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Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания : 577.34 /С 57
Автор(ы) : Зотина, Татьяна Анатольевна, Трофимова, Елена Александровна, Дементьев, Дмитрий Владимирович, Карпов, Антон Дмитриевич, Паньков, Егор Викторович, Болсуновский, Александр Яковлевич
Заглавие : Содержание техногенных радионуклидов в промысловых рыбах р. Енисей в период работы реакторного производства на Горно-химическом комбинате и после его остановки : статья
Место публикации : Вопросы радиационной безопасности. - Озерск: Федеральное государственное унитарное предприятие Производственное объединение Маяк, 2016. - № 2. - С. 28-35. - ISSN 1816-9643
УДК : 577.34 + 574.524 + 597.5
Ключевые слова (''Своб.индексиров.''): хариус--елец--щука--thymallus arcticus--leuciscus leuciscus baicalensis--esox lucius--grayling--dace--pike
Аннотация: Река Енисей загрязнена техногенными радионуклидами в результате производства оружейного плутония на Горно-химическом комбинате (ГХК) в г. Железногорске (Россия) в течение более 50 лет. Последнее реакторное производство на ГХК было остановлено в 2010 г. В данной работе представлены данные по накоплению техногенных радионуклидов промысловыми рыбами (щукой, Esox lucius; хариусом, Thymallus arcticus, и ельцом, Leuciscus leuciscus baicalensis), обитающими на радиоактивно загрязненном участке р.Енисей в 2005-2014 гг. Из числа техногенных радионуклидов, которые регистрировались в мышцах рыб во время работы последнего ядерного реактора (32P, 60Co, 65Zn, 137Cs), только 137Cs регистрировался в течение четырех лет после остановки реакторного производства на ГХК. Содержание 137Cs в мышцах рыб было значительно ниже установленных в Российской Федерации санитарных норм. Содержание 137Cs в мышцах хищных рыб было выше, чем в мышцах мирных. Содержание 137Cs в ихтиофауне р. Енисей не снизилось после остановки последнего реакторного производства на ГХК, в то время как содержание радионуклидов с наведенной активностью снизилось значительно. Это можно объяснить неизменным потоком 137Cs в р. Енисей со сбросами радиохимического производства ГХК и депозитами 137Cs в донных отложениях. Можно ожидать, что концентрация 137Cs в мышцах рыб не снизится в ближайшие десятилетия. The Yenisei River is contaminated with artificial radionuclides due to the weapons-grade plutonium production at the Mining-and-Chemical Combine (MCC) at Zheleznogorsk (Russia) for more than 50 years. The last reactor plant at the MCC was shut down in 2010. The research presents the data on accumulation of artificial radionuclides in wild fish (pike, Esox lucius; grayling, Thymallus arcticus; and dace, Leuciscus leuciscus baicalensis) inhabiting the radioactively contaminated part of the Yenisei River between 2005 and 2014. Among artificial radionuclides that were detected in fish muscles when the last nuclear reactor plant was operating (32P, 60Co, 65Zn, 137Cs), only 137Cs was recorded four years after the shutdown of the nuclear power plant at the MCC. The concentrations of 137Cs in fish muscles were considerably below the sanitary norms for this radionuclide in the Russian Federation. Piscivorous fish species accumulated higher concentration of 137Cs in their muscles than non-predatory species. Concentration of 137Cs in fish fauna of the Yenisei River did not decrease after the shutdown of the last nuclear power plant at the MCC, while the concentration of radionuclides with induced activity decreased considerably. This can be explained by the constant inflow of 137Cs into the Yenisei River due to discharges from the radiochemical plant at the MCC and the deposits of 137Cs in the bottom sediments. We can expect that the concentration of 137Cs in fish muscles will not decrease in the next few decades.
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Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Bolsunovsky A.Y., Bondareva L.G.
Заглавие : Tritium in surface waters of the Yenisei River basin
Место публикации : Journal of Environmental Radioactivity. - 2003. - Vol. 66, Is. 3. - С. 285-294. - ISSN 0265931X (ISSN) , DOI 10.1016/S0265-931X(02)00132-7
Ключевые слова (''Своб.индексиров.''): deep-well injection of radionuclides--nuclear reactor--surface and ground waters--tritium--yenisei river basin--cooling water--nuclear reactors--sediments--surface waters--river basins--tritium--carbon 14--surface water--tritium--groundwater--nuclear power plant--radioactive pollution--surface water--tritium--article--catchment--measurement--radioactive contamination--river--sediment--environmental monitoring--geologic sediments--mining--power plants--reference values--russia--tritium--water pollutants, radioactive--russian federation--tritium
Аннотация: This paper reports an investigation of the tritium content in the surface waters of the Yenisei River basin near the Mining and Chemical Combine (MCC). In 2001 the maximum tritium concentration in the Yenisei River did not exceed 4 В± 1 Bq l-1, which is consistent with the data of 1998-99. However, it has been found that there are surface waters containing enhanced tritium as compared with the background values for the Yenisei River. For instance, in the Ploskii Stream and the Shumikha River the maximum tritium concentrations amount to 168 and 81 Bq l-1, respectively. The source of tritium in these surface waters is the last operating reactor at the MCC, which still uses the Yenisei water as coolant. In water and sediment samples of the Bolshaya Tel River (a tributary of the Yenisei River) the tritium content turned out to be at least 10 times higher than the background values for the Yenisei River. The measurements conducted at the RPA RADON (Moscow) revealed not only tritium but also the artificial radionuclide 14C in the Bolshaya Tel samples. The data obtained suggest that the Bolshaya Tel River receives the major part of tritium from sediments rather than from the water catchment area. This allows the conclusion that there is water exchange between the surface waters and the radioactively contaminated underground horizons of the "Severny" testing site. В© 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
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Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Bolsunovsky A.Y., Bondareva L.G.
Заглавие : Tritium in surface waters of the Yenisei River basin
Колич.характеристики :10 с
Место публикации : J. Environ. Radioact.: ELSEVIER SCI LTD, 2003. - Vol. 66, Is. 3. - P285-294. - ISSN 0265-931X, DOI 10.1016/S0265-931X(02)00132-7
Примечания : Cited References: 11
Ключевые слова (''Своб.индексиров.''): tritium--yenisei river basin--surface and ground waters--nuclear reactor--deep-well injection of radionuclides
Аннотация: This paper reports an investigation of the tritium content in the surface waters of the Yenisei River basin near the Mining and Chemical Combine (MCC). In 2001 the maximum tritium concentration in the Yenisei River did not exceed 4 +/- 1 Bq l(-1), which is consistent with the data of 1998-99. However, it has been found that there are surface waters containing enhanced tritium as compared with the background values for the Yenisei River. For instance, in the Ploskii Stream and the Shumikha River the maximum tritium concentrations amount to 168 and 81 Bq l(-1), respectively. The source of tritium in these surface waters is the last operating reactor at the MCC, which still uses the Yenisei water as coolant. In water and sediment samples of the Bolshaya Tel River (a tributary of the Yenisei River) the tritium content turned out to be at least 10 times higher than the background values for the Yenisei River. The measurements conducted at the RPA RADON (Moscow) revealed not only tritium but also the artificial radionuclide C-14 in the Bolshaya Tel samples. The data obtained suggest that the Bolshaya Tel River receives the major part of tritium from sediments rather than from the water catchment area. This allows the conclusion that there is water exchange between the surface waters and the radioactively contaminated underground horizons of the "Severny" testing site. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
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Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Bolsunovsky, A. Ya., Dementyev D. V., Vakhrushev V. I.
Заглавие : Transport of Artificial Radionuclides over Long Distances Downstream along the Yenisei River during the 1966 Extreme Flood Event
Колич.характеристики :5 с
Коллективы : Russian Foundation for Basic ResearchRussian Foundation for Basic Research (RFBR) [18-44-240001]
Место публикации : Dokl. Earth Sci.: MAIK NAUKA/INTERPERIODICA/SPRINGER, 2021. - Vol. 498, Is. 2. - С. 514-518. - ISSN 1028-334X, DOI 10.1134/S1028334X21060052. - ISSN 1531-8354(eISSN)
Примечания : Cited References:12. - This study was supported in part by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research, project no. 18-44-240001.
Предметные рубрики: SEDIMENTS
ELEMENTS
Аннотация: Long-term research has revealed layers with abnormally high concentrations of Cs-137 in bottom sediments and alluvial soils in the floodplain of the Yenisei River at various distances (as far as 820 km) downstream from the radioactive discharge point of the Mining-and-Chemical Combine (MCC) of Rosatom. The highest activity concentration of Cs-137 in these layers reached 26 000 Bq/kg, which was higher than the Cs-137 maximum at the well-known radioactive anomaly in the Yeniseisk riparian zone (330 km downstream from the MCC), which was formed during the 1966 extreme flood event. The radionuclide composition and the Cs-137/Eu-152 and Cs-137/Co-60 ratios in the anomalous layers studied were the same as those at the Yeniseisk anomalous site, suggesting that they had the same origin by the transport of sediments from the MCC area during the 1966 extreme flood event. The transport of radioactive bottom sediments over long distances from the MCC discharge point downstream along the Yenisei River during the 1966 extreme flood event may continue to pose a possible radiation hazard to the river ecosystem and residents of riverside villages.
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Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Darin A. V., Rogozin D. Y., Meydus A. V., Babich V. V., Kalugin I. A., Markovich T. I., Rakshun Y. V., Darin F. A., Sorokoletov D. S., Gogin A. A., Senin R. A., Degermendzhi A. G.
Заглавие : Traces of the Tunguska Event (1908) in Sediments of Zapovednoe Lake Based on SR–XRF Data
Место публикации : Dokl. Earth Sci.: Pleiades Publishing, 2020. - Vol. 492, Is. 2. - С. 442-445. - ISSN 1028334X (ISSN), DOI 10.1134/S1028334X20060045
Аннотация: Abstract: An anomalous layer enriched with chemical elements indicating the presence of terrigenous matter was discovered in the sediment core of Zapovednoe Lake located 60 km from the epicenter of the Tunguska event (1908) using synchrotron radiation X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (SR–XRF). Radioisotope measurements indicate that the age of the layer is consistent with the date of the catastrophe. Apparently, the anomalous layer was formed as a result of an intense terrigenous matter inflow from the water catchment area due to massive forest falls and subsequent wildfires caused by the Tunguska event. Thus, it is established that targeted searches for microparticles of extraterrestrial origin can be carried out in the discovered and dated anomalous bottom sediment layer. © 2020, Pleiades Publishing, Ltd.
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Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Zotina T. A., Trofimova E. A., Dementyev D. V.
Заглавие : Time-dependent trends of artificial radionuclides in biota of the Yenisei River (Siberia, Russia)
Место публикации : J. Environ. Radioact.: Elsevier Ltd, 2019. - Vol. 208-209. - Ст.106028. - ISSN 0265931X (ISSN) , DOI 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2019.106028
Аннотация: We investigated time-dependent trends of artificial radionuclides in aquatic moss, zoobenthos (amphipods and caddisfly larvae), and three abundant wild fish species (Northern pike, Arctic grayling, and Siberian dace) inhabiting the Yenisei River in the vicinity of the radioactive discharge site in 2007–2015, in a period before and after the shutdown of the last nuclear reactor plant at the Mining-and-Chemical Combine (MCC), which occurred in 2010. From our research, we learned that concentrations of short-lived radionuclides, whose discharges to the Yenisei either stopped or declined after the shutdown of the reactor plant at the MCC (24Na, 46Sc,51Cr, 54Mn, 58Co, 59Fe, 60Co, 65Zn, 103Ru, 141,144Ce, 152,154Eu, 239Np), decreased in biota samples as well. The ecological half-life (EHL) of 65Zn (0.4–0.7 y) was similar to the physical half-life of this isotope, the EHLs of 60Co (1.2–2.1 y) and 152Eu (1.8 y) were shorter than the physical half-lives of these isotopes. Concentration of 137Cs did not decrease significantly in biota of the Yenisei after the shutdown of the last reactor plant because the discharges of this radionuclide to the Yenisei continued at the same level. On a longer-term scale (since 1973 and since 1991), concentration of 137Cs in fish muscle had significantly decreased, following the decrease in annual discharges of this radionuclide to the Yenisei, and the EHL of 137Cs was estimated as 6.5–12.8 y. Statistically significant correlation with annual discharges of 137Cs was revealed for the concentration of this radionuclide in grayling (whole bodies and muscle); dace (muscle), and amphipods. Despite their ability to accumulate high concentrations of 137Cs, aquatic moss and caddisfly larvae (analyzed together with their stony casings) were not sensitive to interannual fluctuations in the releases of this radionuclide to the Yenisei. Among the analyzed fish species of the Yenisei, the highest activity concentration of 137Cs was revealed in pike (body and muscle), indicating biomagnification of this radionuclide in the top level of the trophic chain. © 2019 Elsevier Ltd
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Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Bolsunovsky A., Muratova E., Sukovaty A., Kornilova M.
Заглавие : The effect of radionuclide and heavy metal contamination of the Yenisei River on cytogenetics of aquatic plant Elodea canadensis
Место публикации : Radioprotection. - 2009. - Vol. 44, Is. 5. - С. 83-88. - ISSN 00338451 (ISSN) , DOI 10.1051/radiopro/20095021
Аннотация: The study was done to determine concentrations of radionuclides and heavy metals and to evaluate the frequency of chromosomal aberrations in samples of Elodea canadensis, a submerged plant, collected in different parts of the Yenisei River. Samples were collected in the area subjected to radioactive impact of theMining-and-Chemical Combine (MCC) at Zheleznogorsk and in the control areas, upstream of the MCC. The investigations showed that Elodea biomass in the area affected by MCC operation contained a long inventory of artificial radionuclides typical of the MCC discharges. Upstream of the MCC, in the control sampling areas, the sediments and the Elodea biomass contained only one artificial radionuclide - 137Cs. Thus, the exposure doses to Elodea shoots and roots upstream of the MCC are small (not more than 8 ?Gy/d) and the main contribution to them is made by natural radionuclides. At the MCC discharge site (the village of Atamanovo) and downstream of it, the total dose rate increases almost an order of magnitude, reaching its maximal values - 72 ?Gy/d for Elodea shoots and 58 ? Gy/d for roots. Cytogenetic investigations of Elodea roots showed that at the MCC discharge site (the village of Atamanovo) and downstream of it the occurrence of chromosomal aberrations in ana-telophase and metaphase cells of Elodea was considerably higher than in the control area. It is highly probable that this simultaneous dramatic increase in the total exposure rate and the occurrence of chromosomal aberrations in Elodea is associated with the radiation factor. It is suggested that Elodea is affected not only by the radiation factor but also by the chemical factor - toxicity of heavy metals. В© 2009 EDP Sciences.
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Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Bondareva L.G., Bolsunovskii A.Ya.
Заглавие : Speciation of artificial radionuclides 60Co, 137Cs, 152Eu, and 241Am in bottom sediments of the Yenisei river
Место публикации : Radiochemistry. - 2008. - Vol. 50, Is. 5. - С. 547-552. - ISSN 10663622 (ISSN) , DOI 10.1134/S1066362208050196
Аннотация: The speciation of artificial radionuclides 60Co, 137Cs, 152Eu, and 241Am in surface layers of bottom sediments of the Yenisei river, collected within the near zone of impact of the Mining and Chemical Combine (Rosatom), was studied. In these samples the radionuclides 60Co, 152Eu, and 241Am are mainly associated with fractions of humic and fulvic acids. The fraction of 152Eu associated with nonsilicate iron is approximately 92%. The migration capability of radionuclides collected near the Atamanovo settlement decreases in the order 152Eu > 241Am > 60Co > 137Cs. For samples collected near Bol'shoi Balchug settlement, this order is as follows: 152Eu ? 241Am > 60Co > 137Cs. The presence of radionuclide-bearing micro-particles in bottom sediments considerably complicates the distribution of radionuclides, in particular, of 241Am and 137Cs, among migration forms. В© 2008 MAIK Nauka.
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Вид документа : Статья из сборника (выпуск продолж. издания)
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Bolsunovsky A., Dementyev D.
Заглавие : Sediments of the Yenisei River: Monitoring of radionuclide levels and estimation of sedimentation rates
Место публикации : IAHS-AISH Publication. - 2010. - Vol. 337: Symposium on Sediment Dynamics for a Changing Future (14 June 2010 through 18 June 2010, Warsaw) Conference code: 84220. - С. 143-148
Ключевые слова (''Своб.индексиров.''): artificial and natural radionuclides--dating methods--river sediments--sedimentation rates--yenisei river--dating methods--natural radionuclides--river sediments--sedimentation rates--yenisei river--anoxic sediments--cesium--europium--lead--nuclear energy--nuclear weapons--plutonium--radioisotopes--river pollution--sedimentation--sedimentology--strontium--uranium--rivers--cesium isotope--cobalt isotope--europium--fluvial deposit--plutonium isotope--radioactive pollution--radioactive waste--radionuclide--sampling--sediment core--sediment pollution--sedimentation rate--krasnoyarsk [russian federation]--russian federation--yenisei river
Аннотация: The Yenisei River, one of the largest rivers in the world, is contaminated with artificial radionuclides released by a Russian nuclear facility producing weapon-grade plutonium, which has been in operation for many years. Examination of Yenisei River sediment samples revealed the presence of artificial radionuclides typical of radioactive discharge from the Mining-and-Chemical- Combine (MCC) nuclear facility: isotopes of europium ( 152Eu, 154Eu, and 155Eu), caesium ( 137Cs and 134Cs), 60Co, 90Sr, and transuranium elements. Maximum radionuclide concentrations in sediments remained high as far as 240 km downstream of the MCC. In sediment cores collected upstream of the MCC, ?-spectrometric measurements registered only one artificial radionuclide, 137Cs, with a maximum activity of approx. 8 Bq kg -1 dry mass. Sediments of the Yenisei River also contain natural radionuclides. Sedimentation rates in several sections of the Yenisei River were determined using, different approaches: the 210Pb dating method and the ratios of artificial radionuclides - 137Cs/ 60Co and 152Eu/ 154Eu. With increasing distance downstream of the city of Krasnoyarsk, sedimentation rates increased from 0.88 cm year -1 to 1.30-1.51 cm year -1. Copyright В© 2010 IAHS Press.
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10.

Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Bolsunovsky A.
Заглавие : Radionuclide speciation in sediments of the Yenisei River
Место публикации : Radioprotection. - 2011. - Vol. 46, Is. 6 SUPPL. - С. S195-S198. - ISSN 00338451 (ISSN) , DOI 10.1051/radiopro/20116457s
Аннотация: The examination of sediment samples collected from the Yenisei River revealed the presence of artificial radionuclides characteristic of radioactive discharges from the MCC facility: isotopes of europium (152Eu, 154Eu, and 155Eu), cesium (137Cs and 134Cs), 60Co,90Sr, and transuranium elements. Radionuclide concentrations in sediment layers remained high as far as 240 km downstream of the MCC. The vertical distribution of radionuclides in sediment cores was very complex, and down-core variations were due to different amounts of radionuclides released by the MCC and due to variations in the hydrologic conditions in the river. Sequential extraction performed on samples of the upper layers of the sediment core showed different degrees of potential environmental availability of artificial radionuclides: the amounts of extracted 90Sr, 152Eu and 241Am were the largest (60-80% of initial activity), then followed 60Co (30%), 238,239,240Pu (15-30%), and, last, 137Cs (5-15%). The distribution of 238U among chemical fractions of sediments was similar to that of 60Co and 238,239,240Pu: 30-40% of 238U initial activity was extracted. In a few samples, 241Am was present in the unextractable form, which may be accounted for by the presence of microparticles of the reactor fuel. В© 2011 EDP Sciences.
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11.

Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Bolsunovskii A.Y., Aturova V.P., Burger M..., Schmid E..., Astner M..., Brunner B..., Degermendzhi A.G., Kovalenko V.V., Kurkatov S.V.
Заглавие : Radioactive contamination of populated areas of the Krasnoyarsk krai in the region of location of the Mining-Chemical Combine
Место публикации : Radiochemistry: MAIK NAUKA/INTERPERIODICA/SPRINGER, 1999. - Vol. 41, Is. 6. - С. 604-609. - 6. - ISSN 1066-3622
Примечания : Cited References: 6
Аннотация: Radionuclide content in soil samples collected from populated areas of the Krasnoyarsk krai in the region of location of the Mining-Chemical Combine (MCC), RF Ministry of Nuclear Power Engineering (Minatom), Zheleznogorsk, is determined. The samples were analyzed in the State Sanitary Epidemiological Inspection Center of the Krasnoyarsk krai (Krasnoyarsk, Russia) and analytical and Radiochemical Laboratory (Spiez, Switzerland). In the soil samples collected from the areas that are not subject to the impact of MCC (due to contaminated water discharge and airborne effluents) the maximal content of the most radiologically significant technogenic radionuclide Cs-137 was found to be 45 Bq/kg, which does not exceed the global level: In flood land it amounts to 631 Bq/kg, and the absolutely maximal content (6507 Bq/kg) was found in the samples collected at a depth of 50-80 cm from the Gorodskoi Isl. near the Yeniseisk town. The Pu-239,Pu-240 content in top horizons of soil outside the MCC impact zone ranges from 0.2 to 0.6 Bq/kg. In the flood areas of populated localities at the Yenisei River the Pu-239,Pu-240 content increases to 3.2 Bq/kg in top horizons and more significantly in deeper horizons. The maximal Pu-239,Pu-240 content (8-10 and 10.6-28.9 Bq/kg determined by the Russian and Swiss Researchers, respectively) is found in the samples collected from Yeniseisk at a depth of 50-80 cm. These results suggest that Pu is supplied from MCC to the flood areas of populated localities with the river water. An increased Pu-239,Pu-240 content was also found in soil samples collected from the free-fall areas of the Atamanovo and Bol'shoi Balchug settlements located near the MCC sanitary zone.
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12.

Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Rozhko T. V., Badun G. A., Razzhivina I. A., Guseynov O. A., Guseynova V. E., Kudryasheva N. S.
Заглавие : On the mechanism of biological activation by tritium
Место публикации : J. Environ. Radioact. - 2016. - Vol. 157. - С. 131-135. - ISSN 0265931X (ISSN) , DOI 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2016.03.017
Ключевые слова (''Своб.индексиров.''): dna mutations--low-dose effect--luminous marine bacteria--radiation hormesis--tritium
Аннотация: The mechanism of biological activation by beta-emitting radionuclide tritium was studied. Luminous marine bacteria were used as a bioassay to monitor the biological effect of tritium with luminescence intensity as the physiological parameter tested. Two different types of tritium sources were used: HTO molecules distributed regularly in the surrounding aqueous medium, and a solid source with tritium atoms fixed on its surface (tritium-labeled films, 0.11, 0.28, 0.91, and 2.36 MBq/cm2). When using the tritium-labeled films, tritium penetration into the cells was prevented. The both types of tritium sources revealed similar changes in the bacterial luminescence kinetics: a delay period followed by bioluminescence activation. No monotonic dependences of bioluminescence activation efficiency on specific radioactivities of the films were found. A 15-day exposure to tritiated water (100 MBq/L) did not reveal mutations in bacterial DNA. The results obtained give preference to a "non-genomic" mechanism of bioluminescence activation by tritium. An activation of the intracellular bioluminescence process develops without penetration of tritium atoms into the cells and can be caused by intensification of trans-membrane cellular processes stimulated by ionization and radiolysis of aqueous media. © 2016 Elsevier Ltd.
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13.

Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Zotina T.A., Bolsunovskij A.Ya., Bondareva L.G.
Заглавие : New data on accumulation of americium-241 in photoassimilating organs of aquatic plant Elodea canadensis
Место публикации : Doklady Akademii Nauk. - 2005. - Vol. 405, Is. 2. - С. 274-276. - ISSN 08695652 (ISSN)
Ключевые слова (''Своб.индексиров.''): absorption--biomass--composition effects--microorganisms--plants (botany)--radioactivity--photoassimilation--radionuclide accumulation--americium
Аннотация: It is shown experimentally that 241Am activity accumulated by elodea is mainly contained in leaves (up to 80%) and about 20% - in the stem. Specific capacity of leaves in respect to americium is considerably dependent on the plant age that is due to formed on elodea leaf surface organo-mineral sediment consisting of mineral salts, epiphytic microorganisms and exometabolites. Am accumulation is larger in the older leaves (located lower on the stem) - nearly 70% of activity of americium accumulated by the whole plant biomass.
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14.

Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Kudryasheva N. S., Kovel E. S.
Заглавие : Monitoring of Low-Intensity Exposures via Luminescent Bioassays of Different Complexity: Cells, Enzyme Reactions, and Fluorescent Proteins
Колич.характеристики :18 с
Место публикации : Int J Mol Sci: NLM (Medline), 2019. - Vol. 20, Is. 18. - Ст.4451. - ISSN 14220067 (ISSN) , DOI 10.3390/ijms20184451
Аннотация: The current paper reviews the applications of luminescence bioassays for monitoring the results of low-intensity exposures which produce a stimulative effect. The impacts of radioactivity of different types (alpha, beta, and gamma) and bioactive compounds (humic substances and fullerenols) are under consideration. Bioassays based on luminous marine bacteria, their enzymes, and fluorescent coelenteramide-containing proteins were used to compare the results of the low-intensity exposures at the cellular, biochemical, and physicochemical levels, respectively. High rates of luminescence response can provide (1) a proper number of experimental results under comparable conditions and, therefore, proper statistical processing, with this being highly important for "noisy" low-intensity exposures; and (2) non-genetic, i.e., biochemical and physicochemical mechanisms of cellular response for short-term exposures. The results of cellular exposures were discussed in terms of the hormesis concept, which implies low-dose stimulation and high-dose inhibition of physiological functions. Dependencies of the luminescence response on the exposure time or intensity (radionuclide concentration/gamma radiation dose rate, concentration of the bioactive compounds) were analyzed and compared for bioassays of different organization levels.
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15.

Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Bondareva L., Vlasova I., Mogilnaya O., Bolsunovsky A., Kalmykov S.
Заглавие : Microdistribution of 241Am in structures of submerged macrophyte Elodea canadensis growing in the Yenisei River
Место публикации : Journal of Environmental Radioactivity. - 2010. - Vol. 101, Is. 1. - С. 16-21. - ISSN 0265931X (ISSN) , DOI 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2009.08.003
Ключевые слова (''Своб.индексиров.''): alpha-track analysis--americium--elodea canadensis--liquid-scintillation spectrometry--microdistribution--alpha-track analysis--elodea canadensis--microdistribution--scintillation spectrometry--track analysis--liquids--luminescence--radioisotopes--scintillation--spectrometry--spectroscopy--americium--americium 241--americium--americium--bioaccumulation--experimental study--leaf--macrophyte--mass spectrometry--morphology--radionuclide--spatial distribution--stem--submerged vegetation--tracking--aquatic flora--article--bioaccumulation--concentration (parameters)--elodea canadensis--environmental radioactivity--isotope analysis--isotope tracing--leaf lamina--leaf surface--macrophyte--nonhuman--plant cell--plant morphology--plant stem--radioisotope distribution--river--chemistry--hydrocharitaceae--metabolism--plant--plant leaf--radiation monitoring--river--water pollutant--eurasia--russian federation--yenisei river--elodea canadensis--americium--hydrocharitaceae--plant leaves--plant shoots--plant stems--radiation monitoring--rivers--water pollutants, radioactive
Аннотация: A submerged macrophyte of the Yenisei River, Elodea canadensis, was used to study the microdistribution of the artificial radionuclide 241Am among different components of the plant. The total amount of 241Am added to the experimental system was 1850 В± 31 Bq/L. The total amount of 241Am accumulated by the plants was 182 Bq per sample, or 758,333 В± 385 Bq/kg dry mass. It has been found that the major portion of 241Am accumulated by E. canadensis, up to 85%, was bound to solid components of the cells. It is observed that the microdistribution of 241Am within different components of the submerged plant E. canadensis was not uniform. 241Am distribution vary depending on the age of the leaf blades, the state of the cells and morphological features of the plant stem. В© 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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16.

Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Rozhko T. V., Guseynov O. A., Guseynova V. E., Bondar A. A., Devyatlovskaya A. N., Kudryasheva N. S.
Заглавие : Is bacterial luminescence response to low-dose radiation associated with mutagenicity?
Место публикации : J. Environ. Radioact.: Elsevier Ltd, 2017. - Vol. 177. - С. 261-265. - ISSN 0265931X (ISSN) , DOI 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2017.07.010
Ключевые слова (''Своб.индексиров.''): bioassay--dna--low-dose radiation--luminous marine bacteria--mutations--bacteria--bioassay--bioluminescence--chemical activation--dna--dna sequences--genes--ionizing radiation--kinetics--luminescence--nucleic acids--phosphorescence--physiological models--radioisotopes--bacterial suspensions--beta-emitting radionuclides--low dose radiation--luminescence intensity--marine bacterium--mutations--photobacterium phosphoreum--physiological parameters--radiation--bacteria (microorganisms)--photobacterium phosphoreum
Аннотация: Luminous marine bacteria are widely used in bioassays with luminescence intensity being a physiological parameter tested. The purpose of the study was to determine whether bacterial genetic alteration is responsible for bioluminescence kinetics change under low-dose radiation exposure. The alpha-emitting radionuclide 241Am and beta-emitting radionuclide 3H were used as the sources of low-dose ionizing radiation. Changes of bioluminescence kinetics of Photobacterium phosphoreum in solutions of 241Am(NO3)3, 7 kBq/L, and tritiated water, 100 MBq/L, were studied; bioluminescence kinetics stages (absence of effect, activation, and inhibition) were determined. Bacterial suspension was sampled at different stages of the bioluminescent kinetics; the doses accumulated by the samples were close or a little higher than a tentative limit of a low-dose interval: 0.10 and 0.85 Gy for 241Am, or 0.11 and 0.18 Gy for 3H. Sequence analysis of the 16S ribosomal RNA gene did not reveal a mutagenic effect of low-dose alpha and beta radiation in the bacterial samples. Previous results on bacterial DNA exposed to low-dose gamma radiation (0.25 Gy) were analyzed and compared to those for alpha and beta irradiation. It is concluded that bioluminescence activation and/or inhibition under the applied conditions of low-dose alpha, beta and gamma radioactive exposure is not associated with DNA mutations in the gene sequences tested. © 2017 Elsevier Ltd
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17.

Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Rozhko T. V., Kolesnik O. V., Badun G. A., Stom D. I., Kudryasheva N. S.
Заглавие : Humic substances mitigate the impact of tritium on luminous marine bacteria. Involvement of reactive oxygen species
Место публикации : International Journal of Molecular Sciences: MDPI AG, 2020. - Vol. 21, Is. 18. - Ст.6783. - С. 1-12. - ISSN 16616596 (ISSN), DOI 10.3390/ijms21186783
Аннотация: The paper studies the combined effects of beta-emitting radionuclide tritium and Humic Substances (HS) on the marine unicellular microorganism—luminous bacteria—under conditions of low-dose radiation exposures (0.04 Gy). Tritium was used as a component of tritiated water. Bacterial luminescence intensity was considered as a tested physiological parameter. The bioluminescence response of the marine bacteria to tritium corresponded to the “hormesis” model: it included stages of bioluminescence inhibition and activation, as well as the absence of the effect. HS were shown to decrease the inhibition and activation effects of tritium, similar to those of americium-241, alpha-emitting radionuclide, studied earlier. Correlations between the bioluminescence intensity and the content of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) were found in the radioactive bacterial suspensions. The results demonstrate an important role of HS in natural processes in the regions of low radioactive contamination: HS can mitigate radiotoxic effects and adaptive response of microorganisms to low-dose radioactive exposures. The involvement of ROS in these processes was demonstrated. © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
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18.

Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Rozhko, Tatiana V., Kolesnik, Olga V., Badun, Gennadii A., Stom, Devard I., Kudryasheva, Nadezhda S.
Заглавие : Humic Substances Mitigate the Impact of Tritium on Luminous Marine Bacteria. Involvement of Reactive Oxygen Species
Колич.характеристики :12 с
Коллективы : RFBR-Krasnoyarsk Regional Foundation [N 18-44-242002, 18-44-240004]
Место публикации : Int. J. Mol. Sci.: MDPI, 2020. - Vol. 21, Is. 18. - Ст.6783. - ISSN 1422-0067(eISSN), DOI 10.3390/ijms21186783
Примечания : Cited References:74. - This work was supported by RFBR-Krasnoyarsk Regional Foundation N 18-44-242002, 18-44-240004.
Предметные рубрики: IONIZING-RADIATION
OXIDATIVE STRESS
DETOXIFICATION PROCESSES
Аннотация: The paper studies the combined effects of beta-emitting radionuclide tritium and Humic Substances (HS) on the marine unicellular microorganism-luminous bacteria-under conditions of low-dose radiation exposures (0.04 Gy). Tritium was used as a component of tritiated water. Bacterial luminescence intensity was considered as a tested physiological parameter. The bioluminescence response of the marine bacteria to tritium corresponded to the "hormesis" model: it included stages of bioluminescence inhibition and activation, as well as the absence of the effect. HS were shown to decrease the inhibition and activation effects of tritium, similar to those of americium-241, alpha-emitting radionuclide, studied earlier. Correlations between the bioluminescence intensity and the content of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) were found in the radioactive bacterial suspensions. The results demonstrate an important role of HS in natural processes in the regions of low radioactive contamination: HS can mitigate radiotoxic effects and adaptive response of microorganisms to low-dose radioactive exposures. The involvement of ROS in these processes was demonstrated.
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19.

Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Bolsunovsky A.Y., Tcherkezian V.O.
Заглавие : Hot particles of the Yenisei River flood plain, Russia
Колич.характеристики :8 с
Место публикации : J. Environ. Radioact.: ELSEVIER SCI LTD, 2001. - Vol. 57, Is. 3. - P167-174. - ISSN 0265-931X, DOI 10.1016/S0265-931X(01)00021-2
Примечания : Cited References: 12
Предметные рубрики: CONTAMINATION
CHERNOBYL
ACCIDENT
Ключевые слова (''Своб.индексиров.''): hot particles--yenisei river--plutonium complex--caesium and plutonium isotopes--dating of particles
Аннотация: Some high-activity hot particles (HP) were found in the flood plain of the Yenisei River, near the Krasnoyarsk Mining-and-Chemical Combine (MCC). and their radionuclide compositions were determined. The ratios of plutonium and caesium isotopes in the particles are indicative of their reactor origin. The Cs-137 activity of the particles amounts to 29,200 kBq/particle, which is higher than the corresponding activities of the fuel particles that formed as a result of the accident at the Chernobyl NPP, All the particles have been divided into two major groups according to the Cs-137/Cs-134 ratio: in the first group, the Cs-137/Cs-134 ratio is more than or equal to 3000, and in the second the Cs-137/Cs-134 ratio is less than or equal to 1000. The particles of the first and the second groups were preliminarily estimated to be formed 30 and 20 years ago, which suggests that there must have been at least two accidents at the MCC reactors, with part of the fuel released into the Yenisei River. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
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20.

Вид документа : Статья из сборника (однотомник)
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Bolsunovsky A...
Заглавие : HOT PARTICLES IN THE FLOODPLAIN OF THE YENISEI RIVER
Место публикации : RADIOACTIVE PARTICLES IN THE ENVIRONMENT. Ser. NATO Science for Peace and Security Series C - Environmental Security: SPRINGER, 2009. - NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Hot Particles Released from Different Nuclear Sources (MAY 07-10, 2007, Yalta, UKRAINE). - С. 111-121. - 11. - ISBN 1871-4668, DOI 10.1007/978-90-481-2949-2_6. - ISBN 978-90-481-2947-8
Примечания : Cited References: 8
Предметные рубрики: RADIONUCLIDES
RUSSIA
Ключевые слова (''Своб.индексиров.''): hot particles--yenisei river--floodplain soils and sediments--plutonium complex--cesium and plutonium isotopes--(241)am--dating of particles
Аннотация: The purpose of this study was to investigate radionuclide composition of the hot particles found in the floodplain of the Yenisei River and to discuss their possible Sources. Since 1995, researchers of the Institute of Biophysics have found a considerable number of hot particles that contain up to 29,000 kBq/particle of (137)Cs in the Yenisei River floodplain. Investigations of the particles in Krasnoyarsk, Moscow, and Novosibirsk have confirmed their reactor origin and made it possible to roughly estimate their age. Based oil comparative analysis of (137)Cs/(134)Cs ratios, all the particles can be divided into two or three major groups, suggesting that over the 50-year period of the MCC operation, there have been two or three emergency situations at the MCC reactors, with nuclear fuel microparticles released into the Yenisei. Microparticles containing up to 36 Bq/particle of (241)Am were detected in soil and sediment samples collected at the Yenisei River. In some of these particles the (137)Cs/(241)Am ratio is high but in the others - low. It remains unknown how these particles have been formed. However, these microparticles Occur in floodplain soils and sediments very frequently and, thus, can be considered to be the main form in which radionuclides are present in the Yenisei River floodplain. The presence of a large number of hot particles of different origin in the floodplain of the Yenisei River from the MCC production area down to the town of Yeniseisk (and, probably, farther downstream) is a source of potential health hazard to people.
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