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Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Trofimova E.A., Zotina T.A., Bolsunovskii A.Y.
Заглавие : Estimation of transfer of technogenic radionuclides in food chains of the Yenisei river
Место публикации : Contemporary Problems of Ecology. - 2012. - Vol. 5, Is. 4. - С. 365-370. - ISSN 19954255 (ISSN) , DOI 10.1134/S1995425512040142
Ключевые слова (''Своб.индексиров.''): burbot--dace--grayling--pike--water moss--zoobenthos--bioaccumulation--food chain--gadoid--gamma ray radiation--macrophyte--moss--radioactive pollution--radionuclide--salmonid--trophic level--zoobenthos--russian federation--yenisei river--bryophyta--esocidae--lota
Аннотация: The efficiency of the transfer of gamma-emitting radionuclides in food chains, including macrophytes, zoobenthos, and bentho- and ichthyophagist fish, was estimated in the radiation-polluted region of the Yenisei river. Significant differences in the efficiency of the transfer of natural and technogenic radionuclides between components of different trophic levels were revealed. Substantial species-related differences in the accumulation of radionuclides in ichthyophagist fish from food were revealed. В© 2012 Pleiades Publishing, Ltd.
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Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Bolsunovskii A.Y., Zhizhaev A.M., Saprykin A.I., Degermendzhi A.G., Rubailo A.I.
Заглавие : First data on the uranium content in water of the Yenisei River basin in the area affected by the operation of Rosatom plants
Место публикации : Doklady Earth Sciences. - 2011. - Vol. 439, Is. 1. - С. 1010-1015. - ISSN 1028334X (ISSN) , DOI 10.1134/S1028334X11070208
Ключевые слова (''Своб.индексиров.''): inorganic chemistry--isotope ratio--isotopic composition--long term monitoring--river basins--russian academy of sciences--uranium contents--uranium isotopes--water samples--effluents--inorganic compounds--isotopes--mass spectrometry--nuclear fuels--rivers--uranium--watersheds--water content--effluent--environmental monitoring--isotopic composition--isotopic ratio--mass spectrometry--tributary--uranium isotope--russian federation--yenisei river
Аннотация: This study is devoted to investigating the content of uranium isotopes in water of the Yenisei River and its tributaries within the territories affected by the operation of Rosatom plants (mining chemical combine, and electrochemical plant). Long-term monitoring of the 238U content by mass spectrometry carried out in two institutes of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences first revealed the multiple excess of 238U over the background content in different areas of the Yenisei River basin, such as the region of the Yenisei River near the effluents of the mining and chemical combine (MCC), and the territories of the Bol'shaya Tel' and Kan rivers. In these regions, the 238U content in water reaches 2.1-4.0 ?g/l, which exceeds its content upstream from the MCC (0.3-0.6 ?g/l) by almost an order of magnitude. The studies of the isotopic composition of uranium in water samples, which were carried out at the Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, showed the presence of a technogenic isotope of uranium 236U in the samples from the Bolshaya Tel' River and revealed the deviation of the isotope ratio 238U/ 235U (167 В± 3 and 177 В± 3) from the equilibrium natural ratio ( 238U/ 235U = 138). These facts attest to the technogenic origin of part of the uranium in water of the Bol'shaya Tel' River connected with the activity of MCC. The excess uranium content in the Kan River requires additional studies to ascertain the fraction of uranium of technogenic origin connected with the activity of the electrochemical plant (ECP) (Fig. 1, Table 4). В© 2011 Pleiades Publishing, Ltd.
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Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Bondareva L.G., Bolsunovskii A.Ya.
Заглавие : Speciation of artificial radionuclides 60Co, 137Cs, 152Eu, and 241Am in bottom sediments of the Yenisei river
Место публикации : Radiochemistry. - 2008. - Vol. 50, Is. 5. - С. 547-552. - ISSN 10663622 (ISSN) , DOI 10.1134/S1066362208050196
Аннотация: The speciation of artificial radionuclides 60Co, 137Cs, 152Eu, and 241Am in surface layers of bottom sediments of the Yenisei river, collected within the near zone of impact of the Mining and Chemical Combine (Rosatom), was studied. In these samples the radionuclides 60Co, 152Eu, and 241Am are mainly associated with fractions of humic and fulvic acids. The fraction of 152Eu associated with nonsilicate iron is approximately 92%. The migration capability of radionuclides collected near the Atamanovo settlement decreases in the order 152Eu > 241Am > 60Co > 137Cs. For samples collected near Bol'shoi Balchug settlement, this order is as follows: 152Eu ? 241Am > 60Co > 137Cs. The presence of radionuclide-bearing micro-particles in bottom sediments considerably complicates the distribution of radionuclides, in particular, of 241Am and 137Cs, among migration forms. В© 2008 MAIK Nauka.
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Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Bondareva L.G., Kalyakina O.P., Bolsunovskii A.Ya.
Заглавие : Effect of humic acid on absorption-release processes in the bottom sediments-Yenisei river water system as studied by dual-column ion chromatography and ?-ray spectrometry
Место публикации : Journal of Analytical Chemistry. - 2006. - Vol. 61, Is. 4. - С. 354-358. - ISSN 10619348 (ISSN) , DOI 10.1134/S1061934806040101
Ключевые слова (''Своб.индексиров.''): absorption--chromatographic analysis--complexation--gamma ray spectrometers--radioisotopes--?-ray spectrometry--absorption-release processes--dual-column ion chromatography--humic acid--organic acids
Аннотация: The effect of humic acid on absorption-release processes in the bottom sediments-Yenisei river water system was studied by dual-column ion chromatography and ?-ray spectrometry. With the use of ion chromatography, it was found that processes related to the absorption of SO 42- and Cl- anions by a solid phase with the release of NO 3- , PO 43- , and F- to a liquid phase competed in the test systems as the concentration of water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC) was increased. Only the test anions were released in the systems without the introduction of an additional amount of WSOC as humic acid. With the use of ?-ray spectrometry, it was found that the release of 60Co, 152Eu, and 241Am radionuclides to the liquid phase in the systems with added humic acid began much earlier than in the system without the addition of humic acid. In this case, the amount of released radionuclides was greater than the amount of radioisotopes released in the system without the addition of humic acid: ?25% 241Am, ?3% 152Eu, and ?0.8% 60Co in the system with added humic acid or 0.8% 152Eu and <0.1% 60Co in the system without the addition of humic acid. The 241Am radionuclide was not determined in the system without the addition of humic acid. An increase in the concentration of WSOC in the experimental system of bottom sediments-Yenisei river water initiated the release of 60Co, 152Eu, and 241Am anthropogenic radionuclides from bottom sediments because of the formation of soluble complexes capable of migration. An increase in the concentration of WSOC had almost no effect on the release of 40K and 137Cs radionuclides. В© Pleiades Publishing, Inc., 2006.
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Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Bondareva L.G., Bolsunovskii A.Ya., Sukhorukov F.V., Kazbanov V.I., Makarova I.V., Legler E.V.
Заглавие : Model assessment of the migration capability of transuranium radionuclides (241Am and Pu isotopes) and 152Eu in the system bottom sediments-Yenisei river water by chemical fractionation technique
Место публикации : Radiochemistry. - 2005. - Vol. 47, Is. 4. - С. 415-421. - ISSN 10663622 (ISSN) , DOI 10.1007/s11137-005-0112-8
Аннотация: Sorption of radiotracers 241Am and 242Pu and weighable amounts of uranium and stable Eu on bottom sediments in the simulated system bottom sediments-Yenisei river water was studied. At a contact time of 40 min these metals are completely sorbed on the bottom sediments, presumably via association with organomineral complexes and hydrated gels. Along with sorption, these metals can form soluble complexes and stable colloids (pseudocolloids). The distribution factors of 241Am and 242Pu, and stable Eu in the simulated system between bottom sediments and liquid phases were calculated from the results of sorption experiments. The introduced 241Am and 152Eu initially present in radioactively contaminated bottom sediments of the Yenisei river show similar pattern of distribution over differently mobile fractions. The distribution of weighable amounts of stable Eu significantly differs from that of initially present 152Eu and tracer 241Am due to decelerated sorption of stable Eu and its considerably higher concentration. A significant part of 242Pu, 241Am, and 152Eu is associated with mobile fractions of bottom sediments, which, under certain environmental conditions, can pass into river water as migrating species. В©2005 Pleiades Publishing, Inc.
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Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Bolsunovsky A.
Заглавие : Radionuclide speciation in sediments of the Yenisei River
Место публикации : Radioprotection. - 2011. - Vol. 46, Is. 6 SUPPL. - С. S195-S198. - ISSN 00338451 (ISSN) , DOI 10.1051/radiopro/20116457s
Аннотация: The examination of sediment samples collected from the Yenisei River revealed the presence of artificial radionuclides characteristic of radioactive discharges from the MCC facility: isotopes of europium (152Eu, 154Eu, and 155Eu), cesium (137Cs and 134Cs), 60Co,90Sr, and transuranium elements. Radionuclide concentrations in sediment layers remained high as far as 240 km downstream of the MCC. The vertical distribution of radionuclides in sediment cores was very complex, and down-core variations were due to different amounts of radionuclides released by the MCC and due to variations in the hydrologic conditions in the river. Sequential extraction performed on samples of the upper layers of the sediment core showed different degrees of potential environmental availability of artificial radionuclides: the amounts of extracted 90Sr, 152Eu and 241Am were the largest (60-80% of initial activity), then followed 60Co (30%), 238,239,240Pu (15-30%), and, last, 137Cs (5-15%). The distribution of 238U among chemical fractions of sediments was similar to that of 60Co and 238,239,240Pu: 30-40% of 238U initial activity was extracted. In a few samples, 241Am was present in the unextractable form, which may be accounted for by the presence of microparticles of the reactor fuel. В© 2011 EDP Sciences.
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Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Dementyev D., Bolsunovsky A.
Заглавие : Accumulation of 60Co, 90Sr, 137Cs, 238U and transuranic elements by berry shrubs in forest ecosystems of the Yenisei river basin
Место публикации : Radioprotection. - 2011. - Vol. 46, Is. 6 SUPPL. - С. S25-S28. - ISSN 00338451 (ISSN) , DOI 10.1051/radiopro/20116476s
Аннотация: The study investigates accumulation of radionuclides in 5 species of berry shrubs in forests of the Yenisei River basin (the Krasnoyarskii Krai, Russia). Activity concentrations of 60Co, 90Sr, 137Cs, 238U and transuranic elements in aboveground organs of the shrubs have been determined and their transfer factors calculated. Analysis of the calculated TFs shows that shrubs concentrate 90Sr more effectively than other study elements (TF = 0.25-1.9). The highest concentration of 137Cs is recorded in the berries and leaves of Ribes nigrumand Rubus idaeus. For these species, the range of 137Cs TFs (0.006-0.027) overlaps with the range of 238U TFs (0.004-0.018). For the aboveground parts of Ribes nigrum, TFs for transuranic radionuclides (0.01-0.056) are similar to or higher than the TFs for 238U and 137Cs. В© 2011 EDP Sciences.
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Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Zotina T., Trofimova E., Bolsunovsky A.
Заглавие : Artificial radionuclides in fish fauna of the Yenisei River in the vicinity of the Mining-and-Chemical Combine (Siberia, Russia)
Место публикации : Radioprotection. - 2011. - Vol. 46, Is. 6 SUPPL. - С. S75-S78. - ISSN 00338451 (ISSN) , DOI 10.1051/radiopro/20116649s
Аннотация: Activities of radionuclides were measured in five species of fish (grayling, dace, crucian carp, pike, cod) sampled in the Yenisei River (Siberia, Russia) in the vicinity of the Mining-and-Chemical Combine (ROSATOM) from 2007 to 2010, with a gamma-spectrometer (Canberra, USA). The analyses of samples of organs and tissues of fish species revealed artificial (46Sc, 51Cr, 54Mn, 58,60Co, 59Fe, 65Zn, 85Sr, 99Mo, 103,106Ru, 137Cs, 141,144Ce) and natural (7Be, 40K) radionuclides in fish organs and tissues, including edible ones. The major percent (up to 80%) of 137Cs and 40K activity occurred in muscles of fish species, which also contained considerable percentages of 60Co (up to 70%) and 65Zn (up to 20%). Seasonal changes in the intake of artificial radionuclides by zoobenthos-feeding fish species (grayling and dace) were recorded and they were followed by an activity concentration increase in internal organs. The dramatic increase in radionuclide intake by grayling coincided with the change of diet source. Hence, the feeding behavior of fish can change the fluxes of artificial radionuclides in the Yenisei River. The most effective diet transfer of a radionuclide from gammarus to grayling (muscles and total body) was recorded for 40K (1.3) and much less effective for artificial nuclides. В© 2011 EDP Sciences.
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Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Bolsunovsky A.
Заглавие : Chemical fractionation of radionuclides and stable elements in aquatic plants of the yenisei river
Место публикации : Environmental Science and Technology. - 2011. - Vol. 45, Is. 17. - С. 7143-7150. - ISSN 0013936X (ISSN) , DOI 10.1021/es2008853
Ключевые слова (''Своб.индексиров.''): aquatic plants--artificial radionuclides--cell structure--chemical fractionation--distribution patterns--nuclear plant--plant biomass--sequential extraction scheme--stable elements--submerged plants--transuranic elements--americium--biomass--neptunium--river pollution--rivers--radioisotopes--americium--element--neptunium--radioisotope--bioaccumulation--chemical binding--gamma ray spectrometry--isotopic fractionation--monocotyledon--phytomass--radionuclide--river pollution--submerged vegetation--aquatic species--article--batrachium kauffmanii--biomass--cell structure--controlled study--extraction--fontinalis antipyretica--fractionation--gamma spectrometry--higher plant--nonhuman--plant growth--potamogeton lucens--potamogetonaceae--river--russian federation--aquatic organisms--biomass--chemical fractionation--china--industrial waste--plants--radiation monitoring--radioisotopes--rivers--water pollutants, radioactive--russian federation--yenisei river--batrachium--fontinalis antipyretica--potamogeton lucens
Аннотация: The Yenisei River is contaminated with artificial radionuclides released by one of the Russian nuclear plants. The aquatic plants growing in the radioactively contaminated parts of the river contain artificial radionuclides. The aim of the study was to investigate accumulation of artificial radionuclides and stable elements by submerged plants of the Yenisei River and estimate the strength of their binding to plant biomass by using a new sequential extraction scheme. The aquatic plants sampled were: Potamogeton lucens, Fontinalis antipyretica, and Batrachium kauffmanii. Gamma-spectrometric analysis of the samples of aquatic plants has revealed more than 20 radionuclides. We also investigated the chemical fractionation of radionuclides and stable elements in the biomass and rated radionuclides and stable elements based on their distribution in biomass. The greatest number of radionuclides strongly bound to biomass cell structures was found for Potamogeton lucens and the smallest for Batrachium kauffmanii. For Fontinalis antipyretica, the number of distribution patterns that were similar for both radioactive isotopes and their stable counterparts was greater than for the other studied species. The transuranic elements 239Np and 241Am were found in the intracellular fraction of the biomass, and this suggested their active accumulation by the plants. В© 2011 American Chemical Society.
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10.

Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Bondareva L., Bolsunovsky A.
Заглавие : Bioavailability of 99Tc to a macrophyte of the Yenisei River
Место публикации : Radioprotection. - 2009. - Vol. 44, Is. 5. - С. 71-76. - ISSN 00338451 (ISSN) , DOI 10.1051/radiopro/20095019
Аннотация: The experiments on accumulation of 99Tc by Elodea biomass showed that 99Tc activity concentration can reach 120 В± 6Bq/g, with the concentration factor for 99Tc 2700 В± 500 L/kg. In experiments on 99Tc release, over 504 h about 82% of the total 99Tc activity was released into the water from plant biomass; most of 99Tc was released within the first 192 h. Results of chemical fractionation of the biomass show that 99Tc contained in biomass was mainly concentrated in the exchangeable and the adsorbed fractions (83%). Thus, the data obtained using chemical fractionation of biomass confirmed the experimental data on 99Tc release, which suggested that most of the biomass-bound 99Tc was adsorbed on the biomass surface. 99Tc tightly bound to Elodea biomass (fractions of organics and mineral residue) constituted just 17% of the total 99Tc activity. Decreased illumination of Elodea shoots during the experiment did not cause any reduction in 99Tc activity concentration or concentration factor. Results of chemical fractionation of the biomass grown under lower illumination conditions show that the percentage of 99Tc tightly bound to Elodea biomass (fractions of organics and mineral residue) decreased while the 99Tc of the adsorbed fractions decreased. Our results and data reported by other authors suggest that some part of 99Tc activity can be bioavailable to living organisms and that the portion of bioavailable 99Tc can be determined by a number of factors. В© 2009 EDP Sciences.
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11.

Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Bolsunovsky A., Bondareva L., Sukhorukov F., Melgunov M.
Заглавие : Accumulation of 242Pu by a macrophyte of the Yenisei River (Elodea canadensis) in laboratory experiments
Место публикации : Chemosphere. - 2009. - Vol. 75, Is. 3. - С. 284-288. - ISSN 00456535 (ISSN) , DOI 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2008.12.036
Ключевые слова (''Своб.индексиров.''): 242pu--accumulation--laboratory experiments--sequential extraction technique--submerged plant elodea canadensis--yenisei river--sup242/suppu--accumulation--laboratory experiments--sequential extraction technique--submerged plant elodea canadensis--yenisei river--biological materials--biomass--chemical plants--experiments--positive ions--rivers--plutonium--concentration (composition)--experimental study--laboratory method--macrophyte--plutonium isotope--river water--submerged vegetation--eurasia--russian federation--yenisei river--plutonium--article--biomass--chemistry--hydrocharitaceae--physiology--plant--radiation monitoring--river--time--water pollutant--biomass--hydrocharitaceae--plant shoots--plutonium--radiation monitoring--rivers--time factors--water pollutants, radioactive
Аннотация: The study addresses 242Pu accumulation by Elodea canadensis, one of the abundant species of submerged plants in the Yenisei River. 242Pu in water samples of the "Elodea - Yenisei River water" model system and in the biomass fractions was determined ?-spectrometrically, following radiochemical recovery of 242Pu using 236Pu - a chemical yield tracer. The experiments on accumulation of 242Pu by Elodea biomass showed that the activity concentration of 242Pu can reach 21 В± 2 Bq/g dry wt, with the concentration factor for 242Pu 13100 В± 2100 L/kg dry wt. Results of chemical fractionation proved that during the first few hours of the experiment 242Pu contained in Elodea was mainly concentrated in the exchangeable and the adsorbed fractions of biomass (about 100%). As Elodea biomass accumulated 242Pu, the absolute amount of 242Pu in the exchangeable and the adsorbed fractions remained almost unchanged, although the portion of 242Pu tightly bound to biomass increased. At the end of the experiment, on day 7, 242Pu tightly bound to biomass (fractions of organics and mineral residue) constituted 43-63% (in different experiments) of the total 242Pu in the biomass. В© 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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12.

Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Bolsunovsky A., Bondareva L.
Заглавие : Accumulation and release of 99Tc by a macrophyte of the Yenisei River (Elodea canadensis) in laboratory experiments
Место публикации : Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry. - 2008. - Vol. 277, Is. 3. - С. 631-636. - ISSN 02365731 (ISSN) , DOI 10.1007/s10967-007-7148-5
Ключевые слова (''Своб.индексиров.''): technetium 99m--aquatic flora--article--biomass--controlled study--dry weight--liquid scintillation counting--macrophyte--nonhuman--radiation absorption--radiation detection--radiation dose fractionation--radiation measurement--radioactivity--river--water sampling
Аннотация: The study addresses 99Tc accumulation and release by Elodea canadensis, one of the abundant species of submerged plants in the Yenisei River. 99Tc in water samples of the "Elodea - Yenisei River water" model system and in the biomass fractions was measured using a liquid scintillation analyzer. Experiments on accumulation of 99Tc by Elodea showed that 99Tc activity concentration can reach 120В±6 Bq/g dry wt, with the concentration factor for 99Tc 2700В±500 l/kg dry wt. In experiments on 99Tc release, over 504 hours about 82% of the total 99Tc activity was released into the water from the plant; most of 99Tc was released within the first 192 hours. The data obtained using sequential chemical fractionation of biomass confirmed the experimental data on 99Tc release, which suggested that most of the biomass-bound 99Tc was adsorbed on the surface of Elodea. 99Tc tightly bound to biomass (fractions of organics and mineral residue) constituted just 17% of the total 99Tc activity. В© 2008 Akademiai Kiado, Budapest.
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13.

Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Bolsunovsky A., Bondareva L.
Заглавие : Actinides and other radionuclides in sediments and submerged plants of the Yenisei River
Место публикации : Journal of Alloys and Compounds. - 2007. - Vol. 444-445, Is. SPEC. ISS. - С. 495-499. - ISSN 09258388 (ISSN) , DOI 10.1016/j.jallcom.2007.01.146
Ключевые слова (''Своб.индексиров.''): accumulation--actinides in aquatic plants and sediments--radiochemical and ?-spectrometric investigations--sequential extraction technique--yenisei river--actinides--bioaccumulation--plants (botany)--radioisotopes--rivers--sampling--sediments--mining-and-chemical combine (mcc)--radiochemical and spectrometric investigations--sediment samples--sequential extraction techniques--contamination
Аннотация: The source of radioactive contamination of the Yenisei River floodplain, including contamination with actinides, is the Mining-and-Chemical combine (MCC), which has for many years been producing weapons-grade plutonium. Actinides have been detected not only in the soil and sediment of the river but also in the biomass of aquatic plants. The aim of our investigation was to assess the levels of actinides and other radionuclides in sediments and aquatic plants both near the MCC and at a considerable distance from it, down the Yenisei River. Investigations of the Yenisei River sediment samples revealed high activity concentrations of actinides (Pu isotopes and 241Am), which were 100 times higher than their global fallout levels. Sequential extraction of radionuclides from samples of sediments collected near the MCC showed that the amounts of extracted 241Am were the largest (up to 98% of initial activity). It was found that aquatic plants of the Yenisei River collected both near the MCC discharge site and at a distance up to 200 km downstream contained several actinide isotopes. The aquatic moss, Fontinalis antipyretica, was found to contain higher levels of radionuclides than Potamogeton lucens. Leaves of P. lucens contained higher levels of radionuclides, including 239Np, than stems. Sequential extraction of radionuclides from samples of aquatic plants showed that 239Np levels in exchangeable and adsorption fractions of P. lucens biomass were higher than in the respective fractions of F. antipyretica biomass. В© 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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14.

Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Bolsunovsky A., Ermakov A., Sobolev A.
Заглавие : New data on transuranium elements in the ecosystem of the Yenisei river floodplain
Место публикации : Radiochimica Acta. - 2007. - Vol. 95, Is. 9. - С. 547-552. - ISSN 00338230 (ISSN) , DOI 10.1524/ract.2007.95.9.547
Ключевые слова (''Своб.индексиров.''): 243,244cm--blackcurrant--sediment and floodplain soil of the yenisei river--soil-plant transfer factor (tf)--transuranium elements
Аннотация: The aim of the study is to investigate levels of transuranium elements in the ecosystem of the Yenisei river floodplain in the vicinity of the Mining-and-Chemical Combine of Rosatom. For the first time, the transuranium isotopes 243,244Cm have been detected in sediment, floodplain soil, and a berry shrub (Ribes nigrum - the blackcurrant) in the flood-plain of the Yenisei river. The highest level of curium isotopes registered in the sediment of the Yenisei river is 21.4 Bq/kg (dry), which is more than twice higher than maximum curium levels reported for soils sampled not far from the Chernobyl Nuclear Plant. Blackcurrant plants growing on radioactively contaminated soils contain the same transuranium elements as the soil (plutonium isotopes, americium, and curium). The highest activity concentrations of all transuranic elements have been found in ashed roots of the blackcurrant plants: 239,240Pu - 9.3 Bq/kg, 241Am - 6.9 Bq/kg, and 243,244Cm - 1.8 Bq/kg. The highest soil-plant transfer factor (TF) for 243,244Cm is determined for roots - 0.073; the TF of 243,244Cm in berries is 0.027. The TF for 239,240Pu in berries is 0.006, which is several times lower than the TF for 243,244Cm. Analysis of our results and the literature data suggests that TFs for 243,244Cm are higher than those for 239,240Pu and 241Am. В© by Oldenbourg Wissenschaftsverlag.
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15.

Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Bolsunovsky A., Zotina T., Bondareva L.
Заглавие : Accumulation and release of 241Am by a macrophyte of the Yenisei River (Elodea canadensis)
Место публикации : Journal of Environmental Radioactivity. - 2005. - Vol. 81, Is. 1. - С. 33-46. - ISSN 0265931X (ISSN) , DOI 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2004.10.012
Ключевые слова (''Своб.индексиров.''): 241am--accumulation--laboratory experiments--release--submerged plant elodea canadensis--yenisei river--activation analysis--biomass--concentration (process)--effluents--plutonium--rivers--aquatic plants--elodea plant--macrophytes--radioactive contamination--transuranium elements--americium 241--river water--americium--americium nitrate--bioaccumulation--biological uptake--macrophyte--pollutant source--radioactive pollution--river water--submerged vegetation--article--biomass--concentration (parameters)--environmental factor--fractionation--laboratory--macrophyte--radioactivity--river--sampling--adsorption--chemistry--hydrocharitaceae--methodology--physiology--plant--radiation exposure--radiation monitoring--russian federation--sediment--soil pollutant--time--tissue distribution--water pollutant--eastern hemisphere--eurasia--russian federation--world--yenisei river--elodea canadensis--adsorption--americium--biomass--chemical fractionation--geologic sediments--hydrocharitaceae--plant shoots--radiation monitoring--rivers--russia--soil pollutants, radioactive--time factors--tissue distribution--water pollutants, radioactive
Аннотация: The source of radioactive contamination of the Yenisei River floodplain, including contamination with transuranic elements, is the Mining-and-Chemical Combine of the Russian Ministry of Atomic Energy, which has for many years been producing weapons-grade plutonium. Transuranic elements have been detected not only in the soil and sediment of the river but also in the biomass of aquatic plants. This work is an investigation of accumulation and release of 241Am by a submerged macrophyte of the Yenisei River (Elodea canadensis) in laboratory experiments. In 2000-2003, laboratory experiments were carried out with biomass of E. canadensis Mich. and filtered river water. The samples were collected from the Yenisei River upstream of the discharge of the Combine's radioactive effluent. The experiments showed that 241Am is accumulated by Elodea biomass: the activity concentration of 241Am can reach 3280 В± 240 Bq/g, with the concentration factor for 241Am 16 600 В± 2200 l/kg. Results of chemical fractionation have proved that in the course of 241Am accumulation by Elodea biomass, 241Am tightly bound to biomass increases from 11% to 27% of the total 241Am in the biomass. Release of 241Am from the decaying Elodea biomass has been evaluated experimentally. By the end of the experiment (lasting up to 127 days), the Elodea plants had lost up to 65% of their initial 241Am activity and the rate of 241Am release into the water environment reached 23 Bq/day. В© 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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16.

Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Bolsunovsky A.
Заглавие : Artificial radionuclides in aquatic plants of the Yenisei River in the area affected by effluents of a Russian plutonium complex
Место публикации : Aquatic Ecology. - 2004. - Vol. 38, Is. 1. - С. 57-62. - ISSN 13862588 (ISSN) , DOI 10.1023/B:AECO.0000020950.43944.ec
Ключевые слова (''Своб.индексиров.''): ?-radionuclides--aquatic plants--concentration factor--isotopes of plutonium--aquatic plant--bioaccumulation--effluent--radionuclide--eurasia--russian federation--yenisei river--bryophyta--fontinalis--fontinalis antipyretica--potamogeton--potamogeton lucens
Аннотация: The Yenisei River, one of the largest rivers in the world, is contaminated with artificial radionuclides released by one of the Russian nuclear plants, which produces weapons-grade plutonium and has been in operation for many years. The aim of the study that was conducted between 1997 and 2002 was to investigate accumulation of artificial radionuclides by aquatic plants of the Yenisei River. The aquatic plants sampled were: Potamogeton lucens (shining weed) and Fontinalis antipyretica (water moss). The ?-spectrometric analysis of the samples of aquatic plants for artificial radionuclides has revealed a wide spectrum of long-lived and short-lived radionuclides. Artificial radionuclides such as 51Cr, 54Mn, 58Co, 60Co, 65Zn, 137Cs, and 152Eu were found in aquatic plants collected both near the plutonium complex and 194 km downstream in the river. The radiochemical analysis of aquatic plants revealed strontium and isotopes of plutonium. Fontinalis antipyretica had very high concentration factors of the principal radionuclides: 14220, 3110 and 500 of 51Cr, 46Sc and 239Np, respectively.
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17.

Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Bolsunovsky A., Muratova E., Sukovaty A., Kornilova M.
Заглавие : The effect of radionuclide and heavy metal contamination of the Yenisei River on cytogenetics of aquatic plant Elodea canadensis
Место публикации : Radioprotection. - 2009. - Vol. 44, Is. 5. - С. 83-88. - ISSN 00338451 (ISSN) , DOI 10.1051/radiopro/20095021
Аннотация: The study was done to determine concentrations of radionuclides and heavy metals and to evaluate the frequency of chromosomal aberrations in samples of Elodea canadensis, a submerged plant, collected in different parts of the Yenisei River. Samples were collected in the area subjected to radioactive impact of theMining-and-Chemical Combine (MCC) at Zheleznogorsk and in the control areas, upstream of the MCC. The investigations showed that Elodea biomass in the area affected by MCC operation contained a long inventory of artificial radionuclides typical of the MCC discharges. Upstream of the MCC, in the control sampling areas, the sediments and the Elodea biomass contained only one artificial radionuclide - 137Cs. Thus, the exposure doses to Elodea shoots and roots upstream of the MCC are small (not more than 8 ?Gy/d) and the main contribution to them is made by natural radionuclides. At the MCC discharge site (the village of Atamanovo) and downstream of it, the total dose rate increases almost an order of magnitude, reaching its maximal values - 72 ?Gy/d for Elodea shoots and 58 ? Gy/d for roots. Cytogenetic investigations of Elodea roots showed that at the MCC discharge site (the village of Atamanovo) and downstream of it the occurrence of chromosomal aberrations in ana-telophase and metaphase cells of Elodea was considerably higher than in the control area. It is highly probable that this simultaneous dramatic increase in the total exposure rate and the occurrence of chromosomal aberrations in Elodea is associated with the radiation factor. It is suggested that Elodea is affected not only by the radiation factor but also by the chemical factor - toxicity of heavy metals. В© 2009 EDP Sciences.
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18.

Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Bolsunovsky A.
Заглавие : Artificial radionuclides in sediment of the Yenisei River
Место публикации : Chemistry and Ecology. - 2010. - Vol. 26, Is. 6. - С. 401-409. - ISSN 02757540 (ISSN) , DOI 10.1080/02757540.2010.504668
Ключевые слова (''Своб.индексиров.''): artificial radionuclides--river sediments--sequential extraction--yenisei river--cesium isotope--cobalt isotope--concentration (composition)--europium--extraction method--industrial waste--radionuclide--river pollution--sediment chemistry--krasnoyarsk [russian federation]--russian federation--yenisei river--zheleznogorsk
Аннотация: Releases from the nuclear facility Mining-and-Chemical Combine (MCC) located at Zheleznogorsk have contributed to the radionuclide contamination of the Yenisei River since operations commenced in 1958. The aim of this study was to assess the activity concentrations of artificial radionuclides and the strength of their binding in Yenisei River sediments. Investigation of Yenisei River sediment samples revealed the presence of artificial radionuclides typical of the MCC radioactive discharge: namely, isotopes of europium, caesium, 60Co and transuranium elements. The concentrations of artificial radionuclides in the sediment layers remain relatively high as far as 200 km downstream of the MCC. In sediment cores collected upstream of the MCC, ? -spectrometric measurements registered only one artificial radionuclide, 137Cs, with a maximal activity of 8 BqВ·kg -1. Sequential extraction performed on samples of the upper layers of the sediment core showed different degrees of potential environmental availability for artificial radionuclides: the highest was recorded for 241Am and 152Eu (up to 85% of initial activity), followed by 60Co (up to 32%), and finally, 137Cs (up to 15%). In a few samples, 241Am was present in the unextractable form, which may be accounted for by the presence of reactor fuel microparticles. В© 2010 Taylor & Francis.
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19.

Вид документа : Статья из сборника (выпуск продолж. издания)
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Bolsunovsky A., Dementyev D.
Заглавие : Sediments of the Yenisei River: Monitoring of radionuclide levels and estimation of sedimentation rates
Место публикации : IAHS-AISH Publication. - 2010. - Vol. 337: Symposium on Sediment Dynamics for a Changing Future (14 June 2010 through 18 June 2010, Warsaw) Conference code: 84220. - С. 143-148
Ключевые слова (''Своб.индексиров.''): artificial and natural radionuclides--dating methods--river sediments--sedimentation rates--yenisei river--dating methods--natural radionuclides--river sediments--sedimentation rates--yenisei river--anoxic sediments--cesium--europium--lead--nuclear energy--nuclear weapons--plutonium--radioisotopes--river pollution--sedimentation--sedimentology--strontium--uranium--rivers--cesium isotope--cobalt isotope--europium--fluvial deposit--plutonium isotope--radioactive pollution--radioactive waste--radionuclide--sampling--sediment core--sediment pollution--sedimentation rate--krasnoyarsk [russian federation]--russian federation--yenisei river
Аннотация: The Yenisei River, one of the largest rivers in the world, is contaminated with artificial radionuclides released by a Russian nuclear facility producing weapon-grade plutonium, which has been in operation for many years. Examination of Yenisei River sediment samples revealed the presence of artificial radionuclides typical of radioactive discharge from the Mining-and-Chemical- Combine (MCC) nuclear facility: isotopes of europium ( 152Eu, 154Eu, and 155Eu), caesium ( 137Cs and 134Cs), 60Co, 90Sr, and transuranium elements. Maximum radionuclide concentrations in sediments remained high as far as 240 km downstream of the MCC. In sediment cores collected upstream of the MCC, ?-spectrometric measurements registered only one artificial radionuclide, 137Cs, with a maximum activity of approx. 8 Bq kg -1 dry mass. Sediments of the Yenisei River also contain natural radionuclides. Sedimentation rates in several sections of the Yenisei River were determined using, different approaches: the 210Pb dating method and the ratios of artificial radionuclides - 137Cs/ 60Co and 152Eu/ 154Eu. With increasing distance downstream of the city of Krasnoyarsk, sedimentation rates increased from 0.88 cm year -1 to 1.30-1.51 cm year -1. Copyright В© 2010 IAHS Press.
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20.

Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Bondareva L., Vlasova I., Mogilnaya O., Bolsunovsky A., Kalmykov S.
Заглавие : Microdistribution of 241Am in structures of submerged macrophyte Elodea canadensis growing in the Yenisei River
Место публикации : Journal of Environmental Radioactivity. - 2010. - Vol. 101, Is. 1. - С. 16-21. - ISSN 0265931X (ISSN) , DOI 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2009.08.003
Ключевые слова (''Своб.индексиров.''): alpha-track analysis--americium--elodea canadensis--liquid-scintillation spectrometry--microdistribution--alpha-track analysis--elodea canadensis--microdistribution--scintillation spectrometry--track analysis--liquids--luminescence--radioisotopes--scintillation--spectrometry--spectroscopy--americium--americium 241--americium--americium--bioaccumulation--experimental study--leaf--macrophyte--mass spectrometry--morphology--radionuclide--spatial distribution--stem--submerged vegetation--tracking--aquatic flora--article--bioaccumulation--concentration (parameters)--elodea canadensis--environmental radioactivity--isotope analysis--isotope tracing--leaf lamina--leaf surface--macrophyte--nonhuman--plant cell--plant morphology--plant stem--radioisotope distribution--river--chemistry--hydrocharitaceae--metabolism--plant--plant leaf--radiation monitoring--river--water pollutant--eurasia--russian federation--yenisei river--elodea canadensis--americium--hydrocharitaceae--plant leaves--plant shoots--plant stems--radiation monitoring--rivers--water pollutants, radioactive
Аннотация: A submerged macrophyte of the Yenisei River, Elodea canadensis, was used to study the microdistribution of the artificial radionuclide 241Am among different components of the plant. The total amount of 241Am added to the experimental system was 1850 В± 31 Bq/L. The total amount of 241Am accumulated by the plants was 182 Bq per sample, or 758,333 В± 385 Bq/kg dry mass. It has been found that the major portion of 241Am accumulated by E. canadensis, up to 85%, was bound to solid components of the cells. It is observed that the microdistribution of 241Am within different components of the submerged plant E. canadensis was not uniform. 241Am distribution vary depending on the age of the leaf blades, the state of the cells and morphological features of the plant stem. В© 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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