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Direct utilization of human liquid wastes by plants in a closed ecosystem / G. M. Lisovsky [et al.] // Advances in Space Research. - 1997. - Vol. 20, Is. 10. - P1801-1804 . - ISSN 0273-1177
Кл.слова (ненормированные):
fertilizer -- nitrogen -- sodium chloride -- urea -- article -- biomass -- culture medium -- feasibility study -- human -- metabolism -- methodology -- microclimate -- sewage -- urine -- waste management -- wheat -- Biomass -- Culture Media -- Ecological Systems, Closed -- Feasibility Studies -- Fertilizers -- Humans -- Nitrogen -- Sodium Chloride -- Triticum -- Urea -- Urine -- Waste Disposal, Fluid -- Waste Management
Аннотация: Model experiments in phytotrons have shown that urea is able to cover 70% of the demand in nitrogen of the conveyer cultivated wheat. At the same time wheat plants can directly utilize human liquid wastes. In this article by human liquid wastes the authors mean human urine only. In a long-term experiment on "man-higher plants" system with two crewmen, plants covered 63 m2, with wheat planted to - 39.6 m2. For 103 days, complete human urine (total amount - 210.7 1) wassupplied into the nutrient solution for wheat. In a month and a half NaCl supply into the nutrient solution stabilized at 0.9-1.65 g/l. This salination had no marked effect on wheat production. The experiment revealed the realistic feasibility to directly involve liquid wastes into the biological turnover of the life support system. The closure of the system, in terms of water, increased by 15.7% and the supply of nutrients for wheat plants into the system was decreased. Closedness of biological turnover of matter in a man-made "man - higher plants" ecological system might involve, among other processes, direct utilization of human liquid wastes by plants. The amount of urine comprises 15-20% of the total amount of water cycling within the system including water as part of food, household, hygiene and potable water necessary for man. What is more, it they contains most nitrogen-bearing compounds emitted by man, almost all of the NaCl and some other substances involved in the biological turnover. Human liquid wastes can be utilized either by preliminary physical-chemical treatment (evaporating or freezing out the water, finally oxidizing the organic matter, isolating the mineral components required for plants, etc.) and further involvement of the obtained products or by direct application into the nutrient solution for plants. The challenge of direct utilization is that plants have no need of Na+ and Cl-, and also the organic forms of nitrogen emitted by man cannot fully meet the demand of plants forthis element. Besides, hygienic and/or psychological reasons make it desirable to avoid direct use of liquid wastes in the nutrient solutions that would have direct contact with edible part of plants (tubers, roots, bulbs). Feasibility of direct utilization of liquid wastes by plants in a closed "man - higher plants" ecosystem has been experimentally studied on wheat - grain culture as a model plant with the edible part in the form of seeds spatially dissociated with the nutrient medium. The wheat covered 60-65% of the area under higher plants. The studies have been carried out in "Bios-3"experimental facility described in detail elsewhere (Lisovsky, 1979; Gitelson et al., 1989). В© 1997 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd.

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Держатели документа:
Inst. Biophys.-Russ. Acad. of Sci., Siberian Branch, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russian Federation : 660036, Красноярск, Академгородок, д. 50, стр. 50

Доп.точки доступа:
Lisovsky, G.M.; Gitelson, J.I.; Shilenko, M.P.; Gribovskaya, I.V.; Trubachev, I.N.

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Constructing Slow-Release Formulations of Ammonium Nitrate Fertilizer Based on Degradable Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) / A. N. Boyandin [et al.] // J. Agric. Food Chem. - 2017. - Vol. 65, Is. 32. - P6745-6752, DOI 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b01217 . - ISSN 0021-8561
Кл.слова (ненормированные):
ammonium nitrate -- degradable poly-3-hydroxybutyrate -- embedding -- fillers -- nitrogen fertilizers -- tablets -- Chemical contamination -- Ecology -- Ecosystems -- Fertilizers -- Fillers -- Nitrates -- Plastic coatings -- Ammonium nitrate -- Ammonium nitrate fertilizers -- embedding -- In-laboratory experiments -- Poly-3-hydroxybutyrate -- Slow release fertilizers -- tablets -- Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) -- Nitrogen fertilizers
Аннотация: The present study describes construction and investigation of experimental formulations of ammonium nitrate embedded in a matrix of degradable natural polymer poly-3-hydroxybutyrate [P(3HB)] and P(3HB) blended with wood flour shaped as tablets, some of them coated with P(3HB). Kinetics of ammonium release into soil as dependent on the composition of the polymer matrix was investigated in laboratory experiments. The rates of fertilizer release from formulations coated with a biopolymer layer were considerably (two months or longer) slower than the rates of fertilizer release from uncoated formulations, while release from polymer and composite (polymer/wood flour) formulations occurred with comparable rates. The use of the experimental formulations in laboratory ecosystems with wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) was more effective than application of free ammonium nitrate. The advantage of the slow-release fertilizer formulations is that they are buried in soil together with the seeds, and the fertilizer remains effective over the first three months of plant growth. The use of such slow-release formulations will reduce the amounts of chemicals released into the environment, which will curb their accumulation in food chains of ecosystems and mitigate their adverse effects on the biosphere. © 2017 American Chemical Society.

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Держатели документа:
Institute of Biophysics, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Federal Research Center, Krasnoyarsk Science Center SB RAS, 50/50 Akademgorodok, Krasnoyarsk, Russian Federation
Siberian Federal University, 79 Svobodny pr., Krasnoyarsk, Russian Federation

Доп.точки доступа:
Boyandin, A. N.; Kazantseva, E. A.; Varygina, D. E.; Volova, T. G.

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Feasibility of incorporating all products of human waste processing into material cycling in the BTLSS / Y. A. Morozov [et al.] // Life Sci. Space Res. - 2018. - Vol. 18. - P29-34, DOI 10.1016/j.lssr.2018.05.002 . - ISSN 2214-5524
Кл.слова (ненормированные):
BTLSS -- Closure -- Cycling -- Hydroponics -- Nutrient availability -- Sediment
Аннотация: The present study addresses the ways to increase the closure of biotechnical life support systems (BTLSS) for space applications. A promising method of organic waste processing based on “wet combustion” in hydrogen peroxide developed at the IBP SB RAS to produce fertilizers for higher plants is discussed. The method is relatively compact, energy efficient, productive, and eco-friendly. However, about 4–6 g/L of recalcitrant sediment containing such essential nutrients as Ca, Mg, P, Fe, Cu, Mn, and Zn precipitates after the initial process. These elements are unavailable to plants grown hydroponically and, thus, drop out of the cycling as dead-end products. Possible methods of dissolving that sediment have been studied. Results of experiments show that the most promising method is additional oxidation of the sediment in HNO3 + H2O2. By using the new technological process, which only involves substances synthesized inside the BTLSS material flows, more than 90% of each nutrient can be converted into the form available to plants in irrigation solutions, thus returning them into the material cycling. The results obtained in this study show the efficacy of supplementing the irrigation solutions with the mineral nutrients after sediment dissolution. Lettuce plants grown as the test object on the newly prepared irrigation solutions produced the yield that was more than twice higher than the yield produced on the nutrient solutions prepared without the sediment conversion into a soluble form. Composition of the gases emitted during this process has been analyzed. Dynamics of oxidation of the small fractions of a wax-like sediment remaining after the initial sediment dissolution in HNO3 + H2O2 in the BTLSS soil-like substrate has been studied. The entire technological scheme aimed at the full inclusion of all human wastes into the BTLSS cycling has been suggested and discussed. A process scheme of including products of human waste processing in the biotic cycle of the BTLSS is discussed in the conclusion. © 2018 The Committee on Space Research (COSPAR)

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Держатели документа:
Institute of Biophysics SB RAS, Federal Research Center “Krasnoyarsk Science Center” SB RAS, 50/50 Akademgorodok, Krasnoyarsk, Russian Federation
Reshetnev Siberian State University of Science and Technology, 31 “Krasnoyarskiy Rabochiy” Ave., Krasnoyarsk, Russian Federation

Доп.точки доступа:
Morozov, Y. A.; Trifonov, S. V.; Ushakova, S. A.; Anishchenko, O. V.; Tikhomirov, A. A.

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Feasibility of incorporating all products of human waste processing into material cycling in the btlss / Ye. A. Morozov [et al.] // Proceedings of the International Astronautical Congress, IAC. - 2017. - Vol. 4: 68th International Astronautical Congress: Unlocking Imagination, Fostering Innovation and Strengthening Security, IAC 2017 (25 September 2017 through 29 September 2017, ) Conference code: 136635. - P2143-2149
Кл.слова (ненормированные):
BTLSS -- Closure -- Cycling -- Hydroponics -- Nutrient availability -- Sediment -- Dissolution -- Energy efficiency -- Irrigation -- Life support systems (spacecraft) -- Plant shutdowns -- Sediments -- Space applications -- Waste incineration -- BTLSS -- Closure -- Cycling -- Hydroponics -- Nutrient availability -- Nutrients
Аннотация: The present study addresses the ways to increase the closure of biotechnical life support systems (BTLSS) for space applications. A promising method of organic waste processing based on wet combustion in hydrogen peroxide developed at the IBP SB RAS to produce fertilizers for higher plants is discussed. The method is relatively compact, energy efficient, productive, and eco-friendly. However, about 4-6 g/L of recalcitrant sediment containing such essential nutrients as Ca, Mg, P, Fe, Cu, Mn, and Zn precipitates after the initial process. These elements are unavailable to plants grown hydroponically, thus dropping out of the cycling as deadlock products. Possible methods of dissolving that sediment have been studied. Results of experiments show that the most promising method is additional oxidation of the sediment in HNO3 + H2O2. By using the new technological process, which only involves substances synthesized inside the BTLSS material flows, more than 90% of each nutrient can be converted into the available form in irrigation solutions, thus returning them into the material cycling. The efficiency of irrigation solutions beneficiated with the mineral nutrients after the sediment dissolution has been shown. Lettuce plants grown as the test object on the newly prepared irrigation solutions produced the yield that was higher more than twice compared to the nutrient solutions prepared without the sediment conversion into a soluble state. Composition of the gases emitted during this process has been analysed. Dynamics of oxidation of small fractions of a wax-like sediment remaining after its dissolution in the BTLSS soil-like substrate has been studied. In conclusion, the entire technological chain aimed at inclusion of deadlock products of human waste wet combustion into the BTLSS cycling has been suggested and discussed. © 2017 by the International Astronautical Federation (IAF). All rights reserved.

Scopus
Держатели документа:
Institute of Biophysics SB RAS, Federal Research Center, Krasnoyarsk Science Center SB RAS, 50/50 Akademgorodok, Krasnoyarsk, 660036, Russian Federation
Reshetnev Siberian State University of Science and Technology, 31 "Krasnoyarskiy Rabochiy" Ave., Krasnoyarsk, 660037, Russian Federation

Доп.точки доступа:
Morozov, Ye. A.; Trifonov, S. V.; Ushakova, S. A.; Anishchenko, O. V.; Tikhomirov, A. A.

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Processing of sanitary and household waste in biotechnical life support systems / S. V. Trifonov, Ye. A. Morozov, A. A. Tikhomirov // IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering : Institute of Physics Publishing, 2019. - Vol. 537: International Workshop on Advanced Technologies in Material Science, Mechanical and Automation Engineering - MIP: Engineering-2019 (4 April 2019 through 6 April 2019, ) Conference code: 149243, Is. 6, DOI 10.1088/1757-899X/537/6/062091
Кл.слова (ненормированные):
Electric fields -- Fertilizers -- Wastes -- Alternating current -- Cotton wastes -- Household waste -- Kitchen wastewaters -- Mineral element -- Mineral fertilizers -- Organic wastes -- Universal method -- Minerals
Аннотация: In order to establish material loops in biotechnical life support systems (BTLSS), various types of organic waste generated within the system need to be effectively processed. A universal method should be developed to produce mineral fertilizers for the higher-plant compartment of the BTLSS regardless of the level of reduction of the organic compounds contained in the waste and the contents of mineral elements in it. A method of producing mineral fertilizers by organic waste oxidation in the hydrogen peroxide aqueous solution under application of an alternating current electric field is proposed as a possible approach. Methods of processing of human wastes and inedible plant biomass were discussed in previous studies. The present study demonstrates the approach to processing cotton waste and kitchen wastewater. The study describes processing of such wastes by using a supplementary oxidizer (nitric acid) and co-oxidation with other types of organic waste typically generated in the BTLSS. Recommendations are offered on using these approaches to process sanitary/household waste in the BTLSS. © 2019 IOP Publishing Ltd. All rights reserved.

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Держатели документа:
Institute of Biophysics, SB RAS, Federal Research Center, Krasnoyarsk Science Center SB RAS, Akademgorodok, Krasnoyarsk, 660036, Russian Federation
Reshetnev Siberian State University of Science and Technology, 31 Krasnoyarskiy Rabochiy pr., Krasnoyarsk, 660037, Russian Federation

Доп.точки доступа:
Trifonov, S. V.; Morozov, Ye. A.; Tikhomirov, A. A.

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Processing of sanitary and household waste in biotechnical life support systems / S. V. Trifonov, Y. A. Morozov, A. A. Tikhomirov // INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ADVANCED TECHNOLOGIES IN MATERIAL SCIENCE, : IOP PUBLISHING LTD, 2019. - Vol. 537: International Workshop on Advanced Technologies in Material Science, (APR 04-06, 2019, Krasnoyarsk, RUSSIA). - Ст. 062091. - (IOP Conference Series-Materials Science and Engineering), DOI 10.1088/1757-899X/537/6/062091. - Cited References:7. - The development of the process of mineralizing sanitary/household waste was supported by the Russian Science Foundation (Project No. 17-74-10147) and carried out in the IBP SB RAS at FRC KRC SB RAS. . -

РУБ Engineering, Mechanical + Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Рубрики:
PLANTS
Аннотация: In order to establish material loops in biotechnical life support systems (BTLSS), various types of organic waste generated within the system need to be effectively processed. A universal method should be developed to produce mineral fertilizers for the higher-plant compartment of the BTLSS regardless of the level of reduction of the organic compounds contained in the waste and the contents of mineral elements in it. A method of producing mineral fertilizers by organic waste oxidation in the hydrogen peroxide aqueous solution under application of an alternating current electric field is proposed as a possible approach Methods of processing of human wastes and inedible plant biomass were discussed in previous studies. The present study demonstrates the approach to processing cotton waste and kitchen wastewater. The study describes processing of such wastes by using a supplementary oxidizer (nitric acid) and co-oxidation with other types of organic waste typically generated in the BTLSS. Recommendations are offered on using these approaches to process sanitary/household waste in the BTLSS.

WOS
Держатели документа:
RAS, Krasnoyarsk Sci Ctr SB, Fed Res Ctr, Inst Biophys, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia.
Reshetnev Siberian State Univ Sci & Technol, 31 Krasnoyarskiy Rabochiy Pr, Krasnoyarsk 660037, Russia.

Доп.точки доступа:
Trifonov, S. V.; Morozov, Ye A.; Tikhomirov, A. A.; Morozov, Yegor; Russian Science FoundationRussian Science Foundation (RSF) [17-74-10147]

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