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Principle of the worst scenario in the modelling past and future of biosphere dynamics / S. I. Bartsev, A. G. Degermendzhi, D. V. Erokhin // Ecological Modelling. - 2008. - Vol. 216, Is. 2. - P160-171, DOI 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2008.03.002 . - ISSN 0304-3800
Кл.слова (ненормированные):
Irreversible biosphere changes -- Minimal model of biosphere -- The worst scenario principle -- Biospherics -- agricultural land -- anthropogenic effect -- atmosphere-biosphere interaction -- carbon dioxide -- deforestation -- Little Ice Age -- numerical model -- Eurasia -- Europe
Аннотация: The "biosphere-climate" system is subjected to different influences (influx of anthropogenic CO2 and pollutants, deforestation, harmful land management, biological species depopulation, etc.). Therefore, the vital question arises: "Can these influences lead to irreversible negative changes in the climate-biosphere system or a global ecological catastrophe?" The possibility of irreversible changes may be not very high, but one cannot ignore it. So the main aim of our investigation is to evaluate possible consequences of human impact on the biosphere focusing on irreversible changes of it. Traditional mathematical complicated models describe the biosphere in great detail, but the large number of equations and parameters leads to accumulation of uncertainties in the forecast due to inevitable uncertainties of experimental estimations of model parameters. An approach based on the principle of the worst scenario was proposed. Minimization of mathematical model with respect to this principle is conducted to study limiting (but possible) versions of models in which the contribution of the possible compensatory and smoothing mechanisms is minimal. Namely the most unfavorable scenarios (corresponding to the values of parameters at the boundaries of confidence interval) have to be considered in estimating consequences of anthropogenic impact. One of the fastest CO2 releasing mechanisms, based on the positive feedback effect, was considered in the context of the worst scenario principle. The family of simple mathematical models was created for biosphere dynamics representation on different timescales. The main result of the investigation consists in confirmation of the possibility of negative and irreversible changes in the "biosphere-climate" system, caused by amplification of the positive feedback: "anthropogenic emission of CO2 - temperature increase - additional CO2 emission due to decomposition of soil organics". Crucial parameters of models, responsible for avalanche-like biosphere changes, are determined. A realizability of hypotheses on anthropogenic causes of Little Ice Age was estimated by corresponding minimal model. Model were used to show the feasibility of the mechanism describing the changing of agricultural field species into indigenous forests in Europe during the Plague, which led to CO2 decrease and temperature fall. В© 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Scopus
Держатели документа:
Institute of Biophysics SB RAS, Krasnoyarsk, Russian Federation : 660036, Красноярск, Академгородок, д. 50, стр. 50

Доп.точки доступа:
Bartsev, S.I.; Degermendzhi, A.G.; Erokhin, D.V.

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Global minimal model of perennial dynamics of carbon in biosphere / S. I. Bartsev, A. G. Degermendzhi, D. V. Erokhin // Doklady Akademii Nauk. - 2005. - Vol. 401, Is. 2. - С. 233-237 . - ISSN 0869-5652
Кл.слова (ненормированные):
Atmospheric temperature -- Carbon -- Climatology -- Ecology -- Greenhouse effect -- Thermal effects -- Biosphere -- Carbon perennial dynamics -- Biology
Аннотация: The suggested model is not intended for describing most probable biosphere dynamics but only for estimating the possibility of catastrophic variant of biosphere dynamics development at antropogenic CO2 emission into atmosphere due to different temperature dependences for key biological biosphere component growth. The main result is demonstration of the possibility of irreversible climate changes and biosphere destruction resulting from interaction of biological processes with greenhouse effect.

Scopus
Держатели документа:
Inst. Biofiziki SO RAN, Krasnoyarsk, Russian Federation : 660036, Красноярск, Академгородок, д. 50, стр. 50

Доп.точки доступа:
Bartsev, S.I.; Degermendzhi, A.G.; Erokhin, D.V.

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A study of backscattered spectra dynamics of agricultural crops during growth period on the territory of the Krasnoyarskii Krai (Russia) / I. Yu. Pugacheva, A. F. Sid'ko, A. P. Shevyrnogov // Advances in Space Research. - 2010. - Vol. 45, Is. 10. - P1224-1230, DOI 10.1016/j.asr.2009.11.020 . - ISSN 0273-1177
Кл.слова (ненормированные):
Barley -- Oats -- Spectral brightness coefficients -- Spectral reflectance -- Wheat -- Agricultural crops -- Back-scattered -- Data base -- Ecological state -- Field ground -- Growth period -- Optical thickness -- Satellite data -- Seasonal dynamics -- Space image -- Spatial distribution -- Species composition -- Spectral brightness -- Spectral curves -- Spectral differences -- Spectral reflectances -- Underlying surface -- Reflection -- Size distribution -- Crops
Аннотация: The work presents the results of the study aimed at determining the seasonal dynamics of the spectral brightness and reflectance of agricultural crops (wheat, barley and oats) in the Krasnoyarskii Krai (Russia). The analysis of spectral curves obtained through field ground measurements and from satellite data showed that fine spectral differences can be used to study the spatial distribution of various types of vegetation and their ecological state. Based on the created electronic spectral brightness data base, the possibilities are shown of using spectrophotometric information for determining morphophysiological changes occurring in the plants and their species composition. The determined contrasts can be effectively used to obtain necessary information while processing space images, which suffer from natural interferences (varying optical thickness of the atmosphere, cloudiness, alterations in the scanner's angle of view, varying solar height, and highly inhomogeneous underlying surface). В© 2010 COSPAR.

Scopus
Держатели документа:
Institute of Biophysics, SB RAS, 50-50 Akademgorodok, Krasnoyarsk, Russian Federation : 660036, Красноярск, Академгородок, д. 50, стр. 50

Доп.точки доступа:
Pugacheva, I.Yu.; Sid'ko, A.F.; Shevyrnogov, A.P.

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Spatial and temporal anomalies of sea surface temperature in global scale (by space-based data) / A. Shevyrnogov, G. Vysotskaya, E. Shevyrnogov // Advances in Space Research. - 2004. - Vol. 33, Is. 7. - P1179-1183, DOI 10.1016/S0273-1177(03)00369-7 . - ISSN 0273-1177
Кл.слова (ненормированные):
Anomalies -- Chlorophyll -- Hydrological structure -- Space-based data -- Temperature -- Chlorophyll -- Data reduction -- Oceanography -- Satellites -- Surface properties -- Temperature measurement -- Satellite images -- Spatial distribution -- Space research -- AVHRR -- chlorophyll -- remote sensing -- satellite imagery -- sea surface temperature
Аннотация: The work presents the data on the spatial distribution of temperature anomalies in the Global Ocean, based on the long-term measurements with the AVHRR satellite equipment. It is noteworthy that such results can be only obtained by using long time series of satellite images. To obtain them by ship-borne methods is actually impossible. The proposed anomaly criterion is equal to a difference between minimum/maximum and average temperature, normed for the mean square deviation. The difference is calculated from the whole time series (with regard to a season). Based on this criterion, anomalies can be distinguished on the background of usual seasonal dynamics at various absolute values of deviations of the measured parameter. Besides, rare, single, fluctuations can be also revealed. Based on the proposed criterion, connected zones have been defined. These zones occur almost in every part of the Global Ocean. The data obtained have been analyzed in association with the CZCS (1978-1986) and SeaWiFS satellite images in order to compare them with the areas of anomalous dynamics of chlorophyll concentration and the regions quasistationary in the seasonal dynamics of chlorophyll. Anomalies in the temperature dynamics are of exceptional importance for the formation of climatic deviations; they affect the ocean-atmosphere interaction and reflect variations in the hydrological structure of the surface waters. The work presents a comparison with the dynamics of chlorophyll concentration distribution determined from the SeaWiFS data for the Atlantic Ocean. В© 2003 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Scopus
Держатели документа:
Institute of Biophysics of SB RAS, Krasnoyarsk, Akademgorodok 660036, Russian Federation
Inst Comp Modeling of SB RAS, Krasnoyarsk, Akademgorodok 660036, Russian Federation : 660036, Красноярск, Академгородок, д. 50, стр. 50

Доп.точки доступа:
Shevyrnogov, A.; Vysotskaya, G.; Shevyrnogov, E.

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Trends of chlorophyll concentration in the surface layer of the Northern and Central Atlantic, a satellite data-based study / A. Shevyrnogov, G. Vysotskaya, E. Shevyrnogov // Advances in Space Research. - 2002. - Vol. 30, Is. 11. - P2535-2540, DOI 10.1016/S0273-1177(02)80332-5 . - ISSN 0273-1177
Кл.слова (ненормированные):
Chlorophyll -- Climatology -- Data reduction -- Ocean engineering -- Satellites -- Surface properties -- Chlorophyll concentration -- Space research -- chlorophyll -- pigment -- remote sensing -- seasonality -- surface water -- Atlantic Ocean
Аннотация: The new data on anomalies in seasonal dynamics of chlorophyll concentration in the ocean have altered the approach to the analysis of long-term trends of phytopigments in the surface layer of the ocean. Zones have been found in which at various times there was a many-fold increase in chlorophyll concentration versus its usual level. These changes are local in time and space. If anomalies in the long-term tendencies in the change of phytopigment surface distribution in the ocean are ignored in the analysis, the resulting picture will inadequately reflect the real processes. The work presents the results of the analysis of long-term trends of chlorophyll concentration on the basis of the CZCS satellite data in the Atlantic Ocean. The results are given as maps representing different variants of trends. The data obtained can be used to analyze the consequences of long-term changes of climate and changes in the interaction between the atmosphere and the ocean. В©2002 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.

Scopus
Держатели документа:
Institute of Biophysics of SB RAS, Krasnoyarsk, Russian Federation
Inst. of Comp. Modelling of SB RAS, Krasnoyarsk, Russian Federation : 660036, Красноярск, Академгородок, д. 50, стр. 50

Доп.точки доступа:
Shevyrnogov, A.; Vysotskaya, G.; Shevyrnogov, E.

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The possible way of introducing mineral elements of liquid human wastes into the material cycle in biological life support systems / A. A. Tikhomirov [et al.] // International Astronautical Federation - 55th International Astronautical Congress 2004. - 2004. - Vol. 3: International Astronautical Federation - 55th International Astronautical Congress 2004 (4 October 2004 through 8 October 2004, Vancouver) Conference code: 69653. - P1442-1448
Кл.слова (ненормированные):
Biomass -- Body fluids -- Hydrogen peroxide -- Life support systems (spacecraft) -- Solid wastes -- Biological life support systems -- Intrasystem material cycle -- Liquid human wastes -- Plant biomass -- Waste management
Аннотация: Along with the atmosphere, water and food regeneration processes in biological life support systems it is important to provide units and links responsible for utilization of unused plant biomass, human wastes and returning, if possible, the most of wastes into the intrasystem material cycle. The experience on construction of biological life support systems (BLSS) gained by the Institute of Biophysics SB RAS (Krasnoyarsk, Russia) allows us to suggest constructing an integrated biological-physical-chemical life support system with the biological unit predominating. It is possibly to partially mineralize urine and solid wastes by "wet incineration" by hydrogen peroxide in electric field. We suggest decomposing urea by a urease-enzymatic method using soybean or canavalia flour containing sufficient amount of urease. Consumption of 1.5 g of flour for decomposition of urea in daily urine and the possibility of producing flour from soybeans and canavalia grown inside the system make this method of urea decomposition rather prospective. Further ammonia distillation using the nitrification unit and evaporation of solution would make possible to return nitrogen and water back into the intrasystem cycle. Probably, in long-duration space expeditions the utilization of urine would be confined only by extraction of nitrogen and water from urine with further removal of dry residue to the stock, as the problem of returning sodium chloride into the intrasystem cycling has not been solved yet. As all biogenic elements contained in urine (except nitrogen) get lost at that, the solution of the problem with introducing NaCl and mineral elements into the cycle with the help of halophyte plants Salicornia europaea are of sufficient interest. This work presents the experimental results of growing Salicornia europaea on model solutions containing biogenic elements in the amounts equivalent to their content in urine and on urine, which undergone physically-chemically treatment by peroxide and ammonia distillation after urease-enzymatic decomposition. Taking into consideration that the mineral elements content in urine can vary, 2 variants of model solutions were used. In the first variant the content of P was 8-fold, S - 7-fold, K - 8-fold higher than in Knop's solution; the content of Ca and Mg almost complied with that in Knop's solution. In the variant P was 12-fold, S - 17-fold, K - 17-fold, Ca - 6-fold and Mg was 8-fold higher than in Knop's solution. The content of N and NaCl in both variants was the same and constituted 0.18 g/l and 10 g/l respectively. The results of carried experiments showed that growing plants on urine treated in the above-mentioned way is possible; though the productivity of plants would be less than on model solutions. The reasons of plant productivity drop and the possible ways of their removal have been discussed.

Scopus
Держатели документа:
Institute of Biophysics, SB, RAS, Krasnoyarsk, Russian Federation : 660036, Красноярск, Академгородок, д. 50, стр. 50

Доп.точки доступа:
Tikhomirov, A.A.; Gitelson, J.I.; Ushakova, S.A.; Kovaleva, N.P.; Tikhomirova, N.A.; Gribovskaya, I.V.

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Volatile metabolites of higher plant crops as a photosynthesizing life support system component under temperature stress at different light intensities / I. I. Gitelson [et al.] // Advances in Space Research. - 2003. - Vol. 31, Is. 7. - P1781-1786, DOI 10.1016/S0273-1177(03)00121-2 . - ISSN 0273-1177
Кл.слова (ненормированные):
Composition -- Crops -- Heat resistance -- Metabolites -- Photosynthesis -- Volatile metabolites -- Space research -- biosphere -- article -- comparative study -- gas -- growth, development and aging -- heat -- indoor air pollution -- light -- metabolism -- microclimate -- photon -- photosynthesis -- physiology -- radiation exposure -- volatilization -- wheat -- Air Pollution, Indoor -- Environment, Controlled -- Gases -- Heat -- Life Support Systems -- Light -- Photons -- Photosynthesis -- Triticum -- Volatilization
Аннотация: The effect of elevated temperatures of 35 and 45В°C (at the intensities of photosynthetically active radiation 322, 690 and 1104 ?mol-m-2-s-1) on the photosynthesis, respiration, and qualitative and quantitative composition of the volatiles emitted by wheat (Triticum aestuvi L., cultivar 232) crops was investigated in growth chambers. Identification and quantification of more than 20 volatile compounds (terpenoids - ?-pinene, ?3 carene, limonene, benzene, ?-and transcaryophyllene, ?- and ?-terpinene, their derivatives, aromatic hydrocarbons, etc.) were conducted by gas chromatograph/mass spectrometry. Under light intensity of 1104 ?mol-m-2-s-1, heat resistance of photosynthesis and respiration increased at 35В°C and decreased at 45В°C. The action of elevated temperatures brought about variations in the rate and direction of the synthesis of volatile metabolites. The emission of volatile compounds was the greatest under a reduced irradiation of 322 ?mol-m-2-s-1 and the smallest under 1104 ?mol-m-2-s-1 at 35В°C. During the repair period, the contents and proportions of volatile compounds were different from their initial values, too. The degree of disruption and the following recovery of the functional state depended on the light intensity during the exposure to elevated temperatures. The investigation of the atmosphere of the growth chamber without plants has revaled the substances that were definitely technogenic in origin: tetramethylurea, dimethylsulfide, dibutylsulfide, dibutylphthalate, and a number of components of furan and silane nature. В© 2003 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.

Scopus
Держатели документа:
Institute of Biophysics, Siberian Branch, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russian Federation : 660036, Красноярск, Академгородок, д. 50, стр. 50

Доп.точки доступа:
Gitelson, I.I.; Tikhomirov, A.A.; Parshina, O.V.; Ushakova, S.A.; Kalacheva, G.S.

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Recycling efficiencies of C,H,O,N,S, and P elements in a biological life support system based on micro-organisms and higher plants / J. B. Gros [et al.] // Advances in Space Research. - 2003. - Vol. 31, Is. 1. - P195-199, DOI 10.1016/S0273-1177(02)00739-1 . - ISSN 0273-1177
Кл.слова (ненормированные):
Biomass -- Biosynthesis -- Chemical elements -- Earth atmosphere -- Ecosystems -- Life support systems (spacecraft) -- Manned space flight -- Microorganisms -- Plants (botany) -- Wastes -- Compartments -- Space research -- carbon -- carbon dioxide -- hydrogen -- nitrogen -- oxygen -- phosphorus -- sulfur -- space technology -- article -- biological model -- biomass -- chemistry -- comparative study -- computer simulation -- growth, development and aging -- metabolism -- methodology -- microbiology -- microclimate -- plant -- waste management -- Biomass -- Carbon -- Carbon Dioxide -- Computer Simulation -- Ecological Systems, Closed -- Environmental Microbiology -- Hydrogen -- Life Support Systems -- Models, Biological -- Nitrogen -- Oxygen -- Phosphorus -- Plants, Edible -- Sulfur -- Waste Management
Аннотация: MELiSSA is a microorganism based artificial ecosystem conceived as a tool for understanding the behavior of ecosystems and developing the technology for future Manned Space Missions. MELiSSA is composed of four compartments colonized by the microorganisms required by the function of this ecosystem : breakdown of waste produced by men, regeneration of atmosphere and biosynthesis of edible biomass. This paper reports the mass balance description of a Biological Life Support System composed of the MELiSSA loop and of a Higher Plant Compartment working in parallel with the photosynthetic Spirulina compartment producing edible biomass. The recycling efficiencies of the system are determined and compared for various working conditions of the MELiSSA loop with or without the HPC. В© 2002 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd on behalf of COSPAR.

Scopus
Держатели документа:
Lab. de Genie Chimique/Biochimique, Universite B. Pascal, Aubiere cedex 63177, France
ESA/Estec, YVC, P.O. Box 299, Noordwijk, AG 2200, Netherlands
Institute of Biophysics, Siberian branchs RAS, Academgorodok, Krasnoyarsk 630036, Russian Federation : 660036, Красноярск, Академгородок, д. 50, стр. 50

Доп.точки доступа:
Gros, J.B.; Poughon, L.; Lasseur, C.; Tikhomirov, A.A.

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Biological-physical-chemical aspects of a human life support system for a lunar base / J. I. Gitelson [et al.] // Acta Astronautica. - 1995. - Vol. 37, Is. C. - P385-394 . - ISSN 0094-5765
Кл.слова (ненормированные):
animal -- aquaculture -- article -- biomass -- construction work and architectural phenomena -- Cyprinodontiformes -- filtration -- growth, development and aging -- human -- microbiology -- microclimate -- moon -- nutritional value -- photoperiodicity -- plant -- space flight -- standard -- Tilapia -- waste management -- water management -- wheat -- Animals -- Aquaculture -- Biomass -- Cyprinodontiformes -- Ecological Systems, Closed -- Facility Design and Construction -- Filtration -- Humans -- Life Support Systems -- Moon -- Nutritive Value -- Photoperiod -- Plants, Edible -- Space Flight -- Tilapia -- Triticum -- Waste Management -- Water Microbiology -- Water Purification
Аннотация: To create a life support system based on biological and physical-chemical processes is the optimum solution providing full-valued condidtions for existence and efficient work of people at a lunar base. Long-standing experinece in experimental research or closed ecosystems and their components allows us to suggest a realistic functional structure of the lunar base and to estimate qualitatively its parameters. The original restrictions are as follows: 1) the basic source of energy to support the biological processes has to be the solar radiation; 2) the initial amount of basic biological elelments forming the turnover of substances (C, O, H, P, K, N) has to be delivered from Earth; 3). Moon materials are not to be used in the biological turnover inside the base; 4) the base is to supply the crew fully with atmosphere and water, and with 90% (A scenario) or 40% (B scenario) of food. Experimental data about the plant productivity under the "Moon" rhythm of light and darkness allow us to suggest that the A scenario requires per one human: plant area - 40 m2 irradiated during the lunar day by 250-300 W/m2 PAR producing 1250 g of dry biomass a terrestrial day; a heterotrophic component of "biological incineration" of inedible plant biomass (800 g/day) including the aquaculture of fish to produce animal products and contaminating the environment less than birds and mammals, and the culture of edible mushrooms; a component of physical-chemical correction for the LSS envi ronment including the subsystems of: deep oxidation of organic impurities in the atmosphere and of water, organic wastes of human activity and that biological components (420 g/day) Co2 concentration in "Moon" nights, damping O2 in "Moon" days, etc. The stock of presotred or delivered from Earth substances (food additions, seeds, etc.) to be involved in biological turnover is to be about 50 kg/year per man. Increase of the mass of prestored substances per man up to 220 kg/year would reduce twice the plant area and consumed amount of radiant energy to exclude the components of "biological incineration" and physical-chemical destruction of organic wastes. В© 1995.

Scopus
Держатели документа:
Institute of Biophysics (Russian Academy of Sciences, Siberian Branch) Krasnoyarsk, Russian Federation
Ruhr-University of Bochum, C.E.B.A.S. Center of Excellence., Bochum, Germany
Institute of Medical-Biological Problems, Moscow, Russian Federation : 660036, Красноярск, Академгородок, д. 50, стр. 50

Доп.точки доступа:
Gitelson, J.I.; V, B.; Grigoriev, A.I.; Lisovsky, G.M.; Manukovsky, N.S.; Sinyak, Y.u.E.; Ushakova, S.A.

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10.

Impaired growth of plants cultivated in a closed system: Possible reasons / J. I. Gitelson [et al.] // Advances in Space Research. - 1997. - Vol. 20, Is. 10. - P1927-1930 . - ISSN 0273-1177
Кл.слова (ненормированные):
air conditioning -- air pollutant -- article -- culture medium -- growth, development and aging -- human -- hydroponics -- methodology -- microbiology -- microclimate -- plant -- sewage -- wheat -- Air Conditioning -- Air Pollutants -- Culture Media -- Ecological Systems, Closed -- Environment, Controlled -- Humans -- Hydroponics -- Life Support Systems -- Plants -- Triticum -- Waste Disposal, Fluid -- Water Microbiology
Аннотация: Plants in experiments on "man-higher plants" closed ecosystem (CES) have been demonstrated to have inhibited growth and reduced productivity due to three basic factors: prolonged usage of a permanent nutrient solution introduction into the nutrient medium of intra-system gray water, and closure of the system. Gray water was detrimental to plants the longer the nutrient solution was used. However, higher plant growth was mostly affected by the gaseous composition of the CES atmosphere, through accumulation of volatile substances. В© 1997 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd.

Scopus
Держатели документа:
Institute of Biophysics, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russian Federation : 660036, Красноярск, Академгородок, д. 50, стр. 50

Доп.точки доступа:
Gitelson, J.I.; Tirranen, L.S.; Borodina, E.V.; Rygalov, V.Ye.

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11.

Consistency of gas exchange of man and plants in a closed ecological system: Lines of attack on the problem / J. I. Gitelson, Yu. N. Okladnikov // Advances in Space Research. - 1996. - Vol. 18, Is. 1-2. - P205-210 . - ISSN 0273-1177
Кл.слова (ненормированные):
carbon dioxide -- oxygen -- article -- atmosphere -- biological model -- breathing -- human -- metabolism -- microclimate -- nutrition -- photosynthesis -- physiology -- plant -- plant physiology -- Atmosphere -- Carbon Dioxide -- Ecological Systems, Closed -- Humans -- Models, Biological -- Nutrition Physiology -- Oxygen -- Photosynthesis -- Plant Physiology -- Plants -- Respiration
Аннотация: Gas exchange between man and plants in a closed ecological system based on atmosphere regeneration by plant photosynthesis is made consistent by attaining the equilibrium of human CO2 discharge and the productivity of the gas consuming bioregenerator. In this case the gas exchange might be, however, qualitatively disturbed from the equilibrium in terms of oxygen making it accumulate or decrease continuously in the air of the system. Gas exchange equilibrium in terms of O2 was attained in long-term experiments by equality of the human respiration coefficient and the plant assimilation coefficient. Varying the ratio of these parameters it is possible to control the oxygen concentration in the atmosphere to be reclaimed.

Scopus
Держатели документа:
Institute of Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Siberian Branch, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russian Federation : 660036, Красноярск, Академгородок, д. 50, стр. 50

Доп.точки доступа:
Gitelson, J.I.; Okladnikov, Yu.N.

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12.

Opportunities and constraints of closed man-made ecological systems on the moon / V. Blum [et al.] // Advances in Space Research. - 1994. - Vol. 14, Is. 6. - P271-280 . - ISSN 0273-1177
Аннотация: Most scenarios for a manned lunar base include a combination of physical-chemical and bioregenerative life support systems. Especially on the lunar surface, however, there is a series of special environmental factors which seriously affect the organisms suitable for food production and biological regeneration of the habitat atmosphere and water. So, e.g. the lunar day/night period creates difficult problems for higher plant culture. The paper presents the current scientific approaches to bioregenerative life support systems of a lunar base and discusses critically the possibilities of their realization. Moreover, a scientific strategy is developed with the biologist's point of view to implement in a stepwise manner bioregenerative life support modules into a lunar base covering the possibilities of the untilization of chemolytotrophic bacteria, microalgae and higher plants as well as those of animal breeding and protein production in intensive aquaculture systems. В© 1994.

Scopus
Держатели документа:
Institute of Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Krasnoyarsk, Russian Federation
German Aerospace Establishment, Cologne-Porz, Germany
Comparative Endocrinology Research Section, Ruhr-University, Bochum, Germany : 660036, Красноярск, Академгородок, д. 50, стр. 50

Доп.точки доступа:
Blum, V.; Gitelson, J.I.; Horneck, G.; Kreuzberg, K.

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13.

Increase of atmospheric CO2: Response patterns on a simple terrestrial man-made ecosystem / L. A. Somova, N. S. Pechurkin, T. I. Pisman // Advances in Space Research. - 2003. - Vol. 31, Is. 7. - P1731-1735, DOI 10.1016/S0273-1177(03)80019-4 . - ISSN 0273-1177
Кл.слова (ненормированные):
Carbon dioxide -- Earth atmosphere -- Ecosystems -- Environmental impact -- Mathematical models -- Microorganisms -- Plants (botany) -- Soils -- Man-made ecosystems -- Space research -- biosphere -- carbon dioxide enrichment -- terrestrial ecosystem -- carbon dioxide -- nitrogen -- phosphorus -- article -- atmosphere -- biological model -- chemistry -- dose response -- drug effect -- ecosystem -- growth, development and aging -- metabolism -- microbiology -- microclimate -- plant root -- wheat -- Atmosphere -- Carbon Dioxide -- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug -- Ecosystem -- Environment, Controlled -- Models, Biological -- Nitrogen -- Phosphorus -- Plant Roots -- Soil Microbiology -- Triticum
Аннотация: Simple models of terrestrial ecosystems with a limited number of components are an efficient tool to study the main laws of functioning of populations, including microbial ones, and their communities, as components of natural ecosystems, under variable environmental conditions. Among other factors are the increase of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere and limitation of plants' growth by biogenic elements. The main types of ecosystems' responses to changes in environmental conditions (a change in CO2 concentration) have been demonstrated in a "plants - rhizospheric microorganisms - artificial soil" simple experimental system. The mathematical model of interactions between plants and microorganisms under normal and elevated atmospheric CO2 and limitation by nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorus) yielded a qualitative agreement between calculated and experimental values of limiting substances concentrations and release rates of exudates. В© 2003 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.

Scopus
Держатели документа:
Institute of Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Siberian Branch, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russian Federation : 660036, Красноярск, Академгородок, д. 50, стр. 50

Доп.точки доступа:
Somova, L.A.; Pechurkin, N.S.; Pisman, T.I.

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14.

A Mathematical Model of the Interaction of the Components in a System Plant-Rhizospheric Microorganisms at a Higher CO2 Level in the Atmosphere / T. I. Pisman, L. A. Somova, N. S. Pechurkin // Biofizika. - 2002. - Vol. 47, Is. 5. - С. 924-925 . - ISSN 0006-3029
Кл.слова (ненормированные):
CO2-enrichment -- Ecosystem -- Plant -- Rhizospheric microorganisms
Аннотация: A mathematical model describing the interaction of plants and rhizospheric microorganisms on complete mineral medium at a higher CO2 level in the atmosphere was constructed. The positive effect of CO2-enrichment on the system plant - rhizospheric microorganisms was shown. The effect of rhizospheric microorganisms on plant growth at normal and high level of carbon dioxide was demonstrated. It was shown that the biomass of plant in the system is smaller than the biomass of plant growing without microorganisms. It was experimentally demonstrated that a simple ecosystem wheat - Pseudomonas putida - artificial soil develops and functions differently than its individual constituents in the case of a wheat-artificial soil system. With unlimited nutrition and a higher CO2 level (0.06%), plants with roots inoculated with microorganisms have a smaller biomass than plants that were not inoculated with microorganisms.

Scopus
Держатели документа:
Institute of Biophysics, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Krasnoyarsk, 660036, Russian Federation : 660036, Красноярск, Академгородок, д. 50, стр. 50

Доп.точки доступа:
Pisman, T.I.; Somova, L.A.; Pechurkin, N.S.

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15.

Mathematical model of the interaction of components in a plant-rhizospheric microorganisms system at the higher level of carbon dioxide in atmosphere / T. I. Pis'man, L. A. Somova, N. S. Pechurkin // Biofizika. - 2002. - Vol. 47, Is. 5. - С. 920-925 . - ISSN 0006-3029
Кл.слова (ненормированные):
carbon dioxide -- algorithm -- article -- biological model -- biomass -- ecosystem -- microbiology -- physiology -- plant seed -- Pseudomonas putida -- wheat -- Algorithms -- Biomass -- Carbon Dioxide -- Ecosystem -- Models, Biological -- Pseudomonas putida -- Seeds -- Triticum
Аннотация: A mathematical model describing the interaction of plants and rhizospheric microorganisms on complete mineral medium at a higher CO2 level in the atmosphere was constructed. The positive effect of CO2-enrichment on the system plant--rhizospheric microorganisms was shown. The effect of rhizospheric microorganisms on plant growth at normal and high level of carbon dioxide was demonstrated. It was shown that the biomass of plant in the system is smaller than the biomass of plant growing without microorganisms. It was experimentally demonstrated that a simple ecosystem wheat--Pseudomonas putida--artificial soil develops and functions differently than its individual constituents in the case of a wheat-artificial soil system. With unlimited nutrition and a higher CO2 level (0.06%), plants with roots inoculated with microorganisms have a smaller biomass than plants that were not inoculated with microorganisms.

Scopus
Держатели документа:
Institute of Biophysics, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Krasnoyarsk, 660036 Russia. : 660036, Красноярск, Академгородок, д. 50, стр. 50

Доп.точки доступа:
Pis'man, T.I.; Somova, L.A.; Pechurkin, N.S.

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16.

Small artificial ecosystems: response to variation of environmental factors (CO2 enrichment). / L. A. Somova [et al.] // Life support & biosphere science : international journal of earth space. - 1999. - Vol. 6, Is. 3. - P215-220 . - ISSN 1069-9422
Кл.слова (ненормированные):
carbon -- carbon dioxide -- article -- biomass -- comparative study -- drug effect -- ecosystem -- growth, development and aging -- metabolism -- microbiology -- microclimate -- photosynthesis -- plant seed -- Pseudomonas -- wheat -- Biomass -- Carbon -- Carbon Dioxide -- Ecosystem -- Environment, Controlled -- Photosynthesis -- Pseudomonas -- Seeds -- Soil Microbiology -- Triticum
Аннотация: Response of "wheat plants--rhizospheric microorganisms--artificial soil"--a simple terrestrial ecosystem--to carbon dioxide increased in its atmosphere to 0.06% has been studied. It has been experimentally demonstrated that a simple ecosystem develops and functions different from its individual elements (components), in this case "plants-artificial soil" without microorganisms. With mineral nutrition unlimited and CO2 enrichment the system is capable of binding (involving into turnover) 40% more carbon than the system without microorganisms. With material balance as the basis, this article evaluates the contribution of a system's elements into its development, namely, the contribution of the photosynthesizing component and the contribution of microorganisms.

Scopus
Держатели документа:
Institute of Biophysics, (Russian Academy of Sciences, Siberian Branch), Krasnoyarsk, Russia. : 660036, Красноярск, Академгородок, д. 50, стр. 50

Доп.точки доступа:
Somova, L.A.; Pechurkin, N.S.; Sarangova, A.B.; Pisman, T.I.; Polonsky, V.I.; Sadovskay, G.M.

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17.

Interaction of a mixed yeast culture in an "autotroph-heterotroph" system with a closed atmosphere cycle and spatially separated components / T. I. Pisman, L. A. Somova // Advances in Space Research. - 2003. - Vol. 31, Is. 7. - P1751-1756, DOI 10.1016/S0273-1177(03)00116-9 . - ISSN 0273-1177
Кл.слова (ненормированные):
Metabolism -- Oxygen -- Substrates -- Yeast -- Closed atmosphere cycle -- Space research -- carbon dioxide -- oxygen -- biosphere -- anaerobic growth -- article -- biomass -- Candida -- Chlorella -- comparative study -- culture medium -- ecosystem -- growth, development and aging -- metabolism -- microclimate -- Anaerobiosis -- Biomass -- Candida -- Carbon Dioxide -- Chlorella -- Culture Media -- Ecological Systems, Closed -- Ecosystem -- Environment, Controlled -- Oxygen
Аннотация: The study considers an experimental model of the "autotroph-heterotroph" system with a closed atmosphere cycle, in which the heterotrophic link is a mixed yeast population. The autotrophic link is represented by the algae Chlorella vulgaris and the heterotrophic link by the yeasts Candida utilis and Candida guilliermondii. The controls are populations of Chlorella and the same yeasts isolated from the atmosphere. It has been shown that the outcome of competition in the heterotrophic link depends on the strategy of the yeast population towards the substrate and oxygen. The C. utilis population quickly utilizes the substrate as it is an r-strategist and is less sensitive to oxygen deficiency. The C. guilliermondii population consumes low concentrations of the substrate because it is a K-strategist, but it is more sensitive to oxygen deficiency. That is why, in the "autotroph-heterotroph" system with a closed gas cycle, after a considerable amount of the substrate has been consumed, the C. guilliermondii population becomes more competitive that the C. utilis population. In the culture of yeasts, isolated from the atmosphere, the C. utilis population finds itself in more favorable conditions due to oxygen deficiency. The system with a complex heterotrophic component survive longer than a system whose heterotrophic component is represented by only one yeast species. This is explained for by the positive metabolite interaction of yeasts and a more complete utilization of the substrate by a mixed culture of yeasts featuring different strategies towards the substrate. В© 2003 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.

Scopus
Держатели документа:
Inst. of Biophysics Siberian Branch, Russian Academy Science, Krasnoyarsk, Russian Federation : 660036, Красноярск, Академгородок, д. 50, стр. 50

Доп.точки доступа:
Pisman, T.I.; Somova, L.A.

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18.

Influence of biota on global climate / D. A. Semenov, R. G. Khlebopros // Biophysics. - 2005. - Vol. 50, Is. 4. - P659-662 . - ISSN 0006-3509
Кл.слова (ненормированные):
Biosphere -- Climate -- CO2 balance -- Energy balance -- Modeling
Аннотация: A model consisting of two blocks (equations) is proposed for the analytical study of the biosphere-climate system over great periods of time. The first equation describes the balance of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere and represents the biological block of the model. The second equation is the equation of energy balance or the physical block of the system. The model is based on the most general concepts of living matter and the evolution process. A possible interpretation of some events and phenomena in the Earth history is given in terms of the model. Copyright В© 2005 by MAIK "Nauka/ Interperiodica".

Scopus
Держатели документа:
Institute of Biophysics, Siberian Division, Russian Academy of Sciences, Akademgorodok, Krasnoyarsk, 660036, Russian Federation : 660036, Красноярск, Академгородок, д. 50, стр. 50

Доп.точки доступа:
Semenov, D.A.; Khlebopros, R.G.

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19.

Biophysical aspects of the biosphere impact on global climate. / D. A. Semenov, R. G. Khlebopros // Doklady. Biochemistry and biophysics. - 2002. - Vol. 387. - P338-339 . - ISSN 1607-6729
Кл.слова (ненормированные):
carbon monoxide -- article -- atmosphere -- biophysics -- chemistry -- climate -- greenhouse effect -- kinetics -- temperature -- theoretical model -- Atmosphere -- Biophysics -- Carbon Monoxide -- Climate -- Greenhouse Effect -- Kinetics -- Models, Theoretical -- Temperature

Scopus
Держатели документа:
Institute of Biophysics, Siberian Division, Russian Academy of Sciences, Akademgorodok, Krasnoyarsk, 660036 Russia. : 660036, Красноярск, Академгородок, д. 50, стр. 50

Доп.точки доступа:
Semenov, D.A.; Khlebopros, R.G.

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20.

Modeling of CO2 fluxes between atmosphere and boreal forest / Y. V. Barkhatov [et al.] ; ed.: Z Yang, Z Yang // 18TH BIENNIAL ISEM CONFERENCE ON ECOLOGICAL MODELLING FOR GLOBAL CHANGE AND COUPLED HUMAN AND NATURAL SYSTEM. Ser. Procedia Environmental Sciences : ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV, 2012. - Vol. 13: 18th Biennial ISEM Conference on Ecological Modelling for Global Change and Coupled Human and Natural Systems (SEP 20-23, 2011, Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA). - P621-625, DOI 10.1016/j.proenv.2012.01.053. - Cited References: 17 . - 5. - ISBN 1878-0296

РУБ Ecology + Environmental Sciences
Рубрики:
CARBON-DIOXIDE FLUXES
   SIBERIA
   BUDGET
   SINKS
   RATIO
   O-2
Кл.слова (ненормированные):
Global carbon cycle -- Siberian boreal forests -- mathematical modeling -- atmospheric boundary layer budget method
Аннотация: Difficulties in estimating terrestrial ecosystem CO2 fluxes on regional scales have significantly limited our understanding of the global carbon cycle. We present a method of using tall-tower-based CO2 concentrations for estimating CO2 fluxes over a forested region. With long-term measurements of the CO2 mixing ratio at a 300-m-tall tower, regional CO2 fluxes were estimated for several months, from the first obtained data. Estimates of a monthly-integrated surface CO2 flux over the region were obtained by the analysis of average gradients and estimates of the rate of vertical mixing between the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) and the free troposphere. For the comparison of the ABL budget method and field measurements a zero-dimensional mathematical model of the ecosystem of Siberian boreal forests was used. The model is a system of ordinary differential equations with additional conditions superimposed on the parameters. The main occurring processes are described - photosynthesis, respiration, seasonal changes of active phytomass, water balance of trees, the influence of light, humidity, and temperature on photosynthesis and respiration. (C) 2011 Published by Elsevier B. V. Selection and/or peer-review under responsibility of School of Environment, Beijing Normal University.

Держатели документа:
[Barkhatov, Y. V.
Belolipetsky, P. V.
Degermendzhi, A. G.
Shchemel, A. L.] Inst Biophys SB RAS, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia : 660036, Красноярск, Академгородок, д. 50, стр. 50

Доп.точки доступа:
Barkhatov, Y.V.; Belolipetsky, P.V.; Degermendzhi, A.G.; Belolipetskii, V.M.; Verkhovets, S.V.; Timokhina, A.V.; Panov, A.V.; Shchemel, A.L.; Vedrova, E.F.; Trephilova, O.V.; Yang, Z \ed.\

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