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Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Mel'nikova S. V., Pogoreltsev E. I., Flerov I. N., Laptash N. M.
Заглавие : Unusual sequence of phase transitions in (NH4)3TiF7 detected by optic and calorimetric studies
Коллективы : Russian Foundation for Basic Research [12-02-00056]; Council on Grants from the President of the Russian Federation for the Support of Leading Scientific Schools of the Russian Federation [NSh-924.2014.2]
Место публикации : J. Fluor. Chem.: Elsevier Science, 2014. - Vol. 165. - P.14-19. - ISSN 0022-1139, DOI 10.1016/j.jfluchem.2014.05.016. - ISSN 1873-3328
Примечания : Cited References: 13. - This work was supported by Russian Foundation for Basic Research (Grant no. 12-02-00056), and the Council on Grants from the President of the Russian Federation for the Support of Leading Scientific Schools of the Russian Federation (Grant no. NSh-924.2014.2).
Предметные рубрики: CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE
DIFFRACTION
NH4F
Ключевые слова (''Своб.индексиров.''): cubic fluorides--phase transitions--crystal-optic--calorimetry
Аннотация: For the first time structural transformations were observed for one of the compounds belonging to the family of double salt fluorides A3MeF7 = A2MeF6·AF. Single crystals of (NH4)3TiF7 = (NH4)2TiF6·NH4F were grown by evaporation of the aqueous solution. Polarizing optical observations, heat capacity and birefringence Δn = (no − ne) measurements were performed in a wide temperature range 100–400 K. Two reversible, first order structural phase transitions were found to be followed by an unusual sequence of symmetry changes: cubic (G3) (T2↓ = 287.5 K; T2↑ = 291–310 K) ↔ P4/mnc (G2) (T1↓ = 358.5 K; T1↑ = 360 K) ↔ 4/m (G1). The twin structures observed were described assuming the existence of cubic parent phase G0 with P m 3 ¯ m symmetry.
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Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Bartolome J., Arauzo A., Kazak N. V., Ivanova N. B., Ovchinnikov S. G., Knyazev Yu. V., Lyubutin I. S.
Заглавие : Uniaxial magnetic anisotropy in Co2.25Fe0.75O2BO3 compared to Co3O2BO3 and Fe3O2BO ludwigites
Разночтения заглавия :авие SCOPUS: Uniaxial magnetic anisotropy in Co2.25Fe0.75O 2BO3 compared to Co3O2BO3 and Fe3O2BO ludwigites
Место публикации : Phys. Rev. B: AMER PHYSICAL SOC, 2011. - Vol. 83, Is. 14. - Ст.144426. - ISSN 1098-0121, DOI 10.1103/PhysRevB.83.144426
Примечания : Cited References: 25. - The authors acknowledge V. V. Rudenko for the oxyborate samples they made and O. A. Bayukov for fruitful discussion. The financial support of Spanish MINCYT, Grant No. MAT08/1077, and the Aragonese E-34 project are acknowledged. Fruitful discussions with F. Bartolome and P. Bordet are acknowledged. The latter is thanked for providing the FeINF3/INFOINF2/INFBOINF3/INF single crystal. Also this study was supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (Project No. 09-02-00171-a), the Federal Agency for Science and Innovation (Rosnauka) (Project No. MK-5632.2010.2), and the Physical Division of the Russian Academy of Science (Program "Strongly Correlated Electrons," Project No. 2.3.1).
Предметные рубрики: CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE
MOSSBAUER
CO3BO5
Аннотация: Magnetic and Mossbauer spectroscopy (MS) measurements have been performed on a single crystal of Co2.25Fe0.75O2BO3 with ludwigite structure. Two magnetic transitions (T-N = 115 K and T-C = 70 K) were traced from the ac susceptibility temperature dependence. The MS spectra as a function of temperature clearly show the onset of magnetic ordering below 115 K. Magnetization measurements on the parent Co3O2BO3 and Fe3O2BO3 compounds have been done for comparison. In Fe3O2BO3 the anisotropy of the different phases has been determined, showing that the anisotropy axis changes from the a to the b axis in the low-temperature antiferromagnetic phase. High magnetic uniaxial anisotropy has been detected for both Co3O2BO3 and Co2.25Fe0.75O2BO3. From the angle-dependent magnetization measurements it is found that in both compounds the easy axis of magnetization is the b [010] axis, where an antiferromagnetic component is superimposed on the main ferromagnetic component. In the c direction the behavior is purely antiferromagnetic. In Co2.25Fe0.75O2BO3 a strong reduction of the remanent magnetization and a very strong increase in coercive field along the b axis with respect to those found in Co3O2BO3 were observed from magnetic hysteresis cycles measured below T-C. The increase of coercive field is caused by the increase of defects upon Co substitution by Fe.
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Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Gorev M., Bogdanov E. V., Flerov I. N., Laptash N. M.
Заглавие : Thermal expansion, phase diagrams and barocaloric effects in (NH4)(2)NbOF5
Коллективы :
Разночтения заглавия :авие SCOPUS: Thermal expansion, phase diagrams and barocaloric effects in (NH 4)2NbOF5
Место публикации : J. Phys.: Condens. Matter: IOP PUBLISHING LTD, 2010. - Vol. 22, Is. 18. - Ст.185901. - ISSN 0953-8984, DOI 10.1088/0953-8984/22/18/185901
Примечания : Cited References: 17. - This work was supported in part by the Krasnoyarsk Regional Foundation for Support of Scientific and Scientific-Technological Investigations and RFBR in the framework of project 'Siberia' (Grant No. 09-02-98001), and the Council on Grants from the President of the Russian Federation for Support of Leading Scientific Schools (project No. Nsh-1011.2008.2).
Предметные рубрики: CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE
SOLID-STATE
OXYFLUORIDE
TRANSITION
ANION
Ключевые слова (''Своб.индексиров.''): antiferromagnets--ferromagnets--heat capacities--high stress--intermediate phase--pippard relations--structural phase transition--transition temperature--uniaxial pressures--financial data processing--phase diagrams--phase transitions--thermal stress--tools--thermal expansion
Аннотация: The thermal expansion along the a, b and c axes of a (NH4)(2)NbOF5 crystal was measured from 120 to 300 K. Anomalies of alpha(T) associated with previously reported phase transitions Cmc2(1) - C-2 - I a were observed along all directions at T-1 = 259.3 K and T-2 = 220.5 K. The analysis of thermal expansion and heat capacity in the frame of the Pippard relations has permitted us to determine the uniaxial pressure derivatives of the transition temperatures dT/d sigma(i). The T-sigma(i) phase diagrams have shown a tendency for the intermediate phase to disappear at high stress along the b and c axes. Intensive and extensive barocaloric effects near the structural phase transitions were found to be comparable with the caloric parameters of some ferroelectrics, ferromagnets and antiferromagnets.
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Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Vasiliev, Alexander D., Cherepakhin, Alexander V., Zaitsev, Alexander I.
Заглавие : The trigonal polymorph of strontium tetraborate, beta-SrB4O7
Место публикации : Acta Crystallogr. Sect. E.-Struct Rep. Online. - MALDEN: WILEY-BLACKWELL, 2010. - Vol. 66, Part 6. - С. I48-U132. - JUN. - ISSN 1600-5368, DOI 10.1107/S1600536810019069
Примечания : Cited Reference Count: 22. - Гранты: We thank the State Program for Support of Leading Scientific Schools (grant LS-4645.2010.2.)Финансирующая организация: Leading Scientific Schools [LS-4645.2010.2]
Предметные рубрики: CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE
SRB4O7
LUMINESCENCE
MODEL
Ключевые слова (''Своб.индексиров.''): tetra
Аннотация: The asymmetric unit of the title compound, beta-SrB4O7, contains five Sr atoms (three located on a threefold rotation axis), twelve B and 21 O atoms. The structure is made up from BO3 triangles and BO4 tetrahedra in a 1:1 ratio. Pairs of BO3 triangles are linked to BO4 tetrahedra via common corners, forming chains. These chains are further linked to adjacent chains through corner-sharing, leading to a three-dimensional framework with channels running parallel to [001]. The Sr2+ ions reside in the channels and exhibit strongly distorted polyhedra The density of the beta-polymorph is considerably lower than that of beta-SrB4O7, which is constructed solely from BO4 tetrahedra.
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Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Golovnev N. N., Molokeev M. S., Vereshchagin, Sergey N., Sterkhova I. V., Atuchin V. V.
Заглавие : The cis-trans isomer transformation, spectroscopic and thermal properties of Li, Na, K 1,3-diethyl-2-thiobarbiturate complexes
Коллективы : Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation
Место публикации : Polyhedron: PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD, 2015. - Vol. 85. - P.493-498. - ISSN 0277-5387, DOI 10.1016/j.poly.2014.09.011
Примечания : Cited References:42. - The study has been carried out within the public task of the Ministry ofEducation and Science of the Russian Federation for research engineeringat the Siberian Federal University in 2014. V.V.A. is partly supportedby the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation.
Предметные рубрики: CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE
2-THIOBARBITURIC ACID
STRUCTURAL-CHARACTERIZATION
HYDROGEN-BOND
DIFFRACTION
THIOBARBITURATE
CHEMISTRY
NETWORKS
SPECTRA
SERIES
Ключевые слова (''Своб.индексиров.''): 1,3-diethyl-2-thiobarbituric acid--alkali ions--x-ray diffraction--infrared spectroscopy--thermal analysis
Аннотация: Three new complexes of 1,3-diethyl-2-thiobarbituric acid (C8H11N2O2S, HDETBA) with Li+, Na+, K+ alkali ions were synthesized. The complexes have been prepared by neutralization of 1,3-diethyl-2-thiobarbituric acid with the corresponding metal hydroxide in aqueous solution. The colorless crystals have been investigated using X-ray single crystal and powder techniques and characterized by differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetry and infrared spectroscopy. The compounds of MDETBA with M = Li and M = Na crystallize in the monoclinic lattice with a = 10.678(1) Å, b = 7.2687(9) Å, c = 13.202(2) Å, β = 108.841(2)°, Z = 4, V = 969.8(2) Å3, S.G. P21/n and a = 10.534(2) Å, b = 7.604(1) Å, c = 14.186(1) Å, β = 108.964(4)°, Z = 4, V = 1074.6(3) Å3, S.G. P21/n, respectively. Сompound KDETBA crystallizes in the orthorhombic lattice with a = 4.2541(6) Å, b = 14.739(2) Å, c = 16.635(3) Å, Z = 4, V = 1043.1(3) Å3, S.G. P212121. In Li(I) and Na(I) complexes, the DETBA− ion is in cis-configuration and, in the K(I) complex, this ion is in trans-configuration. The reason for the transformation from cis- to trans-configuration has been rationalized.
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Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Grossman, Victoria G., Bazarova J. G., Molokeev M. S., Bazarov B. G.
Заглавие : Thallium ionic conductivity of new thallium indium hafnium molybdate ceramics
Коллективы : RFBRRussian Foundation for Basic Research (RFBR) [0339-2016-0007]; [18-08-00799]; [18-03-00557]
Место публикации : Ionics. - 2020. - Vol. 26. - P.6157-6165. - ISSN 0947-7047, DOI 10.1007/s11581-020-03739-7. - ISSN 1862-0760(eISSN)
Примечания : Cited References: 60. - This study was carried out within the state assignment of FASO of Russia (Theme No 0339-2016-0007) as well was supported by RFBR Grants 18-08-00799 and 18-03-00557
Предметные рубрики: POSITIVE ELECTRODE MATERIAL
CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE
TRIPLE MOLYBDATE
Аннотация: In the process of studying the system Tl2MoO4–In2(MoO4)3–Hf(MoO4)2, a new thallium indium hafnium molybdate was found. The crystal structure of the molybdate Tl5InHf(MoO4)6 was determined in the centrosymmetric space group R3¯c (a = 10.63893 (5) Å, c = 38.1447(3) Å; V = 3739.04 (4) Å3, Z = 6). The structure is a three-dimensional framework consisting of alternating (Hf,In)O6-octahedra connected by МоО4-tetrahedra. Each octahedron has common vertices with tetrahedra. The atoms arranged in this way form channels extended along with the a and b axes, in which thallium atoms are located. The conductivity behavior of Tl5InHf(MoO4)6 ceramics was studied in the temperature range from 300 to 870 K. The conductivity of the heavy cations of thallium is activated with increasing temperature.
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Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Denisova L. T., Molokeev M. S., Irtyugo L. A., Beletskii V. V., Kargin, Yu. F., Denisov V. M.
Заглавие : Synthesis, structure, and thermophysical properties of EuGaGe2O7
Место публикации : Inorg. Mater. - 2020. - Vol. 56, Is. 8. - P.854-858. - ISSN 0020-1685, DOI 10.1134/S002016852008004X. - ISSN 1608-3172(eISSN)
Примечания : Cited References: 18
Предметные рубрики: TEMPERATURE HEAT-CAPACITY
THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES
CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE
Аннотация: The europium gallium germanate EuGaGe2O7 has been prepared by solid-state reaction in air in the temperature range 1273–1473 K using a stoichiometric mixture of Eu2O3, Ga2O3, and GeO2. Its crystal structure has been determined by X-ray diffraction (sp. gr. P21/c, a = 7.1693(7) Å, b = 6.57008(6) Å, c = 12.7699(1) Å, β = 117.4522(5)°, V = 533.768(8) Å3). The heat capacity of polycrystalline samples has been determined by differential scanning calorimetry in the temperature range 350–1053 K and the experimental data have been used to calculate the thermodynamic properties (enthalpy increment, entropy change, and reduced Gibbs energy change) of EuGaGe2O7.
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Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Andreev O. V., Atuchin V. V., Aleksandrovsky A. S., Denisenko Y. G., Zakharov B. A., Tyutyunnik A. P., Habibullayev N. N., Velikanov D. A., Ulybin D. A., Shpindyuk D. D.
Заглавие : Synthesis, structure, and properties of EuLnCuSe3 (Ln = Nd, Sm, Gd, Er)
Коллективы : Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Ferderation [AAAA-A21-121011390011-4, AAAA-A19-119031890025-9]; Government of the Tyumen Region [2. 89-don]
Место публикации : Crystals. - 2022. - Vol. 12, Is. 1. - Ст.17. - ISSN 2073-4352(eISSN), DOI 10.3390/cryst12010017
Примечания : Cited References: 60. - The study was funded by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Ferderation (Projects AAAA-A21-121011390011-4 and AAAA-A19-119031890025-9), as well as the Government of the Tyumen Region (grant to non-profit organizations No. 2. 89-don, dated 7 December 2020)
Предметные рубрики: RARE-EARTH
CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE
MAGNETIC-PROPERTIES
CHALCOGENIDES
Аннотация: EuLnCuSe3 (Ln = Nd, Sm, Gd, Er), due to their complex composition, should be considered new materials with the ability to purposefully change the properties. Samples of the EuLnCuSe3 were prepared using Cu, rare earth metal, Se (99.99%) by the ampoule method. The samples were obtained by the crystallization from a melt and annealed at temperatures 1073 and 1273 K. The EuErCuSe3 crystal structure was established using the single-crystal particle. EuErCuSe3 crystallizes in the orthorhombic system, space group Cmcm, KCuZrS3 structure type, with cell parameters a = 4.0555 (3), b = 13.3570 (9), and c = 10.4602 (7) Å, V = 566.62 (6) Å3. In structure EuErCuSe3, erbium ions are coordinated by selenium ions in the octahedral polyhedron, copper ions are in the tetrahedral coordination, europium ions are between copper and erbium polyhedra layers and are coordinated by selenium ions as two-cap trigonal prisms. The optical band gap is 1.79 eV. At 4.7 K, a transition from the ferrimagnetic state to the paramagnetic state was detected in EuErCuSe3. At 85 and 293 K, the compound is in a paramagnetic state. According to XRPD data, EuLnCuSe3 (Ln = Nd, Sm, Gd) compounds have a Pnma orthorhombic space group of the Eu2CuS3 structure type. For EuSmCuSe3, a = 10.75704 (15) Å, b = 4.11120 (5) Å, c = 13.37778 (22) Å. In the series of EuLnCuSe3 compounds, the optical band gap increases 1.58 eV (Nd), 1.58 eV (Sm), 1.72 eV (Gd), 1.79 eV (Er), the microhardness of the 205 (Nd), 210 (Sm), 225 (Gd) 235 ± 4 HV (Er) phases increases, and the thermal stability of the phases increases significantly. According to the measurement data of differential scanning calorimetry, the EuNdCuSe3 decomposes, according to the solid-phase reaction T = 1296 K, ΔH = 8.2 ± 0.8 kJ/mol. EuSmCuSe3 melts incongruently T = 1449 K, ΔH = 18.8 ± 1.9 kJ/mol. For the EuGdCuSe3, two (Tα↔β = 1494 K, ΔHα↔β = 14.8 kJ/mol, Tβ↔γ = 1530 K, ΔHβ↔γ = 4.8 kJ/mol) and for EuErCuSe3 three polymorphic transitions (Tα↔β = 1561 K, ΔHα↔β = 30.3 kJ/mol, Tβ↔γ = 1579 K, ΔHβ↔γ = 4.4 kJ/mol, and Tγ↔δ = 1600 K, ΔHγ↔δ = 10.1 kJ/mol). The compounds melt incongruently at the temperature of 1588 K, ΔHmelt = 17.9 ± 1.8 kJ/mol and 1664 K, ΔHmelt = 25.6 ± 2.5 kJ/mol, respectively. Incongruent melting of the phases proceeds with the formation of a solid solution of EuSe and a liquid phase.
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Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Grossman V. G., Bazarov B. G., Stefanovich S. Y., Molokeev M. S., Bazarova J. G.
Заглавие : Synthesis, structure and properties of K2(1-x)Rb2xAl2B2O7 and Cs1.39Tl0.61Al2B2O7 borates as the basis for preparing new oxide materials
Коллективы : [0339-2016-0007]
Место публикации : Lett. Mater. - 2019. - Vol. 9, Is. 1. - P.86-90. - ISSN 2218-5046, DOI 10.22226/2410-3535-2019-1-86-90; Письма о материалах. - ISSN 2410-3535(eISSN)
Примечания : Cited References:22. - The research was carried out within the state assignment of FASO of Russia (Theme No 0339-2016-0007).
Предметные рубрики: OPTICAL-PROPERTIES
CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE
K2Al2B2O7
GROWTH
Аннотация: With the development of technology, the need for highly efficient functional materials is steadily increasing. Currently, borates attract the attention of researchers, as they are promising nonlinear materials. Potassium rubidium aluminum borate based on potassium aluminum borate (trigonal syngony, space group P321, Z = 3) was obtained by solid-phase synthesis. The individuality and purity of the borates were confirmed by X-ray diffraction. Analysis of differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric method for K2(1‑x)Rb2xAl2B2O7 (x = 0.1– 0.8) was performed in the temperature range of 25–1075°С. Potassium rubidium borates decompose in the temperature range of 900 –1000°C. Differential scanning calorimetry, dielectric loss tangent, and second-harmonic generation data revealed phase transitions for K0.6Rb1.4Al2B2O7. A significant SHG effect was found at room temperature for K0.6Rb1.4Al2B2O7 (Q = 70). Then the SHG effect increases to Q = 85 at a temperature of 645°C and remains constant with a further increase in temperature. The new triple borate Cs1.39Tl0.61Al2B2O7 was synthesized by the solid-phase synthesis, and its crystallographic parameters were obtained by the Rietveld method. This borate crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21 / c with the unit cell parameters: Z = 2, a = 6.6669(3) Å, b = 7.2991(3) Å , c = 9.3589(4) Å , β =116.6795(18)°, V = 406.94(3) Å 3. The structure can be considered to be built up from the nearly planar [Al2B2O10] rings, which are composed of two AlO4 tetrahedra and two BO3 triangles, connected, alternately to each other by corner-sharing.С развитием технологии потребность в высокоэффективных функциональных материалах растет. В настоящее время бораты привлекают внимание исследователей, поскольку они являются перспективными нелинейными материалами. Твердофазным синтезом получены бораты K2(1-x)Rb2xAl2B2O7 (x = 0.1–0.8) на основе калий-алюминиевого бората (тригональная сингония, пространственная группа P321, Z = 3). Индивидуальность и чистота боратов подтверждена рентгеновской дифракцией. Анализ дифференциально-сканирующей калориметрией и термогравиметрическим методом для K2(1-x)Rb2xAl2B2O7 (x = 0.1–0.8) был проведен в интервале температур 25–1075 ºС. Калий-рубидиевые бораты разлагаются в интервале температур 900–1000 °C. Дифференциальной сканирующей калориметрией, диэлектрическими измерениями и методом генерации второй оптической гармоники выявлены фазовые переходы для K0.6Rb1.4Al2B2O7. Значительный ГВГ-эффект был обнаружен при комнатной температуре для K0.6Rb1.4Al2B2O7 (Q = 70). Эффект генерации второй гармоники возрастает до Q = 85 при температуре 645 °C и остается постоянным при дальнейшем увеличении температуры. Новый тройной борат Cs1.39Tl0.61Al2B2O7 был синтезирован методом твердофазного синтеза, а его кристаллографические параметры были получены с помощью метода Ритвельда. Этот борат кристаллизуется в моноклинной пространственной группе P21/c с параметрами элементарной ячейки: Z = 2, a = 6.6669 (3) Å, b = 7.2991 (3) Å, c = 9.3589 (4) Å, β = 116.6795 (18)º, V = 406.94 (3) Å3. Структуру можно представить в виде почти плоских колец [Al2B2O10], которые состоят из двух тетраэдров AlO4 и двух BO3 треугольников, соединенных попеременно друг с другом посредством вершин.
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10.

Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Atuchin V. V., Molokeev M. S., Yurkin G. Yu., Gavrilova T. A., Kesler V. G., Laptash N. M., Flerov I. N., Patrin G. S.
Заглавие : Synthesis, structural, magnetic, and electronic properties of cubic CsMnMoO3F3 oxyfluoride
Место публикации : J. Phys. Chem. C: American Chemical Society, 2012. - Vol. 116, Is. 18. - P.10162-10170. - ISSN 1932-7447, DOI 10.1021/jp302020f
Примечания : Cited References: 64. - We thank Dr. A.M. Ziatdinov for the electron paramagnetic resonance measurements. This study was partly supported by SB RAS (Grant 28).
Предметные рубрики: RAY PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY
PHASE-TRANSITIONS
CORE LEVELS
SURFACE CHARACTERIZATION
CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE
CLEAVED SURFACE
MIXED-VALENCE
OXIDES
MN
MOLYBDENUM
Chemical bondings
Cubic phase
Energy differences
Heat capacity measurements
Oxyfluorides
Powder samples
Solid-state synthesis
Space Groups
Temperature range
Valence electron
Binding energy
Chemical bonds
Electronic structure
Fluorine compounds
Magnetic properties
Metal ions
Photoelectrons
Rietveld method
X ray photoelectron spectroscopy
Electronic properties
Аннотация: A powder sample of CsMnMoO3F3 oxyfluoride has been prepared by solid state synthesis. The pyrochlore-related crystal structure of CsMnMoO3F3 has been refined by the Rietveld method at T = 298 K (space group Fd-3m, a = 10.59141(4) angstrom, V = 1188.123(8) angstrom(3); R-B = 3.44%). The stability of the cubic phase has been obtained over the temperature range T = 110-293 K by heat capacity measurements. Magnetic properties have been measured over the range of T = 2-300 K. The electronic structure of CsMnMoO3F3 has been evaluated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Chemical bonding effects have been discussed for all metal ions using binding energy difference parameters and wide comparison with related oxides and fluorides. The competition between O-2(-) and F- ions for metal valence electrons has been found.
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