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Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Ushakova S.A., Kovaleva N.P., Gribovskaya I.V., Dolgushev V.A., Tikhomirova N.A.
Заглавие : Effect of NaCl concentration on productivity and mineral composition of Salicornia europaea as a potential crop for utilization NaCl in LSS
Место публикации : Advances in Space Research. - 2005. - Vol. 36, Is. 7. - С. 1349-1353. - ISSN 02731177 (ISSN) , DOI 10.1016/j.asr.2004.09.017
Ключевые слова (''Своб.индексиров.''): life support system--nacl--salicornia europaea--space biology--calcium--concentration (process)--minerals--photosynthesis--plants (botany)--salinity measurement--sodium chloride--vegetation--life support systems--liquid wastes--nacl--salicornea europea--space biology--space research
Аннотация: The accumulation of solid and liquid wastes in manmade ecosystems presents a problem that has not been efficiently solved yet. Urine, containing NaCl, are part of these products. This is an obstacle to the creation of biological systems with a largely closed material cycling, because the amount of solid and liquid wastes in them must be reduced to a minimum. A possible solution to the problem is to select plant species capable of utilizing sufficiently high concentrations of NaCl, edible for humans, and featuring high productivity. Until recently, the life support systems have included the higher plants that were either sensitive to salinization (wheat, many of the legumes, carrot, potato, maize) or relatively salt-resistant (barley, sugar beet, spinach). Salicomia europaea, whose above-ground part is fully edible for humans, is one of the most promising candidates to be included in life support systems. It is reported in the literature that this plant is capable of accumulating up to 50% NaCl (dry basis). Besides, excessive accumulation of sodium ions should bring forth a decrease in the uptake of potassium ions and other biogenic elements. The aim of this work is to study the feasibility of using S. europaea plants in growth chambers to involve NaCl into material cycling. Plants were grown in vegetation chambers at the irradiance of 100 or 150 W/m2 PAR (photosynthetically active radiation) and the air temperature 24 В°C, by two methods. The first method was to grow the plants on substrate - peat. The peat was supplemented with either 3% NaCl (Variant 1) or 6% NaCl (Variant 2) of the oven-dry mass of the peat. The second method was to grow the plants in water culture, using the solution with a full complement of nutrients, which contained 0.0005% of NaCl, 1% or 2%. The study showed that the addition of NaCl to the substrate or to the solution resulted in the formation of more succulent plants, which considerably increased their biomass. The amount of NaCl uptake was the highest in the plants grown in water culture, 2.6 g per plant. As the sodium uptake increased, the consumption of potassium and the sum of the reduced N forms decreased twofold. The uptake of calcium and magnesium by plants decreased as the NaCl concentration increased; the smallest amounts were taken up by S. europaea grown in water culture. Salinity had practically no effect on the uptake of phosphorus and sulfur. Thus, S. europaea is a promising candidate to be included in life support systems; of special interest is further research on growing these plants in water culture. В© 2005 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Biel K.Y., Fomina I.R., Nazarova G.N., Soukhovolsky V.G., Khlebopros R.G., Nishio J.N.
Заглавие : Untangling metabolic and spatial interactions of stress tolerance in plants. 1. Patterns of carbon metabolism within leaves
Место публикации : Protoplasma. - 2010. - Vol. 245, Is. 1. - С. 49-73. - ISSN 0033183X (ISSN) , DOI 10.1007/s00709-010-0135-7
Ключевые слова (''Своб.индексиров.''): carbon metabolism--leaf anatomy--leaf form and function--maximal ecological utility--photosynthesis--stress tolerance spinacia oleracea--aspartate aminotransferase isoenzyme 1--bicarbonate--carbon--carbon dioxide--catalase--chlorophyll--malate dehydrogenase--oxygen--ribulosebisphosphate carboxylase--vegetable protein--article--enzymology--histology--light--metabolism--oxidation reduction reaction--photosynthesis--physiological stress--physiology--plant leaf--spinach--theoretical model--aspartate aminotransferase, cytoplasmic--bicarbonates--carbon--carbon dioxide--catalase--chlorophyll--light--malate dehydrogenase--models, theoretical--oxidation-reduction--oxygen--photosynthesis--plant leaves--plant proteins--ribulose-bisphosphate carboxylase--spinacia oleracea--stress, physiological--spinacia oleracea
Аннотация: The localization of the key photoreductive and oxidative processes and some stress-protective reactions within leaves of mesophytic C3 plants were investigated. The role of light in determining the profile of Rubisco, glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase, catalase, fumarase, and cytochrome-c-oxidase across spinach leaves was examined by exposing leaves to illumination on either the adaxial or abaxial leaf surfaces. Oxygen evolution in fresh paradermal leaf sections and CO2 gas exchange in whole leaves under adaxial or abaxial illumination was also examined. The results showed that the palisade mesophyll is responsible for the midday depression of photosynthesis in spinach leaves. The photosynthetic apparatus was more sensitive to the light environment than the respiratory apparatus. Additionally, examination of the paradermal leaf sections by optical microscopy allowed us to describe two new types of parenchyma in spinach-pirum mesophyll and pillow spongy mesophyll. A hypothesis that oxaloacetate may protect the upper leaf tissue from the destructive influence of active oxygen is presented. The application of mathematical modeling shows that the pattern of enzymatic distribution across leaves abides by the principle of maximal ecological utility. Light regulation of carbon metabolism across leaves is discussed. В© 2010 Springer-Verlag.
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