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Direct utilization of human liquid wastes by plants in a closed ecosystem / G. M. Lisovsky [et al.] // Advances in Space Research. - 1997. - Vol. 20, Is. 10. - P1801-1804 . - ISSN 0273-1177
Кл.слова (ненормированные):
fertilizer -- nitrogen -- sodium chloride -- urea -- article -- biomass -- culture medium -- feasibility study -- human -- metabolism -- methodology -- microclimate -- sewage -- urine -- waste management -- wheat -- Biomass -- Culture Media -- Ecological Systems, Closed -- Feasibility Studies -- Fertilizers -- Humans -- Nitrogen -- Sodium Chloride -- Triticum -- Urea -- Urine -- Waste Disposal, Fluid -- Waste Management
Аннотация: Model experiments in phytotrons have shown that urea is able to cover 70% of the demand in nitrogen of the conveyer cultivated wheat. At the same time wheat plants can directly utilize human liquid wastes. In this article by human liquid wastes the authors mean human urine only. In a long-term experiment on "man-higher plants" system with two crewmen, plants covered 63 m2, with wheat planted to - 39.6 m2. For 103 days, complete human urine (total amount - 210.7 1) wassupplied into the nutrient solution for wheat. In a month and a half NaCl supply into the nutrient solution stabilized at 0.9-1.65 g/l. This salination had no marked effect on wheat production. The experiment revealed the realistic feasibility to directly involve liquid wastes into the biological turnover of the life support system. The closure of the system, in terms of water, increased by 15.7% and the supply of nutrients for wheat plants into the system was decreased. Closedness of biological turnover of matter in a man-made "man - higher plants" ecological system might involve, among other processes, direct utilization of human liquid wastes by plants. The amount of urine comprises 15-20% of the total amount of water cycling within the system including water as part of food, household, hygiene and potable water necessary for man. What is more, it they contains most nitrogen-bearing compounds emitted by man, almost all of the NaCl and some other substances involved in the biological turnover. Human liquid wastes can be utilized either by preliminary physical-chemical treatment (evaporating or freezing out the water, finally oxidizing the organic matter, isolating the mineral components required for plants, etc.) and further involvement of the obtained products or by direct application into the nutrient solution for plants. The challenge of direct utilization is that plants have no need of Na+ and Cl-, and also the organic forms of nitrogen emitted by man cannot fully meet the demand of plants forthis element. Besides, hygienic and/or psychological reasons make it desirable to avoid direct use of liquid wastes in the nutrient solutions that would have direct contact with edible part of plants (tubers, roots, bulbs). Feasibility of direct utilization of liquid wastes by plants in a closed "man - higher plants" ecosystem has been experimentally studied on wheat - grain culture as a model plant with the edible part in the form of seeds spatially dissociated with the nutrient medium. The wheat covered 60-65% of the area under higher plants. The studies have been carried out in "Bios-3"experimental facility described in detail elsewhere (Lisovsky, 1979; Gitelson et al., 1989). В© 1997 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd.

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Держатели документа:
Inst. Biophys.-Russ. Acad. of Sci., Siberian Branch, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russian Federation : 660036, Красноярск, Академгородок, д. 50, стр. 50

Доп.точки доступа:
Lisovsky, G.M.; Gitelson, J.I.; Shilenko, M.P.; Gribovskaya, I.V.; Trubachev, I.N.

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Constructing Slow-Release Formulations of Ammonium Nitrate Fertilizer Based on Degradable Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) / A. N. Boyandin [et al.] // J. Agric. Food Chem. - 2017. - Vol. 65, Is. 32. - P6745-6752, DOI 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b01217 . - ISSN 0021-8561
Кл.слова (ненормированные):
ammonium nitrate -- degradable poly-3-hydroxybutyrate -- embedding -- fillers -- nitrogen fertilizers -- tablets -- Chemical contamination -- Ecology -- Ecosystems -- Fertilizers -- Fillers -- Nitrates -- Plastic coatings -- Ammonium nitrate -- Ammonium nitrate fertilizers -- embedding -- In-laboratory experiments -- Poly-3-hydroxybutyrate -- Slow release fertilizers -- tablets -- Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) -- Nitrogen fertilizers
Аннотация: The present study describes construction and investigation of experimental formulations of ammonium nitrate embedded in a matrix of degradable natural polymer poly-3-hydroxybutyrate [P(3HB)] and P(3HB) blended with wood flour shaped as tablets, some of them coated with P(3HB). Kinetics of ammonium release into soil as dependent on the composition of the polymer matrix was investigated in laboratory experiments. The rates of fertilizer release from formulations coated with a biopolymer layer were considerably (two months or longer) slower than the rates of fertilizer release from uncoated formulations, while release from polymer and composite (polymer/wood flour) formulations occurred with comparable rates. The use of the experimental formulations in laboratory ecosystems with wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) was more effective than application of free ammonium nitrate. The advantage of the slow-release fertilizer formulations is that they are buried in soil together with the seeds, and the fertilizer remains effective over the first three months of plant growth. The use of such slow-release formulations will reduce the amounts of chemicals released into the environment, which will curb their accumulation in food chains of ecosystems and mitigate their adverse effects on the biosphere. © 2017 American Chemical Society.

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Держатели документа:
Institute of Biophysics, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Federal Research Center, Krasnoyarsk Science Center SB RAS, 50/50 Akademgorodok, Krasnoyarsk, Russian Federation
Siberian Federal University, 79 Svobodny pr., Krasnoyarsk, Russian Federation

Доп.точки доступа:
Boyandin, A. N.; Kazantseva, E. A.; Varygina, D. E.; Volova, T. G.

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The use of the data derived from the PlanetScope satellite and unmanned aerial vehicles to estimate crop yield as dependent on the amount of nitrogen fertilizer applied / N. O. Malchikov, T. I. Pisman, I. Y. Botvich [et al.] // IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science : IOP Publishing Ltd, 2021. - Vol. 839: 5th International Scientific Conference on Agribusiness, Environmental Engineering and Biotechnologies, AGRITECH-V 2021 (16 June 2021 through 19 June 2021, ) Conference code: 172484, Is. 2. - Ст. 022004, DOI 10.1088/1755-1315/839/2/022004
Аннотация: The purpose of the present study is to show the usefulness of the satellite data and the data derived from unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) for estimating the relationship between cereal grain crop yield and the amount of nitrogen fertilizer applied. The study was conducted on the land of the Kuraginskoye Research Farm. The study material was spring barley cv. Biom. Three test plots were studied; mineral fertilizer, urea, was used in different quantities for foliar application in June; applications were performed at equal intervals. Multispectral images were based on PlanetScope satellite data, with the 3 m spatial resolution, and the data derived from the DJI Phantom 4 Multispectral UAV, with the 10 cm resolution. The satellite and UAV data were used to calculate spectral vegetation index (NDVI) (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index). A high correlation was obtained between the NDVI values calculated using satellite data and UAV data. The satellite data provided the basis for assessing barley crop yield as dependent on the amount of foliar-applied urea during the growing season. Maps of the spatial distribution of barley NDVI were constructed using the Phantom UAV data; they showed that the third foliar application of the fertilizer was not economically justified. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd.

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Держатели документа:
Institute of Biophysics, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Krasnoyarsk, Russian Federation
Kuragino RF, FRC KSC SB RAS, Kuragino, Krasnoyarsk Krai, Russian Federation

Доп.точки доступа:
Malchikov, N. O.; Pisman, T. I.; Botvich, I. Y.; Emelyanov, D. V.; Vagner, V. V.; Shevyrnogov, A. P.

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