomass should be understood. The purpose of this study was to compare variations in CO2 gas exchange of vegetable plant communities grown on the soil-like substrate using a number of plant age groups, which determined the so-called conveyor interval. Two experimental plant communities were grown as plant conveyors with different conveyor intervals. The first plant community consisted of conveyors with intervals of 7 days for carrot and beet and 14 days for chufa sedge. The conveyor intervals in the second plant community were 14 days for carrot and beet and 28 days for chufa sedge. This study showed that increasing the number of age groups in the conveyor and, thus, increasing the frequency of adding plant waste to the SLS, decreased the range of variations in CO2 concentration in the “plant–soil-like substrate” system. However, the resultant CO2 gas exchange was shifted towards CO2 release to the atmosphere of the plant community with short conveyor intervals. The duration of the conveyor interval did not significantly affect productivity and mineral composition of plants grown on the SLS. © 2017
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Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Trifonov S. V., Kudenko Y. A., Tikhomirov A. A.
Заглавие : Prospects for using a full-scale installation for wet combustion of organic wastes in closed life support systems
Место публикации : Life Sci. Space Res. - 2015. - Vol. 7. - С. 15-21. - ISSN 22145524 (ISSN) , DOI 10.1016/j.lssr.2015.08.003
Ключевые слова (''Своб.индексиров.''): automatic control--human waste--life support system--physicochemical oxidation--radish growth--hydrogen peroxide--alternating current--article--closed life support system--combustion--control system--electric field--electricity--human--microclimate--mineralization--organic waste--oxidation--radish--recycling--scale up--waste--wet combustion
Аннотация: The issue of recycling organic wastes in closed life support systems (CLSS) includes both fundamental aspects of environmental safety of the recycled products and their effective involvement in material cycles and technical aspects related to the structure of the system and the crew's demands. This study estimates the effectiveness of wet combustion of different amounts of organic wastes in hydrogen peroxide under application of an alternating current electric field. The study also addresses the possibility of controlling the process automatically. The results show that processing of greater amounts of wastes reduces specific power consumption and shortens the duration of the process, without significantly affecting the level of oxidation of the products. An automatic control system for a semi-commercial installation has been constructed and tested experimentally. The solution of mineralized human wastes prepared in the automatically controlled process in this installation was successfully used to grow radish plants, with the main production parameters being similar to those of the control. © 2015 The Committee on Space Research (COSPAR). Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Tikhomirov A.A., Kudenko Y.A., Degermendzhi A.G., Trifonov S.V., Sutormina E.F., Ivanova Y.A.
Заглавие : Assessment of composition and toxicity for plants of gases produced during physicochemical processing of human exometabolites as applied to biotechnical life support systems
Место публикации : Doklady Biochemistry and Biophysics. - 2011. - Vol. 441, Is. 1. - С. 252-254. - ISSN 16076729 (ISSN) , DOI 10.1134/S1607672911060032
Ключевые слова (''Своб.индексиров.''): ammonia--carbon dioxide--nitrogen oxide--oxygen--article--biomass--bioremediation--drug effect--gas--growth, development and aging--human--instrumentation--methodology--microclimate--plant--waste management--ammonia--biodegradation, environmental--biomass--carbon dioxide--ecological systems, closed--gases--humans--life support systems--nitrogen oxides--oxygen--plants--waste management
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Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Ushakova S.A., Zolotukhin I.G., Tikhomirov A.A., Tikhomirova N.A., Kudenko Yu.A., Gribovskaya I.V., Balnokin Yu., Gros J.B.
Заглавие : Some methods for human liquid and solid waste utilization in bioregenerative life-support systems
Место публикации : Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology. - 2008. - Vol. 151, Is. 2-3. - С. 676-685. - ISSN 02732289 (ISSN) , DOI 10.1007/s12010-008-8291-3
Ключевые слова (''Своб.индексиров.''): closure--human waste--life-support systems--salicornia--sodium chloride--above-ground biomass--biological lives--bioregenerative--closure--cultivation process--culture methods--human waste--irrigation waters--life-support systems--manned space missions--mineral elements--physico-chemical methods--salicornia--salicornia europaea--salt-tolerant--soil-like substrates--biomass--body fluids--electrodialysis--grain (agricultural product)--irrigation--liquids--metal refining--minerals--mining--oxidation--plant shutdowns--sodium chloride--soils--solid wastes--substrates--water supply--vegetation--article--biomass--controlled study--electrodialysis--halophyte--irrigation (agriculture)--microclimate--nonhuman--recycling--salicornia europaea--solid waste--bioremediation--dialysis--feces--goosefoot--growth, development and aging--human--methodology--salt tolerance--urine--waste management--wheat--batis maritima--salicornia--salicornia europaea--triticum aestivum--biodegradation, environmental--chenopodiaceae--dialysis--feces--humans--life support systems--salt-tolerance--triticum--urine--waste management
Аннотация: Bioregenerative life-support systems (BLSS) are studied for developing the technology for a future biological life-support system for long-term manned space missions. Ways to utilize human liquid and solid wastes to increase the closure degree of BLSS were investigated. First, urine and faeces underwent oxidation by Kudenko's physicochemical method. The products were then used for root nutrition of wheat grown by the soil-like substrate culture method. Two means of eliminating sodium chloride, introduced into the irrigation solution together with the products of urine oxidation, were investigated. The first was based on routine electrodialysis of irrigation water at the end of wheat vegetation. Dialysis eliminated about 50% of Na from the solution. This desalinization was performed for nine vegetations. The second method was new: after wheat cultivation, the irrigation solution and the solution obtained by washing the substrate containing mineral elements not absorbed by the plants were used to grow salt-tolerant Salicornia europaea L. plants (saltwort). The above-ground biomass of this plant can be used as a food, and roots can be added to the soil-like substrate. Four consecutive wheat and Salicornia vegetations were cultivated. As a result of this wheat and Salicornia cultivation process, the soil-like substrate salinization by NaCl were considerably decreased. В© 2008 Humana Press.
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Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Manukovsky N.S., Kovalev V.S., Somova L.A., Gurevich Yu.L., Sadovsky M.G.
Заглавие : Material balance and diet in bioregenerative life support systems: Connection with coefficient of closure
Место публикации : Advances in Space Research. - 2005. - Vol. 35, Is. 9 SPEC. ISS. - С. 1563-1569. - ISSN 02731177 (ISSN) , DOI 10.1016/j.asr.2005.01.002
Ключевые слова (''Своб.индексиров.''): bioregenerative life support system--coefficient of closure--diet--soil-like substrate--additives--degradation--materials balance--nitrogen--nutrition--stoichiometry--bioregenerative life support systems--coefficient of closure--soil-like substrates--life support systems (spacecraft)--vegetable protein--biomass--conference paper--culture medium--diet--feces--growth, development and aging--human--methodology--microclimate--plant--urine--waste management--biomass--culture media--diet--ecological systems, closed--feces--humans--life support systems--plant proteins--plants, edible--urine--waste management
Аннотация: Bioregenerative life support systems (BLSS) with different coefficients of closure are considered. The 66.2% coefficient of closure achieved in "BIOS-3" facility experiments has been taken as a base value. The increase in coefficient of closure up to 72.6-93.0% is planned due to use of soil-like substrate (SLS) and concentrating of urine. Food values were estimated both in a base variant ("BIOS-3"), and with increases in the coefficient of closure. It is shown that food requirements will be more fully satisfied by internal crop production with an increase in the coefficient of closure of the BLSS. Changes of massflow rates on an 'input-output' and inside BLSS are considered. Equations of synthesis and degradation of organic substances in BLSS were examined using a stoichiometric model. The paper shows that at incomplete closure of BLSS containing SLS there is a problem of nitrogen balancing. To compensate for the removal of nitrogen from the system in urine and feces, it is necessary to introduce food and a nitrogen-containing additive. В© 2005 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Galayda Ya.V., Pechurkin N.S., Shirobokova I.M., Pisman T.I.
Заглавие : Kinetic characteristics of the theoretical ecosystems with different extent of openness
Место публикации : Advances in Space Research. - 2005. - Vol. 35, Is. 9 SPEC. ISS. - С. 1516-1520. - ISSN 02731177 (ISSN) , DOI 10.1016/j.asr.2005.01.034
Ключевые слова (''Своб.индексиров.''): mathematic modeling--net primary production--residual concentration of biogenic limiting substances--trophic chain length--mathematic modeling--net primary production--residual concentration of biogenic limiting substances--trophic chain length--characterization--degradation--kinetic theory--mathematical models--nitrogen--phosphorus--recycling--surface waters--ecosystems--biological model--biomass--bioremediation--conference paper--ecosystem--food chain--microclimate--biodegradation, environmental--biomass--ecological systems, closed--ecosystem--food chain--life support systems--models, biological
Аннотация: In this paper, the influence of the extent of openness of ecosystem that is defined by the dilution rate, which characterizes the extent of flowage of the pond, on the intensity of the biotic circulation in ecosystems with different regulation types, number of trophic links and extent of closing has been investigated. We considered open systems, we took into account the return of the limiting substances, such as nitrogen and phosphorous, into the cycle by degradation of detritus and products of vital functions of consumers. It was shown by the numerical calculations that the increase of the dilution rate in without recycle ecosystems leads to increase of the net primary production up to the maximum value corresponding to the two-link trophic chain (biogenic substance and producer) and then, to gradually decrease. The residual concentration of biogenic limiting substances monotone increases. Net primary production and residual concentration of biogenic limiting substances in systems with recycle with even number of links behaves similarly to that in without recycle ecosystems. In the systems with recycle with the odd number of links that values lies on the stable level. We showed that in wide range of the dilution rate the recycling of the ecosystem can highly increase the net primary production and reduce residual concentration of biogenic limiting substances. The influence of the dilution rate on numbers of links that may exist in the system was analyzed. В© 2005 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Somova L.A., Pechurkin N.S.
Заглавие : Management and control of microbial populations' development in LSS of missions of different durations
Место публикации : Advances in Space Research. - 2005. - Vol. 35, Is. 9 SPEC. ISS. - С. 1621-1625. - ISSN 02731177 (ISSN) , DOI 10.1016/j.asr.2004.12.046
Ключевые слова (''Своб.индексиров.''): long-term missions--lss--macro- and microorganism--microbial populations--ecosystems--population statistics--probability--recycling--life support systems (lss)--long-term mission--macro-and microorganism--microbial populations--microorganisms--aerospace medicine--bioreactor--bioremediation--chlorella--conference paper--drug resistance--human--hygiene--immune system--instrumentation--methodology--microbiology--microclimate--physiology--space flight--waste management--weightlessness--aerospace medicine--biodegradation, environmental--bioreactors--chlorella--drug resistance--ecological systems, closed--environmental microbiology--humans--hygiene--immune system--life support systems--space flight--waste management--weightlessness
Аннотация: The problem of interaction between man and microorganisms in closed habitats is an inextricable part of the whole problem of co-existence between macro- and microorganisms. Concerning the support of human life in closed habitat, we can, conventionally, divide microorganisms, acting in life support system (LSS) into three groups: useful, neutral and harmful. The tasks, for human beings for optimal coexistence with microhabitants seem to be trivial: (1) to increase the activity of useful forms, (2) decrease the activity harmful forms, (3) not allow the neutral forms to become the harmful ones and even to help them to gain useful activity. The task of efficient management and control of microbial population's development in LSS highly depends on mission duration. As for short-term missions without recycling, the proper hygienic procedures are developed. For longer missions, the probability of transformation of the neutral forms into the harmful ones is becoming more dangerous. The LSS for long-term missions are to use cycling-recycling systems, including system with biological recycling. In these systems, microbial populations as regenerative link should be useful and active agents. Some problems of microbial populations control and management are discussed in the paper. В© 2005 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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10.

Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Somova L.A., Pechurkin N.S., Pisman T.I.
Заглавие : Principles of biological adaptation of organisms in artificial ecosystems to changes of environmental factors
Место публикации : Advances in Space Research. - 2005. - Vol. 35, Is. 9 SPEC. ISS. - С. 1512-1515. - ISSN 02731177 (ISSN) , DOI 10.1016/j.asr.2004.12.038
Ключевые слова (''Своб.индексиров.''): artificial ecosystems--biotic cycles--microorganisms--energy utilization--environmental impact--microorganisms--plants (botany)--purification--water--aes--artificial ecosystems--biotic cycles--material transformations--ecosystems--bioremediation--comparative study--conference paper--ecosystem--methodology--microbiology--microclimate--plant--sewage--waste management--water management--biodegradation, environmental--ecological systems, closed--ecosystem--environmental microbiology--life support systems--plants--sewage--soil microbiology--waste management--water purification
Аннотация: Studying material transformations and biotic cycling in artificial ecosystems (AES), we need to know the principles of biological adaptation of active organisms to change in the environment. Microorganisms in AES for water purification are the most active transforming organisms and consumers of the organic substances contained in wastes. Utilization of organic substances is directly connected with the energy fluxes used by AES. According to energy criteria, the energy fluxes used by a biological system tend to reach maximum values under stable conditions. Unutilized substrate concentration decreases as a result of biological adaptations. After a dramatic change in environmental factors, for example, after a sharp increase in the flow rate of organic substances, the biological system is not able to react quickly. The concentration of unutilized substrate increases and the energy flux used by the biological system decreases. The structure of the microbial community also changes, with a decrease in biological diversity. The efficiency of energy use by simple terrestrial ecosystems depends on the energetic intensity and interactions between plants and rhizospheric microorganisms. В© 2005 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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11.

Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Zolotukhin I.G., Tikhomirov A.A., Kudenko Yu.A., Gribovskaya I.V.
Заглавие : Biological and physicochemical methods for utilization of plant wastes and human exometabolites for increasing internal cycling and closure of life support systems
Место публикации : Advances in Space Research. - 2005. - Vol. 35, Is. 9 SPEC. ISS. - С. 1559-1562. - ISSN 02731177 (ISSN) , DOI 10.1016/j.asr.2005.01.006
Ключевые слова (''Своб.индексиров.''): blss--desalting--higher plants--nacl utilization--sls--biomass--crops--decomposition--electrodialysis--harvesting--metabolites--soils--wastes--blss--higher plants--nacl utilization--sls--plants (botany)--biomass--decay--deionization--harvesting--plants--soil--wastes--wheat--sodium chloride--article--biomass--bioremediation--culture medium--feces--growth, development and aging--human--metabolism--methodology--microbiology--microclimate--urine--waste management--wheat--biodegradation, environmental--biomass--culture media--ecological systems, closed--feces--humans--life support systems--sodium chloride--soil microbiology--triticum--urine--waste management
Аннотация: Wheat was cultivated on soil-like substrate (SLS) produced by the action of worms and microflora from the inedible biomass of wheat. After the growth of the wheat crop, the inedible biomass was restored in SLS and exposed to decomposition ("biological" combustion) and its mineral compounds were assimilated by plants. Grain was returned to the SLS in the amount equivalent to human solid waste produced by consumption of the grain. Human wastes (urine and feces) after physicochemical processing turned into mineralized form (mineralized urine and mineralized feces) and entered the plants' nutrient solution amounts equal to average daily production. Periodically (once every 60-70 days) the nutrient solution was partly (up to 50%) desalinated by electrodialysis. Due to this NaCl concentration in the nutrient solution was sustained at a fixed level of about 0.26%. The salt concentrate obtained could be used in the human nutrition through NaCl extraction and the residuary elements were returned through the mineralized human liquid wastes into matter turnover. The control wheat cultivation was carried out on peat with use of the Knop nutrient solution. Serial cultivation of several wheat vegetations within 280 days was conducted during the experiment. Grain output varied and yield/harvest depended, in large part, upon the amount of inedible biomass returned to SLS and the speed of its decomposition. After achieving a stationary regime, (when the quantity of wheat inedible biomass utilized during vegetation in SLS is equal to the quantity of biomass introduced into SLS before vegetation) grain harvest in comparison with the control was at most 30% less, and in some cases was comparable to the control harvest values. The investigations carried out on the wheat example demonstrated in principle the possibility of long-term functioning of the LSS photosynthesizing link based on optimizations of biological and physicochemical methods of utilization of the human and plants wastes. The possibilities for the use of these technologies for the creation integrated biological-physicochemical LSS with high closure degree of internal matter turnover are discussed in this paper. В© 2005 Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of COSPAR.
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12.

Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Tikhomirova N.A., Ushakova S.A., Kovaleva N.P., Gribovskaya I.V., Tikhomirov A.A.
Заглавие : Influence of high concentrations of mineral salts on production process and NaCl accumulation by Salicornia europaea plants as a constituent of the LSS phototroph link
Место публикации : Advances in Space Research. - 2005. - Vol. 35, Is. 9 SPEC. ISS. - С. 1589-1593. - ISSN 02731177 (ISSN) , DOI 10.1016/j.asr.2005.01.055
Ключевые слова (''Своб.индексиров.''): blss--intensity of par--mineral nutrition--productivity--salicornia europaea--biomass--concentration (process)--nitrogen--nutrition--photosynthesis--productivity--sodium chloride--bioregenerative life support systems (blss)--intensity of par--mineral nutrition--salicornia europaea--plants (botany)--calcium--magnesium--nitrogen--phosphorus--potassium--sodium chloride--sulfur--urea--biomass--conference paper--culture medium--dose response--drug effect--goosefoot--growth, development and aging--human--light--metabolism--microclimate--radiation exposure--urine--biomass--calcium--chenopodiaceae--culture media--dose-response relationship, drug--ecological systems, closed--humans--life support systems--light--magnesium--nitrogen--phosphorus--potassium--sodium chloride--sulfur--urea--urine
Аннотация: Use of halophytes (salt-tolerant vegetation), in a particular vegetable Salicornia europaea plants which are capable of utilizing NaCl in rather high concentrations, is one of possible means of NaCl incorporation into mass exchange of bioregenerative life support systems. In preliminary experiments it was shown that S. europaea plants, basically, could grow on urine pretreated with physicochemical processing and urease-enzyme decomposing of urea with the subsequent ammonia distillation. But at the same time inhibition of the growth process of the plants was observed. The purpose of the given work was to find out the influence of excessive quantities of some mineral elements contained in products of physicochemical processing of urine on the production process and NaCl accumulation by S. europaea plants. As the content of mineral salts in the human liquid wastes (urine) changed within certain limits, two variants of experimental solutions were examined. In the first variant, the concentration of mineral salts was equivalent to the minimum salt content in the urine and was: K - 1.5 g/l, P - 0.5 g/l, S - 0.5 g/l, Mg - 0.07 g/l, Ca - 0.2 g/l. In the second experimental variant, the content of mineral salts corresponded to the maximum salt content in urine and was the following: K - 3.0 g/l, P - 0.7 g/l, S - 1.2 g/l, Mg - 0.2 g/l, Ca - 0.97 g/l. As the control, the Tokarev nutrient solution containing nitrogen in the form of a urea, and the Knop nutrient solution with nitrogen in the nitrate form were used. N quantity in all four variants made up 177 mg/l. Air temperature was 24 В°C, illumination was continuous. Light intensity was 690 ?mol/m2s of photosynthetically active radiation. NaCl concentration in solutions was 1%. Our researches showed that the dry aboveground biomass of an average plant of the first variant practically did not differ from the control and totaled 11 g. In the second variant, S. europaea productivity decreased and the dry aboveground biomass of an average plant totaled 8 g. The increase of K quantity in the experimental solutions resulted in an elevated content of the element in the plants. The increase of K uptake in the second experimental variant was accompanied by a 30-50% decrease of Na content in comparison with the other variants. Comparative Na content in the other variants was practically identical. N, Mg and P content in the control and experimental variants was also practically identical. The increase of S quantity in the second experimental variant also increased S uptake by the plants. But Ca quantity, accumulated in aboveground plants biomass in the experimental variants was lower than in the control. NaCl uptake by plants, depending on the concentration of mineral salts in the experimental solutions, ranged from 8 g (maximum salt content) up to 15 g (minimum salt content) on a plant growth area that totaled 0.032 m2. Thus, high concentrations of mineral salts simulating the content of mineral salts contained in urine did not result in a significant decrease of S. europaea productivity. The present work also considers the influence of higher light intensity concentrations on productivity and NaCl accumulation by S. europaea plants grown on experimental solutions with high salt content. В© 2005 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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13.

Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Pechurkin N.S.
Заглавие : Quantitative criteria for estimation of natural and artificial ecosystems functioning
Место публикации : Advances in Space Research. - 2005. - Vol. 35, Is. 9 SPEC. ISS. - С. 1507-1511. - ISSN 02731177 (ISSN) , DOI 10.1016/j.asr.2005.01.059
Ключевые слова (''Своб.индексиров.''): artificial ecosystems--limiting substances--natural ecosystems--quantitative criteria--carbon dioxide--energy management--estimation--hierarchical systems--personnel--plants (botany)--reliability--artificial ecosystems--limiting substances--natural ecosystems--quantitative criteria--ecosystems--carbon--biomass--chemistry--conference paper--ecology--ecosystem--energy transfer--microclimate--photosynthesis--population dynamics--biomass--carbon--ecological systems, closed--ecology--ecosystem--energy transfer--life support systems--photosynthesis--population dynamics
Аннотация: Using biotic turnover of substances in trophic chains, natural and artificial ecosystems are similar in functioning, but different in structure. It is necessary to have quantitative criteria to evaluate the efficiency of artificial ecosystems (AES). These criteria are dependent on the specific objectives for which the AES are designed. For example, if AES is considered for use in space, important criteria are efficiency in use of mass, power, volume (size) and human labor and reliability. Another task involves the determination of quantitative criteria for the functioning of natural ecosystems. To solve the problem, it is fruitful to use a hierarchical approach suitable for both individual links and the ecosystem as a whole. Energy flux criteria (principles) were developed to estimate the functional activities of biosystems at the population, community and ecosystem levels. A major feature of ecosystems as a whole is their biotic turnover of matter the rate of which is restricted by the lack of limiting substances. Obviously, the most generalized criterion is to take into account the energy flux used by the biosystem and the quantity of limiting substance included in its turnover. The use of energy flux by ecosystem, EUSED - is determined from the photoassimilation of CO2 by plants (per time unit). It can be approximately estimated as the net primary production of photosynthesis (NPP). So, the ratio of CO 2 photoassimilation rate (sometimes, measured as NPP) to the total mass of limiting substrate can serve as a main universal criterion (MUC). This MUC characterizes the specific cycling rate of limiting chemical elements in the system and effectiveness of every ecosystem including the global Biosphere. Comparative analysis and elaboration of quantitative criteria for estimation of natural and artificial ecosystems activities is of high importance both for theoretical considerations and for real applications. В© 2005 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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14.

Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Boyandin A.N., Lobova T.I., Popova L.Yu., Pechurkin N.S.
Заглавие : Survival and alteration of the plasmid-containing microorganism Escherichia coli Z905/pPHL7 introduced into manmade closed aquatic microcosms
Место публикации : Advances in Space Research. - 2003. - Vol. 31, Is. 7. - С. 1763-1768. - ISSN 02731177 (ISSN) , DOI 10.1016/S0273-1177(03)00118-2
Ключевые слова (''Своб.индексиров.''): cells--escherichia coli--salts--recombinant plamid--space research--ampicillin--chloride--inorganic salt--magnesium--mineral--potassium--sodium--sulfate--genetically modified organism--article--bacterial count--chemoluminescence--culture medium--drug effect--escherichia coli--genetics--growth, development and aging--microbiology--microclimate--penicillin resistance--plasmid--russian federation--transgenic organism--ampicillin--ampicillin resistance--chemiluminescent measurements--chlorides--colony count, microbial--culture media--ecological systems, closed--escherichia coli--magnesium--minerals--organisms, genetically modified--plasmids--potassium--russia--salts--sodium--sulfates--water microbiology
Аннотация: It has been demonstrated that the transgenic microorganism Escherichia coli Z905/pPHL7 (Ap'Lux+) can exist for a long time at an elevated concentration of mineral salts. The microorganism was introduced into microcosms with sterile brackish water (salinity variable from 21 to 22 g 1-1) taken from Lake Shira (Khakasia, Russia). The survivof the microorganism was estimated both by measuring the growth of the colonies on solid nutrient media and by the bioluminescence exhibited by the transgenic strain in samples from the microcosms and in the enrichment culture with the added selective factor - ampicillin (50 ?g/ml). In the enrichment culture, the bioluminescent signal was registered through the 160-day experiment. It has been shown that in the closed microcosms with brackish water the E. coli strain becomes heterogeneous in its ampicillin resistance. The populations of the transgenic strain were mainly represented by isolates able to persist in the medium containing 50 ?g/ml, but there were also the cells (about 10%) with the threshold of ampicillin resistance not more than 0.05 ?g/ml. Thus, it was shown that in the microcosms with brackish water and in the absence of the selective factor the transgenic strain survives and retains the recombinant plasmid. В© 2003 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
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15.

Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Pisman T.I., Somova L.A.
Заглавие : Competition of the natural and manmade biotic cycles in the closed aquatic system
Место публикации : Advances in Space Research. - 2003. - Vol. 31, Is. 7. - С. 1757-1761. - ISSN 02731177 (ISSN) , DOI 10.1016/S0273-1177(03)00117-0
Ключевые слова (''Своб.индексиров.''): carbon dioxide--glucose--nitrogen compounds--oxygen--biotic cycle--space research--carbon dioxide--nitrogen--aquatic ecosystem--biosphere--competition (ecology)--endosymbiont--animal--article--bacterium--chlorella--comparative study--culture medium--food chain--growth, development and aging--metabolism--microbiology--microclimate--paramecium--photosynthesis--physiology--symbiosis--time--animals--bacteria--carbon dioxide--chlorella--culture media--ecological systems, closed--food chain--nitrogen--paramecium--photosynthesis--symbiosis--time factors--water microbiology
Аннотация: This study addresses competition between the Paramecium bursaria and zoochlorella - endosymbiosis and the infusoria Paramecium caudatum in a closed aquatic system. The system is a natural model of a simple biotic cycle. P. bursaria consumes glucose and oxygen released by its zoochlorella and releases nitrogenous compounds and carbon dioxide necessary for algal photosynthesis. P. caudatum was fed on bacteria. It was shown that the infusoria P. bursaria united in one cycle with Chlorella had a higher competitive ability than P. caudatum. With any initial percentage of the infusoria in the mixed culture, the end portion of P. bursaria reached 90 - 99%, which was significantly higher than the end portion of the P. caudatum population. It is assumed that the sustenance expenditures of P. caudatum were greater than those of the endosymbiotic paramecium, i.e. the closing of the components into a biotic cycle leads to a decrease in sustenance expenditures. В© 2003 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
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16.

Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Pisman T.I., Somova L.A.
Заглавие : Interaction of a mixed yeast culture in an "autotroph-heterotroph" system with a closed atmosphere cycle and spatially separated components
Место публикации : Advances in Space Research. - 2003. - Vol. 31, Is. 7. - С. 1751-1756. - ISSN 02731177 (ISSN) , DOI 10.1016/S0273-1177(03)00116-9
Ключевые слова (''Своб.индексиров.''): metabolism--oxygen--substrates--yeast--closed atmosphere cycle--space research--carbon dioxide--oxygen--biosphere--anaerobic growth--article--biomass--candida--chlorella--comparative study--culture medium--ecosystem--growth, development and aging--metabolism--microclimate--anaerobiosis--biomass--candida--carbon dioxide--chlorella--culture media--ecological systems, closed--ecosystem--environment, controlled--oxygen
Аннотация: The study considers an experimental model of the "autotroph-heterotroph" system with a closed atmosphere cycle, in which the heterotrophic link is a mixed yeast population. The autotrophic link is represented by the algae Chlorella vulgaris and the heterotrophic link by the yeasts Candida utilis and Candida guilliermondii. The controls are populations of Chlorella and the same yeasts isolated from the atmosphere. It has been shown that the outcome of competition in the heterotrophic link depends on the strategy of the yeast population towards the substrate and oxygen. The C. utilis population quickly utilizes the substrate as it is an r-strategist and is less sensitive to oxygen deficiency. The C. guilliermondii population consumes low concentrations of the substrate because it is a K-strategist, but it is more sensitive to oxygen deficiency. That is why, in the "autotroph-heterotroph" system with a closed gas cycle, after a considerable amount of the substrate has been consumed, the C. guilliermondii population becomes more competitive that the C. utilis population. In the culture of yeasts, isolated from the atmosphere, the C. utilis population finds itself in more favorable conditions due to oxygen deficiency. The system with a complex heterotrophic component survive longer than a system whose heterotrophic component is represented by only one yeast species. This is explained for by the positive metabolite interaction of yeasts and a more complete utilization of the substrate by a mixed culture of yeasts featuring different strategies towards the substrate. В© 2003 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
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17.

Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Pechurkin N.S., Shirobokova I.M.
Заглавие : System analysis of links interactions and development of ecosystems of different types
Место публикации : Advances in Space Research. - 2003. - Vol. 31, Is. 7. - С. 1667-1674. - ISSN 02731177 (ISSN) , DOI 10.1016/S0273-1177(03)80013-3
Ключевые слова (''Своб.индексиров.''): free energy--heuristic methods--hierarchical systems--mathematical models--photosynthesis--systems analysis--biological interactions--ecosystems--anthropogenic effect--ecosystem function--systems analysis--article--biological model--biomass--ecology--ecosystem--energy transfer--environmental protection--food chain--methodology--microclimate--plankton--population dynamics--statistics--biomass--conservation of natural resources--ecological systems, closed--ecology--ecosystem--energy transfer--food chain--models, biological--plankton--population dynamics
Аннотация: The anthropogenic impact on the Earth's ecosystems are leading to dramatic changes in ecosystem functioning and even to destruction of them. System analysis and the use of heuristic modeling can be an effective means to determine the main biological interactions and key factors that are of high importance for understanding the development of ecosystems. Cycling of limiting substances, induced by the external free energy flux, and trophic links interaction is the basis of the mathematical modeling studies presented in this paper. Mathematical models describe the dynamics of simplified ecosystems having different characteristics: 1) different degrees of biotic turnover closure (from open to completely closed); 2) different numbers of trophic links (including both "topdown", "bottom-up" regulation types); 3) different intensities of input - output flows of the limiting nutrient and its total amount in the system. Adaptive values of the changes of lower hierarchical levels (populational, trophic chain level) are to be estimated by integrity indices for total system functioning (e.g. NPP, total photosynthesis). The approach developed can be used for evaluating the contributions of lower hierarchical levels to the functioning of the higher hierarchical levels of the system. This approach may have value for determining biomanipulation management and their assessment. В© 2003 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
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18.

Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Shirobokova I.M., Pechurkin N.S.
Заглавие : The effect of cannibalism intensity on net primary production and dynamics of trophic links in aquatic ecosystems
Место публикации : Advances in Space Research. - 2003. - Vol. 31, Is. 7. - С. 1737-1741. - ISSN 02731177 (ISSN) , DOI 10.1016/S0273-1177(03)00112-1
Ключевые слова (''Своб.индексиров.''): biomass--ecosystems--mathematical models--photosynthesis--cannibalism intensity--space research--aquatic ecosystem--cannibalism--ecological modeling--net primary production--trophic structure--amphipoda--animal--aquaculture--article--biological model--biomass--cannibalism--daphnia--ecosystem--food chain--microclimate--phytoplankton--zooplankton--amphipoda--animals--aquaculture--biomass--cannibalism--daphnia--ecological systems, closed--ecosystem--food chain--models, biological--phytoplankton--zooplankton
Аннотация: A mathematical model was used to investigate the effect of cannibalism intensity on the net primary production and the dynamics of trophic links in an aquatic ecosystem characterized by cannibalism at the upper trophic level. A mathematical model of an aquatic ecosystem has been constructed, with the following principal trophic links: limiting nutrient concentration, producers (phytoplankton), nonpredatory and predatory zooplankton. The model takes into account the age structure of the predator and includes two age groups (the young and adults). The adult predators are cannibals feeding on both nonpredatory zooplankton and their own young, which consume phytoplankton. It has been found that when cannibalism intensity increases above a certain level, the concentrations of both adults and the young of the predators decrease. At the same time, the concentrations of the nonpredatory zooplankton and of nutrients increase, while the biomass of producers decreases. When the cannibalism intensity is low, the net primary production of the system increases to a certain level correlated with the increase in cannibalism intensity and drops sharply when the level of consumption of young is high. There is an optimal intensity of cannibalism, at which the productivity in the photosynthesis link is maximal. В© 2003 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
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19.

Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Somova L.A., Pechurkin N.S., Pisman T.I.
Заглавие : Increase of atmospheric CO2: Response patterns on a simple terrestrial man-made ecosystem
Место публикации : Advances in Space Research. - 2003. - Vol. 31, Is. 7. - С. 1731-1735. - ISSN 02731177 (ISSN) , DOI 10.1016/S0273-1177(03)80019-4
Ключевые слова (''Своб.индексиров.''): carbon dioxide--earth atmosphere--ecosystems--environmental impact--mathematical models--microorganisms--plants (botany)--soils--man-made ecosystems--space research--biosphere--carbon dioxide enrichment--terrestrial ecosystem--carbon dioxide--nitrogen--phosphorus--article--atmosphere--biological model--chemistry--dose response--drug effect--ecosystem--growth, development and aging--metabolism--microbiology--microclimate--plant root--wheat--atmosphere--carbon dioxide--dose-response relationship, drug--ecosystem--environment, controlled--models, biological--nitrogen--phosphorus--plant roots--soil microbiology--triticum
Аннотация: Simple models of terrestrial ecosystems with a limited number of components are an efficient tool to study the main laws of functioning of populations, including microbial ones, and their communities, as components of natural ecosystems, under variable environmental conditions. Among other factors are the increase of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere and limitation of plants' growth by biogenic elements. The main types of ecosystems' responses to changes in environmental conditions (a change in CO2 concentration) have been demonstrated in a "plants - rhizospheric microorganisms - artificial soil" simple experimental system. The mathematical model of interactions between plants and microorganisms under normal and elevated atmospheric CO2 and limitation by nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorus) yielded a qualitative agreement between calculated and experimental values of limiting substances concentrations and release rates of exudates. В© 2003 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
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20.

Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Gitelson I.I., Tikhomirov A.A., Parshina O.V., Ushakova S.A., Kalacheva G.S.
Заглавие : Volatile metabolites of higher plant crops as a photosynthesizing life support system component under temperature stress at different light intensities
Место публикации : Advances in Space Research. - 2003. - Vol. 31, Is. 7. - С. 1781-1786. - ISSN 02731177 (ISSN) , DOI 10.1016/S0273-1177(03)00121-2
Ключевые слова (''Своб.индексиров.''): composition--crops--heat resistance--metabolites--photosynthesis--volatile metabolites--space research--biosphere--article--comparative study--gas--growth, development and aging--heat--indoor air pollution--light--metabolism--microclimate--photon--photosynthesis--physiology--radiation exposure--volatilization--wheat--air pollution, indoor--environment, controlled--gases--heat--life support systems--light--photons--photosynthesis--triticum--volatilization
Аннотация: The effect of elevated temperatures of 35 and 45В°C (at the intensities of photosynthetically active radiation 322, 690 and 1104 ?mol-m-2-s-1) on the photosynthesis, respiration, and qualitative and quantitative composition of the volatiles emitted by wheat (Triticum aestuvi L., cultivar 232) crops was investigated in growth chambers. Identification and quantification of more than 20 volatile compounds (terpenoids - ?-pinene, ?3 carene, limonene, benzene, ?-and transcaryophyllene, ?- and ?-terpinene, their derivatives, aromatic hydrocarbons, etc.) were conducted by gas chromatograph/mass spectrometry. Under light intensity of 1104 ?mol-m-2-s-1, heat resistance of photosynthesis and respiration increased at 35В°C and decreased at 45В°C. The action of elevated temperatures brought about variations in the rate and direction of the synthesis of volatile metabolites. The emission of volatile compounds was the greatest under a reduced irradiation of 322 ?mol-m-2-s-1 and the smallest under 1104 ?mol-m-2-s-1 at 35В°C. During the repair period, the contents and proportions of volatile compounds were different from their initial values, too. The degree of disruption and the following recovery of the functional state depended on the light intensity during the exposure to elevated temperatures. The investigation of the atmosphere of the growth chamber without plants has revaled the substances that were definitely technogenic in origin: tetramethylurea, dimethylsulfide, dibutylsulfide, dibutylphthalate, and a number of components of furan and silane nature. В© 2003 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
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