Библиотека института физики им. Л.В. Киренского СО РАН

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Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Volkova E. A., Platunov M. S., Antipin A. M., Alpanova R. R., Dubrovskiy A. A., Pyastolova Yu. V., Podobraznyh A. D., Kosorukov V. L., Koporulina E. V., Maltsev V. V.
Заглавие : Synthesis, structure and magnetic properties of monoclinic lanthanum-chromium borate LaCr3(BO3)4
Колич.характеристики :9 с
Место публикации : J. Alloys Compd. - 2024. - Vol. 994. - Ст.174683. - ISSN 0925-8388, DOI 10.1016/j.jallcom.2024.174683. - ISSN 1873-4669
Примечания : Cited References: 38. - Single crystal X-ray analysis was carried out within the State assignment NRC "Kurchatov institute" (research contribution of A.M.A.). The research contribution of M.S.P. was partially supported by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation within the governmental assignment for Synchrotron radiation facility "SKIF", Boreskov Institute of Catalysis (project FWUR-2024–0040)
Аннотация: Single crystals of LaCr3(BO3)4 were synthesized through spontaneous nucleation from a K2Mo3O10 flux melt. The crystal structure was determined using single-crystal X-ray diffraction (XRD) at temperatures of 293 K and 85 K. LaCr-borate crystallizes in the monoclinic C2/c space group with unit cell parameters a = 7.47980(5) Å, b = 9.55180(7) Å, c = 11.48330(8) Å, β= 104.0060(6)°, V = 796.04(1) Å3 (for C1, T = 293 K), and a = 7.47380(5) Å, b = 9.55520(7) Å, c = 11.47100(8) Å, β = 103.9330(6)°, V = 795.08(1) Å3 (for C2, T = 85 K), each with Z = 4. The temperature dependence of the unit cell parameters, including the monoclinic angle (β) and the unit cell volume (V), was investigated over the range of 85–293 K. No structural phase transitions were observed in the low-temperature region down to 85 K. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) measurements revealed no high-temperature phase transitions between 50 and 1350°C. Infrared (IR) spectroscopy confirmed the monoclinic structure of LaCr3(BO3)4 crystals, revealing characteristic absorption bands, including the lowest frequency mode associated with the translational vibrations of the La3+ ion.
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Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Platunov M. S., Fedorova N. A., Pyastolova Yu. V., Laptash N. M., Knyazev Yu. V., Tomilin F. N., Dubrovskiy A. A.
Заглавие : Unraveling dynamic Jahn-Teller effect and magnetism in FeTiF6×6H2O single crystal
Колич.характеристики :9 с
Место публикации : J. Alloys Compd. - 2024. - Vol. 999. - Ст.175104. - ISSN 09258388 (ISSN), DOI 10.1016/j.jallcom.2024.175104. - ISSN 18734669 (eISSN)
Примечания : Cited References: 51. - The authors thank the Joint Supercomputer Center (JSCC) of the Russian Academy of Sciences. The authors would like to express their sincere gratitude to the ID12 beamline staff their exceptional dedication and professionalism in performing the synchrotron experiment during the challenging circumstances of the COVID-pandemic. We are particularly grateful to the postdocs, scientists, and technicians who took part in the experiment, ensuring its successful completion. We also gratefully acknowledge the provision of beamtime (Proposal HC-4375) by the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF). The access to this world-class facility was instrumental in obtaining the high-quality data that formed the basis of our research. We are deeply appreciative of the contributions of all involved, and we extend our heartfelt thanks to each and every one of them
Аннотация: Hydrated iron fluoridotitanate (FeTiF6 × 6 H2O) single crystals are fascinating magnetic materials with unique properties. To understand the underlying mechanisms, this study combines X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) and X-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD) techniques, complemented by density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Polarization-dependent X-ray absorption spectroscopy, encompassing XANES and XMCD, is a powerful technique for probing the local structures and magnetic properties of materials. It is element-selective, bulk-sensitive, and compatible with a wide range of experimental conditions. In this study, we used XANES and XMCD spectroscopies to investigate the local structures and magnetic properties of Fe and Ti in FeTiF6 × 6 H2O single crystals. XANES analysis revealed distinct local environments around Fe and Ti, providing insights into their coordination environments. Element-selective magnetization measurement at the Fe K-edge demonstrated that iron sites in the oxidation state Fe2+ have an unambiguous paramagnetic contribution to the magnetization along the b-axis. Notably, the absence of an XMCD signal at the Ti K-edge confirmed the absence of a magnetic moment in Ti atoms within the crystal. DFT calculations corroborate the experimental findings and provide insights into the electronic structure and magnetic interactions. The combined results provide a comprehensive understanding of the dynamic Jahn-Teller effect in FeTiF6 × 6 H2O single crystals, highlighting the significance of polarization-dependent X-ray absorption spectroscopy in unraveling the intricate magnetic behavior of such materials. This study contributes to the fundamental understanding of magnetism in these materials and paves the way for the development of novel magnetic materials with tailored properties.
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Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Knyazev Yu. V., Ikkert O. P., Semenov S. V., Volochaev M. N., Molokeev M. S., Platunov M. S., Khramov E. V., Dubrovskiy A. A., Shestakov N. P., Smorodina E. D., Karnachuk O. V., Balaev D. A.
Заглавие : Superparamagnetic blocking and magnetic interactions in nanoferrihydrite adsorbed on biomineralized nanorod-shaped F3S4 crystallites
Место публикации : J. Alloys Compd. - 2022. - Vol. 923. - Ст.166346. - ISSN 09258388 (ISSN), DOI 10.1016/j.jallcom.2022.166346
Примечания : Cited References: 109. - This study was supported by the Russian Science Foundation, project no. 22-24-00601 (https://rscf.ru/project/22–24–00601/)The electron microscopy and Mössbauer spectroscopy studies were carried out on the equipment of the Krasnoyarsk Territorial Center for Collective Use, Krasnoyarsk Scientific Center, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences. We thank Dr. Ivan Nemtsev for the SEM images. The contribution of M. P. (development of methodology of sample preparation for EXAFS measurements) was partially supported by the Russian Ministry of Science and Higher Education via the budget project of SRF SKIF, Boreskov Institute of Catalysis
Аннотация: A composite based on nanorod-shaped greigite (Fe3S4) crystallites with adsorbed ferrihydrite (Fe2O3 ‧ nH2O) nanoparticles has been synthesized. The synthesis has been performed by biomineralization of the bacterial wall of a sulfate-reducing Desulfovibrio sp. A2 bacteria. The phase composition of the synthesized composite has been investigated by X-ray powder and electron diffraction, as well as Fourier-transform infrared, extended X-ray absorption fine structure, and Mössbauer spectroscopy. The magnetic measurement data have shown that the sample under study contains two magnetic phases: multidomain nanorod-shaped greigite and ultrasmall ferrihydrite nanoparticles. The constant atomic fraction of the greigite crystalline phase in the range of 4–300 K (~20%) revealed by Mössbauer spectroscopy is indicative of a blocked magnetic moment of nanorod-shaped Fe3S4. It is shown that nanorod-shaped Fe3S4 crystallites are strongly magnetically bound with adsorbed Fe2O3 ‧ nH2O (Eint ~ 1200kB) nanoparticles. This significantly slows down the superparamagnetic relaxation of the magnetic moments of ferrihydrite nanoparticles. Therefore, the blocking temperature noticeably increases and attains, according to the Mössbauer spectroscopy data, a value of TB = 140 K (the magnetic measurements yield TB = 72 K). The processes of superparamagnetic blocking of the magnetic moments of ferrihydrite nanoparticles manifest themselves in the evolution of the magnetic properties of the investigated sample (a significant increase in the coercivity and remanent magnetization). In support of the Mössbauer spectroscopy data, a sufficiently high superparamagnetic blocking temperature has been established, which discloses the effect of magnetizing of ferrihydrite nanoparticles by coarser greigite formations, analogously to the effect of interparticle magnetic interactions.
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Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Samardak, Alexander S., Ognev, Alexey, V, Kolesnikov, Alexander G., Stebliy, Maksim E., Samardak, Vadim Yu, Iliushin, Ilia G., Pervishko, Anastasiia A., Yudin, Dmitry, Platunov M. S., Ono, Teruo, Wilhelm, Fabrice, Rogalev, Andrey
Заглавие : XMCD and ab initio study of interface-engineered ultrathin Ru/Co/W/Ru films with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy and strong Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction
Коллективы : Russian Ministry of Science and Higher Education [075-15-2021-607, 0657-2020-0013]; Russian Foundation for Basic ResearchRussian Foundation for Basic Research (RFBR) [19-32-60020]; Russian Federation President Scholarship for Young Scientists [SP-1640.2021.5]; Russian Science FoundationRussian Science Foundation (RSF) [21-42-00041]; Russian Ministry of Science and Higher Education
Место публикации : Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. - 2022. - Vol. 24, Is. 14. - P.8225-8232. - ISSN 1463-9076, DOI 10.1039/d1cp05456b. - ISSN 1463-9084(eISSN)
Примечания : Cited References: 47. - A. V. O., I. G. I. and T. O. thank the Russian Ministry of Science and Higher Education for state support of scientific research conducted under the supervision of leading scientists in Russian institutions of higher education, scientific foundations and state research centers (Project No. 075-15-2021-607) in parts of sample preparation and its magnetic characterization. The micromagnetic simulations performed by M. E. S. were supported by the Russian Ministry of Science and Higher Education under the state task (0657-2020-0013). A. A. P. (ab initio calculations) acknowledges the support from the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (Project No. 19-32-60020) and the Russian Federation President Scholarship for Young Scientists (SP-1640.2021.5). The work of A. S. S. related to the experimental and analytical study of DMI and skyrmion bubbles was supported by the Russian Science Foundation (Project No. 21-42-00041). The authors acknowledge the use of computational resources of the Skoltech supercomputer Zhores47 to obtain the theoretical results presented in this paper. The authors thank ID12 beamline staff for their help during the XMCD experiment and gratefully acknowledge the provision of beamtime (Proposal MA-3661) by the ESRF. The research contribution of M. P. (XMCD anaysis) was partially funded by the Russian Ministry of Science and Higher Education via the budget project of SRF SKIF, Boreskov Institute of Catalysis
Предметные рубрики: TOTAL-ENERGY CALCULATIONS
CIRCULAR-DICHROISM
MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS
Аннотация: Understanding the nature of recently discovered spin–orbital induced phenomena and a definition of a general approach for “ferromagnet/heavy-metal” layered systems to enhance and manipulate spin–orbit coupling, spin–orbit torque, and the Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction (DMI) assisted by atomic-scale interface engineering are essential for developing spintronics and spin-orbitronics. Here, we exploit X-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD) spectroscopy at the L2,3-edges of 5d and 4d non-magnetic heavy metals (W and Ru, respectively) in ultrathin Ru/Co/W/Ru films to determine their induced magnetic moments due to the proximity to the ferromagnetic layer of Co. The deduced orbital and spin magnetic moments agree well with the theoretically predicted values, highlighting the drastic effect of constituting layers on the system's magnetic properties and the strong interfacial DMI in Ru/Co/W/Ru films. As a result, we demonstrate the ability to simultaneously control the strength of magnetic anisotropy and intermixing-enhanced DMI through the interface engineered inversion asymmetry in thin-film chiral ferromagnets, which are a potential host for stable magnetic skyrmions.
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Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Tarasov A. S., Tarasov I. A., Yakovlev I. A., Rautskii M. V., Bondarev I. A., Lukyanenko A. V., Platunov M. S., Volochaev M. N., Efimov, Dmitriy D., Goikhman, Aleksandr Yu., Belyaev B. A., Baron F. A., Shanidze, Lev V., Farle M., Varnakov S. N., Ovchinnikov S. G., Volkov N. V.
Заглавие : Asymmetric interfaces in epitaxial off-stoichiometric Fe3+xSi1-x/Ge/Fe3+xSi1-x hybrid structures: Effect on magnetic and electric transport properties
Коллективы : RFBRRussian Foundation for Basic Research (RFBR); Krasnoyarsk Regional Fund of Science [20-42-243007, 20-42-240012]; Government of the Russian Federation [075-15-2019-1886]; Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation [FZWN-2020-0008]
Место публикации : Nanomaterials. - 2022. - Vol. 12, Is. 1. - Ст.131. - ISSN 2079-4991(eISSN), DOI 10.3390/nano12010131
Примечания : Cited References: 61. - The research was funded by RFBR, Krasnoyarsk Territory, and Krasnoyarsk Regional Fund of Science, project number 20-42-243007, and by the Government of the Russian Federation, Mega Grant for the Creation of Competitive World-Class Laboratories (Agreement no. 075-15-2019-1886). I.A.T. and S.N.V. thank RFBR, Krasnoyarsk Territory, and Krasnoyarsk Regional Fund of Science, project number 20-42-240012, for partial work related to the development of the simulation model of the pore autocorrelated radial distribution function coupled with the near coincidence site model, the Fe3+xSi1-x lattice distortion analysis, and processing Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy data. The Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy measurements were supported by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation (project FZWN-2020-0008)
Предметные рубрики: FILMS
ANISOTROPY
SI(001)
DEVICES
SURFACE
GROWTH
Аннотация: Three-layer iron-rich Fe3+xSi1-x/Ge/Fe3+xSi1-x (0.2 x 0.64) heterostructures on a Si(111) surface with Ge thicknesses of 4 nm and 7 nm were grown by molecular beam epitaxy. Systematic studies of the structural and morphological properties of the synthesized samples have shown that an increase in the Ge thickness causes a prolonged atomic diffusion through the interfaces, which significantly increases the lattice misfits in the Ge/Fe3+xSi1-x heterosystem due to the incorporation of Ge atoms into the Fe3+xSi1-x bottom layer. The resultant lowering of the total free energy caused by the development of the surface roughness results in a transition from an epitaxial to a polycrystalline growth of the upper Fe3+xSi1-x. The average lattice distortion and residual stress of the upper Fe3+xSi1-x were determined by electron diffraction and theoretical calculations to be equivalent to 0.2 GPa for the upper epitaxial layer with a volume misfit of -0.63% compared with a undistorted counterpart. The volume misfit follows the resultant interatomic misfit of |0.42|% with the bottom Ge layer, independently determined by atomic force microscopy. The variation in structural order and morphology significantly changes the magnetic properties of the upper Fe3+xSi1-x layer and leads to a subtle effect on the transport properties of the Ge layer. Both hysteresis loops and FMR spectra differ for the structures with 4 nm and 7 nm Ge layers. The FMR spectra exhibit two distinct absorption lines corresponding to two layers of ferromagnetic Fe3+xSi1-x films. At the same time, a third FMR line appears in the sample with the thicker Ge. The angular dependences of the resonance field of the FMR spectra measured in the plane of the film have a pronounced easy-axis type anisotropy, as well as an anisotropy corresponding to the cubic crystal symmetry of Fe3+xSi1-x, which implies the epitaxial orientation relationship of Fe3+xSi1-x (111)[0-11] || Ge(111)[1-10] || Fe3+xSi1-x (111)[0-11] || Si(111)[1-10]. Calculated from ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) data saturation magnetization exceeds 1000 kA/m. The temperature dependence of the electrical resistivity of a Ge layer with thicknesses of 4 nm and 7 nm is of semiconducting type, which is, however, determined by different transport mechanisms.
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Вид документа : Статья из газеты
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Алёшина, Татьяна
Заглавие : Загадка живых листьев, мегагранты и соленоиды : Институт физики КНЦ скоро отметит 65-летний юбилей
Коллективы : Сибирский федеральный университет
Место публикации : Сибирский форум : интеллектуальный диалог. - Красноярск: СФУ, 2021. - май. - С. 2-3
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Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Kazak N. V., Platunov M. S., Knyazev Yu. V., Molokeev M. S., Gorev M. V., Ovchinnikov S. G., Pchelkina Z. V., Gapontsev V. V., Streltsov S. V., Bartolome J., Arauzo A., Yumashev V. V., Gavrilkin S. Y., Wilhelm F., Rogalev A.
Заглавие : Spin state crossover in Co3BO5
Место публикации : Phys. Rev. B. - 2021. - Vol. 103, Is. 9. - Ст.094445. - ISSN 24699950 (ISSN), DOI 10.1103/PhysRevB.103.094445
Примечания : Cited References: 71. - We acknowledge many inspirational discussions on the topic of this paper with the late Natalia Ivanova and Leonard Bezmaternykh. The authors acknowledge A. Ney for allowing us to use the XANES spectrum of film. We are grateful to the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (Project No. 20-02-00559) and President Council on Grants (Project No. МК-2339.2020.2) for supporting this paper. This paper was carried out within the state assignment of the Russian Ministry of Science and High Education via program “Quantum”' (No. AAAA-A18-118020190095-4). We also acknowledge support by Russian Ministry of Education and Science via Contract No. 02.A03.21.0006. We acknowledge financial support from the Spanish Ministry of Economy, Industry and Competitiveness (MINECO, Grant No. MAT2017-83468-R) and from the regional Government of Aragon (E12-20R RASMIA project)
Аннотация: We have investigated the spin and oxidation states of Co in Co3BO5 using x-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD) and dc magnetic susceptibility measurements. At low temperatures, XMCD experiments have been performed at the Co K-edge in Co3BO5 and Co2FeBO5 single crystals in the fully ferrimagnetically ordered phase. The Co (K-edge) XMCD signal is found to be related to the Co2+ magnetic sublattices in both compounds, providing strong experimental support for the low-spin (LS) Co3+ scenario. The paramagnetic susceptibility is highly anisotropic. An estimation of the effective magnetic moment in the temperature range 100–250 K correlates well with two Co2+ ions in the high-spin (HS) state and some orbital contribution, while Co3+ remains in the LS state. The crystal structure of the Co3BO5 single crystal has been solved in detail at the T range 296–703 K. The unit cell parameters and volume show anomalies at 500 and 700 K. The octahedral environment of the Co4 site strongly changes with heating. The generalized gradient approximation with Hubbard U correction calculations have revealed that, at low-temperatures, the system is insulating with a band gap of 1.4 eV, and the Co2+ ions are in the HS state, while Co3+ are in the LS state. At high temperatures (T 700 K), the charge ordering disappears, and the system becomes metallic with all Co ions in 3d7 electronic configuration and HS state.
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Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Platunov M. S., Gudim I. A., Ovchinnikova, Elena N., Kozlovskaya, Ksenia A., Wilhelm, Fabrice, Rogalev, Andrei, Hen, Amir, Ivanov, Vsevolod Y., Mukhin, Alexander A., Dmitrienko, Vladimir E.
Заглавие : X-ray Natural Circular Dichroism imaging of multiferroic crystals
Коллективы : Russian Science FoundationRussian Science Foundation (RSF) [19-72-00002, 16-12-10531]; Russian Foundation for Basic ResearchRussian Foundation for Basic Research (RFBR) [19-52-12029, 19-02-00483]; Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation within the State assignment FSRC "Crystallography and Photonics" RAS
Место публикации : Crystals. - 2021. - Vol. 11, Is. 5. - Ст.531. - ISSN 2073-4352, DOI 10.3390/cryst11050531
Примечания : Cited References: 70. - This research was funded by the Russian Science Foundation (grant 19-72-00002). K.A.K. acknowledges support from the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (project no. 19-52-12029 and project no. 19-02-00483). V.E.D. was partly supported by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation within the State assignment FSRC "Crystallography and Photonics" RAS. V.Y.I. and A.A.M. were supported by the Russian Science Foundation [grant 16-12-10531]
Предметные рубрики: OPTICAL-ACTIVITY
MAGNETOELASTIC PROPERTIES
SINGLE-CRYSTAL
Аннотация: The polarizing spectroscopy techniques in visible range optics have been used since the beginning of the 20th century to study the anisotropy of crystals based on birefringence and optical activity phenomena. On the other hand, the phenomenon of X-ray optical activity has been demonstrated only relatively recently. It is a selective probe for the element-specific properties of individual atoms in non-centrosymmetric materials. We report the X-ray Natural Circular Dichroism (XNCD) imaging technique which enables spatially resolved mapping of X-ray optical activity in non-centrosymmetric materials. As an example, we present the results of combining micro-focusing X-ray optics with circularly polarized hard X-rays to make a map of enantiomorphous twinning in a multiferroic SmFe3(BO3)4 crystal. Our results demonstrate the utility and potential of polarization-contrast imaging with XNCD as a sensitive technique for multiferroic crystals where the local enantiomorphous properties are especially important. In perspective, this brings a novel high-performance method for the characterization of structural changes associated with phase transitions and identification of the size and spatial distribution of twin domains.
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Вид документа : Статья из сборника (однотомник)
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Тарасов, Антон Сергеевич, Яковлев, Иван Александрович, Платунов, Михаил Сергеевич, Волков, Никита Валентинович
Заглавие : Синтез и магнитные свойства трехслойных гибридных структур Fe3-xSi1+x /Ge/Fe3Si/Si(111)
Коллективы : "Новое в магнетизме и магнитных материалах", международная конференция, Научный совет по физике конденсированных сред РАН, МИРЭА - Российский технологический университет, Московский государственный университет им. М.В. Ломоносова, Магнитное общество России
Место публикации : Новое в магнетизме и магнитных материалах: сборник трудов XXIV международной конференции/ прогр. ком.: Р. С. Исхаков, С. Г. Овчинников [и др.]. - 2021. - Секция 9: Магнитные пленки. - С. 75-77
Примечания : Библиогр.: 5
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10.

Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Averyanov D. V., Sokolov, Ivan S., Platunov M. S., Wilhelm, Fabrice, Rogalev, Andrei, Gargiani, Pierluigi, Valvidares, Manuel, Jaouen, Nicolas, Parfenov, Oleg E., Taldenkov, Alexander N., Karateev, Igor A., Tokmachev, Andrey M., Storchak V. G.
Заглавие : Competing magnetic states in silicene and germanene 2D ferromagnets
Место публикации : Nano Res. - 2020. - Vol. 13, Is. 12. - P.3396-3402. - ISSN 1998-0124, DOI 10.1007/s12274-020-3027-y. - ISSN 1998-0000(eISSN)
Примечания : Cited References: 58. - This work was supported by National Research Center (NRC) "Kurchatov Institute" (No. 1359, characterization) and the Russian Science Foundation (No. 19-19-00009 (synthesis) and No. 20-79-10028 (magnetization measurements)). D. V. A. also acknowledges support from the President's scholarship (SP 1398.2019.5). The measurements have been carried out using equipment of the resource centers of electrophysical and electron microscopy techniques in NRC "Kurchatov Institute"
Предметные рубрики: RAY CIRCULAR-DICHROISM
ABSORPTION
Аннотация: Two-dimension (2D) magnets have recently developed into a class of stoichiometric materials with prospective applications in ultra-compact spintronics and quantum computing. Their functionality is particularly rich when different magnetic orders are competing in the same material. Metalloxenes REX2 (RE = Eu, Gd; X = Si, Ge), silicene or germanene — heavy counterparts of graphene — coupled with a layer of rare-earth metals, evolve from three-dimension (3D) antiferromagnets in multilayer structures to 2D ferromagnets in a few monolayers. This evolution, however, does not lead to fully saturated 2D ferromagnetism, pointing at a possibility of coexisting/competing magnetic states. Here, REX2 magnetism is explored with element-selective X-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD). The measurements are carried out for GdSi2, EuSi2, GdGe2, and EuGe2 of different thicknesses down to 1 monolayer employing K absorption edges of Si and Ge as well as M and L edges of the rare-earths. They access the magnetic state in REX2 and determine the seat of magnetism, orbital, and spin contributions to the magnetic moment. High-field measurements probe remnants of the bulk antiferromagnetism in 2D REX2. The results provide a new platform for studies of complex magnetic structures in 2D materials.
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