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Experimental investigations of 241Am accumulation by macrophytes of the Yenisei River / A. Ya. Bolsunovskij, T. A. Zotina // Radiatsionnaya Biologiya. Radioekologiya. - 2002. - Vol. 42, Is. 2. - С. 200-203 . - ISSN 0869-8031
Кл.слова (ненормированные):
Americium -- Aquaculture -- Biomass -- Ecosystems -- Radioisotopes -- Americium 241 -- Macrophytes -- Radioecological concentration -- The Yenisei river -- River pollution -- americium -- absorption -- article -- biomass -- chemistry -- comparative study -- gamma spectrometry -- metabolism -- plant -- Russian Federation -- time -- water pollutant -- Absorption -- Americium -- Biomass -- Plants -- Siberia -- Spectrometry, Gamma -- Time Factors -- Water Pollutants, Radioactive
Аннотация: Experiments were carried out in which 241Am was added to water samples containing macrophytes of the Yenisei River, and the radionuclide absorption rates and concentration factors were determined for the plants. It has been shown that the water moss (Fontinalis antipyretica) has a higher capacity to accumulate 241Am than the Canadian pondweed (Elodea canadensis) does. The laboratory experiments revealed that the capacity of dead biomass of the Canadian pondweed to accumulate 241Am is twice higher than that of living biomass. In contrast, no significant increase in 241Am accumulation by dead biomass of the water moss has been recorded. The transuranic element 241Am was firmly fixed by the plant biomass and was not released into water in the course of long-duration experiments.

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Держатели документа:
Inst. of Biophysics, Siberian Branch, RAS, Krasnoyarsk, 660036, Russian Federation : 660036, Красноярск, Академгородок, д. 50, стр. 50

Доп.точки доступа:
Bolsunovskij, A.Ya.; Zotina, T.A.

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An estimate of the rate of 241Am release from the biomass of aquatic plants of the Enisei river / A. Y. Bolsunovskij, T. A. Zotina, L. G. Bondareva // Doklady Akademii Nauk. - 2003. - Vol. 392, Is. 4. - С. 560-563 . - ISSN 0869-5652
Кл.слова (ненормированные):
Americium -- Aquaculture -- Biomass -- Contamination -- Ecology -- Radioisotopes -- River pollution -- Am release rate -- Americium 241 -- Elodea canadensis -- Enisei river -- Fontinalis antipyretica -- Radioecology -- Biological radiation effects
Аннотация: In the lab experiments (2000-2003) the biomass of Elodea canadelis (water thyme) and Fontinalis antipyretica (water moss) plants was used. The plants were exposed in filtered Enisei water with radionuclide additive in the form of 241Am(NO3)3 solution. The activity (A) was measured with gamma-spectrometer ("Canberra", USA) with ultra-pure germanium detector. The main A release in aqueous medium is observed after long stabilization stage caused by the plant necrosis. Elodea plants in 127 days lost up to 65% of initial A, and moss biomass - 35% in 373 days.

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Держатели документа:
Inst. Biofiziki SO RAN, Krasnoyarsk, Russian Federation : 660036, Красноярск, Академгородок, д. 50, стр. 50

Доп.точки доступа:
Bolsunovskij, A.Y.; Zotina, T.A.; Bondareva, L.G.

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Production of EPA and DHA in aquatic ecosystems and their transfer to the land / M. I. Gladyshev, N. N. Sushchik, O. N. Makhutova // Prostaglandins and Other Lipid Mediators. - 2013, DOI 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2013.03.002 . - ISSN 1098-8823
Кл.слова (ненормированные):
Aquatic ecosystems -- Docosahexaenoic acid -- Eicosapentaenoic acid -- Trophic transfer efficiency
Аннотация: Most omnivorous animals, including humans, have to some degree relied on physiologically important polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) from food. Only some taxa of microalgae, rather than higher plants can synthesize de novo high amounts of EPA and DHA. Once synthesized by microalgae, PUFA are transferred through trophic chain to organisms of higher levels. Thus, aquatic ecosystems play the unique role in the Biosphere as the principal source of EPA and DHA for most omnivorous animals, including inhabitants of terrestrial ecosystems. PUFA are transferred from aquatic to terrestrial ecosystems through riparian predators, drift of carrion and seaweeds, emergence of amphibiotic insects, and water birds. The essential PUFA are transferred through trophic chains with about twice higher efficiency than bulk carbon. Thereby, PUFA are accumulated, rather than diluted in biomass of organisms of higher trophic levels, e.g., in fish. Mankind is faced with a severe deficiency of EPA and DHA in diet. Although additional sources of PUFA supply for humans, such as aquaculture, biotechnology of microorganisms and transgenic terrestrial oil-seed producing plants are developed, natural fish production of aquatic ecosystems will remain one of the main sources of EPA and DHA for humans. Aquatic ecosystems have to be protected from anthropogenic impacts, such as eutrophication, pollution and warming, which reduce PUFA production. В© 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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Держатели документа:
Institute of Biophysics of Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Akademgorodok, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia
Siberian Federal University, Svobodny av. 79, Krasnoyarsk 660041, Russia : 660036, Красноярск, Академгородок, д. 50, стр. 50

Доп.точки доступа:
Gladyshev, M.I.; Sushchik, N.N.; Makhutova, O.N.

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Distribution and migration of metals in trophic chains of the Yenisei ecosystem near Krasnoyarsk City / O. V. Anishchenko [et al.] // Water Resources. - 2009. - Vol. 36, Is. 5. - P594-603, DOI 10.1134/S0097807809050121 . - ISSN 0097-8078
Кл.слова (ненормированные):
Aquatic organisms -- Atomic absorption -- Bulk concentration -- Cd concentrations -- Cr concentration -- Ecosystem components -- Emission spectral analysis -- Flame photometry -- Fly larvae -- International standards -- Periphytons -- Primary producers -- Waterbodies -- Aquaculture -- Cadmium -- Chromium -- Ecology -- Photometry -- Spectroscopy -- Spectrum analysis -- Spectrum analyzers -- Water absorption -- Water analysis -- Concentration (process) -- aluminum -- aquatic ecosystem -- aquatic organism -- cadmium -- chromium -- concentration (composition) -- copper -- pollutant transport -- river pollution -- trophic environment -- Krasnoyarsk [Russian Federation] -- Russian Federation -- Yenisei River -- Bryophyta -- Decapoda (Crustacea) -- Thymallus arcticus
Аннотация: Methods of atomic absorption, flame photometry, and emission spectral analysis were used to study the concentrations of metals in water and major ecosystem components of the Yenisei River upstream of Krasnoyarsk City (conventionally background area). The mean bulk concentrations of Al and Cu in water exceeded the MAC for water bodies used for fishery. Cu concentration in freshwater shrimp was found to be reliably higher than that in the link of primary producers (periphyton), and Cd concentration in caddis fly larvae was found to exceed that in water moss. The maximal concentrations of metals among the examined aquatic organisms were recorded in periphyton. Cr concentration in the muscles of Arctic grayling was found to exceed some international standards. В© 2009 Pleiades Publishing, Ltd.

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Держатели документа:
Institute of Geophysics, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Akademgorodok 50, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russian Federation
Siberian Federal University, prosp. Svobodnyi 79, Krasnoyarsk 660046, Russian Federation : 660036, Красноярск, Академгородок, д. 50, стр. 50

Доп.точки доступа:
Anishchenko, O.V.; Gladyshev, M.I.; Kravchuk, E.S.; Sushchik, N.N.; Gribovskaya, I.V.

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Biological-physical-chemical aspects of a human life support system for a lunar base / J. I. Gitelson [et al.] // Acta Astronautica. - 1995. - Vol. 37, Is. C. - P385-394 . - ISSN 0094-5765
Кл.слова (ненормированные):
animal -- aquaculture -- article -- biomass -- construction work and architectural phenomena -- Cyprinodontiformes -- filtration -- growth, development and aging -- human -- microbiology -- microclimate -- moon -- nutritional value -- photoperiodicity -- plant -- space flight -- standard -- Tilapia -- waste management -- water management -- wheat -- Animals -- Aquaculture -- Biomass -- Cyprinodontiformes -- Ecological Systems, Closed -- Facility Design and Construction -- Filtration -- Humans -- Life Support Systems -- Moon -- Nutritive Value -- Photoperiod -- Plants, Edible -- Space Flight -- Tilapia -- Triticum -- Waste Management -- Water Microbiology -- Water Purification
Аннотация: To create a life support system based on biological and physical-chemical processes is the optimum solution providing full-valued condidtions for existence and efficient work of people at a lunar base. Long-standing experinece in experimental research or closed ecosystems and their components allows us to suggest a realistic functional structure of the lunar base and to estimate qualitatively its parameters. The original restrictions are as follows: 1) the basic source of energy to support the biological processes has to be the solar radiation; 2) the initial amount of basic biological elelments forming the turnover of substances (C, O, H, P, K, N) has to be delivered from Earth; 3). Moon materials are not to be used in the biological turnover inside the base; 4) the base is to supply the crew fully with atmosphere and water, and with 90% (A scenario) or 40% (B scenario) of food. Experimental data about the plant productivity under the "Moon" rhythm of light and darkness allow us to suggest that the A scenario requires per one human: plant area - 40 m2 irradiated during the lunar day by 250-300 W/m2 PAR producing 1250 g of dry biomass a terrestrial day; a heterotrophic component of "biological incineration" of inedible plant biomass (800 g/day) including the aquaculture of fish to produce animal products and contaminating the environment less than birds and mammals, and the culture of edible mushrooms; a component of physical-chemical correction for the LSS envi ronment including the subsystems of: deep oxidation of organic impurities in the atmosphere and of water, organic wastes of human activity and that biological components (420 g/day) Co2 concentration in "Moon" nights, damping O2 in "Moon" days, etc. The stock of presotred or delivered from Earth substances (food additions, seeds, etc.) to be involved in biological turnover is to be about 50 kg/year per man. Increase of the mass of prestored substances per man up to 220 kg/year would reduce twice the plant area and consumed amount of radiant energy to exclude the components of "biological incineration" and physical-chemical destruction of organic wastes. В© 1995.

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Держатели документа:
Institute of Biophysics (Russian Academy of Sciences, Siberian Branch) Krasnoyarsk, Russian Federation
Ruhr-University of Bochum, C.E.B.A.S. Center of Excellence., Bochum, Germany
Institute of Medical-Biological Problems, Moscow, Russian Federation : 660036, Красноярск, Академгородок, д. 50, стр. 50

Доп.точки доступа:
Gitelson, J.I.; V, B.; Grigoriev, A.I.; Lisovsky, G.M.; Manukovsky, N.S.; Sinyak, Y.u.E.; Ushakova, S.A.

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Opportunities and constraints of closed man-made ecological systems on the moon / V. Blum [et al.] // Advances in Space Research. - 1994. - Vol. 14, Is. 6. - P271-280 . - ISSN 0273-1177
Аннотация: Most scenarios for a manned lunar base include a combination of physical-chemical and bioregenerative life support systems. Especially on the lunar surface, however, there is a series of special environmental factors which seriously affect the organisms suitable for food production and biological regeneration of the habitat atmosphere and water. So, e.g. the lunar day/night period creates difficult problems for higher plant culture. The paper presents the current scientific approaches to bioregenerative life support systems of a lunar base and discusses critically the possibilities of their realization. Moreover, a scientific strategy is developed with the biologist's point of view to implement in a stepwise manner bioregenerative life support modules into a lunar base covering the possibilities of the untilization of chemolytotrophic bacteria, microalgae and higher plants as well as those of animal breeding and protein production in intensive aquaculture systems. В© 1994.

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Держатели документа:
Institute of Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Krasnoyarsk, Russian Federation
German Aerospace Establishment, Cologne-Porz, Germany
Comparative Endocrinology Research Section, Ruhr-University, Bochum, Germany : 660036, Красноярск, Академгородок, д. 50, стр. 50

Доп.точки доступа:
Blum, V.; Gitelson, J.I.; Horneck, G.; Kreuzberg, K.

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The effect of cannibalism intensity on net primary production and dynamics of trophic links in aquatic ecosystems / I. M. Shirobokova, N. S. Pechurkin // Advances in Space Research. - 2003. - Vol. 31, Is. 7. - P1737-1741, DOI 10.1016/S0273-1177(03)00112-1 . - ISSN 0273-1177
Кл.слова (ненормированные):
Biomass -- Ecosystems -- Mathematical models -- Photosynthesis -- Cannibalism intensity -- Space research -- aquatic ecosystem -- cannibalism -- ecological modeling -- net primary production -- trophic structure -- Amphipoda -- animal -- aquaculture -- article -- biological model -- biomass -- cannibalism -- Daphnia -- ecosystem -- food chain -- microclimate -- phytoplankton -- zooplankton -- Amphipoda -- Animals -- Aquaculture -- Biomass -- Cannibalism -- Daphnia -- Ecological Systems, Closed -- Ecosystem -- Food Chain -- Models, Biological -- Phytoplankton -- Zooplankton
Аннотация: A mathematical model was used to investigate the effect of cannibalism intensity on the net primary production and the dynamics of trophic links in an aquatic ecosystem characterized by cannibalism at the upper trophic level. A mathematical model of an aquatic ecosystem has been constructed, with the following principal trophic links: limiting nutrient concentration, producers (phytoplankton), nonpredatory and predatory zooplankton. The model takes into account the age structure of the predator and includes two age groups (the young and adults). The adult predators are cannibals feeding on both nonpredatory zooplankton and their own young, which consume phytoplankton. It has been found that when cannibalism intensity increases above a certain level, the concentrations of both adults and the young of the predators decrease. At the same time, the concentrations of the nonpredatory zooplankton and of nutrients increase, while the biomass of producers decreases. When the cannibalism intensity is low, the net primary production of the system increases to a certain level correlated with the increase in cannibalism intensity and drops sharply when the level of consumption of young is high. There is an optimal intensity of cannibalism, at which the productivity in the photosynthesis link is maximal. В© 2003 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.

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Держатели документа:
Inst. of Biophys. of Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russian Federation : 660036, Красноярск, Академгородок, д. 50, стр. 50

Доп.точки доступа:
Shirobokova, I.M.; Pechurkin, N.S.

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Production of EPA and DHA in aquatic ecosystems and their transfer to the land [Text] / M. I. Gladyshev, N. N. Sushchik, O. N. Makhutova // Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat. - 2013. - Vol. 107. - P117-126, DOI 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2013.03.002. - Cited References: 129. - This work was supported by grants of Russian Foundation for Basic Research (RFBR) No. 11-04-00168 and No. 12-05-00298, and also by the project B-15 of Siberian Federal University, carried out according to Federal Tasks of Ministry of Education and Science of Russian Federation. We are grateful to two anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments to improve the manuscript. . - 10. - ISSN 1098-8823

РУБ Biochemistry & Molecular Biology + Cell Biology
Рубрики:
POLYUNSATURATED FATTY-ACIDS
   FRESH-WATER FISH
   EICOSAPENTAENOIC ACID
   DOCOSAHEXAENOIC ACID
   YENISEI RIVER
   BIOTECHNOLOGICAL PRODUCTION
   ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL
   CAENORHABDITIS-ELEGANS
   MICROBIAL COMMUNITY
   THYMALLUS-ARCTICUS
Кл.слова (ненормированные):
Eicosapentaenoic acid -- Docosahexaenoic acid -- Aquatic ecosystems -- Trophic transfer efficiency
Аннотация: Most omnivorous animals, including humans, have to some degree relied on physiologically important polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) from food. Only some taxa of microalgae, rather than higher plants can synthesize de novo high amounts of EPA and DHA. Once synthesized by microalgae, PUFA are transferred through trophic chain to organisms of higher levels. Thus, aquatic ecosystems play the unique role in the Biosphere as the principal source of EPA and DHA for most omnivorous animals, including inhabitants of terrestrial ecosystems. PUFA are transferred from aquatic to terrestrial ecosystems through riparian predators, drift of carrion and seaweeds, emergence of amphibiotic insects, and water birds. The essential PUFA are transferred through trophic chains with about twice higher efficiency than bulk carbon. Thereby, PUFA are accumulated, rather than diluted in biomass of organisms of higher trophic levels, e.g., in fish. Mankind is faced with a severe deficiency of EPA and DHA in diet. Although additional sources of PUFA supply for humans, such as aquaculture, biotechnology of microorganisms and transgenic terrestrial oil-seed producing plants are developed, natural fish production of aquatic ecosystems will remain one of the main sources of EPA and DHA for humans. Aquatic ecosystems have to be protected from anthropogenic impacts, such as eutrophication, pollution and warming, which reduce PUFA production. (C) 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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Держатели документа:
[Gladyshev, Michail I.
Sushchik, Nadezhda N.
Makhutova, Olesia N.] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Biophys, Siberian Branch, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia
[Gladyshev, Michail I.
Sushchik, Nadezhda N.] Siberian Fed Univ, Krasnoyarsk 660041, Russia
ИБФ СО РАН : 660036, Красноярск, Академгородок, д. 50, стр. 50

Доп.точки доступа:
Gladyshev, M.I.; Sushchik, N.N.; Makhutova, O.N.; Russian Foundation for Basic Research (RFBR) [11-04-00168, 12-05-00298]; project B-15 of Siberian Federal University

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Waste bioregeneration in life support CES: Development of soil organic substrate [Text] / N. S. Manukovsky [et al.] ; ed. RM Wheeler [et al.] // LIFE SCIENCES: LIFE SUPPORT SYSTEMS STUDIES-I. Ser. ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH : PERGAMON PRESS LTD, 1997. - Vol. 20: F4.6, F4.8, F4.2 and F4.9 Symposia of COSPAR Scientific Commission F on Life Sciences - Life Support System Studies-I, at the 31st COSPAR Scientific Assembly (JUL 14-SEP 21, 1996, BIRMINGHAM, ENGLAND), Is. 10. - P. 1827-1832, DOI 10.1016/S0273-1177(97)00848-X. - Cited References: 13 . - ISBN 0273-1177. - ISBN 0-08-043307-3

РУБ Engineering, Aerospace + Astronomy & Astrophysics + Geosciences, Multidisciplinary + Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences

Аннотация: An experimental model of matter turnover in the biotic cycle: plants (plant biomass) -- mushrooms (residual substrate + mushroom fruit bodies) -- worms (biohumus) -- microorganisms (soil-like substrate) -- plants is presented. The initial mass of soillike substrate was produced from wheat plants grown in a hydroponic system, Three cycles of matter turnover in the biotic cycle were carried out. Grain productivity on soillike substrate was 21.87 g/m(2) day(1). The results obtained were used for designing a CES containing man, plants, soillike substrate, bioregeneration module and aquaculture. It was shown, that the circulating dry mass of the CES is 756 kg. The main part (88%) of the circulating mass accumulates in the soillike substrate and bioregeneration module. (C) 1997 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd.

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Держатели документа:
Russian Acad Sci, Inst Biophys, Siberian Branch, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia
ИБФ СО РАН : 660036, Красноярск, Академгородок, д. 50, стр. 50

Доп.точки доступа:
Manukovsky, N.S.; Kovalev, V.S.; Rygalov, V.Y.; Zolotukhin, I.G.; Wheeler, RM \ed.\; Garland, JL \ed.\; Tibbitts, TW \ed.\; Nielsen, SS \ed.\

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10.

Triploidy does not decrease contents of eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids in filets of pink salmon Oncorhynchus gorbuscha / M. I. Gladyshev [et al.] // Food Chem. - 2017. - Vol. 216. - P66-69, DOI 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.08.021 . - ISSN 0308-8146
Кл.слова (ненормированные):
Essential fatty acids -- Filets -- Triploid fish -- Aquaculture -- Fish -- Polyunsaturated fatty acids -- Unsaturated fatty acids -- Docosahexaenoic acid -- Eicosapentaenoic acid -- Essential fatty acids -- Fa compositions -- Filets -- Muscle tissues -- Pink salmon -- White sea -- Fatty acids
Аннотация: Triploid fish has become an important item of commercial aquaculture, but data on its fatty acid (FA) composition are still controversial, especially regarding essential polyunsaturated fatty acids, eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5n-3, EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (22:6n-3, DHA). We studied FA composition and content of diploid and triploid pink salmon Oncorhynchus gorbuscha, reared in aquaculture in a bay of the White Sea (Russia). FA composition, measured as percentages of total FA of triploids and immature diploid females significantly differed from that of mature diploid fish. Specifically, mature diploids had higher percentage of EPA and DHA in their muscle tissue (filets) compared to that of triploids and immature diploid females. Nevertheless, the contents of EPA and DHA per mass of the filets in diploid and triploid specimens were similar. Thus, no special efforts are needed to improve EPA and DHA contents in filets of triploids. © 2016 Elsevier Ltd

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Держатели документа:
Institute of Biophysics of Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Akademgorodok, Krasnoyarsk, Russian Federation
Siberian Federal University, Svobodny av. 79, Krasnoyarsk, Russian Federation
A. N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution of Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect, 33, Moscow, Russian Federation

Доп.точки доступа:
Gladyshev, M. I.; Artamonova, V. S.; Makhrov, A. A.; Sushchik, N. N.; Kalachova, G. S.; Dgebuadze, Y. Y.

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11.

Comparative Analysis of Content of Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Food and Muscle Tissue of Fish from Aquaculture and Natural Habitats / M. I. Gladyshev [et al.] // Contemp. Probl. Ecol. - 2018. - Vol. 11, Is. 3. - P297-308, DOI 10.1134/S199542551803006X. - Cited References:86. - This study was supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research, project no. 16-14-10001. We are grateful to A.A. Makhrov and E.A. Borovikova for assisting in material collection and for useful comments to the initial text of the article. . - ISSN 1995-4255. - ISSN 1995-4263

РУБ Ecology
Рубрики:
LONG-CHAIN OMEGA-3-FATTY-ACIDS
TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS
BREAM
Кл.слова (ненормированные):
fatty acids -- aquaculture -- food chain -- bioaccumulation
Аннотация: Two fish species reared in aquaculture (pink salmon Oncorhynchus gorbuscha and whitefish Coregonus lavaretus) and ten fish species from natural habitats (whitefish C. lavaretus, tugun Coregonus tugun, broad whitefish Coregonus nasus, least cisco Coregonus sardinella, vendace Coregonus albula, boganid charr Salvelinus boganidae, charr Salvelinus alpinus complex, northern pike Esox lucius, sharp-snouted lenok Brachymystax lenok, and taimen Hucho taimen) have been studied. The content of two long-chain polyunsaturated omega-3 fatty acids (PUFAs), eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5n-3, EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (22:6n-3, DHA), in the muscle tissue of the fish and in their food (intestine contents) are compared. In the aquacultures of whitefish and pink salmon, the total content of EPA and DHA is significantly higher in feed than in the muscle tissue of the fish, which indicates losses of PUFA in the two-link food chain of the aquaculture during their transfer to the upper trophic level. EPA and DHA losses in aquaculture, which are confirmed by numerous literature data, mean an inefficient usage of the available sources of PUFAs and the aggravation of the global deficit of these biochemicals in the human diet. A study of natural fish populations reveals the accumulation of EPA and DHA in their biomass compared to food in many cases, although opposite phenomena are also observed. An assumption on the presence of an optimal, physiologically adequate species-specific level of PUFA in the fish muscle tissue has been made based on our data and literature data. If the level of PUFAs in the muscles is lower than optimal, their accumulation (bioaccumulation) from food and/or de novo synthesis are observed. When the optimal level is exceeded, the content of EPA and DHA in biomass approaches maximum species-specific values; however, part of these PUFAs entering from food is not digested or is catabolized. According to the obtained data, the species of the order Salmoniformes have an optimal level of 2 to 6 mg/g of wet weight. It has been found that in aquaculture approaching to maximum values of EPA + DHA content was accompanied by their losses (scattering) in the food chains, while in natural ecosystems the maximum values of PUFA content in the fish biomass are achieved by their accumulation from the lower trophic level. Boganid charr S. boganidae had the highest content of EPA + DHA in the muscle tissue among all known fish species (32.78 mg/g of wet weight).

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Держатели документа:
Russian Acad Sci, Siberian Branch, Krasnoyarsk Sci Ctr, Inst Biophys, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia.
Siberian Fed Univ, Krasnoyarsk 660041, Russia.

Доп.точки доступа:
Gladyshev, M. I.; Glushchenko, L. A.; Makhutova, O. N.; Rudchenko, A. E.; Shulepina, S. P.; Dubovskaya, O. P.; Zuev, I. V.; Kolmakov, V. I.; Sushchik, N. N.; Russian Foundation for Basic Research [16-14-10001]

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12.

Gonadal Development of Diploid and Triploid Pink Salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) from the White Sea / V. S. Artamonova [et al.] // Contemp. Probl. Ecol. - 2018. - Vol. 11, Is. 3. - P331-341, DOI 10.1134/S1995425518030034. - Cited References:64. - We are grateful to V. E. Gilepp, A. G. Laidinen, and A. D. Posin for their support in organizing the experiment and to E. D. Pavlov for help in conducting a histological analysis. This work was supported by the Russian Science Foundation, project no. 16-14-10001. . - ISSN 1995-4255. - ISSN 1995-4263

РУБ Ecology
Рубрики:
PACIFIC SALMON
MORPHOBIOLOGICAL CHARACTERS
OUTBREEDING DEPRESSION
Кл.слова (ненормированные):
delayed maturation -- intersexes -- sex -- triploid -- gonads -- thermal shock -- pink salmon -- Oncorhynchus gorbuscha
Аннотация: Only males (fully mature and failing to mature) and intersexes have been found among triploids of pink salmon. Possible mechanisms of genetic sex determination in pink salmon are discussed. The possibility of using triploids to regulate sizes of artificial pink salmon populations is also discussed. Triploids of pink salmon are deemed inefficient to use in aquaculture. Delayed maturation is observed in some diploid females reared in farming cages.

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Держатели документа:
Russian Acad Sci, Severtsov Inst Ecol & Evolut, Moscow 119071, Russia.
Russian Acad Sci, Siberian Branch, Krasnoyarsk Sci Ctr, Inst Biophys, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia.
Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Dept Biol, Moscow 119991, Russia.
Vygskiy Fish Hatchery, Sosnovetz 186530, Republic Of Kar, Russia.

Доп.точки доступа:
Artamonova, V. S.; Ponomareva, M. V.; Ignatenko, V. V.; Makhrov, A. A.; Russian Science Foundation [16-14-10001]

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13.

Establishing cycling processes in an experimental model of a closed ecosystem / A. Tikhomirov [et al.] // . - 2018, DOI 10.1016/j.actaastro.2018.08.023 . - ISSN 0094-5765
Кл.слова (ненормированные):
Cycling -- Experimental model of the closed ecosystem -- Oxidation of human and plant wastes -- Plant productivity -- Carbon dioxide -- Cultivation -- Ecosystems -- Life support systems (spacecraft) -- Closed ecological systems -- Cycling -- Expanded clay aggregates -- Experimental modeling -- Photosynthetic activity -- Plant productivity -- Plant wastes -- Terrestrial application -- Plant shutdowns
Аннотация: The purpose of this study was to investigate mass exchange processes in the experimental model of a closed ecological system intended for an estimated portion of a human in the long-duration (several-month) experiment. The diversity of the vegetable crop community in the system was increased, human wastes were involved in mass exchange processes, and human respiration was periodically connected to the system. The system has been designed to test different prospective technologies for future closed life support systems intended for prolonged autonomous operation in space and terrestrial applications. Three methods of plant cultivation in the conveyer mode have been used: hydroponics on expanded clay aggregate, growing plants on the soil-like substrate, and plant cultivation in aquaculture. The technology of more effective oxidation of organic wastes in a physicochemical processing reactor has been developed. A human exhaled the air into the system and consumed the air from the system. O2 concentration did not drop below 20.8% and did not rise above 22.6%. CO2 concentration varied between 800 ppm and 2500 ppm. Plants growing under this CO2 range at a preset light irradiance showed optimal photosynthetic activity. The closure coefficients for Ca, Mg, S, N, K and P were above 90%. However, compared with the inflow, only 55% Ca, about 80% Mg, and 75% Na and P were removed from the system. The technological processes developed in this study will need to be modified and improved before they can be used in a full-scale closed biotechnical life support system intended for prolonged operation. © 2018 IAA

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Держатели документа:
Institute of Biophysics SB RAS, Federal Research Center “Krasnoyarsk Science Center SB RAS”, 50/50, Akademgorodok, Krasnoyarsk, 660036, Russian Federation

Доп.точки доступа:
Tikhomirov, A.; Ushakova, S.; Tikhomirova, N.; Velichko, V.; Trifonov, S.; Anishchenko, O.

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14.

Intraspecies variability of fatty acid content and composition of a cosmopolitan benthic invertebrate, Gammarus lacustris / O. N. Makhutova [et al.] // Inland Waters. - 2018. - Vol. 8, Is. 3. - P356-367, DOI 10.1080/20442041.2018.1487157 . - ISSN 2044-2041
Кл.слова (ненормированные):
essential polyunsaturated fatty acids -- fish -- food quality -- salinity -- temperature
Аннотация: Aquatic invertebrates are valuable dietary sources of essential polyunsaturated fatty acids, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5n-3) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6n-3), for fish. Phylogeny, diet, and various ecological factors affect the fatty acid composition of aquatic invertebrates. We focused our study on the effect of ecological factors to a cosmopolitan species inhabiting lakes that differed in salinity, temperature, and presence/absence of predators (fish). To avoid the effect of phylogeny, which strongly influences the fatty acid composition of animals, we studied several populations of one cosmopolitan benthic species, Gammarus lacustris Sars. We found that differences in fatty acid percentages of G. lacustris were mainly affected by differences in their diets. Some populations preferred dinoflagellates, cryptophytes, green algae/cyanobacteria, and bacteria; other populations selected diatoms; and still other populations consumed zooplankton or allochthonous (terrestrial) organic matter. The salinity and presence/absence of fish affected the contents of EPA and DHA in G. lacustris. Populations from saline and fishless lakes had significantly higher contents of EPA and DHA. Thus, stocking of fishless lakes dominated by G. lacustris with fish could lead to a decrease in EPA and DHA contents in the gammarids. We propose that some saline and fishless lakes could be used as a source of gammarids for aquaculture fish feeding. © 2018, © 2018 International Society of Limnology (SIL).

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Держатели документа:
Institute of Biophysics of Federal Research Center “Krasnoyarsk Science Center” of Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Akademgorodok, Krasnoyarsk, Russian Federation
Siberian Federal University, Krasnoyarsk, Russian Federation
Tyumen Scientific Centre Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute of the problems of Northern development, Tyumen, Russian Federation

Доп.точки доступа:
Makhutova, O. N.; Shulepina, S. P.; Sharapova, T. A.; Kolmakova, A. A.; Glushchenko, L. A.; Kravchuk, E. S.; Gladyshev, M. I.

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15.

Green Tides: New Consequences of the Eutrophication of Natural Waters (Invited Review) / M. I. Gladyshev, Y. I. Gubelit // Contemp. Probl. Ecol. - 2019. - Vol. 12, Is. 2. - P109-125, DOI 10.1134/S1995425519020057. - Cited References:134. - This study was supported by a state task as part of fundamental research program of the Russian Federation no. VI. 51.1.9, no. 6.1504.2017/PCh, and no. AAAA-A19-119020690091-0. . - ISSN 1995-4255. - ISSN 1995-4263

РУБ Ecology
Рубрики:
CLADOPHORA-GLOMERATA CHLOROPHYTA
BENTHIC ALGAL COMMUNITY
MACROALGAL
Кл.слова (ненормированные):
nuisance algal blooms -- Ulva -- Cladophora -- Spirogyra -- metaphyton -- benthification
Аннотация: In recent decades, alongside the comparatively well-studied bloom caused by phytoplankton, a bloom of marine and fresh waters caused by littoral benthic macroalgae of three generaUlva, Cladophora, and Spirogyrahave become a global phenomenon. In the present review, an attempt is made to gain an understanding of why it is these taxa of green filamentous algae that start to grow rapidly in the spring in many water bodies and streams, including oligotrophic waters, and then float up from the bottom, forming floating mats (metaphyton); then their decaying masses are washed ashore and cause substantial ecological and economical losses. Peculiar and common ecological and physiological features of Ulva, Cladophora, and Spirogyra favorable for the formation of green tides are considered. Although eutrophication (the supply of nitrogen and phosphorus from agricultural lands, industrial and domestic wastewaters, and aquaculture) is the evident cause of the increase in algal biomass, it is suggested that the location of external fluxes of inorganic nutrients (surface runoff or groundwater discharge), as well as the biogenic redirection of internal fluxes of nitrogen and phosphorus from pelagial to littoral (benthification), play a key role in the formation of green tides. Measures for controlling green tides are discussed. The necessity for detailed studies of the metaphytonic form of vegetation of benthic macroalgae is emphasized. Obviously, a revision of the present concept of oligotrophic/eutrophic waters which considers only the pelagic compartments of aquatic ecosystems is required.

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Держатели документа:
Siberian Fed Univ, Krasnoyarsk 660041, Russia.
Russian Acad Sci, Krasnoyarsk Sci Ctr, Siberian Branch, Inst Biophys, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia.
Russian Acad Sci, Zool Inst, St Petersburg 199034, Russia.

Доп.точки доступа:
Gladyshev, M. I.; Gubelit, Y. I.; state task as part of fundamental research program of the Russian Federation [51.1.9, 6.1504.2017/PCh, AAAA-A19-119020690091-0]

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16.

Establishing cycling processes in an experimental model of a closed ecosystem / A. Tikhomirov, S. Ushakova, N. Tikhomirova [et al.] // Acta Astronaut. - 2020. - Vol. 166: 21st International-Academy-of-Astronautics (IAA) Humans in Space (NOV 27-30, 2017, Shenzhen, PEOPLES R CHINA). - P537-544, DOI 10.1016/j.actaastro.2018.08.023. - Cited References:18. - The study was supported by the Russian Science Foundation, Russia (Project No. 14-14-00599 Pi) and carried out in the IBP SB RAS at FRCKRC SB RAS. No competing financial interests exist. . - ISSN 0094-5765. - ISSN 1879-2030

РУБ Engineering, Aerospace
Рубрики:
BIOREGENERATIVE LIFE-SUPPORT
   EXCHANGE
   WASTES
   MASS
Кл.слова (ненормированные):
Experimental model of the closed ecosystem -- Oxidation of human and plant -- wastes -- Plant productivity -- Cycling
Аннотация: The purpose of this study was to investigate mass exchange processes in the experimental model of a closed ecological system intended for an estimated portion of a human in the long-duration (several-month) experiment. The diversity of the vegetable crop community in the system was increased, human wastes were involved in mass exchange processes, and human respiration was periodically connected to the system. The system has been designed to test different prospective technologies for future closed life support systems intended for prolonged autonomous operation in space and terrestrial applications. Three methods of plant cultivation in the conveyer mode have been used: hydroponics on expanded clay aggregate, growing plants on the soil-like substrate, and plant cultivation in aquaculture. The technology of more effective oxidation of organic wastes in a physicochemical processing reactor has been developed. A human exhaled the air into the system and consumed the air from the system. O-2 concentration did not drop below 20.8% and did not rise above 22.6%. CO2 concentration varied between 800 ppm and 2500 ppm. Plants growing under this CO2 range at a preset light irradiance showed optimal photosynthetic activity. The closure coefficients for Ca, Mg, S, N, K and P were above 90%. However, compared with the inflow, only 55% Ca, about 80% Mg, and 75% Na and P were removed from the system. The technological processes developed in this study will need to be modified and improved before they can be used in a full-scale closed biotechnical life support system intended for prolonged operation.

WOS
Держатели документа:
RAS, Inst Biophys, Krasnoyarsk Sci Ctr, Fed Res Ctr,SB, 50-50 Akademgorodok, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia.

Доп.точки доступа:
Tikhomirov, Alexander; Ushakova, Sofya; Tikhomirova, Natalia; Velichko, Vladimir; Trifonov, Sergey; Anishchenko, Olesya; Russian Science Foundation, RussiaRussian Science Foundation (RSF) [14-14-00599Pi]

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17.

Amino acids in prospective feeds for fish aquaculture: A review of experimental data / V. I. Kolmakov, A. A. Kolmakova // J. Sib. Fed. Univ. - Biol. - 2020. - Vol. 13, Is. 4. - С. 424-442, DOI 10.17516/1997-1389-0332 . - ISSN 1997-1389
Кл.слова (ненормированные):
Amino acids -- Aquaculture -- Diet -- Fish feed -- Fishmeal
Аннотация: Total dependence of aquaculture on imports of feeds can significantly compromise Russia's food supply security; hence the task of designing new domestic feeds is of primary importance. A major challenge of world aquaculture is providing fish with a balanced diet, in particular, with a well-balanced composition of amino acids. In this review, we analyze international publications on the composition of amino acids in fish feed over the last two years. We summarize the data on the amino acid composition of prospective food sources for fish aquaculture: agricultural crops, insects, annelids, higher crustaceans, animal waste, phytoplankton, zooplankton, macrophytes, and microorganisms. We performed a comparative analysis of the composition of amino acids in promising aquafeed sources and fish flour traditionally used for fish feeding. Based on the results, we conclude that each of the examined food sources can be used as a component of fish nutrition and offers realistic prospects for production of alternative feeds. To ensure high quality of fish aquaculture products, the priority should be given to development of technologies which allow to control amino acid feed composition during the production process with respect to fish species-specific needs. It is hoped that this review will be useful to researchers and practitioners involved in designing and producing new domestic aquafeed for fish. © Siberian Federal University. All rights reserved.

Scopus
Держатели документа:
Institute of Biophysics SB RAS, FRC Krasnoyarsk Science Center SB RAS, Krasnoyarsk, Russian Federation
Siberian Federal University, Krasnoyarsk, Russian Federation

Доп.точки доступа:
Kolmakov, V. I.; Kolmakova, A. A.

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18.

Fatty acid content and composition in tissues of Baikal grayling (Thymallus baicalensis), with a special focus on DHA synthesis / O. N. Makhutova, K. N. Stoyanov // Aquac. Int. - 2021, DOI 10.1007/s10499-021-00755-w . - Article in press. - ISSN 0967-6120
Кл.слова (ненормированные):
Aquaculture -- Docosahexaenoic fatty acid -- Fish diet -- Furan fatty acids -- Sprecher pathway
Аннотация: Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids of n-3 family (n-3 LC PUFAs) are physiologically essential compounds required for normal growth and development of animals, including humans. The ability of fish species to synthesize n-3 LC PUFAs varies significantly across different trophic levels. We have studied fatty acid (FA) content (mg/g of wet weight) and level (% of total FAs) in the brain, liver, heart, intestine, female and male gonads, muscle, and adipose tissues of commercially important wild freshwater Baikal grayling. Additionally, FA content and level of Baikal grayling juveniles have been studied. In all tissues of Baikal grayling, some LC PUFAs, namely, 24:5n-3 and 24:6n-3 (C24 PUFAs), have been found. These FAs are the intermediate products in the synthesis of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6n-3) by the Sprecher pathway. The levels of C24 PUFAs in tissues differed significantly: the highest levels of C24 PUFAs were found in adipose tissue and the lowest values in the gonads of females, liver, brain, and head of juveniles. According to the dynamics of DHA and C24 PUFAs, the maximum rate of DHA synthesis is achieved in brain of Baikal grayling, while the lowest rate of DHA synthesis probably occurs in adipose tissue. Although all studied tissues had differences in the number of FAs and their levels, 16:0, 18:1n-9, 16:1n-7, 20:5n-3, and DHA dominated. Male gonads contained an extremely high level of furan FAs — presumably beneficial substances for human health. Additionally, the nutritional value of the tissues of Baikal grayling as a source of n-3 LC PUFAs for humans has been estimated. © 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.

Scopus
Держатели документа:
Institute of Biophysics of Federal Research Center “Krasnoyarsk Science Center” of Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Akademgorodok, Krasnoyarsk, 660036, Russian Federation
Siberian Federal University, 79 Svobodny pr, Krasnoyarsk, 660041, Russian Federation

Доп.точки доступа:
Makhutova, O. N.; Stoyanov, K. N.

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19.

Fatty acid content and composition in tissues of Baikal grayling (Thymallus baicalensis), with a special focus on DHA synthesis / O. N. Makhutova, K. N. Stoyanov // Aquac. Int. - 2021, DOI 10.1007/s10499-021-00755-w. - Cited References:75. - The research was funded by a grant from the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (RFBR) N 20-04-00594, by the state assignment within the framework of the Basic Research Program of the Russian Federation (topic no. 51.1.1) and the state assignment of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation to Siberian Federal University in 2020 (Project no. FSRZ-2020-0006 "Biologically active substances in environmental, biotechnological and medical systems"). . - Article in press. - ISSN 0967-6120. - ISSN 1573-143X

РУБ Fisheries
Рубрики:
COD GADUS-MORHUA
   DOCOSAHEXAENOIC ACID
   SEASONAL DYNAMICS
   FISH
Кл.слова (ненормированные):
Docosahexaenoic fatty acid -- Sprecher pathway -- Fish diet -- Furan fatty -- acids -- Aquaculture
Аннотация: Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids of n-3 family (n-3 LC PUFAs) are physiologically essential compounds required for normal growth and development of animals, including humans. The ability of fish species to synthesize n-3 LC PUFAs varies significantly across different trophic levels. We have studied fatty acid (FA) content (mg/g of wet weight) and level (% of total FAs) in the brain, liver, heart, intestine, female and male gonads, muscle, and adipose tissues of commercially important wild freshwater Baikal grayling. Additionally, FA content and level of Baikal grayling juveniles have been studied. In all tissues of Baikal grayling, some LC PUFAs, namely, 24:5n-3 and 24:6n-3 (C24 PUFAs), have been found. These FAs are the intermediate products in the synthesis of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6n-3) by the Sprecher pathway. The levels of C24 PUFAs in tissues differed significantly: the highest levels of C24 PUFAs were found in adipose tissue and the lowest values in the gonads of females, liver, brain, and head of juveniles. According to the dynamics of DHA and C24 PUFAs, the maximum rate of DHA synthesis is achieved in brain of Baikal grayling, while the lowest rate of DHA synthesis probably occurs in adipose tissue. Although all studied tissues had differences in the number of FAs and their levels, 16:0, 18:1n-9, 16:1n-7, 20:5n-3, and DHA dominated. Male gonads contained an extremely high level of furan FAs - presumably beneficial substances for human health. Additionally, the nutritional value of the tissues of Baikal grayling as a source of n-3 LC PUFAs for humans has been estimated.

WOS
Держатели документа:
Russian Acad Sci Akademgorodok, Siberian Branch, Inst Biophys, Fed Res Ctr,Krasnoyarsk Sci Ctr, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia.
Siberian Fed Univ, 79 Svobodny Pr, Krasnoyarsk 660041, Russia.

Доп.точки доступа:
Makhutova, Olesia N.; Stoyanov, Kirill N.; Russian Foundation for Basic Research (RFBR)Russian Foundation for Basic Research (RFBR) [20-04-00594]; Russian FederationRussian Federation [51.1.1]; Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation [FSRZ-2020-0006]

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20.

Terrestrial Sources of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids for Aquaculture / M. I. Gladyshev // J. Ichthyol. - 2021. - Vol. 61, Is. 4. - P632-645, DOI 10.1134/S0032945221030036. - Cited References:116. - This work was supported by a state assignment within the framework of the program of fundamental research of the Russian Federation, theme 51.1.1 and FSRZ-20200006. . - ISSN 0032-9452. - ISSN 1555-6425

РУБ Fisheries + Zoology
Рубрики:
FISH-OIL REPLACEMENT
RAINBOW-TROUT DIETS
ATLANTIC SALMON
Кл.слова (ненормированные):
eicosapentaenoic acid -- docosahexaenoic acid -- fish oil -- fish meal
Аннотация: The review considers probable ways to overcome the deficiency of eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids in the human diet through the rational development of aquaculture. Currently, aquaculture is not a producer, but a consumer of polyunsaturated fatty acids, since it is based on feed, the main components of which are fishmeal and fish oil obtained from commercial catches. It is proposed to transform farmed fish from a consumer to producer of these polyunsaturated fatty acids. The source of production of eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids in aquaculture can be their synthesis by fish from short-chain alpha-linolenic acid contained in the oil of terrestrial agricultural plants. Calculations of the threshold value of the content of eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids in feed for salmon fish (Salmonidae) with partial replacement of fish oil with vegetable oil are presented. Another possible way to transform aquaculture into a producer of polyunsaturated fatty acids is to partially replace fishmeal in feed with flour from terrestrial invertebrates. Some species of insects and worms that are promising for aquaculture as objects for the production of feed meal are considered.

WOS
Держатели документа:
Russian Acad Sci, Inst Biophys, Siberian Branch, Krasnoyarsk, Russia.
Siberian Fed Univ, Krasnoyarsk, Russia.

Доп.точки доступа:
Gladyshev, M., I; Russian FederationRussian Federation [51.1.1, FSRZ-20200006]

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