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Understanding the mechanisms of blooming of phytoplankton in Lake Shira, a saline lake in Siberia (the Republic of Khakasia) / A. G. Degermendzhy, R. D. Gulati // Aquatic Ecology. - 2002. - Vol. 36, Is. 2. - P331-340 . - ISSN 1386-2588
Кл.слова (ненормированные):
Carbon budget -- Cyanobacteria -- Heterotrophic bacteria -- Hydrogen sulphide -- Mathematical models of stratification -- Meromictic lakes -- Microbial loop -- Stratification -- Trophic scheme -- algal bloom -- ecosystem modeling -- limiting factor -- nutrient availability -- phytoplankton -- saline lake -- trophic interaction -- Russian Federation -- algae -- Bacteria (microorganisms) -- Cyanobacteria -- Lyngbya -- Lyngbya contorta
Аннотация: The paper summarises the results of a three-year research study (European Union Grant: INTAS 97-0519) aimed at investigating the planktonic populations and trophic organization of the Lake Shira ecosystem - a saline lake in Khakasia, Siberia. The lake exhibits a stable summer-autumn stratification of the chemical-biological components. The mechanisms responsible for the 'blooming' of phytoplankton in the deeper layers were investigated in greater detail, using data from both field and laboratory experiments. The spectra of nutrition were examined to estimate the relationships between the specific growth rates of the hydrobionts and the influence of the limiting factors: light, nutrients. The observed heterotrophic capability of a metalimnetic phytoplankton population might help explain the development in the deeper waters of Lyngbya contorta. The scheme of trophic interactions was put up, based on the assessment of the carbon pools and carbon flows in the pelagic zone of the lake. A mathematical model of the vertical structure of the lake's plankton populations was constructed, using the ecosystem description and data of vertical turbulent diffusion. The role of light and nutrient limitations and grazing mortality in forming the vertical inhomogeneities, particularly in lowering the depth of the maximal cyanobacterial biomass, has been demonstrated. The theoretical curves for the stratification of chemical and biological parameters have been brought in conformity with the field observations, e.g. for the different patterns of the peaks, and for the biomass maxima of cyanobacteria, purple and green sulphur bacteria, oxygen, and hydrogen sulphide. The calculations revealed that for an adequate assessment of the parameters for the hydrogen sulphide zone it is necessary to introduce flows of allochthonous organic matter. Based on the form of the sulphur distribution curve, the allochthonous input of organic matter and the inflow of hydrogen sulphide from the bottom have been theoretically discriminated for the first time. It has also been ascertained that irrespective of the depth the allochthonous substances limiting bacterial growth, the bacteria are uniformly distributed over depth and can serve as an indicator of the presence of limitation (the effect of autostabilisation in space). Of indisputable interest to limnology are the specific methods developed for understanding the functioning of Lake Shira ecosystem. These include the autostabilisation of the limiting factors, the on-the-spot fluorescent method of determining the three classes of microalgae, the algal mixotrophy and the planktonic population interactions and feedbacks, and development of a more sensitive, bioluminescent method for mapping the nonhomogeneities. Owing to a balanced combination of classical approaches (field observations, in situ data on production-decomposition) and the more recent ones (satellite monitoring, biophysical methods of estimating interactions of populations, mathematical models based on the field and experimental data), many of the structural-function relationships in the ecosystem can now be explained, and the models can provide 'mutual control and mutual agreement' between the data collected using different approaches.

Scopus
Держатели документа:
Institute of Biophysics SB RAS, 660036 Krasnoyarsk, Russian Federation : 660036, Красноярск, Академгородок, д. 50, стр. 50

Доп.точки доступа:
Degermendzhy, A.G.; Gulati, R.D.

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Formation of the vertical heterogeneity in the Lake Shira ecosystem: The biological mechanisms and mathematical model / A. G. Degermendzhy [et al.] // Aquatic Ecology. - 2002. - Vol. 36, Is. 2. - P271-297, DOI 10.1023/A:1015621508971 . - ISSN 1386-2588
Кл.слова (ненормированные):
Hydrogen sulphide -- Phytoplankton -- Stratification control -- Sulphate-reducing bacteria -- Sulphur cycle -- Vertical model -- biological production -- community structure -- ecosystem modeling -- nutrient cycling -- plankton -- saline lake -- seasonal variation -- vertical distribution -- Russian Federation -- algae -- Arctodiaptomus -- Bacteria (microorganisms) -- Calanoida -- Chlorophyta -- Copepoda -- Crustacea -- Cyanobacteria -- Dictyosphaerium -- Lyngbya -- Lyngbya contorta
Аннотация: Data on the seasonal changes in vertical heterogeneity of the physical-chemical and biological parameters of the thermally stratified Shira Lake ecosystem (Khakasia, Siberia) in 1996-2000 have been analyzed. The interaction mechanisms involving: (1) The plankton populations in aerobic and anaerobic zones, involving the cycling of carbon and sulphur, (2) the primary production limitation (by light and phosphorus) and inhibition (by light), and (3) the kinetic characteristics of plankton populations have been elucidated. A mathematical model of the vertical structure of the lake's plankton populations, based on the ecosystem description and on vertical turbulent diffusion of the matter, has been constructed. The green alga Dictyosphaerium tetrachotomum (Chlorophyta) and the cyanobacterium Lyngbya contorta (Cyanophyta), which dominated the phytoplankton biomass, were taken as oxygen producers. Arctodiaptomus salinus (a calanoid copepod) has been assumed as the main grazer in Shira Lake as it dominated the zooplankton biomass. Four groups of microorganisms involved in the sulphur cycle formation have been distinguished: sulphur, sulphur purple, sulphur green and SRB. H2S is oxidized to sulphate (only the green sulphur bacteria oxidize it to sulphur), and sulphate is reduced to H2S, forming neither sulphur nor its water-soluble compounds. The role of grazing, light and nutrient limitation, in forming the vertical inhomogeneities, particularly in lowering the depth of the maximal cyanobacterial biomass, has been demonstrated. When the model takes into account both light limitation and nutrient limitation of algal growth by P and consumption of algae by crustaceans: (a) in the scenario where the P is formed only by the cycling and decomposition of autochthonous organic matter, both the green algae and cyanobacteria are eliminated; (b) in the scenario involving an additional P flux in the deep water layers the peak of the cyanobacteria is at a depth of 10 m, and its amplitude is close to the one observed in the lake. The position of the peak remains stable owing to the 'double' limitation mechanism: light 'from above' and P 'from below'. Another mechanism responsible for the deep position of the peak of cyanobacteria was analyzed mathematically based on the model involving the experimentally proven assumption of the growth inhibition by light in the epilimnion and the light limitation in the hypolimnion. The main result is: the peak is positioned stable at its depth and does not change with time. The analytical and numerical calculations made for this positioning mechanism yielded the formulae relating the depth of the maximum of algal biomass, the 'width' of the peak base and the peak amplitude and a number of parameters (algae elimination, turbulent diffusion coefficient, sedimentation rate, light extinction coefficient and light intensity). The theoretical curves for the stratification of chemical and biological parameters have been brought in conformity with field observations, e.g. for the different patterns for the peaks, and the biomass maxima of cyanobacteria, purple and green sulphur bacteria, oxygen, and hydrogen sulphide. The calculations revealed that for an adequate assessment of the parameters for the hydrogen sulphide zone it is necessary to introduce flows of allochthonous organic matter. For the first time, theoretically, based on the form of the sulphur distribution curve, the allochthonous input of organic matter and the inflow of hydrogen sulphide from the bottom have been discriminated. The theoretical limit for the depth up to which the hydrogen-sulphide zone can ascend under the impact of allochthonous organic loading, has been determined.

Scopus
Держатели документа:
Institute of Biophysics of SB RAS, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russian Federation : 660036, Красноярск, Академгородок, д. 50, стр. 50

Доп.точки доступа:
Degermendzhy, A.G.; Belolipetsky, V.M.; Zotina, T.A.; Gulati, R.D.

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Phytoplankton diet of Arctodiaptomus salinus (Copepoda, Calanoida) in Lake Shira (Khakasia) / A. P. Tolomeyev // Aquatic Ecology. - 2002. - Vol. 36, Is. 2. - P229-234, DOI 10.1023/A:1015618104520 . - ISSN 1386-2588
Кл.слова (ненормированные):
Arctodiaptomus salinus -- Food selectivity -- Phytoplankton -- diet -- food selection -- phytoplankton -- saline lake -- zooplankton -- Russian Federation -- algae -- Animalia -- Arctodiaptomus -- Calanoida -- Copepoda -- Cyanobacteria -- Eukaryota -- Invertebrata -- Lyngbya -- Lyngbya contorta -- Microcystis -- Microcystis sp.
Аннотация: A flow-through method was employed to study the algal part of the diet spectrum of the calanoid Arctodiaptomus salinus in the surface layer of the lake and in the phytoplankton biomass maximum zone (10 m deep). Daily consumption rates of this calanoid differed markedly in these layers, being 1 and 11 ?g ind -1 d-1 respectively. The cyanobacterial taxa, Lyngbya contorta and Microcystis sp., accounted for more than a half of the ration. Nevertheless, the negative Ivlev electivity coefficient indicated that Arctodiaptomus prefers none of these two taxa. The low measured uptakes suggest that the energy expenditure is compensated by other resources, presumably microzooplankton and detritus.

Scopus
Держатели документа:
Institute of Biophysics of SB RAS, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russian Federation : 660036, Красноярск, Академгородок, д. 50, стр. 50

Доп.точки доступа:
Tolomeyev, A.P.

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Lake Shira, a Siberian salt lake: Ecosystem structure and function. 1. Major physico-chemical and biological features / T. A. Zotina, A. P. Tolomeyev, N. N. Degermendzhy // International Journal of Salt Lake Research. - 1999. - Vol. 8, Is. 3. - P211-232, DOI 10.1023/A:1009030120324 . - ISSN 1037-0544
Кл.слова (ненормированные):
Bacterioplankton -- Blue-green algae -- Meromictic salt lake -- Phytoplankton -- Vertical structure -- Zooplankton -- community composition -- ecosystem function -- ecosystem structure -- migration -- relative abundance -- saline lake -- vertical distribution -- Russian Federation -- Arctodiaptomus salinus -- Brachionus plicatilis -- Cyclotella tuberculata -- Dictyosphaerium tetrachotomum -- Hexarthra oxiuris -- Lyngbya contorta -- Microcystis ichtyoblabe
Аннотация: The specific composition, vertical distribution and daily migration of plankton in a meromictic salt lake, Lake Shira, have been investigated. The main structural components of the ecosystem are bacteria, algae and crustaceans. Since the late 1970s, blue-green algae are reported as dominant. Nowadays the phytoplankton is dominated by Lyngbya contorta, Microcystis ichtyoblabe (Cyanophyta), Cyclotella tuberculata (Bacillariophyta) and Dictyosphaerium tetrachotomum (Chlorophyta). The zooplankton of Lake Shira comprises Arctodiaptomus salinus (Copepoda), Brachionus plicatilis and Hexarthra oxiuris (Rotatoria). Investigation revealed a stratified vertical distribution of all dominant species except Cyclotella with a maximum at a depth of 12-15 m during the summer growth period. Zooplanktons differ in the pattern of distribution and daily migration, but most zooplankton tend to concentrate near the surface. The possible reasons for the vertical distribution of the plankton are discussed.

Scopus
Держатели документа:
Institute of Biophysics, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Krasnoyarsk, Akademgorodok, 660036, Russian Federation : 660036, Красноярск, Академгородок, д. 50, стр. 50

Доп.точки доступа:
Zotina, T.A.; Tolomeyev, A.P.; Degermendzhy, N.N.

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