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Radionuclide speciation in sediments of the Yenisei River / A. Bolsunovsky // Radioprotection. - 2011. - Vol. 46, Is. 6 SUPPL. - S195-S198, DOI 10.1051/radiopro/20116457s . - ISSN 0033-8451
Аннотация: The examination of sediment samples collected from the Yenisei River revealed the presence of artificial radionuclides characteristic of radioactive discharges from the MCC facility: isotopes of europium (152Eu, 154Eu, and 155Eu), cesium (137Cs and 134Cs), 60Co,90Sr, and transuranium elements. Radionuclide concentrations in sediment layers remained high as far as 240 km downstream of the MCC. The vertical distribution of radionuclides in sediment cores was very complex, and down-core variations were due to different amounts of radionuclides released by the MCC and due to variations in the hydrologic conditions in the river. Sequential extraction performed on samples of the upper layers of the sediment core showed different degrees of potential environmental availability of artificial radionuclides: the amounts of extracted 90Sr, 152Eu and 241Am were the largest (60-80% of initial activity), then followed 60Co (30%), 238,239,240Pu (15-30%), and, last, 137Cs (5-15%). The distribution of 238U among chemical fractions of sediments was similar to that of 60Co and 238,239,240Pu: 30-40% of 238U initial activity was extracted. In a few samples, 241Am was present in the unextractable form, which may be accounted for by the presence of microparticles of the reactor fuel. В© 2011 EDP Sciences.

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Держатели документа:
Institute of Biophysics, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 660036 Krasnoyarsk, Russian Federation : 660036, Красноярск, Академгородок, д. 50, стр. 50

Доп.точки доступа:
Bolsunovsky, A.

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Chemical fractionation of radionuclides and stable elements in aquatic plants of the yenisei river / A. Bolsunovsky // Environmental Science and Technology. - 2011. - Vol. 45, Is. 17. - P7143-7150, DOI 10.1021/es2008853 . - ISSN 0013-936X
Кл.слова (ненормированные):
Aquatic plants -- Artificial radionuclides -- Cell structure -- Chemical Fractionation -- Distribution patterns -- Nuclear plant -- Plant biomass -- Sequential extraction scheme -- Stable elements -- Submerged plants -- Transuranic elements -- Americium -- Biomass -- Neptunium -- River pollution -- Rivers -- Radioisotopes -- americium -- element -- neptunium -- radioisotope -- bioaccumulation -- chemical binding -- gamma ray spectrometry -- isotopic fractionation -- monocotyledon -- phytomass -- radionuclide -- river pollution -- submerged vegetation -- aquatic species -- article -- Batrachium kauffmanii -- biomass -- cell structure -- controlled study -- extraction -- Fontinalis antipyretica -- fractionation -- gamma spectrometry -- higher plant -- nonhuman -- plant growth -- Potamogeton lucens -- Potamogetonaceae -- river -- Russian Federation -- Aquatic Organisms -- Biomass -- Chemical Fractionation -- China -- Industrial Waste -- Plants -- Radiation Monitoring -- Radioisotopes -- Rivers -- Water Pollutants, Radioactive -- Russian Federation -- Yenisei River -- Batrachium -- Fontinalis antipyretica -- Potamogeton lucens
Аннотация: The Yenisei River is contaminated with artificial radionuclides released by one of the Russian nuclear plants. The aquatic plants growing in the radioactively contaminated parts of the river contain artificial radionuclides. The aim of the study was to investigate accumulation of artificial radionuclides and stable elements by submerged plants of the Yenisei River and estimate the strength of their binding to plant biomass by using a new sequential extraction scheme. The aquatic plants sampled were: Potamogeton lucens, Fontinalis antipyretica, and Batrachium kauffmanii. Gamma-spectrometric analysis of the samples of aquatic plants has revealed more than 20 radionuclides. We also investigated the chemical fractionation of radionuclides and stable elements in the biomass and rated radionuclides and stable elements based on their distribution in biomass. The greatest number of radionuclides strongly bound to biomass cell structures was found for Potamogeton lucens and the smallest for Batrachium kauffmanii. For Fontinalis antipyretica, the number of distribution patterns that were similar for both radioactive isotopes and their stable counterparts was greater than for the other studied species. The transuranic elements 239Np and 241Am were found in the intracellular fraction of the biomass, and this suggested their active accumulation by the plants. В© 2011 American Chemical Society.

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Держатели документа:
Institute of Biophysics SB, Russian Academy of Sciences, Krasnoyarsk, Russian Federation : 660036, Красноярск, Академгородок, д. 50, стр. 50

Доп.точки доступа:
Bolsunovsky, A.

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Accumulation of 242Pu by a macrophyte of the Yenisei River (Elodea canadensis) in laboratory experiments / A. Bolsunovsky [et al.] // Chemosphere. - 2009. - Vol. 75, Is. 3. - P284-288, DOI 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2008.12.036 . - ISSN 0045-6535
Кл.слова (ненормированные):
242Pu -- Accumulation -- Laboratory experiments -- Sequential extraction technique -- Submerged plant Elodea canadensis -- Yenisei River -- sup242/supPu -- Accumulation -- Laboratory experiments -- Sequential extraction technique -- Submerged plant Elodea canadensis -- Yenisei River -- Biological materials -- Biomass -- Chemical plants -- Experiments -- Positive ions -- Rivers -- Plutonium -- concentration (composition) -- experimental study -- laboratory method -- macrophyte -- plutonium isotope -- river water -- submerged vegetation -- Eurasia -- Russian Federation -- Yenisei River -- plutonium -- article -- biomass -- chemistry -- Hydrocharitaceae -- physiology -- plant -- radiation monitoring -- river -- time -- water pollutant -- Biomass -- Hydrocharitaceae -- Plant Shoots -- Plutonium -- Radiation Monitoring -- Rivers -- Time Factors -- Water Pollutants, Radioactive
Аннотация: The study addresses 242Pu accumulation by Elodea canadensis, one of the abundant species of submerged plants in the Yenisei River. 242Pu in water samples of the "Elodea - Yenisei River water" model system and in the biomass fractions was determined ?-spectrometrically, following radiochemical recovery of 242Pu using 236Pu - a chemical yield tracer. The experiments on accumulation of 242Pu by Elodea biomass showed that the activity concentration of 242Pu can reach 21 В± 2 Bq/g dry wt, with the concentration factor for 242Pu 13100 В± 2100 L/kg dry wt. Results of chemical fractionation proved that during the first few hours of the experiment 242Pu contained in Elodea was mainly concentrated in the exchangeable and the adsorbed fractions of biomass (about 100%). As Elodea biomass accumulated 242Pu, the absolute amount of 242Pu in the exchangeable and the adsorbed fractions remained almost unchanged, although the portion of 242Pu tightly bound to biomass increased. At the end of the experiment, on day 7, 242Pu tightly bound to biomass (fractions of organics and mineral residue) constituted 43-63% (in different experiments) of the total 242Pu in the biomass. В© 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

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Держатели документа:
Institute of Biophysics, Siberian Branch, the Russian Academy of Sciences, Krasnoyarsk, 660036, Russian Federation
Institute of Geology and Mineralogy, Siberian Branch, the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation : 660036, Красноярск, Академгородок, д. 50, стр. 50

Доп.точки доступа:
Bolsunovsky, A.; Bondareva, L.; Sukhorukov, F.; Melgunov, M.

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Actinides and other radionuclides in sediments and submerged plants of the Yenisei River / A. Bolsunovsky, L. Bondareva // Journal of Alloys and Compounds. - 2007. - Vol. 444-445, Is. SPEC. ISS. - P495-499, DOI 10.1016/j.jallcom.2007.01.146 . - ISSN 0925-8388
Кл.слова (ненормированные):
Accumulation -- Actinides in aquatic plants and sediments -- Radiochemical and ?-spectrometric investigations -- Sequential extraction technique -- Yenisei River -- Actinides -- Bioaccumulation -- Plants (botany) -- Radioisotopes -- Rivers -- Sampling -- Sediments -- Mining-and-Chemical combine (MCC) -- Radiochemical and spectrometric investigations -- Sediment samples -- Sequential extraction techniques -- Contamination
Аннотация: The source of radioactive contamination of the Yenisei River floodplain, including contamination with actinides, is the Mining-and-Chemical combine (MCC), which has for many years been producing weapons-grade plutonium. Actinides have been detected not only in the soil and sediment of the river but also in the biomass of aquatic plants. The aim of our investigation was to assess the levels of actinides and other radionuclides in sediments and aquatic plants both near the MCC and at a considerable distance from it, down the Yenisei River. Investigations of the Yenisei River sediment samples revealed high activity concentrations of actinides (Pu isotopes and 241Am), which were 100 times higher than their global fallout levels. Sequential extraction of radionuclides from samples of sediments collected near the MCC showed that the amounts of extracted 241Am were the largest (up to 98% of initial activity). It was found that aquatic plants of the Yenisei River collected both near the MCC discharge site and at a distance up to 200 km downstream contained several actinide isotopes. The aquatic moss, Fontinalis antipyretica, was found to contain higher levels of radionuclides than Potamogeton lucens. Leaves of P. lucens contained higher levels of radionuclides, including 239Np, than stems. Sequential extraction of radionuclides from samples of aquatic plants showed that 239Np levels in exchangeable and adsorption fractions of P. lucens biomass were higher than in the respective fractions of F. antipyretica biomass. В© 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Scopus
Держатели документа:
Institute of Biophysics, Siberian Branch, the Russian Academy of Sciences, Krasnoyarsk, Russian Federation : 660036, Красноярск, Академгородок, д. 50, стр. 50

Доп.точки доступа:
Bolsunovsky, A.; Bondareva, L.

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Artificial radionuclides in sediment of the Yenisei River / A. Bolsunovsky // Chemistry and Ecology. - 2010. - Vol. 26, Is. 6. - P401-409, DOI 10.1080/02757540.2010.504668 . - ISSN 0275-7540
Кл.слова (ненормированные):
Artificial radionuclides -- River sediments -- Sequential extraction -- Yenisei river -- cesium isotope -- cobalt isotope -- concentration (composition) -- europium -- extraction method -- industrial waste -- radionuclide -- river pollution -- sediment chemistry -- Krasnoyarsk [Russian Federation] -- Russian Federation -- Yenisei River -- Zheleznogorsk
Аннотация: Releases from the nuclear facility Mining-and-Chemical Combine (MCC) located at Zheleznogorsk have contributed to the radionuclide contamination of the Yenisei River since operations commenced in 1958. The aim of this study was to assess the activity concentrations of artificial radionuclides and the strength of their binding in Yenisei River sediments. Investigation of Yenisei River sediment samples revealed the presence of artificial radionuclides typical of the MCC radioactive discharge: namely, isotopes of europium, caesium, 60Co and transuranium elements. The concentrations of artificial radionuclides in the sediment layers remain relatively high as far as 200 km downstream of the MCC. In sediment cores collected upstream of the MCC, ? -spectrometric measurements registered only one artificial radionuclide, 137Cs, with a maximal activity of 8 BqВ·kg -1. Sequential extraction performed on samples of the upper layers of the sediment core showed different degrees of potential environmental availability for artificial radionuclides: the highest was recorded for 241Am and 152Eu (up to 85% of initial activity), followed by 60Co (up to 32%), and finally, 137Cs (up to 15%). In a few samples, 241Am was present in the unextractable form, which may be accounted for by the presence of reactor fuel microparticles. В© 2010 Taylor & Francis.

Scopus
Держатели документа:
Institute of Biophysics of the Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Krasnoyarsk, Russian Federation : 660036, Красноярск, Академгородок, д. 50, стр. 50

Доп.точки доступа:
Bolsunovsky, A.

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A one-dimensional model of vertical stratification of Lake Shira focussed on winter conditions and ice cover / S. N. Genova [et al.] // Aquatic Ecology. - 2010. - Vol. 44, Is. 3. - P571-584, DOI 10.1007/s10452-010-9327-7 . - ISSN 1386-2588
Кл.слова (ненормированные):
Convective mixed layer -- Ice formation -- Ice melting -- Simplified model -- Winter profiles -- anoxic conditions -- hydrogen sulfide -- ice cover -- inhomogeneity -- meromictic lake -- numerical model -- one-dimensional modeling -- pycnocline -- salinity -- seasonality -- stratification -- vertical profile -- water column -- water temperature -- Khakassia -- Lake Shira -- Russian Federation
Аннотация: In meromictic lakes such as Lake Shira, horizontal inhomogeneity is small in comparison with vertical gradients. To determine the vertical distribution of temperature, salinity, and density of water in a deep zone of a Lake Shira, or other saline lakes, a one-dimensional (in vertical direction) mathematical model is presented. A special feature of this model is that it takes into account the process of ice formation. The model of ice formation is based on the one-phase Stefan problem with the linear temperature distribution in the solid phase. A convective mixed layer is formed under an ice cover due to salt extraction in the ice formation process. To obtain analytical solutions for the vertical distribution of temperature, salinity, and density of water, we use a scheme of vertical structure in the form of several layers. In spring, the ice melts as top and bottom. These processes are taken into account in the model. The calculated profiles of salinity and temperature of Shira Lake are in good agreement with field measurement data for each season. Additionally, we focussed on the redox zone, which is the zone in which the aerobic layers of a water column meet the anaerobic ones. Hyperactivity of plankton communities is observed in this zone in lakes with hydrogen sulphide monimolimnion, and Lake Shira is among them. The location of the redox zone in the lake, which is estimated from field measurements, coincides with a sharp increase in density (the pycnocline) during autumn and winter. During spring and summer, the redox zone is deeper than the pycnocline. The location of pycnocline calculated with the hydro physical model is in good agreement with field measurement data. В© 2010 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.

Scopus
Держатели документа:
Institute of Computational Modeling SB RAS, Akademgorodok 50/44, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russian Federation
Krasnoyarsk, Siberian Federal University, Institute of Mathematics, Svobodny 79, Krasnoyarsk 660041, Russian Federation
Institute of Biophysics SB RAS, Akademgorodok, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russian Federation
Federal University, Institute of Mathematics, Svobodny 79, Krasnoyarsk 660041, Russian Federation
Netherlands Institute of Ecology, Center for Limnology, Rijksstraatweg 6, Nieuwersluis 3631 AC, Netherlands : 660036, Красноярск, Академгородок, д. 50, стр. 50

Доп.точки доступа:
Genova, S.N.; Belolipetskii, V.M.; Rogozin, D.Y.; Degermendzhy, A.G.; Mooij, W.M.

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Increased BLSS closure using mineralized human waste in plant cultivation on a neutral substrate / S. Ushakova [et al.] // Advances in Space Research. - 2009. - Vol. 44, Is. 8. - P971-978, DOI 10.1016/j.asr.2009.06.003 . - ISSN 0273-1177
Кл.слова (ненормированные):
Biological life support system -- Crops -- Human waste recycling -- Hydroponics -- Biological life support system -- Biological life support systems -- Biological productivity -- Control experiments -- Control plants -- Environmental conditions -- Expanded clay -- Human waste -- Human waste recycling -- Hydroponics -- In-plants -- Macro element -- Mineral element -- Neutral solution -- Nutrient solution -- Photosynthetic apparatus -- Pisum sativum -- Plant growth -- Scale potential -- Spring wheat -- Triticum aestivum -- Vegetation periods -- Water extracts -- Wheat straws -- Clay minerals -- Crops -- Minerals -- Mining -- Nutrients -- Pilot plants -- Plant life extension -- Potassium -- Productivity -- Recycling -- Solvent extraction -- Vegetation -- Water content -- Plant shutdowns
Аннотация: The purpose of this work was to study the full-scale potential use of human mineralized waste (feces and urine) as a source of mineral elements for plant cultivation in a biological life support system (BLSS). Plants that are potential candidates for a photosynthesizing link were grown on a neutral solution containing human mineralized waste. Spring wheat Triticum aestivum L., peas Pisum sativum L. Ambrosia cultivar and leaf lettuce Lactuca sativa L., Vitaminny variety, were used. The plants were grown hydroponically on expanded clay aggregates in a vegetation chamber in constant environmental conditions. During plant growth, a determined amount of human mineralized waste was added daily to the nutrient solution. The nutrient solution remained unchanged throughout the vegetation period. Estimated plant requirements for macro-elements were based on a total biological productivity of 0.04 kg day-1 m-2. As the plant requirements for potassium exceeded the potassium content of human waste, a water extract of wheat straw containing the required amount of potassium was added to the nutrient solution. The Knop's solution was used in the control experiments. The experimental and control plants showed no significant differences in state or productivity of their photosynthetic apparatus. A small decrease in total productivity of the experimental plants was observed, which might result in some reduction of O{cyrillic}2 production in a BLSS. В© 2009 COSPAR.

Scopus
Держатели документа:
Institute of Biophysics, SB, RAS, Akademgorodok, 660036 Krasnoyarsk, Russian Federation
Universite Blaise-Pascal, LGCB, Polytech, BP206, 63174 Aubiere cedex, France
TEC-MCT, ESA/Estec, 1 Keplerlaan, 2201 AZ Noordwijk, Netherlands : 660036, Красноярск, Академгородок, д. 50, стр. 50

Доп.точки доступа:
Ushakova, S.; Tikhomirov, A.; Shikhov, V.; Kudenko, Yu.; Anischenko, O.; Gros, J.-B.; Lasseur, Ch.

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Use of human wastes oxidized to different degrees in cultivation of higher plants on the soil-like substrate intended for closed ecosystems / A. A. Tikhomirov [et al.] // Advances in Space Research. - 2010. - Vol. 46, Is. 6. - P744-750, DOI 10.1016/j.asr.2010.02.024 . - ISSN 0273-1177
Кл.слова (ненормированные):
Life support systems -- Microflora -- Mineralized human wastes -- Phototrophic unit -- Wet incineration -- Alternating electromagnetic field -- Bioregenerative life support systems -- Degree of oxidations -- Denitrifying microorganisms -- Growth and development -- Higher plants -- Human waste -- Life support systems -- Mass exchange -- Microbiotas -- Microflora -- Microscopic fungi -- Mineralized human wastes -- Nutrient solution -- Oxidation level -- Phytopathogenic bacteria -- Plant productivity -- Soil-like substrate -- Wheat plants -- Biomolecules -- Electromagnetic fields -- Irrigation -- Magnetic field effects -- Metabolism -- Metabolites -- Oxidation -- Plants (botany) -- Soils -- Solvent extraction -- Wastes -- Waste incineration
Аннотация: To close mass exchange loops in bioregenerative life support systems more efficiently, researchers of the Institute of Biophysics SB RAS (Krasnoyarsk, Russia) have developed a procedure of wet combustion of human wastes and inedible parts of plants using H2O2 in alternating electromagnetic field. Human wastes pretreated in this way can be used as nutrient solutions to grow plants in the phototrophic unit of the LSS. The purpose of this study was to explore the possibilities of using human wastes oxidized to different degrees to grow plants cultivated on the soil-like substrate (SLS). The treated human wastes were analyzed to test their sterility. Then we investigated the effects produced by human wastes oxidized to different degrees on growth and development of wheat plants and on the composition of microflora in the SLS. The irrigation solution contained water, substances extracted from the substrate, and certain amounts of the mineralized human wastes. The experiments showed that the human wastes oxidized using reduced amounts of 30% H2O2: 1 ml/g of feces and 0.25 ml/ml of urine were still sterile. The experiments with wheat plants grown on the SLS and irrigated by the solution containing treated human wastes in the amount simulating 1/6 of the daily diet of a human showed that the degree of oxidation of human wastes did not significantly affect plant productivity. On the other hand, the composition of the microbiota of irrigation solutions was affected by the oxidation level of the added metabolites. In the solutions supplemented with partially oxidized metabolites yeast-like microscopic fungi were 20 times more abundant than in the solutions containing fully oxidized metabolites. Moreover, in the solutions containing incompletely oxidized human wastes the amounts of phytopathogenic bacteria and denitrifying microorganisms were larger. Thus, insufficiently oxidized sterile human wastes added to the irrigation solutions significantly affect the composition of the microbiological component of these solutions, which can ultimately unbalance the system as a whole. В© 2010 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Scopus
Держатели документа:
Institute of Biophysics SB RAS, Akademgorodok, 50/50, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russian Federation
Universite Blaise Pascal, 24 avenue des Landais, 63174 Aubiere cedex, France
ESA/ESTEC, Keplerlaan 1, 2201 AZ Noordwijk, Netherlands : 660036, Красноярск, Академгородок, д. 50, стр. 50

Доп.точки доступа:
Tikhomirov, A.A.; Kudenko, Y.A.; Ushakova, S.A.; Tirranen, L.S.; Gribovskaya, I.A.; Gros, J.-B.; Lasseur, C.

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Biological and physicochemical methods for utilization of plant wastes and human exometabolites for increasing internal cycling and closure of life support systems / I. G. Zolotukhin [et al.] // Advances in Space Research. - 2005. - Vol. 35, Is. 9 SPEC. ISS. - P1559-1562, DOI 10.1016/j.asr.2005.01.006 . - ISSN 0273-1177
Кл.слова (ненормированные):
BLSS -- Desalting -- Higher plants -- NaCl utilization -- SLS -- Biomass -- Crops -- Decomposition -- Electrodialysis -- Harvesting -- Metabolites -- Soils -- Wastes -- BLSS -- Higher plants -- NaCl utilization -- SLS -- Plants (botany) -- Biomass -- Decay -- Deionization -- Harvesting -- Plants -- Soil -- Wastes -- Wheat -- sodium chloride -- article -- biomass -- bioremediation -- culture medium -- feces -- growth, development and aging -- human -- metabolism -- methodology -- microbiology -- microclimate -- urine -- waste management -- wheat -- Biodegradation, Environmental -- Biomass -- Culture Media -- Ecological Systems, Closed -- Feces -- Humans -- Life Support Systems -- Sodium Chloride -- Soil Microbiology -- Triticum -- Urine -- Waste Management
Аннотация: Wheat was cultivated on soil-like substrate (SLS) produced by the action of worms and microflora from the inedible biomass of wheat. After the growth of the wheat crop, the inedible biomass was restored in SLS and exposed to decomposition ("biological" combustion) and its mineral compounds were assimilated by plants. Grain was returned to the SLS in the amount equivalent to human solid waste produced by consumption of the grain. Human wastes (urine and feces) after physicochemical processing turned into mineralized form (mineralized urine and mineralized feces) and entered the plants' nutrient solution amounts equal to average daily production. Periodically (once every 60-70 days) the nutrient solution was partly (up to 50%) desalinated by electrodialysis. Due to this NaCl concentration in the nutrient solution was sustained at a fixed level of about 0.26%. The salt concentrate obtained could be used in the human nutrition through NaCl extraction and the residuary elements were returned through the mineralized human liquid wastes into matter turnover. The control wheat cultivation was carried out on peat with use of the Knop nutrient solution. Serial cultivation of several wheat vegetations within 280 days was conducted during the experiment. Grain output varied and yield/harvest depended, in large part, upon the amount of inedible biomass returned to SLS and the speed of its decomposition. After achieving a stationary regime, (when the quantity of wheat inedible biomass utilized during vegetation in SLS is equal to the quantity of biomass introduced into SLS before vegetation) grain harvest in comparison with the control was at most 30% less, and in some cases was comparable to the control harvest values. The investigations carried out on the wheat example demonstrated in principle the possibility of long-term functioning of the LSS photosynthesizing link based on optimizations of biological and physicochemical methods of utilization of the human and plants wastes. The possibilities for the use of these technologies for the creation integrated biological-physicochemical LSS with high closure degree of internal matter turnover are discussed in this paper. В© 2005 Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of COSPAR.

Scopus
Держатели документа:
Institute of Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Siberian Branch, Akademgorodok, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russian Federation : 660036, Красноярск, Академгородок, д. 50, стр. 50

Доп.точки доступа:
Zolotukhin, I.G.; Tikhomirov, A.A.; Kudenko, Yu.A.; Gribovskaya, I.V.

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10.

The possible way of introducing mineral elements of liquid human wastes into the material cycle in biological life support systems / A. A. Tikhomirov [et al.] // International Astronautical Federation - 55th International Astronautical Congress 2004. - 2004. - Vol. 3: International Astronautical Federation - 55th International Astronautical Congress 2004 (4 October 2004 through 8 October 2004, Vancouver) Conference code: 69653. - P1442-1448
Кл.слова (ненормированные):
Biomass -- Body fluids -- Hydrogen peroxide -- Life support systems (spacecraft) -- Solid wastes -- Biological life support systems -- Intrasystem material cycle -- Liquid human wastes -- Plant biomass -- Waste management
Аннотация: Along with the atmosphere, water and food regeneration processes in biological life support systems it is important to provide units and links responsible for utilization of unused plant biomass, human wastes and returning, if possible, the most of wastes into the intrasystem material cycle. The experience on construction of biological life support systems (BLSS) gained by the Institute of Biophysics SB RAS (Krasnoyarsk, Russia) allows us to suggest constructing an integrated biological-physical-chemical life support system with the biological unit predominating. It is possibly to partially mineralize urine and solid wastes by "wet incineration" by hydrogen peroxide in electric field. We suggest decomposing urea by a urease-enzymatic method using soybean or canavalia flour containing sufficient amount of urease. Consumption of 1.5 g of flour for decomposition of urea in daily urine and the possibility of producing flour from soybeans and canavalia grown inside the system make this method of urea decomposition rather prospective. Further ammonia distillation using the nitrification unit and evaporation of solution would make possible to return nitrogen and water back into the intrasystem cycle. Probably, in long-duration space expeditions the utilization of urine would be confined only by extraction of nitrogen and water from urine with further removal of dry residue to the stock, as the problem of returning sodium chloride into the intrasystem cycling has not been solved yet. As all biogenic elements contained in urine (except nitrogen) get lost at that, the solution of the problem with introducing NaCl and mineral elements into the cycle with the help of halophyte plants Salicornia europaea are of sufficient interest. This work presents the experimental results of growing Salicornia europaea on model solutions containing biogenic elements in the amounts equivalent to their content in urine and on urine, which undergone physically-chemically treatment by peroxide and ammonia distillation after urease-enzymatic decomposition. Taking into consideration that the mineral elements content in urine can vary, 2 variants of model solutions were used. In the first variant the content of P was 8-fold, S - 7-fold, K - 8-fold higher than in Knop's solution; the content of Ca and Mg almost complied with that in Knop's solution. In the variant P was 12-fold, S - 17-fold, K - 17-fold, Ca - 6-fold and Mg was 8-fold higher than in Knop's solution. The content of N and NaCl in both variants was the same and constituted 0.18 g/l and 10 g/l respectively. The results of carried experiments showed that growing plants on urine treated in the above-mentioned way is possible; though the productivity of plants would be less than on model solutions. The reasons of plant productivity drop and the possible ways of their removal have been discussed.

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Держатели документа:
Institute of Biophysics, SB, RAS, Krasnoyarsk, Russian Federation : 660036, Красноярск, Академгородок, д. 50, стр. 50

Доп.точки доступа:
Tikhomirov, A.A.; Gitelson, J.I.; Ushakova, S.A.; Kovaleva, N.P.; Tikhomirova, N.A.; Gribovskaya, I.V.

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11.

^a314.23.27.07.11^2VINITI
В 93

Высоцкий, Е. С.
Выделение и очистка Ca-зависимого фотопротеина - обелина из гидроидных полипов Obelia longissima [Текст] : научное издание / Е. С. Высоцкий, В. С. Бондарь, В. Н. Летунов // Биохимия. - 1989. - Т. 54, N 6. - С. 965-973 . - ISSN 0320-9725

ГРНТИ

31.23.27

РУБ 314.23.27.07.11
Рубрики:
ФОТОПРОТЕИН
   КАЛЬЦИЙ-ЗАВИСИМЫЙ
   ОБЕЛИН
   ВЫДЕЛЕНИЕ
   ОЧИСТКА
   OBELIA LONGISSIMA
   ПОЛИПЫ ГИДРОИДНЫЕ
   OBELIN
   CA-ACTIVATED PHOTOPROTEIN
   EXTRACTION/PURIFICATION
   HYDROID POLYPS
   BIOLUMINESCENCE
Аннотация: Описан способ выделения и очистки Ca-зависимого фотопротеина - обелина из гидроидных полипов Obelia longissima, включающий: разрушение материала в гипотонич. буфере, фракционирование ПЭГ 6000, фракционирование (NH[4])[2]SO[4] в диапазоне 40-75% насыщения, хроматографию на ДЭАЭ-целлюлозе DE-52, хроматографию на фенил-сефарозе 4В, гель-фильтрацию на сефадексе G-75, гель-фильтрацию на колонке Superose 12 HR 10/30 при помощи системы FPLC. С помощью предложенного метода получен практически чистый обелин с выходом 30-40%. Мол. м. полученного белка, определенная гель-фильтрацией в неденатурирующих условиях, составляет 39,6 кДа, тогда как электрофорез в полиакриламидном геле с додецилсульфатом натрия показывал наличие двух белков с мол. м. 27 и 15,6 кДа соответственно. Библ. 28. Ин-т биофизики СО АН СССР, Красноярск, СССР
: 660036, Красноярск, Академгородок, д. 50, стр. 50

Доп.точки доступа:
Бондарь, В.С.; Летунов, В.Н.

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12.

PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF A PHOTOPROTEIN FROM THE HYDROID POLYP OBELIA-LONGISSIMA [Text] / V. S. BONDAR, K. P. TROFIMOV, E. S. VYSOTSKII // Biochem.-Moscow. - 1992. - Vol. 57, Is. 10. - P1020-1027. - Cited References: 36 . - 8. - ISSN 0006-2979

РУБ Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Рубрики:
CALCIUM-ACTIVATED PHOTOPROTEINS
   CTENOPHORES MNEMIOPSIS SP
   BEROE-OVATA
   AEQUORIN
   CA-2+
   INDICATORS
   PROTEIN
   BINDING
   PURIFICATION
   EXTRACTION
Кл.слова (ненормированные):
BIOLUMINESCENCE -- CA2+-ACTIVATED PHOTOPROTEIN -- OBELIN -- CHROMATOGRAPHY -- CALCIUM
Аннотация: The photoprotein obelin was isolated and purified to homogeneity (as indicated by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis) from hydroids of Obelia longissima by gel filtration on Sephadex G-75 fine, ion exchange chromatography on Polysil CA-300 (10 mum), hydrophobic chromatography on Phenyl-Sepharose CL-4B, gel filtration on Sephacryl S-200 superfine, ion exchange chromatography on a Mono Q column at pH 7.0, chromatofocusing on a Mono P column (pH gradient 6.0-4.0), and ion exchange chromatography on a Mono Q column at pH 5.5, 8.8, and 7.0. The molecular weight of the native protein was 30 kD, and that measured in the presence of SDS was 19.8 kD. The specific activity of obelin is 4.9.10(15) quanta/mg protein, pseudo-first-order constant of bioluminescence decay 4 sec-1, and quantum yield 0.16 The range of measurable Ca2+ concentrations is 10(-7) to 10(-5) M. The luminescence spectrum of obelin peaks at 469 nm, and the fluorescence emission maximum of the discharged protein is at 455 nm. The optimum pH for luminescence is between 9.0 and 10.5. The molecular ionization constants are pK1 6.8 and pK2 12.2, and the ionization constants for the active site are pK1 9.1 and pK2 10.2
: 660036, Красноярск, Академгородок, д. 50, стр. 50

Доп.точки доступа:
BONDAR, V.S.; TROFIMOV, K.P.; VYSOTSKII, E.S.

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13.

MN2+-ACTIVATED LUMINESCENCE OF THE PHOTOPROTEIN OBELIN [Text] / E. S. VYSOTSKI [et al.] // Arch. Biochem. Biophys. - 1995. - Vol. 316, Is. 1. - P92-99, DOI 10.1006/abbi.1995.1014. - Cited References: 38 . - 8. - ISSN 0003-9861

РУБ Biochemistry & Molecular Biology + Biophysics
Рубрики:
CALCIUM-ACTIVATED PHOTOPROTEINS
   CTENOPHORES MNEMIOPSIS SP
   CA-2+-ACTIVATED PHOTOPROTEIN
   MESSENGER-RNA
   BEROE-OVATA
   AEQUORIN
   PURIFICATION
   PROTEIN
   CDNA
   EXTRACTION
Аннотация: The light emission of obelin may be initiated by Mn2+ under alkaline conditions. The luminescence takes place in a pH range from 7 to 12 with a sharp optimum at 11.75. The first-order rate constant for Mn2+-activated luminescence decay is more than 9 s(-1), while that for Ca2+-activated luminescence decay is only 6.9 s(-1). The Mn2+ concentration-effect curve for obelin determined with simple dilutions of manganese salt is a sigmoid curve, The slope of the curve is moderately dependent on the pH and was not more than 1 within the pH range tested. The maximal light emission, which is initiated by 3.6 X 10(-5) M Mn2+ at pH 11.75 was about 10% of the maximal Ca2+-activated luminescence. Mg2+ ions inhibit the Mn2+-activated luminescence of obelin. The addition of OH. and O-2(-) scavengers did not influence the Mn2+-activated luminescence, but when singlet oxygen quenchers were added, the Mn2+-dependent light emission was inhibited. This suggests that the O-1(2) might be formed and itself be responsible for chromophore oxidation attended with light emission. NEM and Na2S2O4 inhibit the Mn2+-initiated light emission of obelin completely, showing that endogenous hydroperoxide and SH-group(s) of the photoprotein are essential for both Ca2+-activated and Mn2+-activated light emission of obelin. (C) 1995 Academic Press, Inc.
: 660036, Красноярск, Академгородок, д. 50, стр. 50

Доп.точки доступа:
VYSOTSKI, E.S.; TROFIMOV, C.P.; BONDAR, V.S.; FRANK, L.A.; MARKOVA, S.V.; ILLARIONOV, B.A.

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14.

ISOLATION AND PROPERTIES OF VARIOUS MOLECULAR-FORMS OF CA2+-ACTIVATED PHOTOPROTEIN OBELIN [Текст] / Y. S. VYSOTSKII, V. S. BONDAR, I. I. GITELZON // DOKLADY AKADEMII NAUK SSSR. - 1991. - Vol. 321, Is. 1. - С. 214-217. - Cited References: 14 . - ISSN 0002-3264

РУБ Multidisciplinary Sciences
Рубрики:
CALCIUM-ACTIVATED PHOTOPROTEINS
   CTENOPHORES MNEMIOPSIS SP
   BEROE-OVATA
   AEQUORIN
   PROTEIN
   PURIFICATION
   EXTRACTION
   PHIALIDIN
   SEQUENCE
: 660036, Красноярск, Академгородок, д. 50, стр. 50

Доп.точки доступа:
VYSOTSKII, Y.S.; BONDAR, V.S.; GITELZON, I.I.

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15.

Extraction of info chemicals inducing the production of resting eggs in cladocerans [Text] / E. S. Zadereev, T. S. Lopatina // Dokl. Biochem. Biophys. - 2015. - Vol. 461, Is. 1. - P127-130, DOI 10.1134/S1607672915020192. - Cited References:13 . - ISSN 1607-6729. - ISSN 1608-3091

РУБ Biochemistry & Molecular Biology + Biophysics
Рубрики:
MOINA-MACROCOPA CLADOCERA
   REPRODUCTION
   CRUSTACEANS
   INDUCTION
   CUES

WOS
Держатели документа:
Russian Acad Sci, Inst Biophys, Siberian Branch, Krasnoyarsk, Russia.

Доп.точки доступа:
Zadereev, E. S.; Lopatina, T. S.

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16.

Advances in the use of molecular tools in ecological and biodiversity assessment of aquatic ecosystems / M. J. Feio, A. F. Filipe, A. Garcia-Raventos [et al.] // Limnetica. - 2020. - Vol. 39: 19th Congress of the Iberian-Association-of-Limnology (AIL) (JUN 24-29, 2018, Coimbra, PORTUGAL), Is. 1. - P419-440, DOI 10.23818/limn.39.27. - Cited References:92. - We are grateful to all participants of the special session "The use of molecular tools in ecological and biodiversity assessment of aquatic ecosystems" for the productive discussions during the AIL 2018 meeting (XIX Iberian Association of Limnology meeting in Coimbra (Portugal, June 2018). M.J. Feio is supported by MARE strategic program (UID/MAR/04292/2013); SFP Almeida is supported by GeoBioTec strategic program UID/GEO/04035/2019. R. Cordeiro was supported by a Ph.D. Grant (M3.1.a/F/017/2011) from Fundo Regional da Ciencia e Tecnologia (FRCT); A.F. Filipe and A. Garcia-Raventos were supported by FRESHING Project "Next-generation biomonitoring: freshwater bioassessment and species conservation improved with metagenomics" funded by the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) and COMPETE (PTDC/AAG-MAA/2261/2014 -POCI-01-0145-FEDER-356 016824); F.M.S. Martins was supported by a FCT PhD grant (SFRH/BD/104703/2014); A.R. Calapez was supported by a grant from the FCT-PhD programme FLUVIO (PD\BD\52510\2014); A.M. Pujante acknowledges the BIOWAT-KIT_E!11892 Eurostars project; Maria Fais and Sofia Duarte were supported, respectively, by a PhD (SFRH/BD/113547/2015) and a post-doc fellowship (SFRH/BPD/109842/2015), from FCT; and C. Murria acknowledges the Fundacio Aigues de Barcelona for funding his research. . - ISSN 0213-8409. - ISSN 1989-1806

РУБ Limnology + Marine & Freshwater Biology
Рубрики:
BARCODE REFERENCE LIBRARY
METABARCODING APPROACH
RAPID ASSESSMENT
Кл.слова (ненормированные):
eDNA -- metabarcoding -- conservation -- ecological quality -- species -- detection -- rivers -- lakes -- thermal springs -- estuaries -- lagoons
Аннотация: Conservation and sustainable management of aquatic ecosystems is a priority in environmental programs worldwide. However, these aims are highly dependent on the efficiency, accuracy and cost of existent methods for the detection of keystone species and monitoring of biological communities. Rapid advances in eDNA, barcoding and metabarcoding promoted by high-throughput sequencing technologies are generating millions of sequences in a fast way, with a promising cost reduction, and overcoming some difficulties of the traditional taxonomic approaches. This paper provides an updated broad perspective of the current developments in this dynamic field presented in the special session (SS) "The use of molecular tools in ecological and biodiversity assessment of aquatic ecosystems" of the XIX Congress of the Iberian Association of Limnology (AIL2018), held in Coimbra, Portugal. Developments presented are mainly focused on the Iberian Peninsula (Portugal and Spain, including Atlantic Macaronesian islands) but include studies in France, Germany, Finland, Russia (Siberia) and South America. The networks within which these researchers are involved are yet even broader, profiting from existing molecular facilities, and traditional taxonomic expertise, which can be viewed as a characteristic of this new research area. It was evident in the SS that the use of molecular tools is widespread, being used to study a diversity of aquatic systems, from rivers' headwaters to estuaries and coastal lagoons, and volcanic, mountain and frozen lakes to hot springs. The organisms targeted are likewise varied and include fish, macroinvertebrates, meiofauna, microalgae such as diatoms and dinoflagellates, other protists, fungi, and bacteria (cyanobacteria and other). Some studies address the whole biodiversity (i.e., all species present independently of the taxonomic group) from environmental samples of water, biofilms and preservative solution from field samples (e.g., ethanol from macroinvertebrate samples). Great advances were acknowledged in the special session, namely in the use of metabarcoding for detecting hidden biodiversity, juvenile stages, low-abundance species, non-indigenous species and toxicity potential, and ultimately for ecological monitoring of diatoms and invertebrates. Yet, several drawbacks were highlighted and need further work, which include: taxonomic gaps in the reference databases (including gaps at species level and on intraspecific variability) or absence of public databases (e.g. for meiofauna), still high sequencing costs, the need of a substantial bioinformatics effort, difficulties in establishing the amount of environmental sample necessary for a good DNA extraction and the need for testing different genetic markers to obtain accurate results.

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Держатели документа:
Marine & Environm Sci Ctr MARE, Coimbra, Portugal.
Univ Coimbra, Fac Sci & Technol, Dept Life Sci, Coimbra, Portugal.
Univ Porto, CIBIO InBio, Ctr Invest Biodiversidade & Recursos Genet, Campus Vairdo,Vila Conde, Porto, Portugal.
Univ Lisbon, Inst Super Agron, Ctr Invest Biodiversidade & Recursos Genet, CIBIO InBio, Lisbon, Portugal.
Univ Oviedo, Dept Funct Biol, C Julian Claveria S-N, E-33006 Oviedo, Spain.
Univ Lisbon, Sch Agr, Linking Landscape Environm Agr & Food LEAF, Lisbon, Portugal.
Labs Tecnol Levante SL, Avda Benjamin Franklin 16, Valencia 46980, Spain.
Univ Aveiro, Dept Biol & GeoBioTec GeoBioSci, GeoTechnol & GeoEngn Res Ctr, Campus Santiago, P-3810193 Aveiro, Portugal.
Univ Barcelona, Grup Recerca Freshwater Ecol Hydrol & Management, Avinguda Diagonal 643, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain.
Univ Barcelona, Inst Recerca Biodiversitat IRBio, Dept Biol Evolut Ecol & Ciencies Ambientals, Fac Biol, Avinguda Diagonal 643, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain.
Siberian Fed Univ, Fac Biol & Biotechnol, Dept Aquat & Terr Ecosyst, Svobodnyy 79, Krasnoyarsk 660041, Russia.
Univ Porto, Dept Biol, Fac Ciencias, Porto, Portugal.
Univ Minho, Ctr Mol & Environm Biol CBMA, Dept Biol, Campus Gualtar, P-4710057 Braga, Portugal.
Univ Cantabria, Environm Hydraul Inst, C Isabel Torres 15, Santander 39011, Spain.
Univ Acores, InBIO Lab Associado, Ctr Invest Biodiversidade & Recursos Genet, CIBIO,Fac Ciencias & Tecnol, P-9501801 Ponta Delgada, Portugal.
Univ Savoie Mt Blanc, INRA, CARRTEL, 75 Av Corzent, F-74200 Thonon Les Bains, France.
Univ Oulu, Dept Ecol & Genet, Stream Ecol Res Grp, Oulu, Finland.
CSIC, Natl Museum Nat Sci, Spanish Natl Res Council, Calle Jose Gutierrez Abascal 2, E-28006 Madrid, Spain.
Allgenetics, Edificio CICA,Campus Elvilia S-N, E-15008 La Coruna, Spain.
FAUNATICA, Kutojantie 11, Espoo, Finland.
Res Inst Ecosyst Anal & Assessment, Kackertstr 10, D-52072 Aachen, Germany.
Russian Acad Sci BI SB RAN, Biophys Inst, Siberian Branch, 50 Akad Gorodok,Str 50, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia.
Univ Perpignan, EPHE UPVD CNRS, 52 Ave Paul Alduy, F-66860 Perpignan, France.
CRIOBE, Lab Excellence Corail, BP 1013, Moorea, French Polynesi, France.

Доп.точки доступа:
Feio, Maria Joao; Filipe, Ana Filipa; Garcia-Raventos, Aina; Ardura, Alba; Calapez, Ana Raquel; Pujante, Ana Maria; Mortagua, Andreia; Murria, Cesc; Diaz-de-Quijano, Daniel; Martins, Filipa M. S.; Duarte, Sofia; Bariain, Marta Sainz; Cordeiro, Rita; Rivera, Sinziana F.; Vaisanen, Leif O. S.; Fonseca, Amelia; Goncalves, Vitor; Garcia-Vazquez, Eva; Rodriguez, David Vieites; Ivanova, Elena A.; Costa, Filipe O.; Barquin, Jose; Rojo, Veronica; Vierna, Joaquin; Fais, Maria; Suarez, Marcos; Nieminen, Marko; Hammers-Wirtz, Monica; Kolmakova, Olesia, V; Trusova, Maria Y.; Beja, Pedro; Gonzalez, Raquel; Planes, Serge; Almeida, Salome F. P.; MARE strategic program [UID/MAR/04292/2013]; GeoBioTec strategic program [UID/GEO/04035/2019]; Fundo Regional da Ciencia e Tecnologia (FRCT) [M3.1.a/F/017/2011]; FRESHING Project "Next-generation biomonitoring: freshwater bioassessment and species conservation improved with metagenomics" - Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT); COMPETE [PTDC/AAG-MAA/2261/2014 -POCI-01-0145-FEDER-356 016824]; FCTPortuguese Foundation for Science and Technology [SFRH/BD/104703/2014, SFRH/BD/113547/2015, SFRH/BPD/109842/2015]; FCT-PhD programme FLUVIO [PD\BD\52510\2014]; Eurostars project [BIOWAT-KIT_E!11892]; Fundacio Aigues de Barcelona

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17.

Extraction of Nanochitin from Marine Resources and Fabrication of Polymer Nanocomposites: Recent Advances / B. Joseph, R. M. Sam, P. Balakrishnan [et al.] // Polymers. - 2020. - Vol. 12, Is. 8. - Ст. 1664, DOI 10.3390/polym12081664. - Cited References:128. - This study was financially supported by project "Agro preparations of the new generation: a strategy of construction and realization" (agreement number 074-02-2018-328) in accordance with resolution number 220 of the Government of the Russian Federation of 9 April 2010, "On measures designed to attract leading scientists to the Russian institutions of higher learning." S.C.M.F. is the recipient of an E2S UPPA Research Partnership Chair (MANTA: Marine Materials) supported by the "Investissements d'Avenir" French program managed by ANR (ANR-16-IDEX-0002), the Region Nouvelle-Aquitaine and the Communaute d'Agglomeration du Pays Basque, France. . - ISSN 2073-4360

РУБ Polymer Science
Рубрики:
NATURAL-RUBBER NANOCOMPOSITES
ELECTROSPUN PVDF MEMBRANE
ALPHA-CHITIN
Кл.слова (ненормированные):
nanochitin -- biodegradable -- marine -- reinforcement -- polysaccharides
Аннотация: Industrial sea food residues, mainly crab and shrimp shells, are considered to be the most promising and abundant source of chitin. In-depth understanding of the biological properties of chitin and scientific advancements in the field of nanotechnology have enabled the development of high-performance chitin nanomaterials. Nanoscale chitin is of great economic value as an efficient functional and reinforcement material for a wide range of applications ranging from water purification to tissue engineering. The use of polymers and nanochitin to produce (bio) nanocomposites offers a good opportunity to prepare bioplastic materials with enhanced functional and structural properties. Most processes for nanochitin isolation rely on the use of chemical, physical or mechanical methods. Chitin-based nanocomposites are fabricated by various methods, involving electrospinning, freeze drying, etc. This review discusses the progress and new developments in the isolation and physico-chemical characterization of chitin; it also highlights the processing of nanochitin in various composite and functional materials.

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Держатели документа:
Mahatma Gandhi Univ, Int & Inter Univ Ctr Nanosci & Nanotechnol, Kottayam 686560, Kerala, India.
Bishop Moore Coll, Res & Post Grad Dept Chem, Mavelikara 690110, Kerala, India.
Plant Lipids Pvt Ltd, Cochin 682311, Kerala, India.
Siberian Fed Univ, Russian Acad Sci, Inst Biophys, Krasnoyarsk 660041, Russia.
Univ Pau & Pays Adour, Inst Interdisciplinary Res Environm & Mat IPREM, IPREM, CNRS,E2S UPPA, F-64600 Anglet, France.
Mahatma Gandhi Univ, Sch Energy Mat, Kottayam 686560, Kerala, India.

Доп.точки доступа:
Joseph, Blessy; Sam, Rubie Mavelil; Balakrishnan, Preetha; Maria, Hanna J.; Gopi, Sreeraj; Volova, Tatiana; Fernandes, Susana C. M.; Thomas, Sabu; Government of the Russian Federation [074-02-2018-328, 220]; "Investissements d'Avenir" French programFrench National Research Agency (ANR) [ANR-16-IDEX-0002]; Region Nouvelle-AquitaineRegion Nouvelle-Aquitaine; Communaute d'Agglomeration du Pays Basque, France

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18.

Overview of past, current, and future ecosystem and biodiversity trends of inland saline lakes of Europe and Central Asia / E. Zadereev, O. Lipka, B. Karimov [et al.] // Inland Waters. - 2020, DOI 10.1080/20442041.2020.1772034. - Cited References:123 . - Article in press. - ISSN 2044-2041. - ISSN 2044-205X

РУБ Limnology + Marine & Freshwater Biology
Рубрики:
ARAL SEA
   SHALLOW LAKES
   SALT LAKES
   WATER-LEVEL
   HISTORY
Кл.слова (ненормированные):
aquatic -- climate -- conservation -- habitat -- salinity
Аннотация: This review of trends in inland saline lakes of Europe and Central Asia is based on the relevant section of the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES) Regional Assessment Report for Europe and Central Asia (ECA). We assessed the present status of ECA saline lakes and the effects of direct drivers (climate change, land use, pollution, resource exploitation, invasive species) on ecosystem health and biodiversity. We also assessed past, current and future trends using habitat area and degradation, species richness, and endangered species as indicators. No uniform scenario is applicable to saline lakes in the region. The desiccation of the Aral Sea is caused mainly by land use change and water extraction. In the Caspian Sea, river modifications, water pollution, overfishing and poaching, and species invasions have led to a decrease in species richness and have threatened endemic species. Although trends for smaller saline lakes vary, our analysis demonstrates that land use change, over-exploitation, and pollution are more important direct drivers of ecosystem health and biodiversity than climate change. The establishment of baseline biodiversity values for saline lakes is, however, complicated because biodiversity and the food-web structure are variable and depend strongly on salinity. Thus, there is a need to classify the ecological quality, biodiversity and ecosystem services of saline lakes along a salinity gradient. The improvement of water management and reuse of water, conservation measures, and introduction of climate-smart agriculture are basic conditions for the sustainable use of saline lakes in the region.

WOS
Держатели документа:
Russian Acad Sci, Krasnoyarsk Sci Ctr, Inst Biophys, Siberian Branch, Krasnoyarsk, Russia.
Siberian Fed Univ, Krasnoyarsk, Russia.
Yu A Izrael Inst Global Climate & Ecol, Moscow, Russia.
Tashkent Inst Irrigat & Agr Mechanizat Engineers, Tashkent, Uzbekistan.
RAS, Shirshov Inst Oceanol, Gelendzhik, Russia.
WWF Russia, Moscow, Russia.
Univ Porto, Fac Sci, Dept Biol, Porto, Portugal.
Interdisciplinary Ctr Marine & Environm Res Ciima, Porto, Portugal.
Azerbaijan Natl Acad Sci, Inst Bot, Baku, Azerbaijan.
Ariel Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Ariel, Israel.
Ariel Univ, Eastern R&D Ctr, Ariel, Israel.
Univ Bristol, Fac Engn, Bristol, Avon, England.
RAS, Inst Geog, Moscow, Russia.
Inst Global Environm Strategies, Hayama, Kanagawa, Japan.
Univ Bern, Inst Plant Sci, Bern, Switzerland.

Доп.точки доступа:
Zadereev, Egor; Lipka, Oksana; Karimov, Bakhtiyor; Krylenko, Marina; Elias, Victoria; Pinto, Isabel Sousa; Alizade, Valida; Anker, Yaakov; Feest, Alan; Kuznetsova, Daria; Mader, Andre; Salimov, Rashad; Fischer, Markus; Sousa, Isabel

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19.

Production and Properties of Microbial Polyhydroxyalkanoates Synthesized from Hydrolysates of Jerusalem Artichoke Tubers and Vegetative Biomass / T. G. Volova, E. G. Kiselev, A. V. Demidenko [et al.] // Polymers. - 2022. - Vol. 14, Is. 1. - Ст. 132, DOI 10.3390/polym14010132. - Cited References:93. - This study was financially supported by Project "Agropreparations of the new generation: a strategy of construction and realization" (Agreement No. 075-15-2021-626) in accordance with Resolution No. 220 of the Government of the Russian Federation of 9 April 2010, "On measures designed to attract leading scientists to the Russian institutions of higher learning" (polymer synthesis, properties), and by the State Assignment of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation No. FSRZ-2020-0006 (films production, surface properties). . - ISSN 2073-4360

РУБ Polymer Science
Рубрики:
GLUCOSE-UTILIZING STRAIN
   RALSTONIA-EUTROPHA
   ASPERGILLUS-NIGER
   ACID
Кл.слова (ненормированные):
Jerusalem artichoke hydrolysates -- PHA synthesis -- productivity -- polyhydroxyalkanoates
Аннотация: One of the major challenges in PHA biotechnology is optimization of biotechnological processes of the entire synthesis, mainly by using new inexpensive carbon substrates. A promising substrate for PHA synthesis may be the sugars extracted from the Jerusalem artichoke. In the present study, hydrolysates of Jerusalem artichoke (JA) tubers and vegetative biomass were produced and used as carbon substrate for PHA synthesis. The hydrolysis procedure (the combination of aqueous extraction and acid hydrolysis, process temperature and duration) influenced the content of reducing substances (RS), monosaccharide contents, and the fructose/glucose ratio. All types of hydrolysates tested as substrates for cultivation of three strains-C. necator B-10646 and R. eutropha B 5786 and B 8562-were suitable for PHA synthesis, producing different biomass concentrations and polymer contents. The most productive process, conducted in 12-L fermenters, was achieved on hydrolysates of JA tubers (X = 66.9 g/L, 82% PHA) and vegetative biomass (55.1 g/L and 62% PHA) produced by aqueous extraction of sugars at 80 degrees C followed by acid hydrolysis at 60 degrees C, using the most productive strain, C. necator B-10646. The effects of JA hydrolysates on physicochemical properties of PHAs were studied for the first time. P(3HB) specimens synthesized from the JA hydrolysates, regardless of the source (tubers or vegetative biomass), hydrolysis conditions, and PHA producing strain employed, exhibited the 100-120 degrees C difference between the T-melt and T-degr, prevailing of the crystalline phase over the amorphous one (C-x between 69 and 75%), and variations in weight average molecular weight (409-480) kDa. Supplementation of the culture medium of C. necator B-10646 grown on JA hydrolysates with potassium valerate and epsilon-caprolactone resulted in the synthesis of P(3HB-co-3HV) and P(3HB-co-4HB) copolymers that had decreased degrees of crystallinity and molecular weights, which influenced the porosity and surface roughness of polymer films prepared from them. The study shows that JA hydrolysates used as carbon source enabled productive synthesis of PHAs, comparable to synthesis from pure sugars. The next step is to scale up PHA synthesis from JA hydrolysates and conduct the feasibility study. The present study contributes to the solution of the critical problem of PHA biotechnology-finding widely available and inexpensive substrates.

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Держатели документа:
Siberian Fed Univ, Sch Fundamental Biol & Biotechnol, Basic Dept Biotechnol, Krasnoyarsk 660041, Russia.
Krasnoyarsk Sci Ctr SB RAS, Fed Res Ctr, Inst Biophys, SB RAS, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia.
Krasnoyarsk Sci Ctr SB RAS, LV Kirensky Phys Inst, Fed Res Ctr, SB RAS, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia.
Russian Acad Sci, Fed Res Ctr, Krasnoyarsk Sci Ctr, Siberian Branch, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia.

Доп.точки доступа:
Volova, Tatiana G.; Kiselev, Evgeniy G.; Demidenko, Alexey V.; Zhila, Natalia O.; Nemtsev, Ivan V.; Lukyanenko, Anna V.; Kiselev, Evgeniy; Project "Agropreparations of the new generation: a strategy of construction and realization" [075-15-2021-626]; State Assignment of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation [FSRZ-2020-0006]

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