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Self-restoration as fundamental property of CES providing their sustainability / I. I. Gitelson, A. G. Degermendzhy, E. K. Rodicheva // Advances in Space Research. - 2003. - Vol. 31, Is. 7. - P1641-1648, DOI 10.1016/S0273-1177(03)00111-X . - ISSN 0273-1177
Кл.слова (ненормированные):
Biocatalysts -- Ecosystems -- Genes -- Life support systems (spacecraft) -- Radiation damage -- Cell populations -- Space flight -- space shuttle -- article -- biological model -- biomass -- cell division -- Chlorella -- cytology -- growth, development and aging -- microclimate -- radiation exposure -- radiation response -- ultraviolet radiation -- Biomass -- Cell Division -- Chlorella -- Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation -- Ecological Systems, Closed -- Life Support Systems -- Models, Biological -- Ultraviolet Rays
Аннотация: Sustainability is one of the most important criteria and evaluation of human life support systems intended for use during long space flights. The common feature of biological and physicochemical life support systems is that basically they are both catalytic. But there are two fundamental properties distinguishing biological systems: 1) they are auto-catalytic: their catalysts - enzymes of protein nature - are continuously reproduced when the system functions; 2) the program of every process performed by enzymes and the program of their reproduction are inherent in the biological system itself - in the totality of genomes of the species involved in the functioning of the ecosystem. Actually, one cell with the genome capable of the phenotypic realization is enough for the self-restoration of the function performed by the cells of this species in the ecosystem. The continuous microalgal culture of Chlorella vulgaris was taken to investigate quantitatively the process of self-restoration in unicellular algae population. Based on the data obtained, we proposed a mathematical model of the restoration process in a cell population that has suffered an acute radiation damage. В© 2003 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.

Scopus
Держатели документа:
Institute of Biophysics, SB RAS, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russian Federation : 660036, Красноярск, Академгородок, д. 50, стр. 50

Доп.точки доступа:
Gitelson, I.I.; Degermendzhy, A.G.; Rodicheva, E.K.

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Mathematical model of seasonal agrophytocenosis productivity based on terrestrial and satellite monitoring / T. I. Pisman [et al.] // Doklady Biological Sciences. - 2009. - Vol. 428, Is. 1. - P467-470, DOI 10.1134/S0012496609050226 . - ISSN 0012-4966
Кл.слова (ненормированные):
agriculture -- algorithm -- article -- biological model -- biomass -- computer simulation -- crop -- growth, development and aging -- methodology -- season -- space flight -- wheat -- Agriculture -- Algorithms -- Biomass -- Computer Simulation -- Crops, Agricultural -- Models, Biological -- Seasons -- Spacecraft -- Triticum

Scopus
Держатели документа:
Institute of Biophysics, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Akademgorodok 50.50, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russian Federation
Institute of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Khakass State University, pr. Lenina 90, Abakan, 655000 Khakassia, Russian Federation
Institute of Space and Information Technologies, Siberian Federal University, ul. Kirenskogo 26, Krasnoyarsk 660074, Russian Federation : 660036, Красноярск, Академгородок, д. 50, стр. 50

Доп.точки доступа:
Pisman, T.I.; Pugacheva, I.Y.; Jukova, E.Y.; Shevyrnogov, A.P.

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Biological life support systems for a Mars mission planetary base: Problems and prospects / A. A. Tikhomirov [et al.] // Advances in Space Research. - 2007. - Vol. 40, Is. 11. - P1741-1745, DOI 10.1016/j.asr.2006.11.009 . - ISSN 0273-1177
Кл.слова (ненормированные):
BLSS -- Matter turnover -- Wastes utilization -- Biological systems -- Biophysics -- Martian surface analysis -- Physical chemistry -- Problem solving -- Biological life support systems -- Mars mission planetary base -- Matter turnover -- Wastes utilization -- Life support systems (spacecraft)
Аннотация: The study develops approaches to designing biological life support systems for the Mars mission - for the flight conditions and for a planetary base - using experience of the Institute of Biophysics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IBP SB RAS) with the Bios-3 system and ESA's experience with the MELISSA program. Variants of a BLSS based on using Chlorella and/or Spirulina and higher plants for the flight period of the Mars mission are analyzed. It is proposed constructing a BLSS with a closed-loop material cycle for gas and water and for part of human waste. A higher-plant-based BLSS with the mass exchange loop closed to various degrees is proposed for a Mars planetary base. Various versions of BLSS configuration and degree of closure of mass exchange are considered, depending on the duration of the Mars mission, the diet of the crew, and some other conditions. Special consideration is given to problems of reliability and sustainability of material cycling in BLSS, which are related to production of additional oxygen inside the system. Technologies of constructing BLSS of various configurations are proposed and substantiated. Reasons are given for using physicochemical methods in BLSS as secondary tools both during the flight and the stay on Mars. В© 2007.

Scopus
Держатели документа:
Institute of Biophysics (Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Science) Akademgorodok, Krasnoyarsk, 660036, Russian Federation
ESA/ESTEC, Keplerlaan 1, 2201 AZ Noordwijk, Netherlands : 660036, Красноярск, Академгородок, д. 50, стр. 50

Доп.точки доступа:
Tikhomirov, A.A.; Ushakova, S.A.; Kovaleva, N.P.; Lamaze, B.; Lobo, M.; Lasseur, Ch.

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The possible way of introducing mineral elements of liquid human wastes into the material cycle in biological life support systems / A. A. Tikhomirov [et al.] // International Astronautical Federation - 55th International Astronautical Congress 2004. - 2004. - Vol. 3: International Astronautical Federation - 55th International Astronautical Congress 2004 (4 October 2004 through 8 October 2004, Vancouver) Conference code: 69653. - P1442-1448
Кл.слова (ненормированные):
Biomass -- Body fluids -- Hydrogen peroxide -- Life support systems (spacecraft) -- Solid wastes -- Biological life support systems -- Intrasystem material cycle -- Liquid human wastes -- Plant biomass -- Waste management
Аннотация: Along with the atmosphere, water and food regeneration processes in biological life support systems it is important to provide units and links responsible for utilization of unused plant biomass, human wastes and returning, if possible, the most of wastes into the intrasystem material cycle. The experience on construction of biological life support systems (BLSS) gained by the Institute of Biophysics SB RAS (Krasnoyarsk, Russia) allows us to suggest constructing an integrated biological-physical-chemical life support system with the biological unit predominating. It is possibly to partially mineralize urine and solid wastes by "wet incineration" by hydrogen peroxide in electric field. We suggest decomposing urea by a urease-enzymatic method using soybean or canavalia flour containing sufficient amount of urease. Consumption of 1.5 g of flour for decomposition of urea in daily urine and the possibility of producing flour from soybeans and canavalia grown inside the system make this method of urea decomposition rather prospective. Further ammonia distillation using the nitrification unit and evaporation of solution would make possible to return nitrogen and water back into the intrasystem cycle. Probably, in long-duration space expeditions the utilization of urine would be confined only by extraction of nitrogen and water from urine with further removal of dry residue to the stock, as the problem of returning sodium chloride into the intrasystem cycling has not been solved yet. As all biogenic elements contained in urine (except nitrogen) get lost at that, the solution of the problem with introducing NaCl and mineral elements into the cycle with the help of halophyte plants Salicornia europaea are of sufficient interest. This work presents the experimental results of growing Salicornia europaea on model solutions containing biogenic elements in the amounts equivalent to their content in urine and on urine, which undergone physically-chemically treatment by peroxide and ammonia distillation after urease-enzymatic decomposition. Taking into consideration that the mineral elements content in urine can vary, 2 variants of model solutions were used. In the first variant the content of P was 8-fold, S - 7-fold, K - 8-fold higher than in Knop's solution; the content of Ca and Mg almost complied with that in Knop's solution. In the variant P was 12-fold, S - 17-fold, K - 17-fold, Ca - 6-fold and Mg was 8-fold higher than in Knop's solution. The content of N and NaCl in both variants was the same and constituted 0.18 g/l and 10 g/l respectively. The results of carried experiments showed that growing plants on urine treated in the above-mentioned way is possible; though the productivity of plants would be less than on model solutions. The reasons of plant productivity drop and the possible ways of their removal have been discussed.

Scopus
Держатели документа:
Institute of Biophysics, SB, RAS, Krasnoyarsk, Russian Federation : 660036, Красноярск, Академгородок, д. 50, стр. 50

Доп.точки доступа:
Tikhomirov, A.A.; Gitelson, J.I.; Ushakova, S.A.; Kovaleva, N.P.; Tikhomirova, N.A.; Gribovskaya, I.V.

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Mass exchange in an experimental new-generation life support system model based on biological regeneration of environment / A. A. Tikhomirov [et al.] // Advances in Space Research. - 2003. - Vol. 31, Is. 7. - P1711-1720, DOI 10.1016/S0273-1177(03)80017-0 . - ISSN 0273-1177
Кл.слова (ненормированные):
Biomass -- Photosynthesis -- Plants (botany) -- Transpiration -- Mass exchange -- Life support systems (spacecraft) -- ammonia -- nitrogen -- oxygen -- biosphere -- animal -- annelid worm -- article -- biological model -- biomass -- bioremediation -- evaluation -- growth, development and aging -- human -- metabolism -- microclimate -- photosynthesis -- Pleurotus -- radish -- wheat -- Ammonia -- Animals -- Biodegradation, Environmental -- Biomass -- Ecological Systems, Closed -- Evaluation Studies -- Humans -- Life Support Systems -- Models, Biological -- Nitrogen -- Oligochaeta -- Oxygen -- Photosynthesis -- Pleurotus -- Raphanus -- Triticum
Аннотация: An experimental model of a biological life support system was used to evaluate qualitative and quantitative parameters of the internal mass exchange. The photosynthesizing unit included the higher plant component (wheat and radish), and the heterotrophic unit consisted of a soil-like substrate, California worms, mushrooms and microbial microflora. The gas mass exchange involved evolution of oxygen by the photosynthesizing component and its uptake by the heterotroph component along with the formation and maintaining of the SLS structure, growth of mushrooms and California worms, human respiration, and some other processes. Human presence in the system in the form of "virtual human" that at regular intervals took part in the respirative gas exchange during the experiment. Experimental data demonstrated good oxygen/carbon dioxide balance, and the closure of the cycles of these gases was almost complete. The water cycle was nearly 100% closed. The main components in the water mass exchange were transpiration water and the watering solution with mineral elements. Human consumption of the edible plant biomass (grains and roots) was simulated by processing these products by a unique physicochemical method of oxidizing them to inorganic mineral compounds, which were then returned into the system and fully assimilated by the plants. The oxidation was achieved by "wet combustion" of organic biomass, using hydrogen peroxide following a special procedure, which does not require high temperature and pressure. Hydrogen peroxide is produced from the water inside the system. The closure of the cycle was estimated for individual elements and compounds. Stoichiometric proportions are given for the main components included in the experimental model of the system. Approaches to the mathematical modeling of the cycling processes are discussed, using the data of the experimental model. Nitrogen, as a representative of biogenic elements, shows an almost 100% closure of the cycle inside the system. The proposed experimental model of a biological system is discussed as a candidate for potential application in the investigations aimed at creating ecosystems with largely closed cycles of the internal mass exchange. The formation and maintenance of sustainable cycling of vitally important chemical elements and compounds in biological life support systems (BLSS) is an extremely pressing problem. To attain the stable functioning of biological life support systems (BLSS) and to maintain a high degree of closure of material cycles in them, it is essential to understand the character of mass exchange processes and stoichiometric proportions of the initial and synthesized components of the system. В© 2003 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.

Scopus
Держатели документа:
Institute of Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Siberian Branch, Krasnoyarsk, Russian Federation
Universite B. Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand, France
Environ. Control/Life Support Sect., ESA, Estec Noorwijk, Netherlands : 660036, Красноярск, Академгородок, д. 50, стр. 50

Доп.точки доступа:
Tikhomirov, A.A.; Ushakova, S.A.; Manukovsky, N.S.; Lisovsky, G.M.; Kudenko, Yu.A.; Kovalev, V.S.; Gubanov, V.G.; Barkhatov, Yu.V.; Gribovskaya, I.V.; Zolotukhin, I.G.; Gros, J.B.; Lasseur, Ch.

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Recycling efficiencies of C,H,O,N,S, and P elements in a biological life support system based on micro-organisms and higher plants / J. B. Gros [et al.] // Advances in Space Research. - 2003. - Vol. 31, Is. 1. - P195-199, DOI 10.1016/S0273-1177(02)00739-1 . - ISSN 0273-1177
Кл.слова (ненормированные):
Biomass -- Biosynthesis -- Chemical elements -- Earth atmosphere -- Ecosystems -- Life support systems (spacecraft) -- Manned space flight -- Microorganisms -- Plants (botany) -- Wastes -- Compartments -- Space research -- carbon -- carbon dioxide -- hydrogen -- nitrogen -- oxygen -- phosphorus -- sulfur -- space technology -- article -- biological model -- biomass -- chemistry -- comparative study -- computer simulation -- growth, development and aging -- metabolism -- methodology -- microbiology -- microclimate -- plant -- waste management -- Biomass -- Carbon -- Carbon Dioxide -- Computer Simulation -- Ecological Systems, Closed -- Environmental Microbiology -- Hydrogen -- Life Support Systems -- Models, Biological -- Nitrogen -- Oxygen -- Phosphorus -- Plants, Edible -- Sulfur -- Waste Management
Аннотация: MELiSSA is a microorganism based artificial ecosystem conceived as a tool for understanding the behavior of ecosystems and developing the technology for future Manned Space Missions. MELiSSA is composed of four compartments colonized by the microorganisms required by the function of this ecosystem : breakdown of waste produced by men, regeneration of atmosphere and biosynthesis of edible biomass. This paper reports the mass balance description of a Biological Life Support System composed of the MELiSSA loop and of a Higher Plant Compartment working in parallel with the photosynthetic Spirulina compartment producing edible biomass. The recycling efficiencies of the system are determined and compared for various working conditions of the MELiSSA loop with or without the HPC. В© 2002 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd on behalf of COSPAR.

Scopus
Держатели документа:
Lab. de Genie Chimique/Biochimique, Universite B. Pascal, Aubiere cedex 63177, France
ESA/Estec, YVC, P.O. Box 299, Noordwijk, AG 2200, Netherlands
Institute of Biophysics, Siberian branchs RAS, Academgorodok, Krasnoyarsk 630036, Russian Federation : 660036, Красноярск, Академгородок, д. 50, стр. 50

Доп.точки доступа:
Gros, J.B.; Poughon, L.; Lasseur, C.; Tikhomirov, A.A.

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Tolerance of LSS plant component to elevated temperatures / S. A. Ushakova, A. A. Tikhomirov // Acta Astronautica. - 2002. - Vol. 50, Is. 12. - P759-764, DOI 10.1016/S0094-5765(02)00010-3 . - ISSN 0094-5765
Кл.слова (ненормированные):
Metabolism -- Photosynthesis -- Rate constants -- Thermal effects -- Thermoanalysis -- Thermal tolerance -- Life support systems (spacecraft) -- carbon dioxide -- adaptation -- article -- Brassicaceae -- comparative study -- heat -- instrumentation -- light -- metabolism -- microclimate -- photosynthesis -- physiology -- plant physiology -- wheat -- Adaptation, Physiological -- Brassicaceae -- Carbon Dioxide -- Ecological Systems, Closed -- Heat -- Life Support Systems -- Light -- Photosynthesis -- Plant Physiology -- Triticum
Аннотация: Stability of LSS based on biological regeneration of water, air and food subject to damaging factors is largely dependent on the behavior of the photosynthesizing component represented, mainly, by higher plants. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the tolerance of uneven-aged wheat and radish cenoses to temperature effects different in time and value. Estimation of thermal tolerance of plants demonstrated that exposure for 20 h to the temperature increasing to 45В°C brought about irreversible damage both in photosynthetic processes (up to 80% of initial value) and the processes of growth and development. Kinetics of visible photosynthesis during exposure to elevated temperatures can be used to evaluate critical exposure time within the range of which the damage of metabolic processes is reversible. With varying light intensity and air temperature it is possible to find a time period admissible for the plants to stay under adverse conditions without considerable damage of metabolic processes. В© 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.

Scopus
Держатели документа:
Institute of Biophysics (Russian Academy of Sciences, Siberian Branch) Academgorodok, 660036 Krasnoyarsk, Russian Federation : 660036, Красноярск, Академгородок, д. 50, стр. 50

Доп.точки доступа:
Ushakova, S.A.; Tikhomirov, A.A.

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An alternative approach to solar system exploration providing safety of human mission to Mars / J. I. Gitelson [et al.] // Advances in Space Research. - 2003. - Vol. 31, Is. 1. - P17-24, DOI 10.1016/S0273-1177(02)00657-9 . - ISSN 0273-1177
Кл.слова (ненормированные):
Health care -- Parameter estimation -- Planets -- Radiation -- Safety factor -- Mars exploration -- Solar system -- space technology -- Electricity -- Feasibility Studies -- Human Engineering -- Humans -- Life Support Systems -- Man-Machine Systems -- Mars -- Radiation Protection -- Robotics -- Safety -- Solar System -- Space Flight -- Spacecraft
Аннотация: For systematic human Mars exploration, meeting crew safety requirements, it seems perspective to assemble into a spacecraft: an electrical rocket, a well-shielded long-term life support system, and a manipulator-robots operating in combined "presence effect" and "master-slave" mode. The electrical spacecraft would carry humans to the orbit of Mars, providing short distance (and low signal time delay) between operator and robot-manipulators, which are landed on the surface of the planet. Long-term hybrid biological and physical/chemical LSS could provide environment supporting human health and well being. Robot-manipulators operating in "presence effect" and "master-slave" mode exclude necessity of human landing on Martian surface decreasing the level of risk for crew. Since crewmen would not have direct contact with the Martian environment then the problem of mutual biological protection is essentially reduced. Lightweight robot-manipulators, without heavy life support systems and without the necessity of returning to the mother vessel, could be sent as scouts to different places on the planet surface, scanning the most interesting for exobiological research site. Some approximate estimations of electric spacecraft, long-term hybrid LSS, radiation protection and mission parameters are conducted and discussed. В© 2002 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.

Scopus
Держатели документа:
Institute of Biophysics, Siberian Branch Russian Acad. Sci., Krasnoyarsk, 660036, Russian Federation : 660036, Красноярск, Академгородок, д. 50, стр. 50

Доп.точки доступа:
Gitelson, J.I.; Bartsev, S.I.; Mezhevikin, V.V.; Okhonin, V.A.

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Perspectives of different type biological life support systems (BLSS) usage in space missions / S. I. Bartsev [et al.] // Acta Astronautica. - 1996. - Vol. 39, Is. 8. - P617-622, DOI 10.1016/S0094-5765(97)00012-X . - ISSN 0094-5765
Кл.слова (ненормированные):
article -- bacterium -- comparative study -- construction work and architectural phenomena -- environmental planning -- green alga -- human -- instrumentation -- mathematics -- microclimate -- moon -- plant -- quality of life -- space flight -- standard -- weightlessness -- Algae, Green -- Bacteria -- Ecological Systems, Closed -- Environment Design -- Environment, Controlled -- Facility Design and Construction -- Humans -- Life Support Systems -- Mathematics -- Moon -- Plants -- Quality of Life -- Space Flight -- Weightlessness -- Biology -- Life support systems (spacecraft) -- Spreadsheets -- Biological life support systems (BLSS) -- Lunar missions
Аннотация: In the paper an attempt is made to combine three important criteria of LSS comparison: minimum mass, maximum safety and maximum quality of life. Well-known types of BLSS were considered: with higher plant, higher plants and mushrooms, microalgae, and hydrogen-oxidizing bacteria. These BLSSs were compared in terms of "integrated" mass for the case of a vegetarian diet and a "normal" one (with animal proteins and fats). It was shown that the BLSS with higher plants and incineration of wastes becomes the best when the exploitation period is more than 1 yr. The dependence of higher plants' LSS structure on operation time was found. Comparison of BLSSs in terms of integral reliability (this criterion includes mass and quality of life criteria) for a lunar base scenario showed that BLSSs with higher plants are advantageous in reliability and comfort. This comparison was made for achieved level of technology of closing and for perspective one. В© 1997 Elsevier Science Ltd.

Scopus
Держатели документа:
Biophys. Inst. of SB RAS, Krasnoyarsk, 660036, Russian Federation : 660036, Красноярск, Академгородок, д. 50, стр. 50

Доп.точки доступа:
Bartsev, S.I.; Gitelson, J.I.; Lisovsky, G.M.; Mezhevikin, V.V.; Okhonin, V.A.

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10.

Biological life-support systems for Mars mission / J. I. Gitelson // Advances in Space Research. - 1992. - Vol. 12, Is. 5. - P167-192 . - ISSN 0273-1177
Кл.слова (ненормированные):
air conditioning -- Alcaligenes -- article -- astronomy -- biomass -- Chlorella -- classification -- comparative study -- equipment design -- human -- instrumentation -- microclimate -- plant -- solar energy -- space flight -- waste management -- water management -- Air Conditioning -- Alcaligenes -- Biomass -- Chlorella -- Ecological Systems, Closed -- Equipment Design -- Humans -- Life Support Systems -- Mars -- Plants -- Solar Energy -- Space Flight -- Spacecraft -- Waste Management -- Water Purification
Аннотация: Mars mission like the Lunar base is the first venture to maintain human life beyond earth biosphere. So far, all manned space missions including the longest ones used stocked reserves and can not be considered egress from biosphere. В© 1991.

Scopus
Держатели документа:
Institute of Biophysics, U.S.S.R. Academy, Sciences Siberian Branch, Krasnoyarsk, 660036, Russian Federation : 660036, Красноярск, Академгородок, д. 50, стр. 50

Доп.точки доступа:
Gitelson, J.I.

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11.

Functional, regulatory and indicator features of microorganisms in man-made ecosystems / L. A. Somova, N. S. Pechurkin // Advances in Space Research. - 2001. - Vol. 27, Is. 9. - P1563-1570, DOI 10.1016/S0273-1177(01)00247-2 . - ISSN 0273-1177
Кл.слова (ненормированные):
Biomass -- Carbon dioxide -- Ecosystems -- Life support systems (spacecraft) -- Photosynthesis -- Sewage treatment -- Soils -- Human microfloras -- Microorganisms -- carbon -- carbon dioxide -- artificial ecosystem -- article -- biomass -- bioreactor -- ecosystem -- human -- intestine -- metabolism -- microbiology -- microclimate -- plant root -- sewage -- wheat -- Biomass -- Bioreactors -- Carbon -- Carbon Dioxide -- Ecological Systems, Closed -- Ecosystem -- Environmental Microbiology -- Humans -- Intestines -- Life Support Systems -- Plant Roots -- Sewage -- Triticum -- Waste Disposal, Fluid
Аннотация: Functional, regulatory and indicator features of microorganisms in development and functioning of the systems and sustaining stability of three man-made ecosystem types has been studied. 1) The functional (metabolic) feature was studied in aquatic ecosystems of biological treatment of sewage waters for the reducer component. 2) The regulatory feature of bacteria for plants (producer component) was studied in simple terrestrial systems "wheat plants-rhizospheric microorganisms - artificial soil" where the behavior of the system varied with activity of the microbial component. For example with atmospheric carbon dioxide content elevated microbes promote intensification of photosynthesis processes, without binding the carbon in the plant biomass. 3) The indicator feature for the humans (consumer component) was studied in Life Support Systems (LSS). High sensitivity of human microflora to system conditions allowed its use as an indicator of the state of both system components and the entire ecosystem. В© 2001 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.

Scopus
Держатели документа:
Institute of Biophysics, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Akademgorodok, Krasnoyarsk, Russian Federation : 660036, Красноярск, Академгородок, д. 50, стр. 50

Доп.точки доступа:
Somova, L.A.; Pechurkin, N.S.

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12.

Material balance and diet in bioregenerative life support systems: Connection with coefficient of closure / N. S. Manukovsky [et al.] // Advances in Space Research. - 2005. - Vol. 35, Is. 9 SPEC. ISS. - P1563-1569, DOI 10.1016/j.asr.2005.01.002 . - ISSN 0273-1177
Кл.слова (ненормированные):
Bioregenerative life support system -- Coefficient of closure -- Diet -- Soil-like substrate -- Additives -- Degradation -- Materials balance -- Nitrogen -- Nutrition -- Stoichiometry -- Bioregenerative life support systems -- Coefficient of closure -- Soil-like substrates -- Life support systems (spacecraft) -- vegetable protein -- biomass -- conference paper -- culture medium -- diet -- feces -- growth, development and aging -- human -- methodology -- microclimate -- plant -- urine -- waste management -- Biomass -- Culture Media -- Diet -- Ecological Systems, Closed -- Feces -- Humans -- Life Support Systems -- Plant Proteins -- Plants, Edible -- Urine -- Waste Management
Аннотация: Bioregenerative life support systems (BLSS) with different coefficients of closure are considered. The 66.2% coefficient of closure achieved in "BIOS-3" facility experiments has been taken as a base value. The increase in coefficient of closure up to 72.6-93.0% is planned due to use of soil-like substrate (SLS) and concentrating of urine. Food values were estimated both in a base variant ("BIOS-3"), and with increases in the coefficient of closure. It is shown that food requirements will be more fully satisfied by internal crop production with an increase in the coefficient of closure of the BLSS. Changes of massflow rates on an 'input-output' and inside BLSS are considered. Equations of synthesis and degradation of organic substances in BLSS were examined using a stoichiometric model. The paper shows that at incomplete closure of BLSS containing SLS there is a problem of nitrogen balancing. To compensate for the removal of nitrogen from the system in urine and feces, it is necessary to introduce food and a nitrogen-containing additive. В© 2005 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Scopus
Держатели документа:
Institute of Biophysics, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Academgorodok, 660036 Krasnoyarsk, Russian Federation : 660036, Красноярск, Академгородок, д. 50, стр. 50

Доп.точки доступа:
Manukovsky, N.S.; Kovalev, V.S.; Somova, L.A.; Gurevich, Yu.L.; Sadovsky, M.G.

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13.

Long-term experiments on man's stay in biological life-support system / I. I. Gitelson [et al.] // Advances in Space Research. - 1989. - Vol. 9, Is. 8. - P65-71 . - ISSN 0273-1177
Кл.слова (ненормированные):
Agricultural Products -- Ecosystems -- Food Products -- Personnel - Health -- Space Flight - Manned Flight -- BIOS-3 Complex -- Phytotrons -- Spacecraft -- water -- air conditioning -- article -- biomass -- crop -- evaluation -- growth, development and aging -- human -- instrumentation -- light -- metabolism -- methodology -- microclimate -- photosynthesis -- plant -- waste management -- wheat -- Air Conditioning -- Biomass -- Crops, Agricultural -- Ecological Systems, Closed -- Evaluation Studies -- Humans -- Life Support Systems -- Light -- Photosynthesis -- Plants -- Triticum -- Waste Management -- Water
Аннотация: We describe the experimental system having maximal possible closure of material recycling in an ecosystem, including people and plants, which was carried out in a hermetically sealed experimental complex "BIOS-3", 315 m2 in volume. The system included 2 experimentators and 3 phytotrons with plants (total sowing area of 63 m2). Plants were grown with round-the-clock lamp irradiation with 130 Wm-2 PAR intensity. The plants production was food for people. Water exchange of ecosystem, as well as gas exchange, was fully closed excluding liquids and gas samples taken for chemical analysis outside the system. The total closure of material turnover constituted 91%. Health state of the crew was estimated before, during and after the experiment. A 5-months period did not affect their health. The experiments carried out prove that the closed ecosystem of "man-plants" is a prototype of a life-support system for long-term space expeditions. В© 1989.

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Держатели документа:
Institute of Biophysics, U.S.S.R. Academy of Sciences, Siberian Branch, Krasnoyarsk, 600366, Russian Federation : 660036, Красноярск, Академгородок, д. 50, стр. 50

Доп.точки доступа:
Gitelson, I.I.; Terskov, I.A.; Kovrov, B.G.; Lisovskii, G.M.; Okladnikov, Yu.N.; Sid'ko, F.Ya.; Trubachev, I.N.; Shilenko, M.P.; Alekseev, S.S.; Pan'kova, I.M.; Tirranen, L.S.

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14.

Life support system with autonomous control employing plant photosynthesis / I. I. Gitelson [et al.] // Acta Astronautica. - 1976. - Vol. 3, Is. 9-10. - P633-650 . - ISSN 0094-5765
Кл.слова (ненормированные):
BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Photosynthesis -- SPACECRAFT -- adaptation -- article -- Chlorella -- growth, development and aging -- human -- instrumentation -- intestine -- male -- metabolism -- microbiology -- microclimate -- photosynthesis -- physiology -- plant -- space flight -- task performance -- vegetable -- water supply -- wheat -- Adaptation, Physiological -- Chlorella -- Ecological Systems, Closed -- Environment, Controlled -- Humans -- Intestines -- Life Support Systems -- Male -- Metabolism -- Photosynthesis -- Plants -- Space Simulation -- Task Performance and Analysis -- Triticum -- Vegetables -- Water Supply
Аннотация: This research was aimed at obtaining a closed control system. This was achieved by placing all the technological processes providing for human vital activities within the hermetically sealed space, and by transferring the entire control and guidance of these processes to people inhabiting the system. In contrast to existing biological life support systems, man has been included not only as a participant of metabolism, but as an operator who is the central figure in collecting information, making decisions and controlling all technological processes. To tackle this problem, the "BIOS-3" experimental complex was created for performing long-term experiments using different structures of biological life-support system. The experiment lasted six months and consisted of three stages. During the first stage the system was comprised of two equivalent phytotrons with the culture of wheat and an assortment of vegetable plants, and the living compartment. At the second stage, one of the phytotrons was removed while a compartment of chlorella cultivators was introduced. The third stage differed from the second, the former using wheat phytotron and the latter employing phytotron with an assortment of vegetable cultures. Three men inhabited the system simultaneously. The experiment demonstrated that a biological life support system controlled autonomously from the inside is feasible within a small confined space. However, immunological and microbiological research shows, that the medium created by the system is not fully adequate for man. In conclusion, some prospects have been outlined for further studies of biological life support systems. В© 1976.

Scopus
Держатели документа:
L. V. Kirensky Physics Institute, Siberian Branch, USSR Academy of Sciences, Krasnoyarsk, Russian Federation : 660036, Красноярск, Академгородок, д. 50, стр. 50

Доп.точки доступа:
Gitelson, I.I.; Terskov, I.A.; Kovrov, B.G.; Sidko, F.Ya.; Lisovsky, G.M.; Okladnikov, Yu.N.; Belyanin, V.N.; Trubachov, I.N.; Rerberg, M.S.

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15.

An alternative approach to solar system exploration providing safety of human mission to Mars [Text] / J. I. Gitelson [et al.] ; ed.: G Horneck, ME Vazquez, Vazquez, ME // SPACE LIFE SCIENCES: MISSIONS TO MARS, RADIATION BIOLOGY, AND PLANTS AS A FOUNDATION FOR LONG-TERM LIFE SUPPORT SYSTEMS IN SPACE. Ser. ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH : PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD, 2003. - Vol. 31: F0 1 and F1 3-F2 3 Symposia of COSPAR Scientific Commission F held at the 33rd COSPAR Scientific Assembly (JUL, 2000, WARSAW, POLAND), Is. 1. - P. 17-24, DOI 10.1016/S0273-1177(02)00657-9. - Cited References: 8 . - ISBN 0273-1177

РУБ Engineering, Aerospace + Astronomy & Astrophysics + Geosciences, Multidisciplinary + Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Рубрики:
SPACE
Аннотация: For systematic human Mars exploration, meeting crew safety requirements, it seems perspective to assemble into a spacecraft: an electrical rocket, a well-shielded long-term life support system, and a manipulator-robots operating in combined "presence effect" and "master-slave" mode. The electrical spacecraft would carry humans to the orbit of Mars, providing short distance (and low signal time delay) between operator and robot-manipulators, which are landed on the surface of the planet. Long-term hybrid biological and physical/chemical LSS could provide environment supporting human health and well being. Robot-manipulators operating in "presence effect" and "master-slave" mode exclude necessity of human landing on Martian surface decreasing the level of risk for crew. Since crewmen would not have direct contact with the Martian environment then the problem of mutual biological protection is essentially reduced. Lightweight robot-manipulators, without heavy life support systems and without the necessity of returning to the mother vessel, could be sent as scouts to different places on the planet surface, scanning the most interesting for exobiological research site. Some approximate estimations of electric spacecraft, long-term hybrid LSS, radiation protection and mission parameters are conducted and discussed. (C) 2002 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.

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Держатели документа:
Russian Acad Sci, Siberian Branch, Inst Biophys, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia
ИБФ СО РАН : 660036, Красноярск, Академгородок, д. 50, стр. 50

Доп.точки доступа:
Gitelson, J.I.; Bartsev, S.I.; Mezhevikin, V.V.; Okhonin, V.A.; Horneck, G \ed.\; Vazquez, ME \ed.\

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16.

Production and characterization of bioaerosols for model validation in spacecraft environment / A. Salmela [et al.] // J. Environ. Sci. - 2018. - Vol. 69. - P227-238, DOI 10.1016/j.jes.2017.10.016. - Cited References:28. - The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Union Seventh Framework Programme (FP/2007-2013) under grant agreement number 263076 within the BIOSMHARS Project (BIO contamination Specific Modeling in Habitats Related to Space). . - ISSN 1001-0742. - ISSN 1878-7320

РУБ Environmental Sciences
Рубрики:
INDOOR AIR
   MICROBIAL-CONTAMINATION
   BUILDING-MATERIALS
   FUNGAL
Кл.слова (ненормированные):
Bioaerosol -- Modeling -- CFD -- Spacecraft -- Fungi -- Bacteria
Аннотация: This study aimed to evaluate the suitability of two bioaerosol generation systems (dry and wet generation) for the aerosolization of microorganisms isolated from the International Space Station, and to calibrate the produced bioaerosols to fulfill the requirements of computational fluid dynamics model (CFD) validation. Concentration, stability, size distribution, agglomeration of generated bioaerosol and deposition of bioaerosols were analyzed. In addition, the dispersion of non-viable particles in the air was studied. Experiments proved that wet generation from microbial suspensions could be used for the production of well-calibrated and stabile bioaerosols for model validation. For the simulation of the natural release of fungal spores, a dry generation method should be used. This study showed that the used CFD model simulated the spread of non-viable particles fairly well. The mathematical deposition model by Lai and Nazaroff could be used to estimate the deposition velocities of bioaerosols on surfaces, although it somewhat underestimated the measured deposition velocities. (c) 2017 The Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Published by Elsevier B.V.

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Держатели документа:
Univ Eastern Finland, Dept Environm & Biol Sci, POB 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland.
VTT Ltd, POB 1300, FI-33100 Tampere, Finland.
Belgian Nucl Res Ctr, Microbiol Unit, B-2400 Mol, Belgium.
Inst Med & Physiol Spatiales, BP 74404, F-31405 Toulouse, France.
Inst Biomed Problems, 76-A Khoroshev Skoye Shosse, RU-123007 Moscow, Russia.
RAS, Inst Biophys SB, RU-660036 Krasnoyarsk, Russia.

Доп.точки доступа:
Salmela, Anniina; Kokkonen, Eero; Kulmala, Ilpo; Veijalainen, Anna-Maria; van Houdt, Rob; Leys, Natalie; Berthier, Audrey; Viacheslav, Ilyin; Kharin, Sergey; Morozova, Julia; Tikhomirov, Alexander; Pasanen, Pertti; Van, Rob; European Union [263076]

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17.

Establishing cycling processes in an experimental model of a closed ecosystem / A. Tikhomirov [et al.] // . - 2018, DOI 10.1016/j.actaastro.2018.08.023 . - ISSN 0094-5765
Кл.слова (ненормированные):
Cycling -- Experimental model of the closed ecosystem -- Oxidation of human and plant wastes -- Plant productivity -- Carbon dioxide -- Cultivation -- Ecosystems -- Life support systems (spacecraft) -- Closed ecological systems -- Cycling -- Expanded clay aggregates -- Experimental modeling -- Photosynthetic activity -- Plant productivity -- Plant wastes -- Terrestrial application -- Plant shutdowns
Аннотация: The purpose of this study was to investigate mass exchange processes in the experimental model of a closed ecological system intended for an estimated portion of a human in the long-duration (several-month) experiment. The diversity of the vegetable crop community in the system was increased, human wastes were involved in mass exchange processes, and human respiration was periodically connected to the system. The system has been designed to test different prospective technologies for future closed life support systems intended for prolonged autonomous operation in space and terrestrial applications. Three methods of plant cultivation in the conveyer mode have been used: hydroponics on expanded clay aggregate, growing plants on the soil-like substrate, and plant cultivation in aquaculture. The technology of more effective oxidation of organic wastes in a physicochemical processing reactor has been developed. A human exhaled the air into the system and consumed the air from the system. O2 concentration did not drop below 20.8% and did not rise above 22.6%. CO2 concentration varied between 800 ppm and 2500 ppm. Plants growing under this CO2 range at a preset light irradiance showed optimal photosynthetic activity. The closure coefficients for Ca, Mg, S, N, K and P were above 90%. However, compared with the inflow, only 55% Ca, about 80% Mg, and 75% Na and P were removed from the system. The technological processes developed in this study will need to be modified and improved before they can be used in a full-scale closed biotechnical life support system intended for prolonged operation. © 2018 IAA

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Держатели документа:
Institute of Biophysics SB RAS, Federal Research Center “Krasnoyarsk Science Center SB RAS”, 50/50, Akademgorodok, Krasnoyarsk, 660036, Russian Federation

Доп.точки доступа:
Tikhomirov, A.; Ushakova, S.; Tikhomirova, N.; Velichko, V.; Trifonov, S.; Anishchenko, O.

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18.

Feasibility of incorporating all products of human waste processing into material cycling in the btlss / Ye. A. Morozov [et al.] // Proceedings of the International Astronautical Congress, IAC. - 2017. - Vol. 4: 68th International Astronautical Congress: Unlocking Imagination, Fostering Innovation and Strengthening Security, IAC 2017 (25 September 2017 through 29 September 2017, ) Conference code: 136635. - P2143-2149
Кл.слова (ненормированные):
BTLSS -- Closure -- Cycling -- Hydroponics -- Nutrient availability -- Sediment -- Dissolution -- Energy efficiency -- Irrigation -- Life support systems (spacecraft) -- Plant shutdowns -- Sediments -- Space applications -- Waste incineration -- BTLSS -- Closure -- Cycling -- Hydroponics -- Nutrient availability -- Nutrients
Аннотация: The present study addresses the ways to increase the closure of biotechnical life support systems (BTLSS) for space applications. A promising method of organic waste processing based on wet combustion in hydrogen peroxide developed at the IBP SB RAS to produce fertilizers for higher plants is discussed. The method is relatively compact, energy efficient, productive, and eco-friendly. However, about 4-6 g/L of recalcitrant sediment containing such essential nutrients as Ca, Mg, P, Fe, Cu, Mn, and Zn precipitates after the initial process. These elements are unavailable to plants grown hydroponically, thus dropping out of the cycling as deadlock products. Possible methods of dissolving that sediment have been studied. Results of experiments show that the most promising method is additional oxidation of the sediment in HNO3 + H2O2. By using the new technological process, which only involves substances synthesized inside the BTLSS material flows, more than 90% of each nutrient can be converted into the available form in irrigation solutions, thus returning them into the material cycling. The efficiency of irrigation solutions beneficiated with the mineral nutrients after the sediment dissolution has been shown. Lettuce plants grown as the test object on the newly prepared irrigation solutions produced the yield that was higher more than twice compared to the nutrient solutions prepared without the sediment conversion into a soluble state. Composition of the gases emitted during this process has been analysed. Dynamics of oxidation of small fractions of a wax-like sediment remaining after its dissolution in the BTLSS soil-like substrate has been studied. In conclusion, the entire technological chain aimed at inclusion of deadlock products of human waste wet combustion into the BTLSS cycling has been suggested and discussed. © 2017 by the International Astronautical Federation (IAF). All rights reserved.

Scopus
Держатели документа:
Institute of Biophysics SB RAS, Federal Research Center, Krasnoyarsk Science Center SB RAS, 50/50 Akademgorodok, Krasnoyarsk, 660036, Russian Federation
Reshetnev Siberian State University of Science and Technology, 31 "Krasnoyarskiy Rabochiy" Ave., Krasnoyarsk, 660037, Russian Federation

Доп.точки доступа:
Morozov, Ye. A.; Trifonov, S. V.; Ushakova, S. A.; Anishchenko, O. V.; Tikhomirov, A. A.

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19.

Developing the technology of physicochemical processing of organic waste in closed life support systems for space applications / A. A. Tikhomirov, S. V. Trifonov, E. A. Morozov // IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering : Institute of Physics Publishing, 2018. - Vol. 450: 9th International Multidisciplinary Scientific and Research Conference on Modern Issues in Science and Technology Workshop in Advanced Technologies in Aerospace, Mechanical and Automation Engineering, MISTAerospace 2018 (20 October 2018 through 28 October 2018, ) Conference code: 143027, Is. 6, DOI 10.1088/1757-899X/450/6/062017
Кл.слова (ненормированные):
Electric fields -- Environmental management -- Fighter aircraft -- Life support systems (spacecraft) -- Mass transfer -- Space applications -- Structural design -- Wastes -- Alternating current -- Combustion method -- Individual components -- Mineral nutrients -- Optimal parameter -- Physicochemical methods -- Technical implementation -- Waste processing -- Waste incineration
Аннотация: Closed life support systems for space applications need a technology of processing organic waste produced in the system that would enable incorporating the recycled waste into the mass transfer of the system. Researchers of the Institute of Biophysics SB RAS have developed a method of waste processing that meets these requirements: a physicochemical method of organic waste oxidation in the hydrogen peroxide aqueous solution under application of an alternating current electric field - wet combustion. The mineralized solution produced by this method can be used as a mineral nutrient supplement for higher plants in the life support system. The present study describes technical implementation of the wet combustion method and reports results of developing this method in the last few years. The study addresses problems associated with the design and positions of individual components and different configurations of the wet combustion reactor, showing the way to automate operation of the reactor and reporting optimal parameters of the current applied to the electrodes, which reduce time and power consumption by waste processing. © 2018 Institute of Physics Publishing. All rights reserved.

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Держатели документа:
Institute of Biophysics SB RAS, Federal Research Center, Krasnoyarsk Science Center SB RAS, Krasnoyarsk, Akademgorodok, 660036, Russian Federation
Reshetnev Siberian State University of Science and Technology, 31 Krasnoyarskiy Rabochiy pr., Krasnoyarsk, 660037, Russian Federation

Доп.точки доступа:
Tikhomirov, A. A.; Trifonov, S. V.; Morozov, E. A.

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20.

Features choice of light sources for bio-technical life support systems for space applications / A. A. Tikhomirov, S. A. Ushakova, V. N. Shikhov // Light Eng. - 2018. - Vol. 26, Is. 4. - P117-121 . - ISSN 0236-2945
Кл.слова (ненормированные):
LED lamps -- LEDs -- Life support systems -- Light sources -- Light spectral composition -- Light emitting diodes -- Light sources -- Space applications -- Action spectra -- Artificial light source -- LEd lamps -- LED light source -- Spectral composition -- Spectral curves -- Spectral efficiencies -- Technical systems -- Life support systems (spacecraft)
Аннотация: The historical aspects and prospects of the use of artificial light sources in the biological and technical systems of life support for space applications are considered. According to the given data, the most promising for such systems are LED light sources. Based on the results of photobiological studies it is shown that radiation, perceived by a man as white, in his spectral efficiency unreliable differs from radiation, a spectral curve similar to the average action spectrum of photosynthesis the green sheet (“Phyto”). In accordance with this, the possibility of choosing either a phyto spectrum or a spectrum close to the equal energy for the cultivation of plants in life support systems is justified. © 2018, LLC Editorial of Journal Light Technik. All rights reserved.

Scopus
Держатели документа:
Institute of Biophysics SB RAS, Krasnoyarsk, Russian Federation

Доп.точки доступа:
Tikhomirov, A. A.; Ushakova, S. A.; Shikhov, V. N.

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