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Self-restoration as fundamental property of CES providing their sustainability / I. I. Gitelson, A. G. Degermendzhy, E. K. Rodicheva // Advances in Space Research. - 2003. - Vol. 31, Is. 7. - P1641-1648, DOI 10.1016/S0273-1177(03)00111-X . - ISSN 0273-1177
Кл.слова (ненормированные):
Biocatalysts -- Ecosystems -- Genes -- Life support systems (spacecraft) -- Radiation damage -- Cell populations -- Space flight -- space shuttle -- article -- biological model -- biomass -- cell division -- Chlorella -- cytology -- growth, development and aging -- microclimate -- radiation exposure -- radiation response -- ultraviolet radiation -- Biomass -- Cell Division -- Chlorella -- Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation -- Ecological Systems, Closed -- Life Support Systems -- Models, Biological -- Ultraviolet Rays
Аннотация: Sustainability is one of the most important criteria and evaluation of human life support systems intended for use during long space flights. The common feature of biological and physicochemical life support systems is that basically they are both catalytic. But there are two fundamental properties distinguishing biological systems: 1) they are auto-catalytic: their catalysts - enzymes of protein nature - are continuously reproduced when the system functions; 2) the program of every process performed by enzymes and the program of their reproduction are inherent in the biological system itself - in the totality of genomes of the species involved in the functioning of the ecosystem. Actually, one cell with the genome capable of the phenotypic realization is enough for the self-restoration of the function performed by the cells of this species in the ecosystem. The continuous microalgal culture of Chlorella vulgaris was taken to investigate quantitatively the process of self-restoration in unicellular algae population. Based on the data obtained, we proposed a mathematical model of the restoration process in a cell population that has suffered an acute radiation damage. В© 2003 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.

Scopus
Держатели документа:
Institute of Biophysics, SB RAS, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russian Federation : 660036, Красноярск, Академгородок, д. 50, стр. 50

Доп.точки доступа:
Gitelson, I.I.; Degermendzhy, A.G.; Rodicheva, E.K.

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Assessment of composition and toxicity for plants of gases produced during physicochemical processing of human exometabolites as applied to biotechnical life support systems / A. A. Tikhomirov [et al.] // Doklady Biochemistry and Biophysics. - 2011. - Vol. 441, Is. 1. - P252-254, DOI 10.1134/S1607672911060032 . - ISSN 1607-6729
Кл.слова (ненормированные):
ammonia -- carbon dioxide -- nitrogen oxide -- oxygen -- article -- biomass -- bioremediation -- drug effect -- gas -- growth, development and aging -- human -- instrumentation -- methodology -- microclimate -- plant -- waste management -- Ammonia -- Biodegradation, Environmental -- Biomass -- Carbon Dioxide -- Ecological Systems, Closed -- Gases -- Humans -- Life Support Systems -- Nitrogen Oxides -- Oxygen -- Plants -- Waste Management

Scopus
Держатели документа:
Institute of Biophysics, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Akademgorodok, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russian Federation
Boreskov Institute of Catalysis, Omsk Branch, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Neftezavodskaya 54, Omsk 644053, Russian Federation
Siberian Federal University, Svobodnyi pr. 41, Krasnoyarsk 660079, Russian Federation : 660036, Красноярск, Академгородок, д. 50, стр. 50

Доп.точки доступа:
Tikhomirov, A.A.; Kudenko, Y.A.; Degermendzhi, A.G.; Trifonov, S.V.; Sutormina, E.F.; Ivanova, Y.A.

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Some methods for human liquid and solid waste utilization in bioregenerative life-support systems / S. A. Ushakova [et al.] // Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology. - 2008. - Vol. 151, Is. 2-3. - P676-685, DOI 10.1007/s12010-008-8291-3 . - ISSN 0273-2289
Кл.слова (ненормированные):
Closure -- Human waste -- Life-support systems -- Salicornia -- Sodium chloride -- Above-ground biomass -- Biological lives -- Bioregenerative -- Closure -- Cultivation process -- Culture methods -- Human waste -- Irrigation waters -- Life-support systems -- Manned space missions -- Mineral elements -- Physico-chemical methods -- Salicornia -- Salicornia europaea -- Salt-tolerant -- Soil-like substrates -- Biomass -- Body fluids -- Electrodialysis -- Grain (agricultural product) -- Irrigation -- Liquids -- Metal refining -- Minerals -- Mining -- Oxidation -- Plant shutdowns -- Sodium chloride -- Soils -- Solid wastes -- Substrates -- Water supply -- Vegetation -- article -- biomass -- controlled study -- electrodialysis -- halophyte -- irrigation (agriculture) -- microclimate -- nonhuman -- recycling -- Salicornia europaea -- solid waste -- bioremediation -- dialysis -- feces -- goosefoot -- growth, development and aging -- human -- methodology -- salt tolerance -- urine -- waste management -- wheat -- Batis maritima -- Salicornia -- Salicornia europaea -- Triticum aestivum -- Biodegradation, Environmental -- Chenopodiaceae -- Dialysis -- Feces -- Humans -- Life Support Systems -- Salt-Tolerance -- Triticum -- Urine -- Waste Management
Аннотация: Bioregenerative life-support systems (BLSS) are studied for developing the technology for a future biological life-support system for long-term manned space missions. Ways to utilize human liquid and solid wastes to increase the closure degree of BLSS were investigated. First, urine and faeces underwent oxidation by Kudenko's physicochemical method. The products were then used for root nutrition of wheat grown by the soil-like substrate culture method. Two means of eliminating sodium chloride, introduced into the irrigation solution together with the products of urine oxidation, were investigated. The first was based on routine electrodialysis of irrigation water at the end of wheat vegetation. Dialysis eliminated about 50% of Na from the solution. This desalinization was performed for nine vegetations. The second method was new: after wheat cultivation, the irrigation solution and the solution obtained by washing the substrate containing mineral elements not absorbed by the plants were used to grow salt-tolerant Salicornia europaea L. plants (saltwort). The above-ground biomass of this plant can be used as a food, and roots can be added to the soil-like substrate. Four consecutive wheat and Salicornia vegetations were cultivated. As a result of this wheat and Salicornia cultivation process, the soil-like substrate salinization by NaCl were considerably decreased. В© 2008 Humana Press.

Scopus
Держатели документа:
Institute of Biophysics, Russian Academy of Science, Siberian Branch, 660036 Krasnoyarsk, Russian Federation
K.A. Timiraziev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Science, 35 Botanisheskaya, 127276 Moscow, Russian Federation
LGCB, Universite Blaise Pascal, Polytech'Clermont-Ferrand, P.O. Box 206, 63174 Aubiere cedex, France : 660036, Красноярск, Академгородок, д. 50, стр. 50

Доп.точки доступа:
Ushakova, S.A.; Zolotukhin, I.G.; Tikhomirov, A.A.; Tikhomirova, N.A.; Kudenko, Yu.A.; Gribovskaya, I.V.; Balnokin, Yu.; Gros, J.B.

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Biological and physicochemical methods for utilization of plant wastes and human exometabolites for increasing internal cycling and closure of life support systems / I. G. Zolotukhin [et al.] // Advances in Space Research. - 2005. - Vol. 35, Is. 9 SPEC. ISS. - P1559-1562, DOI 10.1016/j.asr.2005.01.006 . - ISSN 0273-1177
Кл.слова (ненормированные):
BLSS -- Desalting -- Higher plants -- NaCl utilization -- SLS -- Biomass -- Crops -- Decomposition -- Electrodialysis -- Harvesting -- Metabolites -- Soils -- Wastes -- BLSS -- Higher plants -- NaCl utilization -- SLS -- Plants (botany) -- Biomass -- Decay -- Deionization -- Harvesting -- Plants -- Soil -- Wastes -- Wheat -- sodium chloride -- article -- biomass -- bioremediation -- culture medium -- feces -- growth, development and aging -- human -- metabolism -- methodology -- microbiology -- microclimate -- urine -- waste management -- wheat -- Biodegradation, Environmental -- Biomass -- Culture Media -- Ecological Systems, Closed -- Feces -- Humans -- Life Support Systems -- Sodium Chloride -- Soil Microbiology -- Triticum -- Urine -- Waste Management
Аннотация: Wheat was cultivated on soil-like substrate (SLS) produced by the action of worms and microflora from the inedible biomass of wheat. After the growth of the wheat crop, the inedible biomass was restored in SLS and exposed to decomposition ("biological" combustion) and its mineral compounds were assimilated by plants. Grain was returned to the SLS in the amount equivalent to human solid waste produced by consumption of the grain. Human wastes (urine and feces) after physicochemical processing turned into mineralized form (mineralized urine and mineralized feces) and entered the plants' nutrient solution amounts equal to average daily production. Periodically (once every 60-70 days) the nutrient solution was partly (up to 50%) desalinated by electrodialysis. Due to this NaCl concentration in the nutrient solution was sustained at a fixed level of about 0.26%. The salt concentrate obtained could be used in the human nutrition through NaCl extraction and the residuary elements were returned through the mineralized human liquid wastes into matter turnover. The control wheat cultivation was carried out on peat with use of the Knop nutrient solution. Serial cultivation of several wheat vegetations within 280 days was conducted during the experiment. Grain output varied and yield/harvest depended, in large part, upon the amount of inedible biomass returned to SLS and the speed of its decomposition. After achieving a stationary regime, (when the quantity of wheat inedible biomass utilized during vegetation in SLS is equal to the quantity of biomass introduced into SLS before vegetation) grain harvest in comparison with the control was at most 30% less, and in some cases was comparable to the control harvest values. The investigations carried out on the wheat example demonstrated in principle the possibility of long-term functioning of the LSS photosynthesizing link based on optimizations of biological and physicochemical methods of utilization of the human and plants wastes. The possibilities for the use of these technologies for the creation integrated biological-physicochemical LSS with high closure degree of internal matter turnover are discussed in this paper. В© 2005 Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of COSPAR.

Scopus
Держатели документа:
Institute of Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Siberian Branch, Akademgorodok, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russian Federation : 660036, Красноярск, Академгородок, д. 50, стр. 50

Доп.точки доступа:
Zolotukhin, I.G.; Tikhomirov, A.A.; Kudenko, Yu.A.; Gribovskaya, I.V.

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Influence of high concentrations of mineral salts on production process and NaCl accumulation by Salicornia europaea plants as a constituent of the LSS phototroph link / N. A. Tikhomirova [et al.] // Advances in Space Research. - 2005. - Vol. 35, Is. 9 SPEC. ISS. - P1589-1593, DOI 10.1016/j.asr.2005.01.055 . - ISSN 0273-1177
Кл.слова (ненормированные):
BLSS -- Intensity of PAR -- Mineral nutrition -- Productivity -- Salicornia europaea -- Biomass -- Concentration (process) -- Nitrogen -- Nutrition -- Photosynthesis -- Productivity -- Sodium chloride -- Bioregenerative life support systems (BLSS) -- Intensity of PAR -- Mineral nutrition -- Salicornia europaea -- Plants (botany) -- calcium -- magnesium -- nitrogen -- phosphorus -- potassium -- sodium chloride -- sulfur -- urea -- biomass -- conference paper -- culture medium -- dose response -- drug effect -- goosefoot -- growth, development and aging -- human -- light -- metabolism -- microclimate -- radiation exposure -- urine -- Biomass -- Calcium -- Chenopodiaceae -- Culture Media -- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug -- Ecological Systems, Closed -- Humans -- Life Support Systems -- Light -- Magnesium -- Nitrogen -- Phosphorus -- Potassium -- Sodium Chloride -- Sulfur -- Urea -- Urine
Аннотация: Use of halophytes (salt-tolerant vegetation), in a particular vegetable Salicornia europaea plants which are capable of utilizing NaCl in rather high concentrations, is one of possible means of NaCl incorporation into mass exchange of bioregenerative life support systems. In preliminary experiments it was shown that S. europaea plants, basically, could grow on urine pretreated with physicochemical processing and urease-enzyme decomposing of urea with the subsequent ammonia distillation. But at the same time inhibition of the growth process of the plants was observed. The purpose of the given work was to find out the influence of excessive quantities of some mineral elements contained in products of physicochemical processing of urine on the production process and NaCl accumulation by S. europaea plants. As the content of mineral salts in the human liquid wastes (urine) changed within certain limits, two variants of experimental solutions were examined. In the first variant, the concentration of mineral salts was equivalent to the minimum salt content in the urine and was: K - 1.5 g/l, P - 0.5 g/l, S - 0.5 g/l, Mg - 0.07 g/l, Ca - 0.2 g/l. In the second experimental variant, the content of mineral salts corresponded to the maximum salt content in urine and was the following: K - 3.0 g/l, P - 0.7 g/l, S - 1.2 g/l, Mg - 0.2 g/l, Ca - 0.97 g/l. As the control, the Tokarev nutrient solution containing nitrogen in the form of a urea, and the Knop nutrient solution with nitrogen in the nitrate form were used. N quantity in all four variants made up 177 mg/l. Air temperature was 24 В°C, illumination was continuous. Light intensity was 690 ?mol/m2s of photosynthetically active radiation. NaCl concentration in solutions was 1%. Our researches showed that the dry aboveground biomass of an average plant of the first variant practically did not differ from the control and totaled 11 g. In the second variant, S. europaea productivity decreased and the dry aboveground biomass of an average plant totaled 8 g. The increase of K quantity in the experimental solutions resulted in an elevated content of the element in the plants. The increase of K uptake in the second experimental variant was accompanied by a 30-50% decrease of Na content in comparison with the other variants. Comparative Na content in the other variants was practically identical. N, Mg and P content in the control and experimental variants was also practically identical. The increase of S quantity in the second experimental variant also increased S uptake by the plants. But Ca quantity, accumulated in aboveground plants biomass in the experimental variants was lower than in the control. NaCl uptake by plants, depending on the concentration of mineral salts in the experimental solutions, ranged from 8 g (maximum salt content) up to 15 g (minimum salt content) on a plant growth area that totaled 0.032 m2. Thus, high concentrations of mineral salts simulating the content of mineral salts contained in urine did not result in a significant decrease of S. europaea productivity. The present work also considers the influence of higher light intensity concentrations on productivity and NaCl accumulation by S. europaea plants grown on experimental solutions with high salt content. В© 2005 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Scopus
Держатели документа:
Institute of Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Siberian Branch, Akademgorodok, 660036 Krasnoyarsk, Russian Federation : 660036, Красноярск, Академгородок, д. 50, стр. 50

Доп.точки доступа:
Tikhomirova, N.A.; Ushakova, S.A.; Kovaleva, N.P.; Gribovskaya, I.V.; Tikhomirov, A.A.

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Synthesis of biomass and utilization of plants wastes in a physical model of biological life-support system / A. A. Tikhomirov [et al.] // Acta Astronautica. - 2003. - Vol. 53, Is. 4-10. - P249-257, DOI 10.1016/S0094-5765(03)00137-1 . - ISSN 0094-5765
Кл.слова (ненормированные):
Ecosystems -- Microorganisms -- pH -- Photosynthesis -- Plants (botany) -- Synthesis (chemical) -- Waste utilization -- Biological life support systems (BLLS) -- Gas exchange -- Plant respiration -- Biomass -- carbon dioxide -- Agaricales -- article -- biomass -- bioremediation -- growth, development and aging -- hydroponics -- incineration -- metabolism -- methodology -- microbiology -- microclimate -- photosynthesis -- plant physiology -- radish -- space flight -- waste management -- weightlessness -- wheat -- Agaricales -- Biodegradation, Environmental -- Biomass -- Carbon Dioxide -- Ecological Systems, Closed -- Environmental Microbiology -- Hydroponics -- Incineration -- Life Support Systems -- Photosynthesis -- Plant Physiology -- Raphanus -- Space Flight -- Triticum -- Waste Management -- Weightlessness
Аннотация: The paper considers problems of biosynthesis of higher plants' biomass and "biological incineration" of plant wastes in a working physical model of biological LSS. The plant wastes are "biologically incinerated" in a special heterotrophic block involving Califomian worms, mushrooms and straw. The block processes plant wastes (straw, haulms) to produce soil-like substrate (SLS) on which plants (wheat, radish) are grown. Gas exchange in such a system consists of respiratory gas exchange of SLS and photosynthesis and respiration of plants. Specifics of gas exchange dynamics of high plants - SLS complex has been considered. Relationship between such a gas exchange and PAR irradiance and age of plants has been established. Nitrogen and iron were found to the first to limit plants' growth on SLS when process conditions are deranged. The SLS microflora has been found to have different kinds of ammonifying and denitrifying bacteria which is indicative of intensive transformation of nitrogen-containing compounds. The number of physiological groups of microorganisms in SLS was, on the whole, steady. As a result, organic substances - products of exchange of plants and microorganisms were not accumulated in the medium, but mineralized and assimilated by the biocenosis. Experiments showed that the developed model of a man-made ecosystem realized complete utilization of plant wastes and involved them into the intrasystem turnover. В© 2003 International Astronautical Federation. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.

Scopus
Держатели документа:
Institute of Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Siberian Branch, Krasnoyarsk, Russian Federation
Universite B. Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand, France
Environ. Contr. Life Support Sect., ESA, Estec Noonvijk, Netherlands : 660036, Красноярск, Академгородок, д. 50, стр. 50

Доп.точки доступа:
Tikhomirov, A.A.; Ushakova, S.A.; Manukovsky, N.S.; Lisovsky, G.M.; Kudenko, Yu.A.; Koyalev, V.S.; Gribovskaya, I.V.; Tirranen, L.S.; Zolotukhin, I.G.; Gros, J.B.; Lasseur, Ch.

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Mass exchange in an experimental new-generation life support system model based on biological regeneration of environment / A. A. Tikhomirov [et al.] // Advances in Space Research. - 2003. - Vol. 31, Is. 7. - P1711-1720, DOI 10.1016/S0273-1177(03)80017-0 . - ISSN 0273-1177
Кл.слова (ненормированные):
Biomass -- Photosynthesis -- Plants (botany) -- Transpiration -- Mass exchange -- Life support systems (spacecraft) -- ammonia -- nitrogen -- oxygen -- biosphere -- animal -- annelid worm -- article -- biological model -- biomass -- bioremediation -- evaluation -- growth, development and aging -- human -- metabolism -- microclimate -- photosynthesis -- Pleurotus -- radish -- wheat -- Ammonia -- Animals -- Biodegradation, Environmental -- Biomass -- Ecological Systems, Closed -- Evaluation Studies -- Humans -- Life Support Systems -- Models, Biological -- Nitrogen -- Oligochaeta -- Oxygen -- Photosynthesis -- Pleurotus -- Raphanus -- Triticum
Аннотация: An experimental model of a biological life support system was used to evaluate qualitative and quantitative parameters of the internal mass exchange. The photosynthesizing unit included the higher plant component (wheat and radish), and the heterotrophic unit consisted of a soil-like substrate, California worms, mushrooms and microbial microflora. The gas mass exchange involved evolution of oxygen by the photosynthesizing component and its uptake by the heterotroph component along with the formation and maintaining of the SLS structure, growth of mushrooms and California worms, human respiration, and some other processes. Human presence in the system in the form of "virtual human" that at regular intervals took part in the respirative gas exchange during the experiment. Experimental data demonstrated good oxygen/carbon dioxide balance, and the closure of the cycles of these gases was almost complete. The water cycle was nearly 100% closed. The main components in the water mass exchange were transpiration water and the watering solution with mineral elements. Human consumption of the edible plant biomass (grains and roots) was simulated by processing these products by a unique physicochemical method of oxidizing them to inorganic mineral compounds, which were then returned into the system and fully assimilated by the plants. The oxidation was achieved by "wet combustion" of organic biomass, using hydrogen peroxide following a special procedure, which does not require high temperature and pressure. Hydrogen peroxide is produced from the water inside the system. The closure of the cycle was estimated for individual elements and compounds. Stoichiometric proportions are given for the main components included in the experimental model of the system. Approaches to the mathematical modeling of the cycling processes are discussed, using the data of the experimental model. Nitrogen, as a representative of biogenic elements, shows an almost 100% closure of the cycle inside the system. The proposed experimental model of a biological system is discussed as a candidate for potential application in the investigations aimed at creating ecosystems with largely closed cycles of the internal mass exchange. The formation and maintenance of sustainable cycling of vitally important chemical elements and compounds in biological life support systems (BLSS) is an extremely pressing problem. To attain the stable functioning of biological life support systems (BLSS) and to maintain a high degree of closure of material cycles in them, it is essential to understand the character of mass exchange processes and stoichiometric proportions of the initial and synthesized components of the system. В© 2003 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.

Scopus
Держатели документа:
Institute of Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Siberian Branch, Krasnoyarsk, Russian Federation
Universite B. Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand, France
Environ. Control/Life Support Sect., ESA, Estec Noorwijk, Netherlands : 660036, Красноярск, Академгородок, д. 50, стр. 50

Доп.точки доступа:
Tikhomirov, A.A.; Ushakova, S.A.; Manukovsky, N.S.; Lisovsky, G.M.; Kudenko, Yu.A.; Kovalev, V.S.; Gubanov, V.G.; Barkhatov, Yu.V.; Gribovskaya, I.V.; Zolotukhin, I.G.; Gros, J.B.; Lasseur, Ch.

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Volatile metabolites of higher plant crops as a photosynthesizing life support system component under temperature stress at different light intensities / I. I. Gitelson [et al.] // Advances in Space Research. - 2003. - Vol. 31, Is. 7. - P1781-1786, DOI 10.1016/S0273-1177(03)00121-2 . - ISSN 0273-1177
Кл.слова (ненормированные):
Composition -- Crops -- Heat resistance -- Metabolites -- Photosynthesis -- Volatile metabolites -- Space research -- biosphere -- article -- comparative study -- gas -- growth, development and aging -- heat -- indoor air pollution -- light -- metabolism -- microclimate -- photon -- photosynthesis -- physiology -- radiation exposure -- volatilization -- wheat -- Air Pollution, Indoor -- Environment, Controlled -- Gases -- Heat -- Life Support Systems -- Light -- Photons -- Photosynthesis -- Triticum -- Volatilization
Аннотация: The effect of elevated temperatures of 35 and 45В°C (at the intensities of photosynthetically active radiation 322, 690 and 1104 ?mol-m-2-s-1) on the photosynthesis, respiration, and qualitative and quantitative composition of the volatiles emitted by wheat (Triticum aestuvi L., cultivar 232) crops was investigated in growth chambers. Identification and quantification of more than 20 volatile compounds (terpenoids - ?-pinene, ?3 carene, limonene, benzene, ?-and transcaryophyllene, ?- and ?-terpinene, their derivatives, aromatic hydrocarbons, etc.) were conducted by gas chromatograph/mass spectrometry. Under light intensity of 1104 ?mol-m-2-s-1, heat resistance of photosynthesis and respiration increased at 35В°C and decreased at 45В°C. The action of elevated temperatures brought about variations in the rate and direction of the synthesis of volatile metabolites. The emission of volatile compounds was the greatest under a reduced irradiation of 322 ?mol-m-2-s-1 and the smallest under 1104 ?mol-m-2-s-1 at 35В°C. During the repair period, the contents and proportions of volatile compounds were different from their initial values, too. The degree of disruption and the following recovery of the functional state depended on the light intensity during the exposure to elevated temperatures. The investigation of the atmosphere of the growth chamber without plants has revaled the substances that were definitely technogenic in origin: tetramethylurea, dimethylsulfide, dibutylsulfide, dibutylphthalate, and a number of components of furan and silane nature. В© 2003 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.

Scopus
Держатели документа:
Institute of Biophysics, Siberian Branch, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russian Federation : 660036, Красноярск, Академгородок, д. 50, стр. 50

Доп.точки доступа:
Gitelson, I.I.; Tikhomirov, A.A.; Parshina, O.V.; Ushakova, S.A.; Kalacheva, G.S.

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Recycling efficiencies of C,H,O,N,S, and P elements in a biological life support system based on micro-organisms and higher plants / J. B. Gros [et al.] // Advances in Space Research. - 2003. - Vol. 31, Is. 1. - P195-199, DOI 10.1016/S0273-1177(02)00739-1 . - ISSN 0273-1177
Кл.слова (ненормированные):
Biomass -- Biosynthesis -- Chemical elements -- Earth atmosphere -- Ecosystems -- Life support systems (spacecraft) -- Manned space flight -- Microorganisms -- Plants (botany) -- Wastes -- Compartments -- Space research -- carbon -- carbon dioxide -- hydrogen -- nitrogen -- oxygen -- phosphorus -- sulfur -- space technology -- article -- biological model -- biomass -- chemistry -- comparative study -- computer simulation -- growth, development and aging -- metabolism -- methodology -- microbiology -- microclimate -- plant -- waste management -- Biomass -- Carbon -- Carbon Dioxide -- Computer Simulation -- Ecological Systems, Closed -- Environmental Microbiology -- Hydrogen -- Life Support Systems -- Models, Biological -- Nitrogen -- Oxygen -- Phosphorus -- Plants, Edible -- Sulfur -- Waste Management
Аннотация: MELiSSA is a microorganism based artificial ecosystem conceived as a tool for understanding the behavior of ecosystems and developing the technology for future Manned Space Missions. MELiSSA is composed of four compartments colonized by the microorganisms required by the function of this ecosystem : breakdown of waste produced by men, regeneration of atmosphere and biosynthesis of edible biomass. This paper reports the mass balance description of a Biological Life Support System composed of the MELiSSA loop and of a Higher Plant Compartment working in parallel with the photosynthetic Spirulina compartment producing edible biomass. The recycling efficiencies of the system are determined and compared for various working conditions of the MELiSSA loop with or without the HPC. В© 2002 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd on behalf of COSPAR.

Scopus
Держатели документа:
Lab. de Genie Chimique/Biochimique, Universite B. Pascal, Aubiere cedex 63177, France
ESA/Estec, YVC, P.O. Box 299, Noordwijk, AG 2200, Netherlands
Institute of Biophysics, Siberian branchs RAS, Academgorodok, Krasnoyarsk 630036, Russian Federation : 660036, Красноярск, Академгородок, д. 50, стр. 50

Доп.точки доступа:
Gros, J.B.; Poughon, L.; Lasseur, C.; Tikhomirov, A.A.

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10.

Tolerance of LSS plant component to elevated temperatures / S. A. Ushakova, A. A. Tikhomirov // Acta Astronautica. - 2002. - Vol. 50, Is. 12. - P759-764, DOI 10.1016/S0094-5765(02)00010-3 . - ISSN 0094-5765
Кл.слова (ненормированные):
Metabolism -- Photosynthesis -- Rate constants -- Thermal effects -- Thermoanalysis -- Thermal tolerance -- Life support systems (spacecraft) -- carbon dioxide -- adaptation -- article -- Brassicaceae -- comparative study -- heat -- instrumentation -- light -- metabolism -- microclimate -- photosynthesis -- physiology -- plant physiology -- wheat -- Adaptation, Physiological -- Brassicaceae -- Carbon Dioxide -- Ecological Systems, Closed -- Heat -- Life Support Systems -- Light -- Photosynthesis -- Plant Physiology -- Triticum
Аннотация: Stability of LSS based on biological regeneration of water, air and food subject to damaging factors is largely dependent on the behavior of the photosynthesizing component represented, mainly, by higher plants. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the tolerance of uneven-aged wheat and radish cenoses to temperature effects different in time and value. Estimation of thermal tolerance of plants demonstrated that exposure for 20 h to the temperature increasing to 45В°C brought about irreversible damage both in photosynthetic processes (up to 80% of initial value) and the processes of growth and development. Kinetics of visible photosynthesis during exposure to elevated temperatures can be used to evaluate critical exposure time within the range of which the damage of metabolic processes is reversible. With varying light intensity and air temperature it is possible to find a time period admissible for the plants to stay under adverse conditions without considerable damage of metabolic processes. В© 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.

Scopus
Держатели документа:
Institute of Biophysics (Russian Academy of Sciences, Siberian Branch) Academgorodok, 660036 Krasnoyarsk, Russian Federation : 660036, Красноярск, Академгородок, д. 50, стр. 50

Доп.точки доступа:
Ushakova, S.A.; Tikhomirov, A.A.

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11.

Biological-physical-chemical aspects of a human life support system for a lunar base / J. I. Gitelson [et al.] // Acta Astronautica. - 1995. - Vol. 37, Is. C. - P385-394 . - ISSN 0094-5765
Кл.слова (ненормированные):
animal -- aquaculture -- article -- biomass -- construction work and architectural phenomena -- Cyprinodontiformes -- filtration -- growth, development and aging -- human -- microbiology -- microclimate -- moon -- nutritional value -- photoperiodicity -- plant -- space flight -- standard -- Tilapia -- waste management -- water management -- wheat -- Animals -- Aquaculture -- Biomass -- Cyprinodontiformes -- Ecological Systems, Closed -- Facility Design and Construction -- Filtration -- Humans -- Life Support Systems -- Moon -- Nutritive Value -- Photoperiod -- Plants, Edible -- Space Flight -- Tilapia -- Triticum -- Waste Management -- Water Microbiology -- Water Purification
Аннотация: To create a life support system based on biological and physical-chemical processes is the optimum solution providing full-valued condidtions for existence and efficient work of people at a lunar base. Long-standing experinece in experimental research or closed ecosystems and their components allows us to suggest a realistic functional structure of the lunar base and to estimate qualitatively its parameters. The original restrictions are as follows: 1) the basic source of energy to support the biological processes has to be the solar radiation; 2) the initial amount of basic biological elelments forming the turnover of substances (C, O, H, P, K, N) has to be delivered from Earth; 3). Moon materials are not to be used in the biological turnover inside the base; 4) the base is to supply the crew fully with atmosphere and water, and with 90% (A scenario) or 40% (B scenario) of food. Experimental data about the plant productivity under the "Moon" rhythm of light and darkness allow us to suggest that the A scenario requires per one human: plant area - 40 m2 irradiated during the lunar day by 250-300 W/m2 PAR producing 1250 g of dry biomass a terrestrial day; a heterotrophic component of "biological incineration" of inedible plant biomass (800 g/day) including the aquaculture of fish to produce animal products and contaminating the environment less than birds and mammals, and the culture of edible mushrooms; a component of physical-chemical correction for the LSS envi ronment including the subsystems of: deep oxidation of organic impurities in the atmosphere and of water, organic wastes of human activity and that biological components (420 g/day) Co2 concentration in "Moon" nights, damping O2 in "Moon" days, etc. The stock of presotred or delivered from Earth substances (food additions, seeds, etc.) to be involved in biological turnover is to be about 50 kg/year per man. Increase of the mass of prestored substances per man up to 220 kg/year would reduce twice the plant area and consumed amount of radiant energy to exclude the components of "biological incineration" and physical-chemical destruction of organic wastes. В© 1995.

Scopus
Держатели документа:
Institute of Biophysics (Russian Academy of Sciences, Siberian Branch) Krasnoyarsk, Russian Federation
Ruhr-University of Bochum, C.E.B.A.S. Center of Excellence., Bochum, Germany
Institute of Medical-Biological Problems, Moscow, Russian Federation : 660036, Красноярск, Академгородок, д. 50, стр. 50

Доп.точки доступа:
Gitelson, J.I.; V, B.; Grigoriev, A.I.; Lisovsky, G.M.; Manukovsky, N.S.; Sinyak, Y.u.E.; Ushakova, S.A.

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12.

Direct utilization of human liquid wastes by plants in a closed ecosystem / G. M. Lisovsky [et al.] // Advances in Space Research. - 1997. - Vol. 20, Is. 10. - P1801-1804 . - ISSN 0273-1177
Кл.слова (ненормированные):
fertilizer -- nitrogen -- sodium chloride -- urea -- article -- biomass -- culture medium -- feasibility study -- human -- metabolism -- methodology -- microclimate -- sewage -- urine -- waste management -- wheat -- Biomass -- Culture Media -- Ecological Systems, Closed -- Feasibility Studies -- Fertilizers -- Humans -- Nitrogen -- Sodium Chloride -- Triticum -- Urea -- Urine -- Waste Disposal, Fluid -- Waste Management
Аннотация: Model experiments in phytotrons have shown that urea is able to cover 70% of the demand in nitrogen of the conveyer cultivated wheat. At the same time wheat plants can directly utilize human liquid wastes. In this article by human liquid wastes the authors mean human urine only. In a long-term experiment on "man-higher plants" system with two crewmen, plants covered 63 m2, with wheat planted to - 39.6 m2. For 103 days, complete human urine (total amount - 210.7 1) wassupplied into the nutrient solution for wheat. In a month and a half NaCl supply into the nutrient solution stabilized at 0.9-1.65 g/l. This salination had no marked effect on wheat production. The experiment revealed the realistic feasibility to directly involve liquid wastes into the biological turnover of the life support system. The closure of the system, in terms of water, increased by 15.7% and the supply of nutrients for wheat plants into the system was decreased. Closedness of biological turnover of matter in a man-made "man - higher plants" ecological system might involve, among other processes, direct utilization of human liquid wastes by plants. The amount of urine comprises 15-20% of the total amount of water cycling within the system including water as part of food, household, hygiene and potable water necessary for man. What is more, it they contains most nitrogen-bearing compounds emitted by man, almost all of the NaCl and some other substances involved in the biological turnover. Human liquid wastes can be utilized either by preliminary physical-chemical treatment (evaporating or freezing out the water, finally oxidizing the organic matter, isolating the mineral components required for plants, etc.) and further involvement of the obtained products or by direct application into the nutrient solution for plants. The challenge of direct utilization is that plants have no need of Na+ and Cl-, and also the organic forms of nitrogen emitted by man cannot fully meet the demand of plants forthis element. Besides, hygienic and/or psychological reasons make it desirable to avoid direct use of liquid wastes in the nutrient solutions that would have direct contact with edible part of plants (tubers, roots, bulbs). Feasibility of direct utilization of liquid wastes by plants in a closed "man - higher plants" ecosystem has been experimentally studied on wheat - grain culture as a model plant with the edible part in the form of seeds spatially dissociated with the nutrient medium. The wheat covered 60-65% of the area under higher plants. The studies have been carried out in "Bios-3"experimental facility described in detail elsewhere (Lisovsky, 1979; Gitelson et al., 1989). В© 1997 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd.

Scopus
Держатели документа:
Inst. Biophys.-Russ. Acad. of Sci., Siberian Branch, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russian Federation : 660036, Красноярск, Академгородок, д. 50, стр. 50

Доп.точки доступа:
Lisovsky, G.M.; Gitelson, J.I.; Shilenko, M.P.; Gribovskaya, I.V.; Trubachev, I.N.

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13.

Impaired growth of plants cultivated in a closed system: Possible reasons / J. I. Gitelson [et al.] // Advances in Space Research. - 1997. - Vol. 20, Is. 10. - P1927-1930 . - ISSN 0273-1177
Кл.слова (ненормированные):
air conditioning -- air pollutant -- article -- culture medium -- growth, development and aging -- human -- hydroponics -- methodology -- microbiology -- microclimate -- plant -- sewage -- wheat -- Air Conditioning -- Air Pollutants -- Culture Media -- Ecological Systems, Closed -- Environment, Controlled -- Humans -- Hydroponics -- Life Support Systems -- Plants -- Triticum -- Waste Disposal, Fluid -- Water Microbiology
Аннотация: Plants in experiments on "man-higher plants" closed ecosystem (CES) have been demonstrated to have inhibited growth and reduced productivity due to three basic factors: prolonged usage of a permanent nutrient solution introduction into the nutrient medium of intra-system gray water, and closure of the system. Gray water was detrimental to plants the longer the nutrient solution was used. However, higher plant growth was mostly affected by the gaseous composition of the CES atmosphere, through accumulation of volatile substances. В© 1997 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd.

Scopus
Держатели документа:
Institute of Biophysics, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russian Federation : 660036, Красноярск, Академгородок, д. 50, стр. 50

Доп.точки доступа:
Gitelson, J.I.; Tirranen, L.S.; Borodina, E.V.; Rygalov, V.Ye.

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14.

Bios-3: Siberian experiments in bioregenerative life support / F. B. Salisbury, J. I. Gitelson, G. M. Lisovsky // BioScience. - 1997. - Vol. 47, Is. 9. - P575-585 . - ISSN 0006-3568
Кл.слова (ненормированные):
agriculture -- Chlorella -- construction work and architectural phenomena -- crop -- energy metabolism -- evaluation -- growth, development and aging -- human -- metabolism -- methodology -- microbiology -- microclimate -- NASA Discipline Life Support Systems -- Non-NASA Center -- photon -- review -- Russian Federation -- space flight -- NASA Discipline Life Support Systems -- Non-NASA Center -- Agriculture -- Chlorella -- Crops, Agricultural -- Ecological Systems, Closed -- Energy Metabolism -- Environment, Controlled -- Environmental Microbiology -- Evaluation Studies -- Facility Design and Construction -- Humans -- Life Support Systems -- Photons -- Siberia -- Space Flight -- Space Simulation

Scopus
Держатели документа:
Dept. Plants, Soils, Biometeorology, College of Agriculture, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322-4820, United States
Institute of Biophysics, Academy of Sciences of Russia, Siberian Branch, Krasnoyarsk, Russian Federation : 660036, Красноярск, Академгородок, д. 50, стр. 50

Доп.точки доступа:
Salisbury, F.B.; Gitelson, J.I.; Lisovsky, G.M.

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15.

Consistency of gas exchange of man and plants in a closed ecological system: Lines of attack on the problem / J. I. Gitelson, Yu. N. Okladnikov // Advances in Space Research. - 1996. - Vol. 18, Is. 1-2. - P205-210 . - ISSN 0273-1177
Кл.слова (ненормированные):
carbon dioxide -- oxygen -- article -- atmosphere -- biological model -- breathing -- human -- metabolism -- microclimate -- nutrition -- photosynthesis -- physiology -- plant -- plant physiology -- Atmosphere -- Carbon Dioxide -- Ecological Systems, Closed -- Humans -- Models, Biological -- Nutrition Physiology -- Oxygen -- Photosynthesis -- Plant Physiology -- Plants -- Respiration
Аннотация: Gas exchange between man and plants in a closed ecological system based on atmosphere regeneration by plant photosynthesis is made consistent by attaining the equilibrium of human CO2 discharge and the productivity of the gas consuming bioregenerator. In this case the gas exchange might be, however, qualitatively disturbed from the equilibrium in terms of oxygen making it accumulate or decrease continuously in the air of the system. Gas exchange equilibrium in terms of O2 was attained in long-term experiments by equality of the human respiration coefficient and the plant assimilation coefficient. Varying the ratio of these parameters it is possible to control the oxygen concentration in the atmosphere to be reclaimed.

Scopus
Держатели документа:
Institute of Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Siberian Branch, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russian Federation : 660036, Красноярск, Академгородок, д. 50, стр. 50

Доп.точки доступа:
Gitelson, J.I.; Okladnikov, Yu.N.

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16.

Perspectives of different type biological life support systems (BLSS) usage in space missions / S. I. Bartsev [et al.] // Acta Astronautica. - 1996. - Vol. 39, Is. 8. - P617-622, DOI 10.1016/S0094-5765(97)00012-X . - ISSN 0094-5765
Кл.слова (ненормированные):
article -- bacterium -- comparative study -- construction work and architectural phenomena -- environmental planning -- green alga -- human -- instrumentation -- mathematics -- microclimate -- moon -- plant -- quality of life -- space flight -- standard -- weightlessness -- Algae, Green -- Bacteria -- Ecological Systems, Closed -- Environment Design -- Environment, Controlled -- Facility Design and Construction -- Humans -- Life Support Systems -- Mathematics -- Moon -- Plants -- Quality of Life -- Space Flight -- Weightlessness -- Biology -- Life support systems (spacecraft) -- Spreadsheets -- Biological life support systems (BLSS) -- Lunar missions
Аннотация: In the paper an attempt is made to combine three important criteria of LSS comparison: minimum mass, maximum safety and maximum quality of life. Well-known types of BLSS were considered: with higher plant, higher plants and mushrooms, microalgae, and hydrogen-oxidizing bacteria. These BLSSs were compared in terms of "integrated" mass for the case of a vegetarian diet and a "normal" one (with animal proteins and fats). It was shown that the BLSS with higher plants and incineration of wastes becomes the best when the exploitation period is more than 1 yr. The dependence of higher plants' LSS structure on operation time was found. Comparison of BLSSs in terms of integral reliability (this criterion includes mass and quality of life criteria) for a lunar base scenario showed that BLSSs with higher plants are advantageous in reliability and comfort. This comparison was made for achieved level of technology of closing and for perspective one. В© 1997 Elsevier Science Ltd.

Scopus
Держатели документа:
Biophys. Inst. of SB RAS, Krasnoyarsk, 660036, Russian Federation : 660036, Красноярск, Академгородок, д. 50, стр. 50

Доп.точки доступа:
Bartsev, S.I.; Gitelson, J.I.; Lisovsky, G.M.; Mezhevikin, V.V.; Okhonin, V.A.

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17.

Man as a component of a closed ecological life support system / J. I. Gitelson, U - Okladnikov YuN // Life support & biosphere science : international journal of earth space. - 1994. - Vol. 1, Is. 2. - P73-81 . - ISSN 1069-9422
Кл.слова (ненормированные):
carbon dioxide -- oxygen -- article -- blood analysis -- blood cell count -- breathing -- construction work and architectural phenomena -- crop -- diet -- growth, development and aging -- human -- metabolism -- microclimate -- physiology -- Russian Federation -- space flight -- standard -- waste management -- water supply -- Blood Cell Count -- Blood Chemical Analysis -- Carbon Dioxide -- Crops, Agricultural -- Diet -- Ecological Systems, Closed -- Environment, Controlled -- Facility Design and Construction -- Humans -- Life Support Systems -- Oxygen -- Respiration -- Russia -- Space Flight -- Waste Management -- Water Supply
Аннотация: Material support of all manned space flights so far has been provided from a prestored stock of substances or replenished from the Earth's biosphere. Exploration of space will, however, become real only when man is able to break away from Earth completely, when he will be accompanied by a system providing everything necessary to sustain full-valued life for an unlimited time. The only known system to date meeting this requirement is the Earth's biosphere. To break away from his cradle, as K.E. Tsiolkovsky called Earth, it is necessary to devise a life support system functionally similar to the natural biosphere. This need not be similar in structure to the vast diversity of trophic relationships available on Earth, but requires the solution of a multitude of various problems of an ecological, physiological, engineering and social-psychological nature. Human life-support systems based on biological regeneration of environments in small volumes have been studied at the Institute of Biophysics (Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences) over many years. This work has resulted in the design of Bios-3, a biologically-based self-sustained human life support system.

Scopus
Держатели документа:
Institute of Biophysics (Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences), Krasnoyarsk, Russia. : 660036, Красноярск, Академгородок, д. 50, стр. 50

Доп.точки доступа:
Gitelson, J.I.; , U - Okladnikov YuN

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18.

Biological life-support systems for Mars mission / J. I. Gitelson // Advances in Space Research. - 1992. - Vol. 12, Is. 5. - P167-192 . - ISSN 0273-1177
Кл.слова (ненормированные):
air conditioning -- Alcaligenes -- article -- astronomy -- biomass -- Chlorella -- classification -- comparative study -- equipment design -- human -- instrumentation -- microclimate -- plant -- solar energy -- space flight -- waste management -- water management -- Air Conditioning -- Alcaligenes -- Biomass -- Chlorella -- Ecological Systems, Closed -- Equipment Design -- Humans -- Life Support Systems -- Mars -- Plants -- Solar Energy -- Space Flight -- Spacecraft -- Waste Management -- Water Purification
Аннотация: Mars mission like the Lunar base is the first venture to maintain human life beyond earth biosphere. So far, all manned space missions including the longest ones used stocked reserves and can not be considered egress from biosphere. В© 1991.

Scopus
Держатели документа:
Institute of Biophysics, U.S.S.R. Academy, Sciences Siberian Branch, Krasnoyarsk, 660036, Russian Federation : 660036, Красноярск, Академгородок, д. 50, стр. 50

Доп.точки доступа:
Gitelson, J.I.

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19.

Quantitative criteria for estimation of natural and artificial ecosystems functioning / N. S. Pechurkin // Advances in Space Research. - 2005. - Vol. 35, Is. 9 SPEC. ISS. - P1507-1511, DOI 10.1016/j.asr.2005.01.059 . - ISSN 0273-1177
Кл.слова (ненормированные):
Artificial ecosystems -- Limiting substances -- Natural ecosystems -- Quantitative criteria -- Carbon dioxide -- Energy management -- Estimation -- Hierarchical systems -- Personnel -- Plants (botany) -- Reliability -- Artificial ecosystems -- Limiting substances -- Natural ecosystems -- Quantitative criteria -- Ecosystems -- carbon -- biomass -- chemistry -- conference paper -- ecology -- ecosystem -- energy transfer -- microclimate -- photosynthesis -- population dynamics -- Biomass -- Carbon -- Ecological Systems, Closed -- Ecology -- Ecosystem -- Energy Transfer -- Life Support Systems -- Photosynthesis -- Population Dynamics
Аннотация: Using biotic turnover of substances in trophic chains, natural and artificial ecosystems are similar in functioning, but different in structure. It is necessary to have quantitative criteria to evaluate the efficiency of artificial ecosystems (AES). These criteria are dependent on the specific objectives for which the AES are designed. For example, if AES is considered for use in space, important criteria are efficiency in use of mass, power, volume (size) and human labor and reliability. Another task involves the determination of quantitative criteria for the functioning of natural ecosystems. To solve the problem, it is fruitful to use a hierarchical approach suitable for both individual links and the ecosystem as a whole. Energy flux criteria (principles) were developed to estimate the functional activities of biosystems at the population, community and ecosystem levels. A major feature of ecosystems as a whole is their biotic turnover of matter the rate of which is restricted by the lack of limiting substances. Obviously, the most generalized criterion is to take into account the energy flux used by the biosystem and the quantity of limiting substance included in its turnover. The use of energy flux by ecosystem, EUSED - is determined from the photoassimilation of CO2 by plants (per time unit). It can be approximately estimated as the net primary production of photosynthesis (NPP). So, the ratio of CO 2 photoassimilation rate (sometimes, measured as NPP) to the total mass of limiting substrate can serve as a main universal criterion (MUC). This MUC characterizes the specific cycling rate of limiting chemical elements in the system and effectiveness of every ecosystem including the global Biosphere. Comparative analysis and elaboration of quantitative criteria for estimation of natural and artificial ecosystems activities is of high importance both for theoretical considerations and for real applications. В© 2005 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Scopus
Держатели документа:
Institute of Biophysics, SB, RAS, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russian Federation : 660036, Красноярск, Академгородок, д. 50, стр. 50

Доп.точки доступа:
Pechurkin, N.S.

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20.

Principles of biological adaptation of organisms in artificial ecosystems to changes of environmental factors / L. A. Somova, N. S. Pechurkin, T. I. Pisman // Advances in Space Research. - 2005. - Vol. 35, Is. 9 SPEC. ISS. - P1512-1515, DOI 10.1016/j.asr.2004.12.038 . - ISSN 0273-1177
Кл.слова (ненормированные):
Artificial ecosystems -- Biotic cycles -- Microorganisms -- Energy utilization -- Environmental impact -- Microorganisms -- Plants (botany) -- Purification -- Water -- AES -- Artificial ecosystems -- Biotic cycles -- Material transformations -- Ecosystems -- bioremediation -- comparative study -- conference paper -- ecosystem -- methodology -- microbiology -- microclimate -- plant -- sewage -- waste management -- water management -- Biodegradation, Environmental -- Ecological Systems, Closed -- Ecosystem -- Environmental Microbiology -- Life Support Systems -- Plants -- Sewage -- Soil Microbiology -- Waste Management -- Water Purification
Аннотация: Studying material transformations and biotic cycling in artificial ecosystems (AES), we need to know the principles of biological adaptation of active organisms to change in the environment. Microorganisms in AES for water purification are the most active transforming organisms and consumers of the organic substances contained in wastes. Utilization of organic substances is directly connected with the energy fluxes used by AES. According to energy criteria, the energy fluxes used by a biological system tend to reach maximum values under stable conditions. Unutilized substrate concentration decreases as a result of biological adaptations. After a dramatic change in environmental factors, for example, after a sharp increase in the flow rate of organic substances, the biological system is not able to react quickly. The concentration of unutilized substrate increases and the energy flux used by the biological system decreases. The structure of the microbial community also changes, with a decrease in biological diversity. The efficiency of energy use by simple terrestrial ecosystems depends on the energetic intensity and interactions between plants and rhizospheric microorganisms. В© 2005 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Scopus
Держатели документа:
Institute of Biophysics, SB, Russian Academy of Sciences, Akademgorodok, 660036 Krasnoyarsk 36, Russian Federation : 660036, Красноярск, Академгородок, д. 50, стр. 50

Доп.точки доступа:
Somova, L.A.; Pechurkin, N.S.; Pisman, T.I.

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