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539.1.047:576.356
С 71


    Спектр хромосомных аберраций в корневой меристеме E. Canadensis из районов реки Енисей с разными типами техногенного загрязнения [Текст] / Институт биофизики СО РАН // Экологическая генетика. - 2016. - Том XIV, № 2. - С. 57-66DOI 10.17816/ecogen14257-66
   Перевод заглавия: Types of cytogenetic abnormalities in apical root meristem of Elodea сanadensis from Yenisei River areas with different types of anthropogenic pollution

УДК

539.1.047:576.356

Рубрики:
Хромосомные аберрации
Кл.слова (ненормированные):
генотоксичность -- аномалии митоза -- элодея канадская -- мосты -- агглютинация -- фрагментация хромосом
Аннотация: Показано изменение спектра хромосомных аномалий в корневой меристеме Elodea canadensis Michx. (элодея канадская), произрастающей в районах с разными типами техногенного загрязнения (радиационного и химического) донных отложений реки Енисей. В пробах элодеи, собранной в зоне радиоактивного загрязнения реки сбросами Горно-химического комбината Росатома (г. Железногорск), преобладающим типом аномалий были хромосомные аберрации (мосты, агглютинация, фрагментация хромосом), а также множественные аномалии в одной клетке. В пробах элодеи из районов реки Енисей с нерадиоактивным (химическим) загрязнением донных отложений предприятиями г. Красноярска преобладали аномалии, связанные с нарушением митотического веретена деления клетки.
The spectrum of cytogenetic abnormalities in the apical root meristem of Elodea сanadensis Michx. (elodea) from the Yenisei River was studied depending on the type of anthropogenic pollution. We compared elodea samples from areas with radiation-contaminated sediments (area affected by Rosatom Mining and Chemical Combine, MCC, Zheleznogorsk) and areas with chemical pollution (Krasnoyarsk). Materials and methods. The apical root meristem of elodea was fixed in acetic alcohol (96 % ethanol and glacial acetic acid, 3 : 1) and stained with 1 % aceto-orcein. The cytogenetic analysis of metaphase and ana-telophase elodea cells was carried out with temporal squashed preparations using an Olympus CX31 microscope. Results. At metaphase stage, the predominant types of abnormalities in elodea cells were disoriented chromosomes (up to 9 % of total metaphase cells) and chromosome agglutination (6 %). In the area affected by the MCC an increased content of ring chromosomes in elodea cells was detected, but in terms of frequency of their occurrence no significant differences were revealed between samples from areas with different types of pollution. Among abnormalities at ana-telophase stage, bridges (to 20% of dividing cells) and disoriented chromosomes (up to 8%) dominated. The following abnormalities were also detected: multipolar and asymmetrical mitoses, agglutination and cells with multiple chromosome abnormalities. It was shown that in areas with the highest content of 137Cs in bottom sediments the frequency of cells with bridges and multiple chromosome abnormalities significantly increased as compared to samples from other areas. Conclusion. In the radioactive contamination area of the Yenisei River the spectrum of abnormalities was dominated by chromosome aberrations (bridges, agglutination, chromosome fragmentation) and multiple abnormalities in one and the same cell. In areas with non-radioactive (chemical) contamination of sediments, mitotic spindle irregularities prevailed

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Держатели документа:
Институт биофизики Сибирского отделения Российской академии наук : 660036, Красноярск, Академгородок, д. 50, стр. 50

Доп.точки доступа:
Медведева, Марина Юрьевна; Болсуновский, Александр Яковлевич; Институт биофизики Сибирского отделения Российской Академии наук (Красноярск)

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Types of Cytogenetic Abnormalities in the Apical Root Meristem of Elodea canadensis from the Yenisei River Areas with Different Types of Anthropogenic Pollution / M. Y. Medvedeva, A. Y. Bolsunovsky // Russ. J. Genet. Appl. Res. - 2018. - Vol. 8, Is. 2. - P115-123, DOI 10.1134/S2079059718020089 . - ISSN 2079-0597
Кл.слова (ненормированные):
anthropogenic contamination of bottom sediments -- Elodea canadensis -- genotoxicity -- mitotic abnormalities -- Yenisei River
Аннотация: The change in the spectrum of chromosomal abnormalities in the apical root meristem of Elodea canadensis Michx. (elodea) growing in areas with different types of anthropogenic (radioactive and chemical) pollution of the bottom sediments of the Yenisei River is shown. In the samples of elodea collected in the zone of radioactive contamination of the river by discharges of the Rosatom Mining and Chemical Combine (MCC, Zheleznogorsk), the predominant type of abnormalities consist of chromosomal aberrations (bridges, stickiness, chromosomal fragmentation), as well as multiple abnormalities in one cell. The elodea samples from the areas of the Yenisei River with nonradioactive (chemical) contamination of bottom sediments by the enterprises of the city of Krasnoyarsk are predominantly characterized by abnormalities associated with the disturbance of the mitotic spindle of cell division. © 2018, Pleiades Publishing, Ltd.

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Держатели документа:
Institute of Biophysics, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Krasnoyarsk, Russian Federation

Доп.точки доступа:
Medvedeva, M. Y.; Bolsunovsky, A. Y.

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Assessment of the Quality of Bottom Sediments in the Middle Reaches of the Yenisei River by Allium test / T. A. Zotina [et al.] // Contemp. Probl. Ecol. - 2019. - Vol. 12, Is. 3. - P265-274, DOI 10.1134/S1995425519030120. - Cited References:35 . - ISSN 1995-4255. - ISSN 1995-4263

РУБ Ecology
Рубрики:
PLANT ELODEA-CANADENSIS
ANTHROPOGENIC CONTAMINATION
Кл.слова (ненормированные):
ana-telophase -- genotoxicity -- root length -- artificial sediments -- mitotic -- index -- toxicity
Аннотация: The harmful potential of bulk bottom sediments of the Yenisei River has been assessed by the Allium test. Sediment samples have been taken in ten sites on a plot of about 100 km in length in the middle reaches of the Yenisei River affected by urban activity of the city of Krasnoyarsk and industrial plants. The samples of sediments differ considerably in the content of potentially toxic substances (heavy metals, artificial radionuclides, and organic pollutants) and nutrients and in physical properties. We use the mean length of onion root as an indicator of general toxicity, the mitotic index as an indicator of cytotoxicity, and the percentage of anatelophase cells in the apical root meristem with abnormal chromosomes as an indicator of genotoxicity. Both the stimulation and inhibition of indicator endpoints are revealed in sediment samples of the Yenisei River relative to the control (artificial sediments). An increased genotoxicity is recorded in the sample of sediments contaminated by a mixture of organic and chemical toxicants. A significant positive correlation between the percentage of abnormal cells and the content of copper and petrochemicals in the samples is revealed. No extremely strong reactions of onion endpoints to the quality of sediment samples are revealed, which is probably related to relatively low contamination of the sediments studied. This is in agreement with the data of chemical analyses. Based on the testing results, we can conclude that the endpoints of the Allium test are sensitive enough to the quality of bottom sediments of the Yenisei River and can be used for their biotesting.

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Держатели документа:
Russian Acad Sci, Siberian Branch, Fed Res Ctr, Inst Biophys,Krasnoyarsk Sci Ctr, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia.

Доп.точки доступа:
Zotina, T. A.; Trofimova, E. A.; Alexandrova, Yu. V.; Anishchenko, O. V.

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The effect of deicing salt solutes on Moina macrocopa and Allium cepa in a toxicity test experiment / T. S. Lopatina, Y. V. Aleksandrova, O. V. Anishchenko [и др.] // Vestn. Tomsk. Gos. Univ. Biol. - 2020. - Is. 51. - С. 162-178, DOI 10.17223/19988591/51/9 . - ISSN 1998-8591
Кл.слова (ненормированные):
Aquatic ecosystems -- Cladocera, Allium-test -- Salinity -- Toxicity test
Аннотация: Chloride salts are the most commonly used deicing materials for winter maintenance of roads. Numerous studies indicate a significant increase in the salinity of aquatic ecosystems associated with the long-term use of deicing materials in countries located in cold climates. The functioning of ecosystems largely depends on salinity, since salinity is one of the key factors determining the species composition, the structure of food webs and the productivity of aquatic communities. Given the growing threat of salinization of groundwater and surface waters, it is extremely important to study the effect of deicing materials on the biota and functioning of aquatic ecosystems. The aim of this research is to determine the threshold concentrations of solutions of the deicing salt mixture “Bionord” containing sodium and calcium chlorides, at which negative effects on the development of animal and plant test objects are observed. In this study, we used the salt-containing mixture “Bionord” as a model deicer. Similarly, with the most commonly used ice melting chemicals, the «Bionord» salt mixture contains a large amount of sodium and calcium chlorides (about 85% of the total weight). To evaluate the toxicity of the deicer solutions, we used acute and chronic toxicity tests with cladoceran Moina macrocopa (Straus, 1820) (Cladocera: Moinidae) and standard onion-based test with Allium cepa L. (Liliopsida: Amaryllidaceae) (Allium-test). In acute and chronic toxicity tests with Cladocera, the females on the first day of their life (body size 0.5-0.6 mm) were placed individually in jars with aged (not less than for 72 h) tap water with a volume of 20 ml with the addition of a deicer at a certain concentration. A group of animals that was placed in the medium without the deicer was used as a control. In the acute toxicity tests, we used the following concentration of the deicer: 1.3; 2.5; 4.0, 5.0; 6.0; 8.0; 10.0 g/l. The mortality of animals was recorded 24 and 48 hours after the start of the experiment. The concentration of the deicer (LC50) at which 50% of animals was observed to die, compared to the control, was determined in the acute toxicity test. In a chronic toxicity test, animals were tested in the following range of concentrations of the deicer: 0.3; 0.6; 1.3; 2.5; 5.0; 6.0 and 8.0 g/l. The chronic toxicity test was conducted until the death of all test animals. Based on the data obtained in the chronic toxicity test, the specific growth rate of juvenile females, average fecundity, and average life span of M. macrocopa were calculated for each concentration of the deicer. Bulbs of onions of the Stuttgartenrisen variety with a diameter of 1.8 ± 0.1 cm and a weight of 2.27 ± 0.17 g were used in the onion test. Bulbs with their bottoms were placed in test tubes containing 20 ml of a solute of the deicer or tap water for 48 hours. Three bulbs were tested for each concentration and for the control. The following concentrations of the deicer were used in the onion test: 1.0; 2.5; 5.0; 7.0; 10.0; 15.0; 20.0; 50.0 g/l. The general toxic and cytotoxic effects were evaluated in the onion test. The average root length and the total root length on each bulb were used as indicators of the total toxicity of the solutions of deicer. To evaluate proliferative activity, we calculated the mitotic index as the fraction of dividing cells in the apical root meristem to the total number of cells. Based on the results of the experiments, we determined median effective mixture concentrations (EC50) at which there is a 50% decrease, compared to the control, in the values of root growth indicators: average root length, sum of root lengths on each bulb and mitotic index. Median lethal concentration (LC50) of the deicing salt determined in the 48-hour acute toxicity test with females of M. macrocopa was equal to 5.1 g/l. In the chronic test, we showed that the exposure to the solutions of the deicing salt in the range of concentrations from 0.3 to 5.0 g/l does not affect the life span, specific growth rate of juveniles and fecundity of females of M. macrocopa. The median effective concentration (EC50) of the deicing salt determined in the Allium-tests were 6.3, 5.2 and 10.4 g/l for the sum of root lengths, average root length on each bulb and proliferative activity at the tips of roots (mitotic index), respectively (See Table 1 and 2). Complete inhibition of onion root growth was observed at the concentration of the decider equal to 20 g/l, while the death of all test animals in the acute toxicity test occurred at the concentration of the deicer equal to 8,0 g/l (See Fig. 1). Thus, we demonstrated that similar concentrations of the deicer induced 50% inhibition of the growth of onion roots and 50% mortality of cladocerans. These values, in general, corresponded to a critical salinity of 5-8 % above which qualitative changes occur both in the external and internal condition of aquatic animals. The electrical conductivity of the deicer solutions, which had a negative effect on the selected test species, coincides with the previously obtained values of the electrical conductivity of sodium chloride solutions harmful to cladocerans. We can assume that the main mechanism of the effect of the deicing material that we study is associated with the biological effect of its chlorine and sodium salts. Taking this into account, the value of electrical conductivity measured for solutions of deicing salt can be used to assess its negative potential effects. We estimated that in the absence of timely cleaning, regulated by the rules for using the material, the runoff from each square meter of the treated surface can lead to the pollution of 8-13 liters of fresh water. Thus, the basic requirement for the use of deicing salts on roads is the need to comply with the cleaning regime of the treated surfaces. Otherwise, the gradual accumulation of sodium and calcium chlorides in water bodies can cause an increase in salinity which will affect the survival of freshwater aquatic organisms and lead to serious disturbances in the functioning of aquatic ecosystems. © 2020 Tomsk State University. All rights reserved.

Scopus
Держатели документа:
Laboratory of Ecosystem Biophysics, Institute of Biophysics, Federal Research Centre Krasnoyarsk Scientific Centre, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 50/50 Akademgorodok, Krasnoyarsk, 660036, Russian Federation
Laboratory of Bioluminescent and Environmental Technologies, Institute of Biophysics, Federal Research Centre Krasnoyarsk Scientific Centre, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 50/50 Akademgorodok, Krasnoyarsk, 660036, Russian Federation
Analytical Laboratory, Institute of Biophysics, Federal Research Centre Krasnoyarsk Scientific Centre, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 50/50 Akademgorodok, Krasnoyarsk, 660036, Russian Federation
Department of Biophysics, School of Fundamental Biology and Biotechnology, Siberian Federal University, 79 Svobodniy Ave, Krasnoyarsk, 660041, Russian Federation
Laboratory of Ecosystem Biophysics, Institute of Biophysics, Federal Research Centre Krasnoyarsk Scientific Centre, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 50/50 Akademgorodok, Krasnoyarsk, 660036, Russian Federation

Доп.точки доступа:
Lopatina, T. S.; Aleksandrova, Y. V.; Anishchenko, O. V.; Gribovskaya, I. V.; Oskina, N. A.; Zotina, T. A.; Zadereev, E. S.

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РУБ Biology + Ecology
Рубрики:
DAPHNIA-MAGNA
   NACL SALINITY
   ROAD SALTS
   WATER
   FRESH
   CHLORIDE
Кл.слова (ненормированные):
salinity -- toxicity test -- Cladocera -- Allium-test -- aquatic ecosystems
Аннотация: Chloride salts are the most commonly used deicing materials for winter maintenance of roads. Numerous studies indicate a significant increase in the salinity of aquatic ecosystems associated with the long-term use of deicing materials in countries located in cold climates. The functioning of ecosystems largely depends on salinity, since salinity is one of the key factors determining the species composition, the structure of food webs and the productivity of aquatic communities. Given the growing threat of salinization of groundwater and surface waters, it is extremely important to study the effect of deicing materials on the biota and functioning of aquatic ecosystems. The aim of this research is to determine the threshold concentrations of solutions of the deicing salt mixture "Bionord" containing sodium and calcium chlorides, at which negative effects on the development of animal and plant test objects are observed. In this study, we used the salt-containing mixture "Bionord" as a model deicer. Similarly, with the most commonly used ice melting chemicals, the "Bionord" salt mixture contains a large amount of sodium and calcium chlorides (about 85% of the total weight). To evaluate the toxicity of the deicer solutions, we used acute and chronic toxicity tests with cladoceran Moina macrocopa (Straus, 1820) (Cladocera: Moinidae) and standard onion-based test with Allium cepa L. (Liliopsida: Amaryllidaceae) (Allium-test). In acute and chronic toxicity tests with Cladocera, the females on the first day of their life (body size 0.5-0.6 mm) were placed individually in jars with aged (not less than for 72 h) tap water with a volume of 20 ml with the addition of a deicer at a certain concentration. A group of animals that was placed in the medium without the deicer was used as a control. In the acute toxicity tests, we used the following concentration of the deicer: 1.3; 2.5; 4.0, 5.0; 6.0; 8.0; 10.0 g/l. The mortality of animals was recorded 24 and 48 hours after the start of the experiment. The concentration of the deicer (LC50) at which 50% of animals was observed to die, compared to the control, was determined in the acute toxicity test. In a chronic toxicity test, animals were tested in the following range of concentrations of the deicer: 0.3; 0.6; 1.3; 2.5; 5.0; 6.0 and 8.0 g/l. The chronic toxicity test was conducted until the death of all test animals. Based on the data obtained in the chronic toxicity test, the specific growth rate of juvenile females, average fecundity, and average life span of M. macrocopa were calculated for each concentration of the deicer. Bulbs of onions of the Stuttgartenrisen variety with a diameter of 1.8 +/- 0.1 cm and a weight of 2.27 +/- 0.17 g were used in the onion test. Bulbs with their bottoms were placed in test tubes containing 20 ml of a solute of the deicer or tap water for 48 hours. Three bulbs were tested for each concentration and for the control. The following concentrations of the deicer were used in the onion test: 1.0; 2.5; 5.0; 7.0; 10.0; 15.0; 20.0; 50.0 g/l. The general toxic and cytotoxic effects were evaluated in the onion test. The average root length and the total root length on each bulb were used as indicators of the total toxicity of the solutions of deicer. To evaluate proliferative activity, we calculated the mitotic index as the fraction of dividing cells in the apical root meristem to the total number of cells. Based on the results of the experiments, we determined median effective mixture concentrations (EC50) at which there is a 50% decrease, compared to the control, in the values of root growth indicators: average root length, sum of root lengths on each bulb and mitotic index. Median lethal concentration (LC50) of the deicing salt determined in the 48-hour acute toxicity test with females of Al. macrocopa was equal to 5.1 g/l. In the chronic test, we showed that the exposure to the solutions of the deicing salt in the range of concentrations from 0.3 to 5.0 g/l does not affect the life span, specific growth rate of juveniles and fecundity of females of M. macrocopa. The median effective concentration (EC50) of the deicing salt determined in the Allium-tests were 6.3, 5.2 and 10.4 g/l for the sum of root lengths, average root length on each bulb and proliferative activity at the tips of roots (mitotic index), respectively (See Table 1 and 2). Complete inhibition of onion root growth was observed at the concentration of the decider equal to 20 g/l, while the death of all test animals in the acute toxicity test occurred at the concentration of the deicer equal to 8,0 g/l (See Fig. 1). Thus, we demonstrated that similar concentrations of the deicer induced 50% inhibition of the growth of onion roots and 50% mortality of cladocerans. These values, in general, corresponded to a critical salinity of 5-8 %o above which qualitative changes occur both in the external and internal condition of aquatic animals. The electrical conductivity of the deicer solutions, which had a negative effect on the selected test species, coincides with the previously obtained values of the electrical conductivity of sodium chloride solutions harmful to cladocerans. We can assume that the main mechanism of the effect of the deicing material that we study is associated with the biological effect of its chlorine and sodium salts Taking this into account, the value of electrical conductivity measured for solutions of deicing salt can be used to assess its negative potential effects. We estimated that in the absence of timely cleaning, regulated by the rules for using the material, the runoff from each square meter of the treated surface can lead to the pollution of 8-13 liters of fresh water. Thus, the basic requirement for the use of deicing salts on roads is the need to comply with the cleaning regime of the treated surfaces. Otherwise, the gradual accumulation of sodium and calcium chlorides in water bodies can cause an increase in salinity which will affect the survival of freshwater aquatic organisms and lead to serious disturbances in the functioning of aquatic ecosystems.

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Держатели документа:
Russian Acad Sci, Fed Res Ctr, Inst Biophys, Siberian Branch,Krasnoyarsk Sci Ctr,Lab Ecosyst B, 50-50 Akademgorodok, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia.
Russian Acad Sci, Fed Res Ctr, Inst Biophys, Siberian Branch,Krasnoyarsk Sci Ctr,Lab Biolumine, 50-50 Akademgorodok, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia.
Russian Acad Sci, Fed Res Ctr, Inst Biophys, Siberian Branch,Krasnoyarsk Sci Ctr,Analyt Lab, 50-50 Akademgorodok, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia.
Siberian Fed Univ, Sch Fundamental Biol & Biotechnol, Dept Biophys, 79 Svobodniy Ave, Krasnoyarsk 660041, Russia.

Доп.точки доступа:
Lopatina, Tatiana S.; Aleksandrova, Yuliyana, V; Anishchenko, Olesya, V; Gribovskaya, Iliada, V; Oskina, Nataliya A.; Zotina, Tatiana A.; Zadereev, Egor S.; Russian Foundation for Basic ResearchRussian Foundation for Basic Research (RFBR); Government of Krasnoyarsk Krai; Krasnoyarsk Krai Fund for Supporting Scientific and Scientific-Technical Activities [19-44-240014]

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