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Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Savvichev A.S., Rusanov I.I., Rogozin D.Yu., Zakharova E.E., Lunina O.N., Bryantseva I.A., Yusupov S.K., Pimenov N.V., Degermendzhi A.G., Ivanov M.V.
Заглавие : Microbiological and isotopic-geochemical investigations of meromictic lakes in Khakasia in winter
Место публикации : Mikrobiologiya. - 2005. - Vol. 74, Is. 4. - С. 552-561. - ISSN 00263656 (ISSN)
Ключевые слова (''Своб.индексиров.''): meromictic water bodies--microbial production and oxidation of methane--photosynthesis--stable isotopes of carbon (? 13c) and sulfur (? 34s)--sulfate reduction--bacteria (microorganisms)--chlorobi--chromatiaceae--lamprocystis purpurea--pelodictyon luteolum--photobacteria--carbon--fresh water--methane--sulfate--sulfur--article--bacterial phenomena and functions--bacterium--comparative study--isolation and purification--metabolism--microbiology--oxidation reduction reaction--photosynthesis--russian federation--season--species difference--bacteria--bacterial physiology--carbon isotopes--fresh water--methane--oxidation-reduction--photosynthesis--seasons--siberia--species specificity--sulfates--sulfur isotopes--water microbiology
Аннотация: Microbiological and isotopic-geochemical investigations of the brackish meromictic lakes Shira and Shunet were performed in the steppe region of Khakasia in winter. Measurements made with a submersed sensor demonstrated that one-meter ice transmits light in a quantity sufficient for oxygenic and anoxygenic photosynthesis. As in the summer season, in the community of phototrophic bacteria found in Lake Shira, the purple sulfur bacteria Amoebobacter purpureus dominated, whereas, in Lake Shunet, the green sulfur bacteria Pelodictyon luteolum were predominant. Photosynthetic production, measured using the radioisotopic method, was several times lower than that in summer. The rates of sulfate reduction and production and oxidation of methane in the water column and bottom sediments were also lower than those recorded in summer. The process of anaerobic methane oxidation in the sediments was an exception, being more intense in winter than in summer. The data from radioisotopic measurements of the rates of microbial processes correlate well with the results of determination of the isotopic composition of organic and mineral carbon (? 13C) and hydrogen sulfide and sulfate (? 34S) and suggest considerable seasonal variations in the activity of the microbial community in the water bodies investigated.
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Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Savvichev A.S., Rusanov I.I., Rogozin D.Yu., Zakharova E.E., Lunina O.N., Bryantseva I.A., Yusupov S.K., Pimenov N.V., Degermendzhi A.G., Ivanov M.V.
Заглавие : Microbiological and isotopic-geochemical investigations of meromictic lakes in Khakasia in winter
Место публикации : Microbiology. - 2005. - Vol. 74, Is. 4. - С. 477-485. - ISSN 00262617 (ISSN) , DOI 10.1007/s11021-005-0092-x
Ключевые слова (''Своб.индексиров.''): meromictic water bodies--microbial production and oxidation of methane--photosynthesis--stable isotopes of carbon (?13c) and sulfur (?34s)--sulfate reduction--chlorobi--chromatiaceae--lamprocystis purpurea--pelodictyon luteolum--photobacteria
Аннотация: Microbiological and isotopic-geochemical investigations of the brackish meromictic lakes Shira and Shunet were performed in the steppe region of Khakasia in winter. Measurements made with a submersed sensor demonstrated that one-meter ice transmits light in a quantity sufficient for oxygenic and anoxygenic photosynthesis. As in the summer season, in the community of phototrophic bacteria found in Lake Shira, the purple sulfur bacteria Amoebobacter purpureus dominated, whereas, in Lake Shunet, the green sulfur bacteria Pelodictyon luteolum were predominant. Photosynthetic production, measured using the radioisotopic method, was several times lower than that in summer. The rates of sulfate reduction and production and oxidation of methane in the water column and bottom sediments were also lower than those recorded in summer. The process of anaerobic methane oxidation in the sediments was an exception, being more intense in winter than in summer. The data from radioisotopic measurements of the rates of microbial processes correlate well with the results of determination of the isotopic composition of organic and mineral carbon (?13C) and hydrogen sulfide and sulfate (?34S) and suggest considerable seasonal variations in the activity of the microbial community in the water bodies investigated. В© 2005 Pleiades Publishing, Inc.
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Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Rogozin D.Y., Zykov V.V., Kalugin I.A., Daryin A.V., Degermendzhy A.G.
Заглавие : Carotenoids of phototrophic organisms in bottom sediments of meromictic Lake Shira (Siberia, Russia) as an indicator of past stratification
Место публикации : Doklady Biological Sciences. - 2011. - Vol. 439, Is. 1. - С. 228-231. - ISSN 00124966 (ISSN) , DOI 10.1134/S0012496611040077
Ключевые слова (''Своб.индексиров.''): carotenoid--chlorophyll--water--animal--article--chemistry--ecosystem--lake--metabolism--microbiology--photosynthesis--phototrophy--pigmentation--russian federation--sediment--animals--carotenoids--chlorophyll--ecosystem--geologic sediments--lakes--photosynthesis--phototrophic processes--pigmentation--russia--siberia--water--water microbiology
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Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Prokopkin I.G., Gubanov V.G., Gladyshev M.I.
Заглавие : Phenomenological mathematical model of biomanipulation influence (removal of planktivorous fish) on biomass of cyanobacteria in a small pond
Место публикации : Doklady Akademii Nauk. - 2003. - Vol. 392, Is. 6. - С. 847-849. - ISSN 08695652 (ISSN)
Ключевые слова (''Своб.индексиров.''): biomass--ecosystems--growth kinetics--mathematical models--carassius auratus--cyanobacteria--plankton--removal of fish--algae
Аннотация: Mathematical model is constructed for studying the effect of photosynthesis stimulation in cyanobacteria after their passing through crucian intestines on cyanobacteria biomass changes after bio-manipulations. At good agreement of model and natural data an explanation is found for observed differences in the influence of planktivorous fish on the two species of cyanobacteria. The calculations showed that one of the reasons for appearance of the peak of water blooming with a species Microcystic may be direct metabolic influence of planktivorous fish. Elimination of crucian from the pond will not affect the level of water blooming with Anabaena species.
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Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Kolmakov V.I., Gladyshev M.I.
Заглавие : Growth and potential photosynthesis of cyanobacteria are stimulated by viable gut passage in crucian carp
Место публикации : Aquatic Ecology. - 2003. - Vol. 37, Is. 3. - С. 237-242. - ISSN 13862588 (ISSN) , DOI 10.1023/A:1025801326088
Ключевые слова (''Своб.индексиров.''): carassius auratus--cyanobacteria--gut passage--cyanobacterium--growth rate--photosynthesis--russian federation--anabaena--anabaena flos-aquae--aphanizomenon--aphanizomenon flos-aquae--carassius auratus--carassius carassius--cyanobacteria--cyprinus carpio--flos--microcystis--microcystis aeruginosa--planktothrix--planktothrix agardhii
Аннотация: Growth and potential photosynthetic activity of phytoplankton passed through intestine of crucian carp (Carassius auratus) from a small Siberian reservoir were compared with those of phytoplankton taken the directly from the reservoir. The dominant phytoplankton species in the reservoir, Microcystis aeruginosa, showed a significant increase of growth after the passage. Subdominant Planktothrix agardhii also showed an increase in growth rate, while subdominants Anabaena flos-aquae and Aphanizomenon flos-aquae were not stimulated by the gut passage.
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Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Shevyrnogov A.P., Vysotskaya G.S., Gitelson J.I.
Заглавие : Quasistationary areas of chlorophyll concentration in the world ocean as observed satellite data
Место публикации : Advances in Space Research. - 1996. - Vol. 18, Is. 7. - С. 129-132. - ISSN 02731177 (ISSN) , DOI 10.1016/0273-1177(95)00955-8
Ключевые слова (''Своб.индексиров.''): chlorophyll concentration--chlorophylls--czcs--ocean chlorophyll concentration--phytopigment dynamics--productivity--quasistationary areas--remote sensing--satellite data--seasonal changes--world ocean
Аннотация: To estimate the seasonal progress of the production process over the planet and its long-standing trend it is important to measure not only the spatial distributions of pigment that represent the rates of photosynthesis but also their time variability. Anthropogenic impact on natural complexes can be efficiently estimated by satellite observations of phytopigment dynamics. This study presents CZCS satellite data processed to reveal spatial inhomogeneity in the seasonal course of chlorophyll concentration in the world ocean on a global scale. Areas with quasistationary and non-stationary seasonal changes in chlorophyll concentration are revealed for the 7.5 years period of CZCS operation. Areas in the world ocean with maximum absolute and relative differences in chlorophyll concentration during different seasons were found. Results are illustrated with a chart of areas in the Atlantic Ocean discerned by dynamic parameters.
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Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Tikhomirov A.A., Velichko V.V., Ushakova S.A.
Заглавие : Effect of increased CO2 concentrations on gas exchange and productivity of cultivated vegetables contributing to the phototrophic component of biological regeneration life-support systems
Место публикации : Doklady Biological Sciences. - 2007. - Vol. 416, Is. 1-6. - С. 379-381. - ISSN 00124966 (ISSN) , DOI 10.1134/S001249660705016X
Ключевые слова (''Своб.индексиров.''): carbon dioxide--article--beet--biomass--carrot--chemistry--light--metabolism--photosynthesis--phototropism--plant--plant physiology--radish--time--vegetable--beta vulgaris--biomass--carbon dioxide--daucus carota--light--photosynthesis--phototropism--plant physiology--plants--raphanus--time factors--vegetables
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Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Tikhomirova N.A., Ushakova S.A., Kovaleva N.P., Gribovskaya I.V., Tikhomirov A.A.
Заглавие : Influence of high concentrations of mineral salts on production process and NaCl accumulation by Salicornia europaea plants as a constituent of the LSS phototroph link
Место публикации : Advances in Space Research. - 2005. - Vol. 35, Is. 9 SPEC. ISS. - С. 1589-1593. - ISSN 02731177 (ISSN) , DOI 10.1016/j.asr.2005.01.055
Ключевые слова (''Своб.индексиров.''): blss--intensity of par--mineral nutrition--productivity--salicornia europaea--biomass--concentration (process)--nitrogen--nutrition--photosynthesis--productivity--sodium chloride--bioregenerative life support systems (blss)--intensity of par--mineral nutrition--salicornia europaea--plants (botany)--calcium--magnesium--nitrogen--phosphorus--potassium--sodium chloride--sulfur--urea--biomass--conference paper--culture medium--dose response--drug effect--goosefoot--growth, development and aging--human--light--metabolism--microclimate--radiation exposure--urine--biomass--calcium--chenopodiaceae--culture media--dose-response relationship, drug--ecological systems, closed--humans--life support systems--light--magnesium--nitrogen--phosphorus--potassium--sodium chloride--sulfur--urea--urine
Аннотация: Use of halophytes (salt-tolerant vegetation), in a particular vegetable Salicornia europaea plants which are capable of utilizing NaCl in rather high concentrations, is one of possible means of NaCl incorporation into mass exchange of bioregenerative life support systems. In preliminary experiments it was shown that S. europaea plants, basically, could grow on urine pretreated with physicochemical processing and urease-enzyme decomposing of urea with the subsequent ammonia distillation. But at the same time inhibition of the growth process of the plants was observed. The purpose of the given work was to find out the influence of excessive quantities of some mineral elements contained in products of physicochemical processing of urine on the production process and NaCl accumulation by S. europaea plants. As the content of mineral salts in the human liquid wastes (urine) changed within certain limits, two variants of experimental solutions were examined. In the first variant, the concentration of mineral salts was equivalent to the minimum salt content in the urine and was: K - 1.5 g/l, P - 0.5 g/l, S - 0.5 g/l, Mg - 0.07 g/l, Ca - 0.2 g/l. In the second experimental variant, the content of mineral salts corresponded to the maximum salt content in urine and was the following: K - 3.0 g/l, P - 0.7 g/l, S - 1.2 g/l, Mg - 0.2 g/l, Ca - 0.97 g/l. As the control, the Tokarev nutrient solution containing nitrogen in the form of a urea, and the Knop nutrient solution with nitrogen in the nitrate form were used. N quantity in all four variants made up 177 mg/l. Air temperature was 24 В°C, illumination was continuous. Light intensity was 690 ?mol/m2s of photosynthetically active radiation. NaCl concentration in solutions was 1%. Our researches showed that the dry aboveground biomass of an average plant of the first variant practically did not differ from the control and totaled 11 g. In the second variant, S. europaea productivity decreased and the dry aboveground biomass of an average plant totaled 8 g. The increase of K quantity in the experimental solutions resulted in an elevated content of the element in the plants. The increase of K uptake in the second experimental variant was accompanied by a 30-50% decrease of Na content in comparison with the other variants. Comparative Na content in the other variants was practically identical. N, Mg and P content in the control and experimental variants was also practically identical. The increase of S quantity in the second experimental variant also increased S uptake by the plants. But Ca quantity, accumulated in aboveground plants biomass in the experimental variants was lower than in the control. NaCl uptake by plants, depending on the concentration of mineral salts in the experimental solutions, ranged from 8 g (maximum salt content) up to 15 g (minimum salt content) on a plant growth area that totaled 0.032 m2. Thus, high concentrations of mineral salts simulating the content of mineral salts contained in urine did not result in a significant decrease of S. europaea productivity. The present work also considers the influence of higher light intensity concentrations on productivity and NaCl accumulation by S. europaea plants grown on experimental solutions with high salt content. В© 2005 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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Вид документа : Статья из сборника (выпуск монографической серии)
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Gros J.-B., Lasseur C., Tikhomirov A.A., Manukovsky N.S., Ushakova S.A., Zolotukhin I.G., Tirranen L.S., Borodina E.V., Kovalev V.S.
Заглавие : Wheat growth on neutral and soil-like substrates: Carbon dioxide exchange and microflora
Место публикации : Acta Horticulturae. - 2004. - Vol. 644. - С. 243-248
Ключевые слова (''Своб.индексиров.''): carbon dioxide--closed ecological system
Аннотация: The soil-like substrate (SLS), which is a potential candidate for employment in closed ecological systems, has been tested. CO2 exchange, composition and numbers of soil microflora have been examined in .wheat-SLS. system. The results produced have been compared to analogous characteristics of .wheat-neutral substrate. system. A hydroponic method was used under wheat growing on the neutral substrate (expanded clay aggregate). Plants for both studies were grown in closed environment from seed to physiological maturity. In the .wheat-SLS. system, the net photosynthetic rate of canopy was positive in the course of 6.55 days after planting. The net photosynthetic rate of canopy in .wheat-neutral substrate. system was positive in the entire course of vegetation. According to calculations in the course of vegetation, photosynthesis has withdrawn 3.28 kg m-2 CO2 from the .wheat-SLS. system and 3.40 kg m-2 CO2 from the .wheat-neutral substrate. system. On the SLS dominant among bacteria were the spore-forming bacteria from Bacillus genus, among fungi . from Trichoderma genus. In the hydroponic cultivation on neutral substrate dominant were bacteria from Pseudomonas genus, most commonly found fungi were species from Fusarium and Botrytis genera.
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10.

Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Tikhomirov A.A., Ushakova S.A., Manukovsky N.S., Lisovsky G.M., Kudenko Yu.A., Koyalev V.S., Gribovskaya I.V., Tirranen L.S., Zolotukhin I.G., Gros J.B., Lasseur Ch.
Заглавие : Synthesis of biomass and utilization of plants wastes in a physical model of biological life-support system
Место публикации : Acta Astronautica. - 2003. - Vol. 53, Is. 4-10. - С. 249-257. - ISSN 00945765 (ISSN) , DOI 10.1016/S0094-5765(03)00137-1
Ключевые слова (''Своб.индексиров.''): ecosystems--microorganisms--ph--photosynthesis--plants (botany)--synthesis (chemical)--waste utilization--biological life support systems (blls)--gas exchange--plant respiration--biomass--carbon dioxide--agaricales--article--biomass--bioremediation--growth, development and aging--hydroponics--incineration--metabolism--methodology--microbiology--microclimate--photosynthesis--plant physiology--radish--space flight--waste management--weightlessness--wheat--agaricales--biodegradation, environmental--biomass--carbon dioxide--ecological systems, closed--environmental microbiology--hydroponics--incineration--life support systems--photosynthesis--plant physiology--raphanus--space flight--triticum--waste management--weightlessness
Аннотация: The paper considers problems of biosynthesis of higher plants' biomass and "biological incineration" of plant wastes in a working physical model of biological LSS. The plant wastes are "biologically incinerated" in a special heterotrophic block involving Califomian worms, mushrooms and straw. The block processes plant wastes (straw, haulms) to produce soil-like substrate (SLS) on which plants (wheat, radish) are grown. Gas exchange in such a system consists of respiratory gas exchange of SLS and photosynthesis and respiration of plants. Specifics of gas exchange dynamics of high plants - SLS complex has been considered. Relationship between such a gas exchange and PAR irradiance and age of plants has been established. Nitrogen and iron were found to the first to limit plants' growth on SLS when process conditions are deranged. The SLS microflora has been found to have different kinds of ammonifying and denitrifying bacteria which is indicative of intensive transformation of nitrogen-containing compounds. The number of physiological groups of microorganisms in SLS was, on the whole, steady. As a result, organic substances - products of exchange of plants and microorganisms were not accumulated in the medium, but mineralized and assimilated by the biocenosis. Experiments showed that the developed model of a man-made ecosystem realized complete utilization of plant wastes and involved them into the intrasystem turnover. В© 2003 International Astronautical Federation. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
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11.

Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Tikhomirov A.A., Ushakova S.A., Gribovskaya I.A., Tirranen L.S., Manukovsky N.S., Zolotukhin I.G., Karnachuk R.A., Gros J.-B., Lasseur Ch.
Заглавие : Light intensity and production parameters of phytocenoses cultivated on soil-like substrate under controled environment conditions
Место публикации : Advances in Space Research. - 2003. - Vol. 31, Is. 7. - С. 1775-1780. - ISSN 02731177 (ISSN) , DOI 10.1016/S0273-1177(03)80020-0
Ключевые слова (''Своб.индексиров.''): bacteria--biology--crops--photosynthesis--substrates--light intensity--space research--biosphere--biomass--carbon dioxide--colony count, microbial--culture media--ecological systems, closed--enterobacteriaceae--life support systems--light--photosynthesis--plant transpiration--raphanus--soil microbiology--triticum--water microbiology
Аннотация: To increase the degree of closure of biological life support systems of a new generation, we used vermicomposting to involve inedible phytomass in the intra-system mass exchange. The resulting product was a soil-like substrate, which was quite suitable for growing plants (Manukovsky et al. 1996, 1997). However, the soil-like substrate can be regarded as a candidate for inclusion in a system only after a comprehensive examination of its physical, chemical, and other characteristics. An important criterion is the ability of the soil-like substrate to supply the necessary mineral elements to the photosynthesizing component under the chosen cultivation conditions. Thus, the purpose of this work was to study the feasibility of enhancing the production activity of wheat and radish crops by varying the intensity of photosynthetically active radiation, without decreasing the harvest index. The increase of light intensity from 920 to 1150 ?molВ·m -2В·s -1 decreased the intensity of apparent photosynthesis of the wheat crops and slightly increased the apparent photosynthesis of the radish crops The maximum total and grain productivity (kg/m 2) of the wheat crops was attained at the irradiance of 920 ?molВ·m -2В·s -1. Light intensity of 1150 ?molВ·m -2В·s -1 decreased the productivity of wheat plants and had no significant effect on the productivity of the radish crops (kg/m 2) as compared to 920 ?molВ·m 2В·s -1. The qualitative and quantitative composition of microflora of the watering solution and substrate was determined by the condition of plants, developmental phase and light intensity. By the end of wheat growth under 1150 ?molВ·m -2В·s -1 the numbers of bacteria of the coliform family and phytopathogenic bacteria in the watering solution and substrate were an order of magnitude larger than under other illumination conditions. The obtained data suggest that the cultivation of plants in a life support system on soil-like substrate from composts has a number of advantages over the cultivation on neutral substrates, which require continual replenishment of the plant nutrient solution from the system's store to complement the macro- and microelements. Yet, a number of problems arise, including those related to the controlling of the production activity of the plants by the intensity of photosynthetically active radiation. It is essential to understand why the intensity of production processes is limited at higher irradiation levels and to overcome the factors responsible for this, so that the soil-like substrate could have an even better chance in the competition for the best plant cultivation technology to be used in biological life support systems. В© 2003 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
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12.

Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Tikhomirov A.A., Ushakova S.A., Manukovsky N.S., Lisovsky G.M., Kudenko Yu.A., Kovalev V.S., Gubanov V.G., Barkhatov Yu.V., Gribovskaya I.V., Zolotukhin I.G., Gros J.B., Lasseur Ch.
Заглавие : Mass exchange in an experimental new-generation life support system model based on biological regeneration of environment
Место публикации : Advances in Space Research. - 2003. - Vol. 31, Is. 7. - С. 1711-1720. - ISSN 02731177 (ISSN) , DOI 10.1016/S0273-1177(03)80017-0
Ключевые слова (''Своб.индексиров.''): biomass--photosynthesis--plants (botany)--transpiration--mass exchange--life support systems (spacecraft)--ammonia--nitrogen--oxygen--biosphere--animal--annelid worm--article--biological model--biomass--bioremediation--evaluation--growth, development and aging--human--metabolism--microclimate--photosynthesis--pleurotus--radish--wheat--ammonia--animals--biodegradation, environmental--biomass--ecological systems, closed--evaluation studies--humans--life support systems--models, biological--nitrogen--oligochaeta--oxygen--photosynthesis--pleurotus--raphanus--triticum
Аннотация: An experimental model of a biological life support system was used to evaluate qualitative and quantitative parameters of the internal mass exchange. The photosynthesizing unit included the higher plant component (wheat and radish), and the heterotrophic unit consisted of a soil-like substrate, California worms, mushrooms and microbial microflora. The gas mass exchange involved evolution of oxygen by the photosynthesizing component and its uptake by the heterotroph component along with the formation and maintaining of the SLS structure, growth of mushrooms and California worms, human respiration, and some other processes. Human presence in the system in the form of "virtual human" that at regular intervals took part in the respirative gas exchange during the experiment. Experimental data demonstrated good oxygen/carbon dioxide balance, and the closure of the cycles of these gases was almost complete. The water cycle was nearly 100% closed. The main components in the water mass exchange were transpiration water and the watering solution with mineral elements. Human consumption of the edible plant biomass (grains and roots) was simulated by processing these products by a unique physicochemical method of oxidizing them to inorganic mineral compounds, which were then returned into the system and fully assimilated by the plants. The oxidation was achieved by "wet combustion" of organic biomass, using hydrogen peroxide following a special procedure, which does not require high temperature and pressure. Hydrogen peroxide is produced from the water inside the system. The closure of the cycle was estimated for individual elements and compounds. Stoichiometric proportions are given for the main components included in the experimental model of the system. Approaches to the mathematical modeling of the cycling processes are discussed, using the data of the experimental model. Nitrogen, as a representative of biogenic elements, shows an almost 100% closure of the cycle inside the system. The proposed experimental model of a biological system is discussed as a candidate for potential application in the investigations aimed at creating ecosystems with largely closed cycles of the internal mass exchange. The formation and maintenance of sustainable cycling of vitally important chemical elements and compounds in biological life support systems (BLSS) is an extremely pressing problem. To attain the stable functioning of biological life support systems (BLSS) and to maintain a high degree of closure of material cycles in them, it is essential to understand the character of mass exchange processes and stoichiometric proportions of the initial and synthesized components of the system. В© 2003 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
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13.

Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Gitelson I.I., Tikhomirov A.A., Parshina O.V., Ushakova S.A., Kalacheva G.S.
Заглавие : Volatile metabolites of higher plant crops as a photosynthesizing life support system component under temperature stress at different light intensities
Место публикации : Advances in Space Research. - 2003. - Vol. 31, Is. 7. - С. 1781-1786. - ISSN 02731177 (ISSN) , DOI 10.1016/S0273-1177(03)00121-2
Ключевые слова (''Своб.индексиров.''): composition--crops--heat resistance--metabolites--photosynthesis--volatile metabolites--space research--biosphere--article--comparative study--gas--growth, development and aging--heat--indoor air pollution--light--metabolism--microclimate--photon--photosynthesis--physiology--radiation exposure--volatilization--wheat--air pollution, indoor--environment, controlled--gases--heat--life support systems--light--photons--photosynthesis--triticum--volatilization
Аннотация: The effect of elevated temperatures of 35 and 45В°C (at the intensities of photosynthetically active radiation 322, 690 and 1104 ?mol-m-2-s-1) on the photosynthesis, respiration, and qualitative and quantitative composition of the volatiles emitted by wheat (Triticum aestuvi L., cultivar 232) crops was investigated in growth chambers. Identification and quantification of more than 20 volatile compounds (terpenoids - ?-pinene, ?3 carene, limonene, benzene, ?-and transcaryophyllene, ?- and ?-terpinene, their derivatives, aromatic hydrocarbons, etc.) were conducted by gas chromatograph/mass spectrometry. Under light intensity of 1104 ?mol-m-2-s-1, heat resistance of photosynthesis and respiration increased at 35В°C and decreased at 45В°C. The action of elevated temperatures brought about variations in the rate and direction of the synthesis of volatile metabolites. The emission of volatile compounds was the greatest under a reduced irradiation of 322 ?mol-m-2-s-1 and the smallest under 1104 ?mol-m-2-s-1 at 35В°C. During the repair period, the contents and proportions of volatile compounds were different from their initial values, too. The degree of disruption and the following recovery of the functional state depended on the light intensity during the exposure to elevated temperatures. The investigation of the atmosphere of the growth chamber without plants has revaled the substances that were definitely technogenic in origin: tetramethylurea, dimethylsulfide, dibutylsulfide, dibutylphthalate, and a number of components of furan and silane nature. В© 2003 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
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14.

Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Nesterenko T.V., Tikhomirov A.A.
Заглавие : An ontogenetic approach to the assessment of plant resistance to stress factors based on the method of chlorophyll fluorescence induction.
Место публикации : Doklady. Biochemistry and biophysics. - 2003. - Vol. 388. - С. 4-7. - ISSN 16076729 (ISSN)
Ключевые слова (''Своб.индексиров.''): chlorophyll--adaptation--aging--article--comparative study--cucumber--light--metabolism--methodology--photostimulation--photosynthesis--physiology--plant leaf--radiation dose--radiation exposure--spectrofluorometry--adaptation, physiological--aging--chlorophyll--cucumis sativus--light--photic stimulation--photosynthetic reaction center complex proteins--plant leaves--radiation dosage--spectrometry, fluorescence
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15.

Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Gitel'zon I.I., Tikhomirov A.A., Parshina O.V., Ushakova S.A., Kalacheva G.S.
Заглавие : Volatile Metabolites and External CO2 Exchange of Wheat Cenoses under Optimal Conditions and Thermal Stress
Место публикации : Prikladnaya Biokhimiya i Mikrobiologiya. - 2002. - Vol. 38, Is. 1. - С. 95. - ISSN 05551099 (ISSN)
Аннотация: The effects of elevated temperature (35 and 45В°C) on photosynthesis, respiration, and both the qualitative and quantitative compositions of volatile emissions (VE) of wheat (Triticum aestuvum L. cultivar 232) cenoses at light intensities of 70, 150, or 240 W/m2 of photosynthetically available radiation (PAR) were studied. At a PAR of 240 W/m2, the thermal stabilities of photosynthesis and respiration increased at 35В°C and decreased at 45В°C. Elevated temperatures nonuniformly changed the rates and direction of VE syntheses. In this process, the highest increase in VE evolution was observed at 70 W/m2; the lowest, at 240 W/m2 and 35В°C. In addition, the concentrations and composition of VE during the repair period differed from the initial values.
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16.

Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Gitel'son I.I., Tikhomirov A.A., Parshina O.V., Ushakova S.A., Kalacheva G.S.
Заглавие : Volatile metabolites and external CO2 exchange of wheat cenoses under optimal conditions and thermal stress
Место публикации : Applied Biochemistry and Microbiology. - 2002. - Vol. 38, Is. 1. - С. 78-82. - ISSN 00036838 (ISSN) , DOI 10.1023/A:1013212907872
Ключевые слова (''Своб.индексиров.''): carbon dioxide--volatile agent--article--biosynthesis--carbon dioxide transport--chemical composition--concentration (parameters)--controlled study--cultivar--metabolite--nonhuman--photosynthesis--photosynthetically active radiation--plant metabolism--qualitative analysis--quantitative analysis--stress--temperature sensitivity--thermal exposure--thermostability--wheat--rickettsia sp. par--triticum--triticum aestivum
Аннотация: The effects of elevated temperature (35 and 45В°C) on photosynthesis, respiration, and both the qualitative and quantitative compositions of volatile emissions (VE) of wheat (Triticum aestuvum L. cultivar 232) cenoses at light intensities of 70, 150, or 240 W/m2 of photosynthetically available radiation (PAR) were studied. At a PAR of 240 W/m2, the thermal stabilities of photosynthesis and respiration increased at 35В°C and decreased at 45В°C. Elevated temperatures nonuniformly changed the rates and direction of VE syntheses. In this process, the highest increase in VE evolution was observed at 70 W/m2 and 35В°C; the lowest, at 240 W/m2. In addition, the concentrations and composition of VE during the repair period differed from the initial values.
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17.

Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Ushakova S.A., Tikhomirov A.A.
Заглавие : Tolerance of LSS plant component to elevated temperatures
Место публикации : Acta Astronautica. - 2002. - Vol. 50, Is. 12. - С. 759-764. - ISSN 00945765 (ISSN) , DOI 10.1016/S0094-5765(02)00010-3
Ключевые слова (''Своб.индексиров.''): metabolism--photosynthesis--rate constants--thermal effects--thermoanalysis--thermal tolerance--life support systems (spacecraft)--carbon dioxide--adaptation--article--brassicaceae--comparative study--heat--instrumentation--light--metabolism--microclimate--photosynthesis--physiology--plant physiology--wheat--adaptation, physiological--brassicaceae--carbon dioxide--ecological systems, closed--heat--life support systems--light--photosynthesis--plant physiology--triticum
Аннотация: Stability of LSS based on biological regeneration of water, air and food subject to damaging factors is largely dependent on the behavior of the photosynthesizing component represented, mainly, by higher plants. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the tolerance of uneven-aged wheat and radish cenoses to temperature effects different in time and value. Estimation of thermal tolerance of plants demonstrated that exposure for 20 h to the temperature increasing to 45В°C brought about irreversible damage both in photosynthetic processes (up to 80% of initial value) and the processes of growth and development. Kinetics of visible photosynthesis during exposure to elevated temperatures can be used to evaluate critical exposure time within the range of which the damage of metabolic processes is reversible. With varying light intensity and air temperature it is possible to find a time period admissible for the plants to stay under adverse conditions without considerable damage of metabolic processes. В© 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
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18.

Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Ushakova S.A., Tikhomirov A.A., Volkova E.K., Alekhina E.B., Zavorueva E.N.
Заглавие : Photosynthesis and respiration in plants grown under red and white light
Место публикации : Russian Journal of Plant Physiology. - 1997. - Vol. 44, Is. 3. - С. 317-321. - ISSN 10214437 (ISSN)
Ключевые слова (''Своб.индексиров.''): cucumis sativus--dark respiration--helianthus annuus--line-structured spectrum--lycopersicon esculentum--photosynthesis--plant resistance--red light--respiration in light
Аннотация: Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill), sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.), and cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) plants were grown under red or white light at a radiance of 115 W/m2 under controlled conditions. The red spectra were characterized by either two well-distinguished spectral lines (RL1) or only one (RL2). Apparent photosynthesis (Pa), gross photosynthesis (Pg), dark (Rd), and light (R1) respiration, the content of pigments, and the biochemical composition of plants were estimated. Enhancing the destructive red light influence led to a rise in the Pa/R1 and Pa/Pg ratios and to a decrease in chlorophyll a, nitrate, and reduced nitrogen. RL1 was more inhibitory for plants than RL2. It is concluded that declined energy efficiency of respiration contributes to the destructive effect of RL in sunflower and cucumber plants. The rearrangement of metabolic processes, at which energy efficiency of respiration is maintained, is responsible for adaptation of tomato plants to red light. The obtained results allow one to outline the ways to study the species-specific mechanisms of plant responses to prolonged RL action.
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19.

Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Tikhomirov A.A.
Заглавие : Spectral composition of light and plant productivity
Место публикации : Advances in Space Research. - 1996. - Vol. 18, Is. 4-5. - С. 259-263. - ISSN 02731177 (ISSN)
Ключевые слова (''Своб.индексиров.''): article--biology--cucumber--growth, development and aging--illumination--light--maize--photon--photosynthesis--plant--radiation exposure--spectroscopy--sunflower--tomato--wheat--cucumis sativus--helianthus--light--lighting--lycopersicon esculentum--photobiology--photons--photosynthesis--plants--spectrum analysis--triticum--zea mays
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20.

Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Ushakova S.A., Kovaleva N.P., Gribovskaya I.V., Dolgushev V.A., Tikhomirova N.A.
Заглавие : Effect of NaCl concentration on productivity and mineral composition of Salicornia europaea as a potential crop for utilization NaCl in LSS
Место публикации : Advances in Space Research. - 2005. - Vol. 36, Is. 7. - С. 1349-1353. - ISSN 02731177 (ISSN) , DOI 10.1016/j.asr.2004.09.017
Ключевые слова (''Своб.индексиров.''): life support system--nacl--salicornia europaea--space biology--calcium--concentration (process)--minerals--photosynthesis--plants (botany)--salinity measurement--sodium chloride--vegetation--life support systems--liquid wastes--nacl--salicornea europea--space biology--space research
Аннотация: The accumulation of solid and liquid wastes in manmade ecosystems presents a problem that has not been efficiently solved yet. Urine, containing NaCl, are part of these products. This is an obstacle to the creation of biological systems with a largely closed material cycling, because the amount of solid and liquid wastes in them must be reduced to a minimum. A possible solution to the problem is to select plant species capable of utilizing sufficiently high concentrations of NaCl, edible for humans, and featuring high productivity. Until recently, the life support systems have included the higher plants that were either sensitive to salinization (wheat, many of the legumes, carrot, potato, maize) or relatively salt-resistant (barley, sugar beet, spinach). Salicomia europaea, whose above-ground part is fully edible for humans, is one of the most promising candidates to be included in life support systems. It is reported in the literature that this plant is capable of accumulating up to 50% NaCl (dry basis). Besides, excessive accumulation of sodium ions should bring forth a decrease in the uptake of potassium ions and other biogenic elements. The aim of this work is to study the feasibility of using S. europaea plants in growth chambers to involve NaCl into material cycling. Plants were grown in vegetation chambers at the irradiance of 100 or 150 W/m2 PAR (photosynthetically active radiation) and the air temperature 24 В°C, by two methods. The first method was to grow the plants on substrate - peat. The peat was supplemented with either 3% NaCl (Variant 1) or 6% NaCl (Variant 2) of the oven-dry mass of the peat. The second method was to grow the plants in water culture, using the solution with a full complement of nutrients, which contained 0.0005% of NaCl, 1% or 2%. The study showed that the addition of NaCl to the substrate or to the solution resulted in the formation of more succulent plants, which considerably increased their biomass. The amount of NaCl uptake was the highest in the plants grown in water culture, 2.6 g per plant. As the sodium uptake increased, the consumption of potassium and the sum of the reduced N forms decreased twofold. The uptake of calcium and magnesium by plants decreased as the NaCl concentration increased; the smallest amounts were taken up by S. europaea grown in water culture. Salinity had practically no effect on the uptake of phosphorus and sulfur. Thus, S. europaea is a promising candidate to be included in life support systems; of special interest is further research on growing these plants in water culture. В© 2005 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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