Главная
Авторизация
Фамилия
Пароль
 

Базы данных


Труды сотрудников ИФ СО РАН - результаты поиска

Вид поиска

Область поиска
в найденном
 Найдено в других БД:Каталог книг и брошюр библиотеки ИФ СО РАН (1)
Формат представления найденных документов:
полныйинформационныйкраткий
Отсортировать найденные документы по:
авторузаглавиюгоду изданиятипу документа
Поисковый запрос: (<.>K=cell<.>)
Общее количество найденных документов : 72
Показаны документы с 1 по 20
1.


   
    Distribution of cobalt Co2+ ions in single crystals of spinel Li0.5Ga2.5O4 / V. V. Shapovalov, V. A. Shapovalov, T. V. Drokina [et al.] // Phys. Met. Metallogr. - 2024. - Vol. 125, Is. 1. - P. 27-32, DOI 10.1134/S0031918X23602883. - Cited References: 22 . - ISSN 0031-918X. - ISSN 1555-6190
Кл.слова (ненормированные):
electron paramagnetic resonance -- spinel single crystal -- unit cell -- crystal lattice -- structurally nonequivalent positions of ions
Аннотация: The distribution of Co2+ ions over sublattices and structurally nonequivalent positions in the unit cell of the crystal lattice of a single crystal of lithium gallium spinel Li0.5Ga2.5O4 is shown. This distribution determines the properties of both mono- and nanocrystalline substances. The distribution is obtained by a special technology and is manifested in the electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectra. The distribution of Co2+ ions depends on the structural and magnetic nonequivalence. The structural and magnetic nonequivalence causes a multiminimum behavior of the crystal field potential in the unit cells of single crystals at the locations of Co2+ ions. The Co2+ ions are found in complexes with tetrahedral and octahedral oxygen ions. Three types of EPR spectra of Co2+ ions have been found and investigated. The Cotetr2+ spectrum is attributed to the Co2+ ion, which replaces the Ga3+ ion located in a tetrahedral oxygen environment. The spectrum of the Cooct2+ ion located in the crystal field with axial symmetry belongs to the Co2+ ion replacing the Li+ ion located in an octahedral oxygen environment. The spectrum of the Cooct2+ ion located in a low symmetry crystal field belongs to the Co2+ ion replacing the Ga3+ ion located in an octahedral oxygen environment. The nearest cationic environment of the ion creates rhombic distortions due to the different valence numbers of Li+ and Ga3+. The results of studying the angular dependences of the spectra show the presence of four and twelve magnetically nonequivalent positions in the unit cells.

Смотреть статью,
Читать в сети ИФ
Держатели документа:
Math for America (MfA), New York, USA
Galkin Donetsk Institute of Physics and Engineering, 283048, Donetsk, Russia
Kirenskii Institute of Physics, 660036, Krasnoyarsk, Russia

Доп.точки доступа:
Shapovalov, V. V.; Shapovalov, V. A.; Drokina, T. V.; Дрокина, Тамара Васильевна; Vorotynov, A. M.; Воротынов, Александр Михайлович; Val'kov, V. I.; Вальков, В. И.
}
Найти похожие
2.


   
    Biodegradable polyhydroxyalkanoates formed by 3- and 4-hydroxybutyrate monomers to produce nanomembranes suitable for drug delivery and cell culture / T. G. Volova, A. V. Demidenko, A. V. Murueva [et al.] // Technologies. - 2023. - Vol. 11, Is. 4. - Ст. 106, DOI 10.3390/technologies11040106. - Cited References: 116. - his research was funded by State Assignment of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation (project No. 0287-2021-0025) . - ISSN 2227-7080
Кл.слова (ненормированные):
degradable polyhydroxyalkanoates -- copolymers P(3HB-co-4HB) -- electrostatic molding -- membranes -- microstructure and properties -- drugs -- release kinetics -- antibacterial activity -- fibroblast proliferation
Аннотация: Biodegradable polyhydroxyalkanoates, biopolymers of microbiological origin, formed by 3- and 4-hydroxybutyrate monomers P(3HB-co-4HB), were used to obtain nanomembranes loaded with drugs as cell carriers by electrospinning. Resorbable non-woven membranes from P(3HB-co-4HB) loaded with ceftazidime, doripinem, and actovegin have been obtained. The loading of membranes with drugs differently affected the size of fibers and the structure of membranes, and in all cases increased the hydrophilicity of the surface. The release of drugs in vitro was gradual, which corresponded to the Higuchi and Korsmeyer-Peppas models. Antibiotic-loaded membranes showed antibacterial activity against S. aureus and E. coli, in which growth inhibition zones were 41.7 ± 1.1 and 38.6 ± 1.7 mm for ceftazidime and doripinem, respectively. The study of the biological activity of membranes in the NIH 3T3 mouse fibroblast culture based on the results of DAPI and FITC staining of cells, as well as the MTT test, did not reveal a negative effect despite the presence of antibiotics in them. Samples containing actovegin exhibit a stimulating effect on fibroblasts. Biodegradable polyhydroxyalkanoates formed by 3-hydroxybutyrate and 4-hydroxybutyrate monomers provide electrospinning non-woven membranes suitable for long-term delivery of drugs and cultivation of eukaryotic cells, and are promising for the treatment of wound defects complicated by infection.

Смотреть статью,
Scopus,
Читать в сети ИФ
Держатели документа:
Institute of Biophysics SB RAS, Federal Research Center “Krasnoyarsk Science Center SB RAS”, 50/50 Akademgorodok, 660036 Krasnoyarsk, Russia
Institute of Fundamental Biology and Biotechnology, Siberian Federal University, 79 Svobodnyi av., 660041 Krasnoyarsk, Russia
Federal Research Center “Krasnoyarsk Science Center SB RAS”, 50 Akademgorodok, 660036 Krasnoyarsk, Russia
L.V. Kirensky Institute of Physics, 50/12 Akademgorodok, 660036 Krasnoyarsk, Russia
Chemistry Engineering Centre, ITMO University, Kronverkskiy Prospekt, 49A, 197101 Saint Petersburg, Russia

Доп.точки доступа:
Volova, Tatiana G.; Demidenko, Aleksey V.; Murueva, Anastasiya V.; Dudaev, Alexey E.; Nemtsev, I. V.; Немцев, Иван Васильевич; Shishatskaya, Ekaterina I.
}
Найти похожие
3.


   
    Towards understanding the triggering of the malignant cell death in high-efficiency magneto-mechanical anticancer therapy / P. N. Semina, I. L. Isaev, S. K. Komogortsev [et al.] // J. Phys. D. - 2023. - Vol. 56, Is. 6. - Ст. 065401, DOI 10.1088/1361-6463/acb0dd. - Cited References: 146. - P N S, A S K, D E K, S P P, S V K acknowledge the support by the Ministry of Science and High Education of Russian Federation (Project No. FSRZ-2020-0008). Experimental analyses were funded by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation (Project FWES-2022-0005) – A S K, T N Z. The authors thank Dr S V Saikova for providing the TEM image in figure (b) . - ISSN 0022-3727. - ISSN 1361-6463
Кл.слова (ненормированные):
magnetic nanoparticle -- malignant cell membrane -- apoptosis -- anticancer therapy -- aptamer
Аннотация: The paper discusses schemes for the implementation of magneto-mechanical anticancer therapy and the most probable scenarios of damaging mechanical effects on the membranes of malignant cells by targeted magnetic nanoparticles selectively bound to membrane mechanoreceptors employing aptamers. The conditions for selective triggering of the malignant cell apoptosis in a low-frequency non-heating alternating magnetic field, corresponding to the exceeding threshold value of the force acting on the membrane and its mechanoreceptors, are established using a nanoparticle dynamic simulation. The requirements for the functionality of magnetic nanoparticles and their suitability for biomedical applications are analysed. Attention is paid to the possibility of the formation of magnetite nanoparticle aggregates in an external magnetic field and their localization near tumor cell membranes. It is shown that the scenario involving the process of aggregation of magnetite nanoparticles provides a sufficient magneto-mechanical impact to achieve a therapeutic effect. A possible explanation for the experimentally established fact of successful application of magneto-mechanical therapy using magnetite nanoparticles is presented, in which complete suppression of the Ehrlich carcinoma in an alternating magnetic field as a response to a magnetome-chanical stimulus was demonstrated. This result confirmed the possibility of using the method for high efficiency treatment of malignant neoplasms. The paper is provided with an extensive review of key publications and the state of art in this area.

Смотреть статью,
Scopus,
WOS,
Читать в сети ИФ
Держатели документа:
International Research Center of Spectroscopy and Quantum Chemistry—IRC SQC, Siberian Federal University, Krasnoyarsk 660041, Russia
Institute of Computational Modelling of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia
L. V. Kirensky Institute of Physics, Federal Research Center KSC the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia
Prof. V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, Krasnoyarsk 660022, Russia
Federal Research Center "Krasnoyarsk Science Center" of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia
Siberian Federal University, Krasnoyarsk 660041, Russia
Tomsk State University, Tomsk 634050, Russia
Federal Siberian Research Clinical Center, Federal Medical Biological Agency of Russian Federation, Krasnoyarsk 660037, Russia

Доп.точки доступа:
Semina, P. N.; Семина, Полина Николаевна; Isaev, I. L.; Исаев, Иван Леонидович; Komogortsev, S. V.; Комогорцев, Сергей Викторович; Klyuchantsev, A. B.; Ключанцев, А. Б.; Kostyukov, A. S.; Blagodatova, A. V.; Khrennikov, D. E.; Kichkailo, A. S.; Кичкайло, Анна Сергеевна; Zamay, T. N.; Замай, Т. Н.; Lapin, I. N.; Sokolov, A. Е.; Соколов, Алексей Эдуардович; Polyutov, S. P.; Полютов, Сергей Петрович; Karpov, S. V.; Карпов, Сергей Васильевич
}
Найти похожие
4.


   
    Core–shell Fe3O4@C nanoparticles for the organic dye adsorption and targeted magneto-mechanical destruction of Ehrlich ascites carcinoma cells / O. S. Ivanova, I. S. Edelman, Ch.-R. Lin [et al.] // Materials. - 2023. - Vol. 16, Is. 1. - Ст. 23, DOI 10.3390/ma16010023. - Cited References: 65. - This research was funded partly by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation, project FWES-2021-0035. C.-R.L., Y.-Z.C. and A.A.S. thank the National Science and Technology Council of Taiwan for the financial support, Grants NSTC № 108-2923-M-153-001-MY3 and № 110-2112-M-153-005-. Magnetic investigations were carried out in the Center for Collective Use of the Krasnoyarsk Regional Center of Research Equipment of Federal Research Center “Krasnoyarsk Science Center SB RAS” . - ISSN 1996-1944
Кл.слова (ненормированные):
magnetite nanoparticles -- adsorption -- organic dyes -- aptamers -- magnetically induced cell destruction
Аннотация: The morphology, structure, and magnetic properties of Fe3O4 and Fe3O4@C nanoparticles, as well their effectiveness for organic dye adsorption and targeted destruction of carcinoma cells, were studied. The nanoparticles exhibited a high magnetic saturation value (79.4 and 63.8 emu/g, correspondingly) to facilitate magnetic separation. It has been shown that surface properties play a key role in the adsorption process. Both types of organic dyes—cationic (Rhodomine C) and anionic (Congo Red and Eosine)—were well adsorbed by the Fe3O4 nanoparticles’ surface, and the adsorption process was described by the polymolecular adsorption model with a maximum adsorption capacity of 58, 22, and 14 mg/g for Congo Red, Eosine, and Rhodomine C, correspondingly. In this case, the kinetic data were described well by the pseudo-first-order model. Carbon-coated particles selectively adsorbed only cationic dyes, and the adsorption process for Methylene Blue was described by the Freundlich model, with a maximum adsorption capacity of 14 mg/g. For the case of Rhodomine C, the adsorption isotherm has a polymolecular character with a maximum adsorption capacity of 34 mg/g. To realize the targeted destruction of the carcinoma cells, the Fe3O4@C nanoparticles were functionalized with aptamers, and an experiment on the Ehrlich ascetic carcinoma cells’ destruction was carried out successively using a low-frequency alternating magnetic field. The number of cells destroyed as a result of their interaction with Fe3O4@C nanoparticles in an alternating magnetic field was 27%, compared with the number of naturally dead control cells of 6%.

Смотреть статью,
WOS,
Читать в сети ИФ
Держатели документа:
Kirensky Institute of Physics, Federal Research Center KSC Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia
Institute of Engineering Physics and Radioelectronics, Siberian Federal University, Krasnoyarsk 660041, Russia
Department of Applied Physics, National Pingtung University, Pingtung City 90003, Taiwan
Laboratory of Biomolecular and Medical Technologies, Krasnoyarsk State Medical University Named after Prof. V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky, Krasnoyarsk 660022, Russia
Laboratory for Digital Controlled Drugs and Theranostics, Federal Research Center KSC Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia

Доп.точки доступа:
Ivanova, O. S.; Иванова, Оксана Станиславовна; Edelman, I. S.; Эдельман, Ирина Самсоновна; Lin, Chun-Rong; Svetlitsky, E. S.; Светлицкий, Евгений Сергеевич; Sokolov, A. Е.; Соколов, Алексей Эдуардович; Lukyanenko, Kirill A.; Sukhachev, A. L.; Сухачев, Александр Леонидович; Shestakov, N. P.; Шестаков, Николай Петрович; Chen, Ying-Zhen; Spivakov, Aleksandr A.
}
Найти похожие
5.
Описание изобретения к патенту 2797721

   
    Измерительная ячейка широкополосного спектрометра ферромагнитного резонанса / А. В. Бурмитских, И. В. Подшивалов, Н. М. Боев [и др.]. - № 2022132124 ; Заявл. 08.12.2022 ; Опубл. 08.06.2023 // Изобретения. Полезные модели : офиц. бюл. Фед. службы по интеллектуал. собственности (Роспатент). - 2023. - № 16
   Перевод заглавия: Measuring cell of a broadband ferromagnetic resonance spectrometer
Аннотация: Изобретение относится к измерительной технике и предназначено для неразрушающего контроля качества магнитных пленок и изученияих высокочастотных характеристик путемрегистрации спектров ферромагнитного резонанса тонкопленочных образцов в широкой полосе частот. Технический результат - повышение верхней рабочей частоты ячейки и упрощение процедуры смены исследуемого образца. Измерительная ячейка широкополосного спектрометра ферромагнитного резонанса содержит короткозамкнутую несимметричную полосковую линию, размещенную в электромагнитном экране, и СВЧ-разъем, расположенный перпендикулярно полосковой линии. Электромагнитным экраном является замкнутый металлический корпус ячейки, с верхней стороны которого расположен СВЧразъем, а в нижней части боковой стороны имеется отверстие для установки исследуемого образца тонкой магнитной пленки в зазор между отрезком несимметричной полосковой линии и экраном, причем размеры отверстия больше габаритных размеров исследуемого образца. 5 ил.

Смотреть патент,
Читать в сети ИФ
Держатели документа:
Институт физики им. Л. В. Киренского СО РАН

Доп.точки доступа:
Бурмитских, Антон Владимирович; Burmitskikh, A. V.; Подшивалов, Иван Валерьевич; Podshivalov, I. V.; Боев, Никита Михайлович; Boev, N. M.; Горчаковский, Александр Антонович; Клешнина, Софья Андреевна; Kleshnina, S. A.; Крёков, Сергей Дмитриевич; Соловьев, Платон Николаевич; Solovev, P. N.; Изотов, Андрей Викторович; Izotov, A. V.; Негодеева, Ирина Александровна; Скоморохов, Георгий Витальевич; Skomorokhov, G. V.; Федеральный исследовательский центр "Красноярский научный центр Сибирского отделения Российской академии наук"; Федеральная служба по интеллектуальной собственности (Роспатент); Федеральный институт промышленной собственности
}
Найти похожие
6.


   
    Aptamer modified Au/Ni/Au nanodiscs for magnetomechanical cell surgery / A. Е. Sokolov, A. V. Lukyanenko, V. N. Zabluda [et al.] // V International Baltic Conference on Magnetism. IBCM : Book of abstracts. - 2023. - P. 12. - Cited References: 3

Материалы конференции,
Читать в сети ИФ
Держатели документа:
Kirensky Institute of Physics, Federal Research Center KSC SB RAS
Krasnoyarsk State Medical University
Federal Research Center KSC SB RAS

Доп.точки доступа:
Sokolov, A. Е.; Соколов, Алексей Эдуардович; Lukyanenko, A. V.; Лукьяненко, Анна Витальевна; Zabluda, V. N.; Заблуда, Владимир Николаевич; Borus, A. A.; Борус, Андрей Андреевич; Zamay, G. S.; Замай, Галина Сергеевна; Zamay, T. N.; Luzan, N.; Zamay, S. S.; International Baltic Conference on Magnetism(5 ; 2023 ; Aug. 20-24 ; Svetlogorsk, Russia); Балтийский федеральный университет им. И. Канта
}
Найти похожие
7.


   
    Complete light polarization control using a chiral-nematic cell with tangential-conical boundary conditions / A. S. Abdullaev, D. A. Kostikov, M. N. Krakhalev, V. Y. Zyryanov // Opt. Mater. - 2023. - Vol. 146. - Ст. 114521, DOI 10.1016/j.optmat.2023.114521. - Cited References: 20 . - ISSN 0925-3467. - ISSN 1873-1252
Кл.слова (ненормированные):
Light polarization -- Chiral nematic -- Conical anchoring -- Orientational structure -- Photosensitive dopant -- Electric field
Аннотация: Light polarization control by the chiral-nematic cell with hybrid tangential-conical boundary conditions has been studied by means of photo- and electrically induced transformations of the orientational structure. The polarization azimuth changes due to the power ratio of ultraviolet and blue radiations, at which the director twist angle in the chiral nematic varies smoothly. The light polarization ellipticity is controlled by an electric field applied perpendicular to the liquid crystal cell changing the effective anisotropy of the refractive index. The optical material under study is promising to develop the devices for the light polarization converter over the entire visible range, as well as for photo-controlled rotators of linear polarization of white light.

Смотреть статью,
Scopus,
WOS,
Читать в сети ИФ
Держатели документа:
Kirensky Institute of Physics, Federal Research Center KSC SB RAS, 50/38 Akademgorodok, Krasnoyarsk region, Krasnoyarsk, 660036, Russian Federation
Institute of Engineering Physics and Radio Electronics, Siberian Federal University, 79 Svobodny Pr., Krasnoyarsk region, Krasnoyarsk, 660041, Russian Federation

Доп.точки доступа:
Abdullaev, A. S.; Абдуллаев, Абылгазы Сабиралиевич; Kostikov, D. A.; Костиков, Денис Андреевич; Krakhalev, M. N.; Крахалев, Михаил Николаевич; Zyryanov, V. Ya.; Зырянов, Виктор Яковлевич
}
Найти похожие
8.


   
    Crystal structure of bis­muth-containing NdFe3(BO3)4 in the temperature range 20–500 K / E. S. Smirnova, O. A. Alekseeva, A. P. Dudka [et al.] // Acta Crystallogr. B. - 2022. - Vol. 78, Pt. 1. - P. 1-13, DOI 10.1107/S205252062101180X. - Cited References: 44. - This work was performed using the equipment of the Shared Research Center FSRC `Crystallography and Photonics' RAS supported by the Russian Ministry of Science and Higher Education. This work was supported by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education within the State assignment FSRC `Crystallography and Photonics' RAS . - ISSN 2052-5206
РУБ Chemistry, Multidisciplinary + Crystallography
Рубрики:
MAGNETIC PHASE-TRANSITIONS
   UNIT-CELL PARAMETERS

   DIFFRACTION

Кл.слова (ненормированные):
neodymium iron borate -- multiferroic -- crystal structure -- multi-temperature -- single-crystal X-ray diffraction -- Mossbauer spectroscopy -- characteristic temperature
Аннотация: Neodymium iron bor­ate NdFe3(BO3)4 is an intensively studied multiferroic with high electric polarization values controlled by a magnetic field. It is char­ac­ter­ized by a large quadratic magnetoelectric effect, rigidity in the base plane and a rather strong piezoelectric effect. In this work, the atomic structure of (Nd0.91Bi0.09)Fe3(BO3)4 was studied by single-crystal X-ray diffraction in the tem­per­ature range 20–500 K (space group R32, Z = 3). The Bi atoms found in the com­position partially substitute the Nd atoms in the 3a position; they entered the structure due to the growth conditions in the presence of Bi2Mo3O12. It was shown that in the tem­per­ature range 20–500 K there is no structural phase transition R32→P3121, which occurs in rare-earth iron bor­ates (RE = Eu–Er, Y) with an effective rare-earth cation radius smaller than that of Nd. The tem­per­ature dependence of the unit-cell c parameter reveals a slight increase on cooling below 90 K, which is similar to the results obtained previously for iron bor­ates of Gd, Y and Ho. The atomic distances (Nd,Bi)—O, (Nd,Bi)—B, (Nd,Bi)—Fe, Fe—O, Fe—B and Fe—Fe in the iron chains and between chains decrease steadily with decreasing tem­per­ature from 500 to 90 K, whereas the B1(3b)—O distance does not change and the average B2(9e)—O distance increases slightly. There is a uniform decrease in the atomic displacement parameters with decreasing tem­per­ature, with a more pronounced decrease for the Nd(3a) and O2(9e) atoms. The O2(9e) atoms are characterized by the maximum atomic displacement parameters and the most elongated atomic displacement ellipsoids. The characteristic Debye and Einstein tem­per­atures, and the static com­ponent in the atomic displacements were determined for cations using multi-tem­per­ature diffraction data. It was shown that the Nd cations have the weakest bonds with the surrounding atoms and the B cations have the strongest.

Смотреть статью,
Scopus,
WOS
Держатели документа:
Russian Acad Sci, Fed Sci Res Ctr Crystallog & Photon, Shubnikov Inst Crystallog, Moscow 119333, Russia.
Fed Res Ctr KSC SB RAS, Kirensky Inst Phys, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia.

Доп.точки доступа:
Smirnova, E. S.; Alekseeva, O. A.; Dudka, A. P.; Verin, I. A.; Artemov, V. V.; Lyubutina, M. V.; Gudim, I. A.; Гудим, Ирина Анатольевна; Frolov, K. V.; Lyubutin, I. S.; Russian Ministry of Science and Higher Education; Ministry of Science and Higher Education within the State assignment FSRC 'Crystallography and Photonics' RAS
}
Найти похожие
9.


   
    Многоминимумность потенциала кристаллического поля в координационных материалах / В. В. Шаповалов, В. А. Шаповалов, В. И. Вальков [и др.] // Физ. техн. выс. давл. - 2022. - Т. 32, № 2. - С. 52-66. - Библиогр.: 30 . - ISSN 0868-5924
   Перевод заглавия: Multi-minimum potential of crystal field in coordination materials
Кл.слова (ненормированные):
электронный парамагнитный резонанс -- монокристалл шпинели -- элементарная ячейка кристаллической решетки -- структурно-неэквивалентные положения ионов -- electron paramagnetic resonance -- single-crystal spinel -- lattice unit cell -- structurally non-equivalent positions of ions
Аннотация: Форма многоминимумного потенциала электрического кристаллического поля в нанокомплексе с магнитным ионом формируется ближайшим окружением иона и имеет несколько эквивалентных минимумов, которые соответствуют кристаллографическим осям комплекса. Для описания спектров электронного парамагнитного резонанса (ЭПР) магнитных ионов используется модель кристаллического поля и формализм спинового гамильтониана. Метод спинового гамильтониана позволяет описать спектр электронного парамагнитного резонанса. Задача теории - получение констант на основе определенной модели кристалла. Задача эксперимента - определение этих констант из вида спектра.
The form of a multi-minimum potential of the electrical crystal field in a nanocomplex with a magnetic ion is formed by the nearest environment of the ion and characterized by several equivalent minima that are associated with crystallographic axes of the complex. To describe the spectra of electron paramagnetic resonance of magnetic ions (EPR), the model of crystal and the formalism of spin Hamiltonian is used. The method of spin Hamiltonian allows description of the spectrum of electron paramagnetic resonance. The theory is aimed to calculation of the constants within the frameworks of the determined model of the crystal. The experiment goal is evaluation of these constants on the basis of the spectrum shape.

Смотреть статью,
РИНЦ,
Читать в сети ИФ
Держатели документа:
Организация «Математика для Америки», Нью Йорк, США
Донецкий физико-технический институт им. А.А. Галкина, Донецк, Украина
Институт физики им. Л.В. Киренского РАН, Красноярск, Россия
Институт радиотехники и электроники им. В.А. Котельникова РАН, Москва, Россия

Доп.точки доступа:
Шаповалов, В. В.; Шаповалов, В. А.; Вальков, В. И.; Службин, Ю. А.; Дрокина, Тамара Васильевна; Drokina, T. V.; Воротынов, Александр Михайлович; Vorotynov, A. M.; Шавров, В. Г.
}
Найти похожие
10.


   
    Ghost image restoring using random speckles created by a liquid crystal cell / N. N. Davletshin, D. A. Ikonnikov, V. S. Sutormin [et al.] // Opt. Lett. - 2022. - Vol. 47, Is. 1. - P. 9-12, DOI 10.1364/OL.445684. - Cited References: 25 . - ISSN 0146-9592. - ISSN 1539-4794
РУБ Optics

Аннотация: A liquid crystal cell is used to produce correlated light beams with speckle structures for implementation of pseudo-thermal ghost imaging. The liquid crystal cell makes it possible to provide random spatial intensity distributions, which are characterized by a low coefficient of mutual cross correlations. Ghost imaging of an object representing an amplitude mask is demonstrated. The quality of the reconstructed images was estimated by the method of structural similarity.

Смотреть статью,
Scopus,
WOS,
Читать в сети ИФ
Держатели документа:
Fed Res Ctr KSC SB RAS, Kirensky Inst Phys, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia.
Siberian Fed Univ, Inst Engn Phys & Radio Elect, Krasnoyarsk 660041, Russia.
Fed Res Ctr KSC SB RAS, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia.

Доп.точки доступа:
Davletshin, N. N.; Давлетшин, Николай Николаевич; Ikonnikov, Denis A.; Иконников, Денис Андреевич; Sutormin, V. S.; Сутормин, Виталий Сергеевич; Shestakov, N. P.; Шестаков, Николай Петрович; Baron, F. A.; Барон, Филипп Алексеевич; Vyunishev, A. M.; Вьюнышев, Андрей Михайлович
}
Найти похожие
11.


   
    Part II. Nanobubbles around plasmonic nanoparticles in terms of modern simulation modeling: what makes them kill the malignant cells? / A. S. Kostyukov, I. L. Isaev, A. E. Ershov [et al.] // J. Phys. D. - 2022. - Vol. 55, Is. 17. - Ст. 175402, DOI 10.1088/1361-6463/ac4c1f. - Cited References: 49. - The research was supported by the Ministry of Science and High Education of Russian Federation (Project No. FSRZ-2020-0008), and was funded by RFBR, Krasnoyarsk Territory and Krasnoyarsk Regional Fund of Science, Project No. 20-42-240003 . - ISSN 0022-3727. - ISSN 1361-6463
   Перевод заглавия: Часть II. Нанопузырьки вокруг плазмонных наночастиц с точки зрения современного имитационного моделирования: что заставляет их убивать злокачественные клетки?
РУБ Physics, Applied
Рубрики:
STRESS WAVES
   LASER

   MEMBRANE

   DAMAGE

   DEATH

   LYSIS

Кл.слова (ненормированные):
photothermal effect -- plasmonic nanoparticle -- malignant cell membrane -- pulsed laser radiation -- finite elements analysis -- anticancer therapy -- aptamer
Аннотация: We have established numerically the physical pattern and conditions for formation of nanosized bubbles in aqueous medium around biocompatible plasmonic nanoparticles (NPs) selectively bound to the membrane of the malignant cells by means of DNA-aptamers under the action of picosecond laser radiation. The results obtained are based on the finite volume method and hydrodynamic models underlying the ANSYS Fluent package with extended capabilities. We have found the main features and previously unknown dominant factors of the damage effect on the cell membrane at the moment of the bubble nucleation around the plasmonic NPs of different types taking into account the influence of the closely located membrane. Information on the kinetics of spatial distribution of pressure, temperature and the relative proportion of vapor in the 'nanoparticle-membrane-medium' system have been obtained. The attention is drawn to the advantages of using biocompatible, perfectly absorbing core–shell plasmonic NPs for anti-tumor therapy characterized by an increased mechanical effect on malignant cell membranes at lower laser radiation intensity and the spectral position of their plasmon resonance (λ = 700 nm) in the hemoglobin transparency range. This ensures penetration of laser radiation deep into tissues. The paper is provided with an extensive review of key publications and the state-of-art in this area.

Смотреть статью,
Scopus,
WOS
Держатели документа:
Siberian Fed Univ, Int Res Ctr Spect & Quantum Chem IRC SQC, Krasnoyarsk 660041, Russia.
Russian Acad Sci, Inst Computat Modelling, Siberian Branch, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia.
Fed Med Biol Agcy Russian Federat, Fed Siberian Res Clin Ctr, Krasnoyarsk 660037, Russia.
Russian Acad Sci, LV Kirensky Inst Phys, Fed Res Ctr KSC, Siberian Branch, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia.

Доп.точки доступа:
Kostyukov, A. S.; Isaev, I. L.; Ershov, A. E.; Gerasimov, V. S.; Polyutov, S. P.; Karpov, S. V.; Карпов, Сергей Васильевич; Ministry of Science and High Education of Russian Federation [FSRZ-2020-0008]; RFBRRussian Foundation for Basic Research (RFBR); Krasnoyarsk Territory and Krasnoyarsk Regional Fund of Science [20-42-240003]
}
Найти похожие
12.


   
    Part I. Nanobubbles in pulsed laser fields for anticancer therapy: in search of adequate models and simulation approaches / A. S. Kostyukov, I. L. Isaev, A. E. Ershov [et al.] // J. Phys. D. - 2022. - Vol. 55, Is. 17. - Ст. 175401, DOI 10.1088/1361-6463/ac4c20. - Cited References: 99. - The research was supported by the Ministry of Science and High Education of Russian Federation (Project No. FSRZ-2020-0008), and was funded by RFBR, Krasnoyarsk Territory and Krasnoyarsk Regional Fund of Science, Project Number 20-42-240003 . - ISSN 0022-3727. - ISSN 1361-6463
   Перевод заглавия: Часть I. Нанопузырьки в импульсных лазерных полях для противораковой терапии: в поисках адекватных моделей и вычислительных подходов
РУБ Physics, Applied
Рубрики:
INDUCED CELL-LYSIS
   GOLD NANOPARTICLES

   SELECTIVE NANOPHOTOTHERMOLYSIS

Кл.слова (ненормированные):
photothermal effect -- plasmonic nanoparticle -- malignant cell membrane -- pulsed laser radiation -- finite element analysis -- anticancer therapy
Аннотация: We numerically investigate the conditions for the laser-induced formation of nanobubbles in aqueous medium around plasmonic nanoparticles (NPs) bound to the malignant cell membranes that is considered as the method of their irreversible damage. We proposed employing the versatile and accessible simulation software as a research tool based on the finite volume method underlying the ANSYS Fluent package and supplemented with our user-defined functions that adapt it to solution of the stated problems. This adaptation allows to verify the model using experimental data for the same conditions. We determined the conditions for the pressure growth on the cell membrane at the initial moment of bubble formation significantly exceeding the threshold of irreversible damage. The model can be used for investigation of hydrodynamic effects accompanying irradiation of plasmonic NPs using both different types of pulsed lasers and ideally absorbing NPs with resonance in the hemoglobin spectral transparency range, as well as to uncover previously unknown effects. They include the conditions for localization of a damaging factor non-affecting the normal cells, the conditions for generation of ultrahigh pressure pulse that enables to damage the cell membrane and precedes formation of thin vapor shell around NPs, which, unlike large bubbles, requires registration using highly sensitive experimental measurements. An extensive overview of key publications summarizing the state-of-art in this area is presented.

Смотреть статью,
Scopus,
WOS
Держатели документа:
Siberian Fed Univ, Int Res Ctr Spect & Quantum Chem IRC SQC, Krasnoyarsk 660041, Russia.
Russian Acad Sci, Siberian Branch, Inst Computat Modelling, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia.
Fed Med Biol Agcy Russian Federat, Fed Siberian Res Clin Ctr, Krasnoyarsk 660037, Russia.
Russian Acad Sci, Siberian Branch, Fed Res Ctr KSC, LV Kirensky Inst Phys, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia.

Доп.точки доступа:
Kostyukov, A. S.; Isaev, I. L.; Ershov, A. E.; Gerasimov, V. S.; Polyutov, S. P.; Karpov, S. V.; Карпов, Сергей Васильевич; Ministry of Science and High Education of Russian Federation [FSRZ-2020-0008]; RFBRRussian Foundation for Basic Research (RFBR); Krasnoyarsk Territory and Krasnoyarsk Regional Fund of Science [20-42-240003]
}
Найти похожие
13.


   
    Формирование спекл-структур для метода фантомных изображений с помощью нематической жидкокристаллической ячейки / Н. Н. Давлетшин, Д. А. Иконников, В. С. Сутормин [и др.] // XI Международная конференция по фотонике и информационной оптике : сборник научных трудов. - Москва, 2022. - С. 193-194. - Библиогр.: . - ISBN 978-5-7262-2842-6
   Перевод заглавия: Formation of speckle structures for ghost imaging by using a nematic liquid crystal cell
Аннотация: Рассматривается возможность использования нематической жидкокристаллической (НЖК) ячейки для создания случайных пространственных распределений интенсивности. Продемонстрировано прикладное значение НЖК-ячейки в методе классических фантомных изображений. Проанализировано качество полученного фантомного изображения методом структурного подобия.
The possibility of using a nematic liquid crystal (NLC) cell to produce random spatial intensity distributions is considered. Applicability of NLC cell in the classical ghost imaging is demonstrated. The quality of restored images has been analyzed by the method of structural similarity.

РИНЦ,
Материалы конференции
Держатели документа:
Институт физики им. Л.В. Киренского СО РАН
Сибирский федеральный университет

Доп.точки доступа:
Давлетшин, Николай Николаевич; Иконников, Денис Андреевич; Ikonnikov, D. A.; Сутормин, Виталий Сергеевич; Sutormin, V. S.; Барон, Филипп Алексеевич; Baron, F. A.; Вьюнышев, Андрей Михайлович; Vyunishev, A. M.; Международная конференция по фотонике и информационной оптике(11 ; 2022 ; 26-28 янв. ; Москва); Российская академия наук; Национальный исследовательский ядерный университет "МИФИ"
}
Найти похожие
14.


   
    Feature of the endohedral metallofullerene Y@C82 and Gd@C82 polymerization under high pressure / V. V. Zhukov, S. V. Erohin, V. D. Churkin [et al.] // J. Phys. Chem. C. - 2022. - Vol. 126, Is. 40. - P. 17366-17373, DOI 10.1021/acs.jpcc.2c05139. - Cited References: 35. - The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support of the RFBR (project identifier: 18-29-19080). V.D.C. acknowledges the support of the RFBR (project identifier: 20-32-90038). M.Y.P. acknowledges the support of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation in the framework of the State Task (project code 0718-2020-0037) for Raman study, interpretation, and discussion of obtained results and Russian Science Foundation (project #20-12-00097) for investigation of fullerite mechanical properties. V.V.Z., S.V.E., and P.B.S. acknowledge the support of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation in the framework of the strategic academic leadership program “Priority 2030” (no. K6-2022-041). The calculations were performed at the supercomputer cluster provided by the Materials Modeling and Development Laboratory at NUST “MISIS” and the Joint Supercomputer Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences. The authors thank the staff of the Information Technology Department of the Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology and express their gratitude to the Data Center Group for their help in performing calculations . - ISSN 1932-7447
Кл.слова (ненормированные):
Fullerenes -- Diamond anvil cell technique -- Endohedral metallofullerenes -- Experimental approaches -- Fullerene cages -- Gadolinia -- High bulk modulus -- High pressure -- Low pressures -- Polymerized material -- Theoretical approach -- Polymerization
Аннотация: In the present work, the polymerization of endohedral metallofullerenes (EMFs) with gadolinium (Gd@C82) and yttrium atoms (Y@C82) at high pressures achieved using the shear diamond anvil cell technique is studied using both theoretical and experimental approaches. It is found that in contrast to pure fullerenes, EMF polymerization starts at lower pressures with similar behavior for both metals inside the fullerene cage. EMF polymerization occurs smoothly and finally leads to a significant increase in the number of interfullerene bonds at pressures higher than ∼20 GPa. Finally, a high bulk modulus of both EMF-polymerized materials is obtained using Raman spectra.

Смотреть статью,
Scopus
Держатели документа:
Technological Institute for Superhard and Novel Carbon Materials, Troitsk, Moscow, 108840, Russian Federation
National University of Science and Technology MISiS, Moscow, 119049, Russian Federation
Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudniy, Moscow, 141701, Russian Federation
Institute of Engineering Physics and Radio Electronics, Siberian Federal University, Krasnoyarsk, 660041, Russian Federation
Kirensky Institute of Physics, Federal Research Center KSC, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Krasnoyarsk, 660036, Russian Federation
Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119334, Russian Federation
Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, The Siberian Branch of the RAS, Federal Research Center KSC Siberian Branch Russian Academy of Sciences, Krasnoyarsk, 660036, Russian Federation

Доп.точки доступа:
Zhukov, V. V.; Erohin, S. V.; Churkin, V. D.; Vnukova, N. G.; Внукова, Наталья Григорьевна; Antipina, L. Y.; Elesina, V. I.; Елесина, Виктория Игоревна; Visotin, M. A.; Высотин, Максим Александрович; Tomashevich, Y. V.; Popov, M. Y.; Churilov, G. N.; Чурилов, Григорий Николаевич; Sorokin, P. B.; Fedorov, A. S.; Федоров, Александр Семенович
}
Найти похожие
15.


   
    Nanoparticle shape optimization for Tamm-plasmon-polariton-based organic solar cells in the visible spectral range / R. G. Bikbaev, S. Y. Vetrov, I. V. Timofeev, V. F. Shabanov // Photonics. - 2022. - Vol. 9, Is. 11. - Ст. 786, DOI 10.3390/photonics9110786. - Cited References: 28. - The reported study was funded by a grant of the President of the Russian Federation №MK-46.2021.1.2 . - ISSN 2304-6732
Кл.слова (ненормированные):
photonic crystal -- Tamm plasmon polariton -- organic solar cell
Аннотация: The effect of the shape of the nanoparticles and the polarization of incident light on the surface current density and the efficiency of an organic solar cell based on the Tamm plasmon polariton is investigated. In the cases of both elongated and flattened nanoparticles, it is shown that the efficiency of such a solar cell is increased when the electric field vector is parallel to the largest axis of the spheroid.

Смотреть статью,
Scopus,
Читать в сети ИФ
Держатели документа:
Kirensky Institute of Physics, Federal Research Center KSC SB RAS, Krasnoyarsk, 660036, Russian Federation
Siberian Federal University, Krasnoyarsk, 660041, Russian Federation

Доп.точки доступа:
Bikbaev, R. G.; Бикбаев, Рашид Гельмединович; Vetrov, S. Y.; Timofeev, I. V.; Тимофеев, Иван Владимирович; Shabanov, V. F.; Шабанов, Василий Филиппович
}
Найти похожие
16.


   
    Aminated magnetic nanoparticles functionalized with antibodies for cell separation / A. V. Tyumentseva, R. N. Yaroslavtsev, S. V. Stolyar [et al.] // VIII Euro-Asian symposium "Trends in magnetism" (EASTMAG-2022) : Book of abstracts / program com. S. G. Ovchinnikov [et al.]. - 2022. - Vol. 2, Sect. M : Magnetism in biology and medicine. - Ст. M.P10. - P. 442-443. - Cited References: 2. - The study was supported by the Russian Science Foundation and the Krasnoyarsk Region Science and Technology Support Fund, grant No. 22-14-20020 . - ISBN 978-5-94469-051-7

Материалы симпозиума,
Читать в сети ИФ
Держатели документа:
Kirensky Institute of Physics, Federal Research Center KSC SB RAS, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
Krasnoyarsk Scientifi­c Center, FRC KSC SB RAS Krasnoyarsk, Russia

Доп.точки доступа:
Tyumentseva, A. V.; Yaroslavtsev, R. N.; Ярославцев, Роман Николаевич; Stolyar, S. V.; Столяр, Сергей Викторович; Komogortsev, S. V.; Комогорцев, Сергей Викторович; Velikanov, D. A.; Великанов, Дмитрий Анатольевич; Gerasimova, Yu. V.; Герасимова, Юлия Валентиновна; Knyazev, Yu. V.; Князев, Юрий Владимирович; Российская академия наук; Физико-технический институт им. Е.К. Завойского ФИЦ Казанского научного центра РАН; Казанский (Приволжский) федеральный университет; Euro-Asian Symposium "Trends in MAGnetism"(8 ; 2022 ; Aug. ; 22-26 ; Kazan); "Trends in MAGnetism", Euro-Asian Symposium(8 ; 2022 ; Aug. ; 22-26 ; Kazan)
}
Найти похожие
17.


   
    Плазмонные массивы для увеличения поглощения солнечного элемента на основе таммовского плазмон-поляритона / Р. Г. Бикбаев, Д. А. Пыхтин, С. Я. Ветров, И. В. Тимофеев // XI Международная конференция по фотонике и информационной оптике : сборник научных трудов. - Москва, 2022. - С. 145-146. - Библиогр.: . - ISBN 978-5-7262-2842-6
   Перевод заглавия: Plasmonics arrays to improve the absorption of the tamm plasmon polariton based solar cell
Аннотация: В работе исследовано влияние формы плазмонной решѐтки на поглощающую способность активного слоя в органическом солнечном элементе на основе таммовского плазмон-поляритона. Расчѐты выполнены в рамках теории связанных мод и подтверждены методом трансфер-матрицы. Показано, что наибольшее поглощение в активном слое достигается в случае гексагональной решѐтки.
The influence of the plasmonic array type on the absorptivity of the active layer in a Tamm plasmon polariton based organic solar cell has been investigated in the framework of the temporal coupled mode theory and confirmed by the transfer matrix method. It has been shown that optimal absorption in the active layer is achieved in the case of hexagonal array.

РИНЦ,
Материалы конференции
Держатели документа:
Институт физики им. Л.В. Киренского СО РАН
Сибирский федеральный университет

Доп.точки доступа:
Бикбаев, Рашид Гельмединович; Bikbaev, R. G.; Пыхтин, Д. А.; Ветров, Степан Яковлевич; Vetrov, S. Ya.; Тимофеев, Иван Владимирович; Timofeev, I. V.; Международная конференция по фотонике и информационной оптике(11 ; 2022 ; 26-28 янв. ; Москва); Российская академия наук; Национальный исследовательский ядерный университет "МИФИ"
}
Найти похожие
18.


    Parshin, A. M.
    Self-organized ensembles of nematic domains in magnetic and electric fields / A. M. Parshin, V. Y. Zyryanov, V. F. Shabanov // Phys. Rev. E. - 2022. - Vol. 106, Is. 2. - Ст. 024703, DOI 10.1103/PhysRevE.106.024703. - Cited References: 33 . - ISSN 2470-0045
Кл.слова (ненормированные):
Cell membranes -- Electric fields -- Free energy -- Nematic liquid crystals -- Optical properties -- Electrooptical properties -- Glass plate -- Liquid-crystals -- Magnetic and electric fields -- Magnetic-field -- Magneto-optical -- Nematics -- Polycarbonate films -- Residual solvents -- Self-organised
Аннотация: The structural and magneto- and electro-optical properties of a self-organized ensemble of nematic domains formed on a polycarbonate film in the presence of a residual solvent are studied. The film covered one of the plane-parallel glass plates of a liquid crystal cell. The magnetic field stabilizing the planar alignment of the liquid crystal was applied parallel to the cell surfaces and the reorienting electric field, perpendicular to them. The voltage dependences of the intensity of light transmitted through the domain ensemble were obtained at different constant values of the magnetic field. The comparison of the experimental dependences with the dependences calculated using the liquid crystal free-energy minimization procedure has shown good agreement between them. The mutual effect of structural elements of the ensemble and the effects of phase modulation of light are analyzed by comparing the structural, magnetic, and electric coherence lengths.

Смотреть статью,
Scopus
Держатели документа:
Kirensky Institute of Physics, Federal Research Center, Krasnoyarsk Scientific Center, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Krasnoyarsk, 660036, Russian Federation
Siberian Federal University, Krasnoyarsk, 660041, Russian Federation

Доп.точки доступа:
Zyryanov, V. Ya.; Зырянов, Виктор Яковлевич; Shabanov, V. F.; Шабанов, Василий Филиппович; Паршин, Александр Михайлович
}
Найти похожие
19.


   
    Восстановление фантомных изображений с использованием ЖК ячейки в качестве генератора спекл-структур / А. М. Вьюнышев, Н. Н. Давлетшин, Д. А. Иконников [и др.] // Mеждународная конференция "Цифровая сингулярная оптика" (DSO2021). - 2021. - Секция: Голография, когерентная оптика и фотоника. - Библиогр.: 3
   Перевод заглавия: Restoration of phantom images using LC cell as a speckle generator

Материалы конференции,
Читать в сети ИФ
Держатели документа:
Институт физики им. Л.В. Киренского СО РАН

Доп.точки доступа:
Вьюнышев, Андрей Михайлович; Vyunishev, A. M.; Давлетшин, Николай Николаевич; Davletshin, N. N.; Иконников, Денис Андреевич; Ikonnikov, D. A.; Барон, Филипп Алексеевич; Baron, F. A.; Sutormin, V. S.; Сутормин, Виталий Сергеевич; "Цифровая сингулярная оптика", международная конференция(2021 : 6-10 сент. ; Ялта (on-line)); Крымский федеральный университет имени В.И. Вернадского; Самарский национальный исследовательский университет им. акад. С.П. Королева
}
Найти похожие
20.


   
    Method of anisotropic metasurface unit cell surface impedance calculation / K. V. Lemberg, A. N. Kosmynin, A. M. Aleksandrin [et al.] // Conference Proceedings - 2021 Radiation and Scattering of Electromagnetic Waves, RSEMW 2021 : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, 2021. - P. 273-275, DOI 10.1109/RSEMW52378.2021.9494126. - Cited References: 8. - The research was funded by RFBR, Krasnoyarsk Territory and Krasnoyarsk Regional Fund of Science, project number 20-47-243002
Кл.слова (ненормированные):
metasurface antenna -- anisotropic metasurface -- surface impedance -- holographic beamforming
Аннотация: High gain antennas based on metasurfaces with modulated surface impedance are a new class of antennas that have appeared in the last decade. They characterized by a simple design, but a relatively complex synthesis procedure. The paper briefly describes the modulated metasurface antennas principle of operation, and gives a specific method for calculating the anisotropic cell impedance tensor based on the calculation of cell eigenmodes in the infinite surface approximation. The method is intended for use at the first stage of the metasurface antenna synthesis, which consists in creating a database of cell tensorial impedances.

Смотреть статью,
Scopus,
Читать в сети ИФ
Держатели документа:
Scientific Instrumentation Laboratory, Kirensky Institute of Physics, Krasnoyarsk, Russian Federation
Matrix Wave LLC, Moscow, Russian Federation
Institute of Engineering Physics and Radioelectronics, Siberian Federal University, Krasnoyarsk, Russian Federation

Доп.точки доступа:
Lemberg, K. V.; Лемберг, Константин Вячеславович; Kosmynin, A. N.; Aleksandrin, A. M.; Grushevsky, E. O.; Грушевский, Евгений Олегович; Podshivalov, I. V.; Подшивалов, Иван Валерьевич; Radiation and Scattering of Electromagnetic Waves(2021 ; 28 June - 2 July ; Divnomorskoe, Russia)
}
Найти похожие
 

Другие библиотеки

© Международная Ассоциация пользователей и разработчиков электронных библиотек и новых информационных технологий
(Ассоциация ЭБНИТ)