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Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Plotkin V. V., Dyad'kov P. G., Ovchinnikov S. G.
Заглавие : Possible contribution of lower mantle magnesiowüstite metallization into geomagnetic data
Место публикации : Rus. Geol. Geophys.: Elsevier, 2013. - Vol. 54, Is. 3. - P.263-271. - DOI 10.1016/j.rgg.2013.02.002
Аннотация: Phase change of dielectric magnesiowüstite in the lower mantle may leave signatures in geomagnetic records of the globally distributed array of observatories. We investigate theoretically which may be the contribution of magnesiowüstite metallization to geomagnetic data and how the variations of magnetic susceptibility associated with this phase change may influence the Earth's field. The modeling is performed using spherical harmonic analysis (SHA) of mantle electromagnetic (EM) responses in observatory geomagnetic data at periods of decades, 11 years, 1 year, and 27 days. The existence of a lower mantle conductor is checked against monthly means of real observatory records from 1920 through 2009 obtained by preliminary processing.
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Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Epov M. I., Mironov V. L., Muzalevskiy K. V., Eltsov I. N., Salomatov U. P.
Заглавие : A geosteering tool for horizontal well logging
Место публикации : Rus. Geol. Geophys. - 2013. - Vol. 54, Is. 9. - P.1103-1107. - ISSN 1068-7971, DOI 10.1016/j.rgg.2013.07.022
Ключевые слова (''Своб.индексиров.''): downhole radar--geosteering--oil-water contact--saturated formation--ultrabroadband nanosecond electromagnetic pulse
Аннотация: A theoretical study has been performed to check the possibility of using ultrabroadband nanosecond electromagnetic pulses as a geosteering tool for horizontal drilling to estimate the distance to the oil-water contact (OWC) in a floating oil accumulation. The voltage of a microwave-bandwidth pulse at the dipole receiver of a downhole radar was modeled for the case of a horizontal borehole near OWC in a formation saturated with oil and water. Numerical solutions to the boundary problem formulated on the basis of the Maxwell equations were obtained with the Microwave Studio software (www.cst.com). The frequency-dependent dielectric constants of the layered saturated formation and the drilling fluid were assumed according to experimentally tested models. The modeling has demonstrated that nanosecond electromagnetic pulses arriving from a layered oil-water contact can in principle be acquired and the distance from the wellbore to the OWC median can be inferred from the respective time delays recorded by a downhole radar. Additionally, the possible dynamic range and accuracy of sensing have been estimated. В© 2013.
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Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Epov M. I., Savin I. V., Mironov V. L.
Заглавие : A temperature-dependent dielectric model for water- and oil-containing rocks in the frequency range from 0.5 to 15 GHz
Место публикации : Russ. Geol. Geophys.: Elsevier Science BV, 2012. - Vol. 53, Is. 7. - P.698-703. - ISSN 1068-7971, DOI 10.1016/j.rgg.2012.05.008
Примечания : Cited References: 17
Предметные рубрики: MOIST SOILS
POLARIZATION PROCESSES
PERMITTIVITY METHOD
Ключевые слова (''Своб.индексиров.''): dielectric permittivity--effective conductivity--water-containing rocks--temperature-dependent dielectric model
Аннотация: Dielectric spectra of water-containing rocks forming a mineral framework of the oil-saturated bed (clay minerals amount to˂16%) were measured in the frequency range from 500 MHz to 15 GHz and in the temperature range from 20 to 80 °C. A physical model for computing spectra of the dielectric permittivity and effective conductivity of the studied rocks has been elaborated. Its input parameters are water (salt solution) content and temperature. The errors of the computed spectra relative to the measured ones are estimated.
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Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Plotkin V. V., Dyad'kov P. G., Ovchinnikov S. G.
Заглавие : Detecting a magnesiowustite phase transition in the lower mantle by inversion of geomagnetic data
Коллективы : Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences [96]
Место публикации : Russ. Geol. Geophys.: Elsevier Science, 2014. - Vol. 55, Is. 9. - P.1138-1145. - ISSN 1068-7971, DOI 10.1016/j.rgg.2014.08.009. - ISSN 1878-030X
Примечания : Cited References: 26. - The study was supported by the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (interdisciplinary integration project no. 96).
Предметные рубрики: ELECTRICAL-CONDUCTIVITY
SATELLITE MEASUREMENTS
EARTHS MANTLE
GLOBAL MVS
INDUCTION
FIELD
METALLIZATION
Ключевые слова (''Своб.индексиров.''): magnesiowustite--metallic state--phase transition--lower mantle--conductivity--geomagnetic variations--global network
Аннотация: Global geomagnetic data are inverted for detecting a high-conductivity layer at depths of 1500-2000 km to test the hypothesis of a magnesiowustite phase transition in the lower mantle. We present the results of processing of both synthetic and global data-average monthly values of the geomagnetic field from 1920 to 2009. The inverted global data are consistent with the possible existence of a high-conductivity layer at great depths in the lower mantle.
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Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Bataleva, Yu. V., Palyanov, Yu. N., Sokol A. G., Borzdov, Yu. M., Bayukov O. A.
Заглавие : The role of rocks saturated with metallic iron in the formation of ferric carbonate-silicate melts: experimental modeling under PT-conditions of lithospheric mantle
Коллективы : Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences [31], Russian Foundation for Basic Research [12-05-00740]
Место публикации : Russ. Geol. Geophys.: Elsevier Science, 2015. - Vol. 56, Is. 1-2. - P.143-154. - ISSN 1068, DOI 10.1016/j.rgg.2015.01.008. - ISSN 1878030X(eISSN)
Примечания : Cited References:68. - This work was supported by Integration project 31 from the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences and by grant 12-05-00740 from the Russian Foundation for Basic Research.
Предметные рубрики: OXYGEN FUGACITY
DIAMOND FORMATION
OXIDATION-STATE
EARTHS MANTLE
Ключевые слова (''Своб.индексиров.''): carbonate-silicate melt--graphite--co2 fluid--iron carbide--garnet--redox gradient--high-pressure experiment
Аннотация: Experimental modeling of the processes of formation of ferric carbonate-silicate melts through the carbonate-oxide-metal interaction is performed in the (Mg,Ca)CO3-SiO2-Al2O3-Fe0 system at 6.3 and 7.5 GPa and within 1150-1650 °C, using a multianvil high-pressure apparatus of “split-sphere” type (BARS). Two parallel reactions run in the subsolidus region (1150-1450 °C): decarbonation, producing pyrope-almandine (Fe# = 0.40-0.75) and CO2 fluid, and redox interaction between carbonate and Fe0, resulting in the crystallization of iron carbide in assemblage with magnesiowustite (Fe# = 0.75-0.85). It is shown that the reduction of carbonate or CO2 fluid by iron carbide and parallel redox interaction of magnesiowustite with CO2 produce graphite in assemblage with Fe3 + -containing magnesiowustite. In the temperature range of 1450-1650 °C, generation of carbonate-silicate melts coexisting with pyrope-almandine, magnesiowustite, magnetite, ferrospinel, and graphite takes place. The composition of the produced melts is as follows: SiO2 - 10-15 wt.%, X(FeO + Fe2O3) = 36-43 wt.%, and Fe3+/XFe - 0.18-0.23. These Fe3 + -enriched carbonate-silicate melts/fluids are saturated with carbon and are the medium of graphite crystallization. Oxide and silicate phases (almandine, ferrospinel, and magnetite) coexisting with graphite are also characterized by high Fe3+/XFe values. It has been established that Fe3 + -enriched carbonate-silicate melts can result from the interaction of Fe0-containing rocks with carbonated rocks. In the reduced mantle (with the presence of iron carbides or oxides), melts of this composition can be the source of carbon and the medium of graphite crystallization at once. After separation and ascent, these ferric carbonate-silicate melts can favor oxidizing metasomatism in the lithospheric mantle.
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Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Litasov K. D., Popov Z. I., Gavryushkin P. N., Ovchinnikov S. G., Fedorov A. S.
Заглавие : First-principles calculations of the equations of state and relative stability of iron carbides at the Earth's core pressures
Коллективы : Russian Science Foundation [14-17-00601], Russian Federation under Ministry of Education and Science [MD-500.2013.5, 14.B25.31.0032], Leading Science School program [NSh-2886.2014.2]
Место публикации : Russ. Geol. Geophys.: Elsevier Science, 2015. - Vol. 56, Is. 1-2. - P.164-171. - ISSN 1068, DOI 10.1016/j.rgg.2015.01.010. - ISSN 1878030X(eISSN)
Примечания : Cited References:50. - The study was supported by the Russian Science Foundation (grant no. 14-17-00601) and a grant for young scientists from the President of the Russian Federation (MD-500.2013.5) under a project of the Ministry of Education and Science (no. 14.B25.31.0032). The work of S.G. Ovchinnikov and Z.I. Popov was also supported by the Leading Science School program (no. NSh-2886.2014.2).
Предметные рубрики: AUGMENTED-WAVE METHOD
Fe-C SYSTEM
AB-INITIO
OF-STATE
CARBON
MANTLE
Ключевые слова (''Своб.индексиров.''): iron carbide--earth's core--first-principles calculations--density--bulk--modulus--magnetic moment
Аннотация: Recent experimental studies have demonstrated that Fe3C is more stable than Fe7C3 under PT-conditions of the Earth's core. Theoretical calculations at 0 K, in turn, show the possible stability of Fe2C at the core pressures. Therefore, a theoretical modeling of iron carbides at 100 GPa, Fe2C loses its magnetic moment. Assuming carbon to be the only light element in the system, the first-principles calculations yield 2.7-2.9 and 2.0-2.2 wt.% C at the boundary of the inner core at 5000 and 7000 K, respectively.
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Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Bobrov P. P., Mironov V. L., Repin A. V.
Заглавие : Dielectric permittivity spectra of oil-water-saturated sandy-clayey rocks of different mineralogical compositions and relaxation properties of water in these rocks
Коллективы : RFBR [12-05-00502a, 14-05-00151a]
Место публикации : Russ. Geol. Geophys.: Elsevier Science, 2015. - Vol. 56, Is. 7. - P.1065-1073. - ISSN 1068-7971, DOI 10.1016/j.rgg.2015.06.007
Примечания : Cited References: 21. - This work was supported by RFBR (grant nos. 12-05-00502a and 14-05-00151a).
Предметные рубрики: MOIST SOILS
FREQUENCY
MODEL
TEMPERATURE
SALINITY
RANGE
GHZ
Ключевые слова (''Своб.индексиров.''): conductivity--dielectric permittivity--multifrequency dielectric relaxation--oil-bearing deposits--sandy-clayey rocks
Аннотация: Experimental measurements of the dielectric permittivity and equivalent conductivity of sandy-clayey samples (a mixture of river sand with bentonite or kaolin) saturated with salt-solution-diesel-fuel emulsions were performed in the frequency range from 10 kHz to 1 GHz at temperatures of 25-65 °C. It is shown that when the content of the salt solution in the saturating fluid does not exceed 10%, the dielectric permittivity in the frequency range from 1 MHz to 1 GHz depends little on the mineral composition of the sample and on the concentration of the saturating solution. When the portion of water is 33.3% or higher, increasing the concentration of the salt solution leads to an increase in the equivalent conductivity and the real part of the complex dielectric permittivity. Using the refractive model of the complex dielectric permittivity, we have estimated the dielectric properties of bound water, which depend on temperature and the type of clay (bentonite or kaolin) in the sand-clay mixture but are independent of the water saturation and the amount of clay in the sample.
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Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Bataleva, Yu. V., Palyanov, Yu. N., Borzdov, Yu. M., Bayukov O. A., Sobolev N. V.
Заглавие : Conditions for diamond and graphite formation from iron carbide at the P-T parameters of lithospheric mantle
Коллективы : Russian Science Foundation [14-27-00054]
Место публикации : Russ. Geol. Geophys.: Elsevier Science, 2016. - Vol. 57, Is. 1: Tectonics, geodynamics, and petrology of earth’s lithosphere and mantle (to the 80th birthday of Academician Nikolai Leontievich Dobretsov). - P.176-189. - ISSN 1068-7971, DOI 10.1016/j.rgg.2016.01.012. - ISSN 1878-030X(eISSN)
Примечания : Cited References:55. - This work was supported by the Russian Science Foundation under Grant No. 14-27-00054.
Предметные рубрики: DEEP CARBON-CYCLE
EARTHS MANTLE
MINERAL INCLUSIONS
HIGH-PRESSURE
KOKCHETAV MASSI
SUBDUCTION ZONES
REDOX BUDGET
FERRIC IRON
MOSSBAUER
METAL
Ключевые слова (''Своб.индексиров.''): iron carbide--wusite--graphite--diamond--oxides--olivine--subduction--redox interaction--lithospheric mantle--high-pressure experiment
Аннотация: To estimate conditions for the stability of iron carbide under oxidation conditions and to assess the possibility of formation of elemental carbon by interaction between iron carbide and oxides, experimental modeling of redox interaction in the systems Fe3C-Fe2O3 and Fe3C-Fe2O3-MgO-SiO2 was carried out on a split-sphere high-pressure multianvil apparatus at 6.3 GPa and 900-1600 degrees C for 18-20 h. During carbide-oxide interaction in the system Fe3C-Fe2O3, graphite crystallizes in assemblage with Fe3+-containing wusite. Graphite forms from carbide carbon mainly by cohenite oxidation: Fe3C + 3Fe(2)O(3) - 9FeO + C-0 and FeO + Fe3C - (Fe2+, Fe3+)O + C-0. At above-solidus temperatures (= 1400 degrees C), when metal-carbon melt is oxidized by wusite, graphite and diamond crystallize by the redox mechanism and form the Fe3+-containing wstite + graphite/diamond assemblage. Interaction in the system Fe3C-Fe2O3-MgO-SiO2 results in the formation of Fe3+-containing mannesiowusite-olivine-graphite assemblage. At = 1500 degrees C, two melts with contrasting f(O2) values are generated: metal-carbon and silicate-oxide; their redox interaction leads to graphite crystallization and diamond growth. Under oxidation conditions, iron carbide is unstable in the presence of iron, silicon, and magnesium oxides, even at low temperatures. Iron carbide-oxide interaction at the mantle temperatures and pressures leads to the formation of elemental carbon; graphite is produced from carbide carbon mainly by redox reactions of cohenite (or metal-carbon melt) with Fe2O3 and FeO as well as by interaction between metal-carbon and silicate-oxide melts. The results obtained suggest that cohenite can be a potential source of carbon during graphite (diamond) formation in the lithospheric mantle and the interaction of iron carbide with iron, silicon, and magnesium oxides, during which carbon is extracted can be regarded as a process of the global carbon cycle. (C) 2016, V.S. Sobolev IGM, Siberian Branch of the RAS. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Divin A., Markidis S., Lapenta G., Semenov V. S., Erkaev N. V., Biernat H. K.
Заглавие : Model of electron pressure anisotropy in the electron diffusion region of collisionless magnetic reconnection
Коллективы :
Место публикации : Phys. Plasmas: AMER INST PHYSICS, 2010. - Vol. 17, Is. 12. - Ст.122102. - ISSN 1070-664X, DOI 10.1063/1.3521576
Примечания : Cited References: 42. - The present work is supported partially by the Onderzoekfonds KU Leuven (Research Fund KU Leuven) and by the European Commission's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under grant Agreement No. 218816 (SOTERIA project, www.soteria- space.eu). Additional support is provided by RFBR (Grant No. 09-05-91000-ANF-a). V.S.S. thanks ISSI for hospitality and financial support. The simulations were conducted on the resources of the Vlaams Supercomputer Centrum (VSC) at the Katholieke Universiteit Leuven.
Предметные рубрики: CURRENT SHEETS
X-LINE
PLASMA
DISSIPATION
FIELD
SIMULATIONS
ACCELERATION
TRANSPORT
Ключевые слова (''Своб.индексиров.''): analytical results--antiparallel configuration--collisionless--electron diffusion--electron population--electron pressures--magnetic reconnections--neutral line--new model--particle-in-cell simulations--two particles--anisotropy--astrophysics--collisionless plasmas--computer simulation--diffusion--geophysics--magnetic fields--magnetic properties--plasma simulation--electrons
Аннотация: A new model of the electron pressure anisotropy in the electron diffusion region in collisionless magnetic reconnection is presented for the case of antiparallel configuration of magnetic fields. The plasma anisotropy is investigated as source of collisionless dissipation. By separating electrons in the vicinity of the neutral line into two broad classes of inflowing and accelerating populations, it is possible to derive a simple closure for the off-diagonal electron pressure component. The appearance of these two electron populations near the neutral line is responsible for the anisotropy and collisionless dissipation in the magnetic reconnection. Particle-in-cell simulations verify the proposed model, confirming first the presence of two particle populations and second the analytical results for the off-diagonal electron pressure component. Furthermore, test-particle calculations are performed to compare our approach with the model of electron pressure anisotropy in the inner electron diffusion region by Fujimoto and Sydora [Phys. Plasmas 16, 112309 (2009)]. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3521576]
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10.

Вид документа : Статья из журнала
Шифр издания :
Автор(ы) : Калинин, Юрий Дмитриевич
Заглавие : Космическая геофизика : [рецензия]
Место публикации : Геомагнетизм и аэрономия. - 1973. - Т. 13, N 6. - С. 1134. - ISSN 0016-7940
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