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Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Gitelson I.I., Terskov I.A., Kovrov B.G., Sidko F.Ya., Lisovsky G.M., Okladnikov Yu.N., Belyanin V.N., Trubachov I.N., Rerberg M.S.
Заглавие : Life support system with autonomous control employing plant photosynthesis
Место публикации : Acta Astronautica. - 1976. - Vol. 3, Is. 9-10. - С. 633-650. - ISSN 00945765 (ISSN)
Ключевые слова (''Своб.индексиров.''): biochemical engineering - photosynthesis--spacecraft--adaptation--article--chlorella--growth, development and aging--human--instrumentation--intestine--male--metabolism--microbiology--microclimate--photosynthesis--physiology--plant--space flight--task performance--vegetable--water supply--wheat--adaptation, physiological--chlorella--ecological systems, closed--environment, controlled--humans--intestines--life support systems--male--metabolism--photosynthesis--plants--space simulation--task performance and analysis--triticum--vegetables--water supply
Аннотация: This research was aimed at obtaining a closed control system. This was achieved by placing all the technological processes providing for human vital activities within the hermetically sealed space, and by transferring the entire control and guidance of these processes to people inhabiting the system. In contrast to existing biological life support systems, man has been included not only as a participant of metabolism, but as an operator who is the central figure in collecting information, making decisions and controlling all technological processes. To tackle this problem, the "BIOS-3" experimental complex was created for performing long-term experiments using different structures of biological life-support system. The experiment lasted six months and consisted of three stages. During the first stage the system was comprised of two equivalent phytotrons with the culture of wheat and an assortment of vegetable plants, and the living compartment. At the second stage, one of the phytotrons was removed while a compartment of chlorella cultivators was introduced. The third stage differed from the second, the former using wheat phytotron and the latter employing phytotron with an assortment of vegetable cultures. Three men inhabited the system simultaneously. The experiment demonstrated that a biological life support system controlled autonomously from the inside is feasible within a small confined space. However, immunological and microbiological research shows, that the medium created by the system is not fully adequate for man. In conclusion, some prospects have been outlined for further studies of biological life support systems. В© 1976.
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Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : ZOLOTUKHIN I.G., LISOVSKY G.M., TRUBACHEV I.N., VOLKOVA E.K.
Заглавие : BIOCHEMICAL-COMPOSITION OF WHEAT-GRAIN GROWN UNDER DIFFERENT IRRADIATIONS IN CERTAIN REGIONS OF PAR
Колич.характеристики :7 с
Место публикации : FIZIOLOGIYA I BIOKHIMIYA KULTURNYKH RASTENII: INST PLANT PHYSIOL GENETICS, 1980. - Vol. 12, Is. 5. - P451-457. - ISSN 0256-1425
Примечания : Cited References: 17
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Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : POLONSKII V.I.
Заглавие : ANALYSIS OF PRODUCTIVE ACTIVITY OF WHEAT AT HIGH PAR INTENSITIES
Колич.характеристики :6 с
Место публикации : SOVIET PLANT PHYSIOLOGY: PLENUM PUBL CORP, 1980. - Vol. 27, Is. 4. - P515-520. - ISSN 0038-5719
Примечания : Cited References: 20
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Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : NESTERENKO T.V., SIDKO F.Y.
Заглавие : INDUCTION OF FLUORESCENCE IN WHEAT LEAVES DURING THEIR ONTOGENESIS
Колич.характеристики :5 с
Место публикации : SOVIET PLANT PHYSIOLOGY: PLENUM PUBL CORP, 1980. - Vol. 27, Is. 2. - P262-266. - ISSN 0038-5719
Примечания : Cited References: 14
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Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : POLONSKII V.I., LISOVSKII G.M.
Заглавие : NET PRODUCTION OF WHEAT CROP UNDER HIGH PHAR IRRADIANCE WITH ARTIFICIAL-LIGHT
Колич.характеристики :5 с
Место публикации : Photosynthetica: INST EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY, ACAD SCI CZECH REPUBLIC, 1980. - Vol. 14, Is. 2. - P177-181. - ISSN 0300-3604
Примечания : Cited References: 11
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Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : KOVROV B.G., TIRRANEN L.S., TITOVA G.T.
Заглавие : METABOLIC INTERACTION IN MICROBIAL CENOSES FORMED DURING CULTIVATION OF WHEAT IN A PHYTOTRON
Колич.характеристики :4 с
Место публикации : Microbiology: MAIK NAUKA/INTERPERIODICA, 1981. - Vol. 50, Is. 4. - P524-527. - ISSN 0026-2617
Примечания : Cited References: 13
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Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : CHUCHALIN A.I., SIDKO F.Y., POLONSKY V.I.
Заглавие : STUDIES IN THE CO2 GAS-EXCHANGE OF WHEAT CENOSIS UNDER A CHANGE IN THE IRRADIATION LEVEL
Колич.характеристики :5 с
Место публикации : FIZIOLOGIYA I BIOKHIMIYA KULTURNYKH RASTENII: INST PLANT PHYSIOL GENETICS, 1981. - Vol. 13, Is. 3. - P239-243. - ISSN 0256-1425
Примечания : Cited References: 12
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Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : TIKHOMIROV A.A., SIDKO F.Y.
Заглавие : PHOTOSYNTHESIS AND STRUCTURE OF RADISH AND WHEAT CANOPIES AS AFFECTED BY RADIATION OF DIFFERENT ENERGY AND SPECTRAL COMPOSITION
Колич.характеристики :5 с
Место публикации : Photosynthetica: INST EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY, ACAD SCI CZECH REPUBLIC, 1982. - Vol. 16, Is. 2. - P191-195. - ISSN 0300-3604
Примечания : Cited References: 11
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Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : NESTERENKO T.V., SIDKO F.Y.
Заглавие : AGE-CHANGES OF SLOW FLUORESCENCE INDUCTION IN WHEAT LEAF CHLOROPHYLL
Колич.характеристики :7 с
Место публикации : SOVIET PLANT PHYSIOLOGY: PLENUM PUBL CORP, 1985. - Vol. 32, Is. 3. - P344-350. - ISSN 0038-5719
Примечания : Cited References: 27
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10.

Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : KOCHETOVA G.I., MANUKOVSKII N.S., PANKOVA I.M., TRUBACHEV I.N., KALACHEVA G.S., GRIBOVSKAYA I.V.
Заглавие : THE BIOCHEMICAL-COMPOSITION OF PLEUROTUS-FLORIDA/3 AND PANUS-TIGRINUS GROWN ON WHEAT STRAW CULTURES AND REUSE OF PARTLY OXIDIZED SUBSTRATES
Колич.характеристики :4 с
Место публикации : Mikol. Fitopatol.: MEZHDUNARODNAYA KNIGA, 1988. - Vol. 22, Is. 1. - P51-54. - ISSN 0026-3648
Примечания : Cited References: 12
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11.

Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Gitelson I.I., Terskov I.A., Kovrov B.G., Lisovskii G.M., Okladnikov Yu.N., Sid'ko F.Ya., Trubachev I.N., Shilenko M.P., Alekseev S.S., Pan'kova I.M., Tirranen L.S.
Заглавие : Long-term experiments on man's stay in biological life-support system
Место публикации : Advances in Space Research. - 1989. - Vol. 9, Is. 8. - С. 65-71. - ISSN 02731177 (ISSN)
Ключевые слова (''Своб.индексиров.''): agricultural products--ecosystems--food products--personnel - health--space flight - manned flight--bios-3 complex--phytotrons--spacecraft--water--air conditioning--article--biomass--crop--evaluation--growth, development and aging--human--instrumentation--light--metabolism--methodology--microclimate--photosynthesis--plant--waste management--wheat--air conditioning--biomass--crops, agricultural--ecological systems, closed--evaluation studies--humans--life support systems--light--photosynthesis--plants--triticum--waste management--water
Аннотация: We describe the experimental system having maximal possible closure of material recycling in an ecosystem, including people and plants, which was carried out in a hermetically sealed experimental complex "BIOS-3", 315 m2 in volume. The system included 2 experimentators and 3 phytotrons with plants (total sowing area of 63 m2). Plants were grown with round-the-clock lamp irradiation with 130 Wm-2 PAR intensity. The plants production was food for people. Water exchange of ecosystem, as well as gas exchange, was fully closed excluding liquids and gas samples taken for chemical analysis outside the system. The total closure of material turnover constituted 91%. Health state of the crew was estimated before, during and after the experiment. A 5-months period did not affect their health. The experiments carried out prove that the closed ecosystem of "man-plants" is a prototype of a life-support system for long-term space expeditions. В© 1989.
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12.

Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Gitelson J.I., V B., Grigoriev A.I., Lisovsky G.M., Manukovsky N.S., Sinyak Y.u.E., Ushakova S.A.
Заглавие : Biological-physical-chemical aspects of a human life support system for a lunar base
Место публикации : Acta Astronautica. - 1995. - Vol. 37, Is. C. - С. 385-394. - ISSN 00945765 (ISSN)
Ключевые слова (''Своб.индексиров.''): animal--aquaculture--article--biomass--construction work and architectural phenomena--cyprinodontiformes--filtration--growth, development and aging--human--microbiology--microclimate--moon--nutritional value--photoperiodicity--plant--space flight--standard--tilapia--waste management--water management--wheat--animals--aquaculture--biomass--cyprinodontiformes--ecological systems, closed--facility design and construction--filtration--humans--life support systems--moon--nutritive value--photoperiod--plants, edible--space flight--tilapia--triticum--waste management--water microbiology--water purification
Аннотация: To create a life support system based on biological and physical-chemical processes is the optimum solution providing full-valued condidtions for existence and efficient work of people at a lunar base. Long-standing experinece in experimental research or closed ecosystems and their components allows us to suggest a realistic functional structure of the lunar base and to estimate qualitatively its parameters. The original restrictions are as follows: 1) the basic source of energy to support the biological processes has to be the solar radiation; 2) the initial amount of basic biological elelments forming the turnover of substances (C, O, H, P, K, N) has to be delivered from Earth; 3). Moon materials are not to be used in the biological turnover inside the base; 4) the base is to supply the crew fully with atmosphere and water, and with 90% (A scenario) or 40% (B scenario) of food. Experimental data about the plant productivity under the "Moon" rhythm of light and darkness allow us to suggest that the A scenario requires per one human: plant area - 40 m2 irradiated during the lunar day by 250-300 W/m2 PAR producing 1250 g of dry biomass a terrestrial day; a heterotrophic component of "biological incineration" of inedible plant biomass (800 g/day) including the aquaculture of fish to produce animal products and contaminating the environment less than birds and mammals, and the culture of edible mushrooms; a component of physical-chemical correction for the LSS envi ronment including the subsystems of: deep oxidation of organic impurities in the atmosphere and of water, organic wastes of human activity and that biological components (420 g/day) Co2 concentration in "Moon" nights, damping O2 in "Moon" days, etc. The stock of presotred or delivered from Earth substances (food additions, seeds, etc.) to be involved in biological turnover is to be about 50 kg/year per man. Increase of the mass of prestored substances per man up to 220 kg/year would reduce twice the plant area and consumed amount of radiant energy to exclude the components of "biological incineration" and physical-chemical destruction of organic wastes. В© 1995.
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13.

Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : MATVEEV S.V., ILLARIONOV B.A., VYSOTSKI E.S., BONDAR V.S., MARKOVA S.V., ALAKHOV Y.B.
Заглавие : OBELIN MESSENGER-RNA - A NEW TOOL FOR STUDIES OF TRANSLATION IN CELL-FREE SYSTEMS
Колич.характеристики :6 с
Место публикации : Anal. Biochem.: ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS, 1995. - Vol. 231, Is. 1. - С. 34-39. - ISSN 0003-2697, DOI 10.1006/abio.1995.1499
Примечания : Cited References: 17
Предметные рубрики: MESSENGER-RNA
AEQUORIN
PROTEIN
CLONING
CDNA
Аннотация: Obelin mRNA obtained in vitro with the aid of SP6 RNA polymerase was translated in a wheat germ cell-free system, Only the polypeptide with a molecular mass of about 20 kDa was synthesized. The activation of apoobelin with a synthetic coelenterazine revealed a luminescence activity initiated by calcium. The specific activity was 3.6 +/- 0.4 x 10(15) photons per mg of the in vitro synthesized obelin (k = 6.9 s(-1)). The luminescence of the obelin was in a good correlation with the protein concentration calculated by the incorporation of [C-14]Leu. The determination of the amount of de novo synthesized obelin based on measurement of its luminescence is one-thousand times more sensitive than the approach based on the incorporation of labeled amino acid. Thus, obelin mRNA has some advantages for evaluating the efficiency of cell-free translation when compared with standard methods. (C) 1995 Academic Press, Inc.
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14.

Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Tikhomirov A.A.
Заглавие : Spectral composition of light and plant productivity
Место публикации : Advances in Space Research. - 1996. - Vol. 18, Is. 4-5. - С. 259-263. - ISSN 02731177 (ISSN)
Ключевые слова (''Своб.индексиров.''): article--biology--cucumber--growth, development and aging--illumination--light--maize--photon--photosynthesis--plant--radiation exposure--spectroscopy--sunflower--tomato--wheat--cucumis sativus--helianthus--light--lighting--lycopersicon esculentum--photobiology--photons--photosynthesis--plants--spectrum analysis--triticum--zea mays
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15.

Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Gitelson J.I., Tirranen L.S., Borodina E.V., Rygalov V.Ye.
Заглавие : Impaired growth of plants cultivated in a closed system: Possible reasons
Место публикации : Advances in Space Research. - 1997. - Vol. 20, Is. 10. - С. 1927-1930. - ISSN 02731177 (ISSN)
Ключевые слова (''Своб.индексиров.''): air conditioning--air pollutant--article--culture medium--growth, development and aging--human--hydroponics--methodology--microbiology--microclimate--plant--sewage--wheat--air conditioning--air pollutants--culture media--ecological systems, closed--environment, controlled--humans--hydroponics--life support systems--plants--triticum--waste disposal, fluid--water microbiology
Аннотация: Plants in experiments on "man-higher plants" closed ecosystem (CES) have been demonstrated to have inhibited growth and reduced productivity due to three basic factors: prolonged usage of a permanent nutrient solution introduction into the nutrient medium of intra-system gray water, and closure of the system. Gray water was detrimental to plants the longer the nutrient solution was used. However, higher plant growth was mostly affected by the gaseous composition of the CES atmosphere, through accumulation of volatile substances. В© 1997 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd.
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16.

Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Lisovsky G.M., Gitelson J.I., Shilenko M.P., Gribovskaya I.V., Trubachev I.N.
Заглавие : Direct utilization of human liquid wastes by plants in a closed ecosystem
Место публикации : Advances in Space Research. - 1997. - Vol. 20, Is. 10. - С. 1801-1804. - ISSN 02731177 (ISSN)
Ключевые слова (''Своб.индексиров.''): fertilizer--nitrogen--sodium chloride--urea--article--biomass--culture medium--feasibility study--human--metabolism--methodology--microclimate--sewage--urine--waste management--wheat--biomass--culture media--ecological systems, closed--feasibility studies--fertilizers--humans--nitrogen--sodium chloride--triticum--urea--urine--waste disposal, fluid--waste management
Аннотация: Model experiments in phytotrons have shown that urea is able to cover 70% of the demand in nitrogen of the conveyer cultivated wheat. At the same time wheat plants can directly utilize human liquid wastes. In this article by human liquid wastes the authors mean human urine only. In a long-term experiment on "man-higher plants" system with two crewmen, plants covered 63 m2, with wheat planted to - 39.6 m2. For 103 days, complete human urine (total amount - 210.7 1) wassupplied into the nutrient solution for wheat. In a month and a half NaCl supply into the nutrient solution stabilized at 0.9-1.65 g/l. This salination had no marked effect on wheat production. The experiment revealed the realistic feasibility to directly involve liquid wastes into the biological turnover of the life support system. The closure of the system, in terms of water, increased by 15.7% and the supply of nutrients for wheat plants into the system was decreased. Closedness of biological turnover of matter in a man-made "man - higher plants" ecological system might involve, among other processes, direct utilization of human liquid wastes by plants. The amount of urine comprises 15-20% of the total amount of water cycling within the system including water as part of food, household, hygiene and potable water necessary for man. What is more, it they contains most nitrogen-bearing compounds emitted by man, almost all of the NaCl and some other substances involved in the biological turnover. Human liquid wastes can be utilized either by preliminary physical-chemical treatment (evaporating or freezing out the water, finally oxidizing the organic matter, isolating the mineral components required for plants, etc.) and further involvement of the obtained products or by direct application into the nutrient solution for plants. The challenge of direct utilization is that plants have no need of Na+ and Cl-, and also the organic forms of nitrogen emitted by man cannot fully meet the demand of plants forthis element. Besides, hygienic and/or psychological reasons make it desirable to avoid direct use of liquid wastes in the nutrient solutions that would have direct contact with edible part of plants (tubers, roots, bulbs). Feasibility of direct utilization of liquid wastes by plants in a closed "man - higher plants" ecosystem has been experimentally studied on wheat - grain culture as a model plant with the edible part in the form of seeds spatially dissociated with the nutrient medium. The wheat covered 60-65% of the area under higher plants. The studies have been carried out in "Bios-3"experimental facility described in detail elsewhere (Lisovsky, 1979; Gitelson et al., 1989). В© 1997 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd.
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17.

Вид документа : Статья из сборника (однотомник)
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Manukovsky N.S., Kovalev V.S., Rygalov V.Y., Zolotukhin I.G.
Заглавие : Waste bioregeneration in life support CES: Development of soil organic substrate
Колич.характеристики :6 с
Место публикации : LIFE SCIENCES: LIFE SUPPORT SYSTEMS STUDIES-I. Ser. ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH: PERGAMON PRESS LTD, 1997. - Vol. 20: F4.6, F4.8, F4.2 and F4.9 Symposia of COSPAR Scientific Commission F on Life Sciences - Life Support System Studies-I, at the 31st COSPAR Scientific Assembly (JUL 14-SEP 21, 1996, BIRMINGHAM, ENGLAND), Is. 10. - P1827-1832. - ISBN 0273-1177, DOI 10.1016/S0273-1177(97)00848-X. - ISBN 0-08-043307-3
Примечания : Cited References: 13
Аннотация: An experimental model of matter turnover in the biotic cycle: plants (plant biomass) -- mushrooms (residual substrate + mushroom fruit bodies) -- worms (biohumus) -- microorganisms (soil-like substrate) -- plants is presented. The initial mass of soillike substrate was produced from wheat plants grown in a hydroponic system, Three cycles of matter turnover in the biotic cycle were carried out. Grain productivity on soillike substrate was 21.87 g/m(2) day(1). The results obtained were used for designing a CES containing man, plants, soillike substrate, bioregeneration module and aquaculture. It was shown, that the circulating dry mass of the CES is 756 kg. The main part (88%) of the circulating mass accumulates in the soillike substrate and bioregeneration module. (C) 1997 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd.
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18.

Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Pechurkin N.S., Somova L.A., Polonskii V.I., Pis'man T.I., Sarangova A.B., Polonskaya D.E., Sadovskaya G.M.
Заглавие : Influence of rhizosphere bacteria of the genus Pseudomonas on the growth of wheat seedlings under conditions of complete mineral supply and nitrogen deficiency
Место публикации : Microbiology. - 1997. - Vol. 66, Is. 4. - С. 461-465. - ISSN 00262617 (ISSN)
Ключевые слова (''Своб.индексиров.''): biomass--growth--nitrogen--pseudomonas--transpiration--wheat
Аннотация: The influence of two rhizosphere bacteria-Pseudomonas fluorescens and Pseudomonas putida -on the growth of wheat seedlings was studied under conditions of complete mineral supply and nitrogen deficiency in the medium. On complete mineral medium, the plants that developed from the seeds inoculated with the pseudomonads had some advantages for growth over those developed from the non-inoculated seeds. Inoculated plants showed an increased transpiration and a higher content of organic nitrogen in their biomass. Under conditions of nitrogen deficiency in the medium, no differences were found between inoculated and noninoculated plants. No competition for the nitrogen sources was revealed between the bacteria and plants; the development of the rhizosphere bacteria was limited by the rate of organic compound excretion by plant roots. The stimulatory effect produced on plant growth by the rhizosphere bacteria was shown to vary depending on the environmental factors. В© 1997 MAHK Hayka/Interperiodica Publishing.
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19.

Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Pechurkin N.S., Somova L.A., Polonskii V.I., Pisman T.I., Sarangova A.B., Polonskaya D.E., Sadovskaya G.M.
Заглавие : Influence of rhizosphere bacteria of the genus Pseudomonas on the growth of wheat seedlings under conditions of complete mineral supply and nitrogen deficiency
Колич.характеристики :5 с
Место публикации : Microbiology: MAIK NAUKA/INTERPERIODICA, 1997. - Vol. 66, Is. 4. - С. 461-465. - ISSN 0026-2617
Примечания : Cited References: 9
Ключевые слова (''Своб.индексиров.''): pseudomonas--wheat--nitrogen--growth--biomass--transpiration
Аннотация: The influence of two rhizosphere bacteria-Pseudomonas fluorescens and Pseudomonas putida-on the growth of wheat seedlings was studied under conditions of complete mineral supply and nitrogen deficiency in the medium. On complete mineral medium, the plants that developed from the seeds inoculated with the pseudomonads had some advantages for growth over those developed from the non-inoculated seeds. Inoculated plants showed an increased transpiration and a higher content of organic nitrogen in their biomass. Under conditions of nitrogen deficiency in the medium, no differences were found between inoculated and noninoculated plants. No competition for the nitrogen sources was revealed between the bacteria and plants; the development of the rhizosphere bacteria was limited by the rate of organic compound excretion by plant roots. The stimulatory effect produced on plant growth by the rhizosphere bacteria was shown to vary depending on the environmental factors.
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20.

Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Pechurkin N.S., Somova L.A., Polonskii V.I., Pis'man T.I., Sarangova A.B., Polonskaya D.E., Sadovskaya G.M.
Заглавие : Influence of rhizosphere bacteria of the genus pseudomonas on the growth of wheat seedlings under conditions of complete mineral supply and nitrogen deficiency
Место публикации : Mikrobiologiya. - 1997. - Vol. 66, Is. 4. - С. 553-557. - ISSN 00263656 (ISSN)
Ключевые слова (''Своб.индексиров.''): biomass--growth--nitrogen--pseudomonas--transpiration--wheat
Аннотация: The influence of two rhizosphere bacteria-Pseudomonas fluorescens and Pseudomonas putidaon the growth of wheat seedlings was studied under conditions of complete mineral supply and nitrogen deficiency in the medium. On complete mineral medium, the plants that developed from the seeds inoculated with the pseudomonads had some advantages for growth over those developed from the non-inoculated seeds. Inoculated plants showed an increased transpiration and a higher content of organic nitrogen in their biomass. Under conditions of nitrogen deficiency in the medium, no differences were found between inoculated and noninoculated plants. No competition for the nitrogen sources was revealed between the bacteria and plants; the development of the rhizosphere bacteria was limited by the rate of organic compound excretion by plant roots. The stimulatory effect produced on plant growth by the rhizosphere bacteria was shown to vary depending on the environmental factors.
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